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Ææ®Ω-∞ ¡-¢ Á’i-† -Ççí ∫xç -´÷-ö« -úø-üΔç -É-™«.. · adverbial...
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-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 8 -¢Ë’ 2011 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2 G. Shankar, Keshavapatnam. Q. Dear sir, I am a teacher of English for Primary sec- tion. When I was teaching to my students I came across a phrase at Page No.38 "Native place ". I think we don't find this expression in standard english. But here there in 6 th standard text book E/M by (EFLU). I want not to be found in next Re-print edition this expression. How I can take to its editor for this purpose to remove from the text. Please clarify it. A. You can write to the author, if the author's address is given, or C/o the publisher (S.Chand & Co.), pointing out the error and asking them to see that it is not repeated in the next edition. Q. In S.Chand's Text book for 5 th standard, I found a doubt at Page No.81. Regarding present perfect tense: "The museum has stood there for hundred years ". When time adverbial follows we use simple past but how it can be possible here. Please clarify it. A. 'The museum has stood there for hundred years'- the use of the present perfect tense here is correct because the verb refers to an action starting 100 years ago and continuing till now. Here the adverbial does not refer to a definite point of time in the past but to a period of time over which the museum has continued to exist. Compare: a) The museum has stood there for a hundred years . b) A museum stood there a hundred years ago . In (a) the adverbial refers to a period of time, continuing till the present- so the tense to be used is the present perfect . In (b) the adverbial refers to a point of time in the past. So the tense to be used is the past simple. However, 'hundred years' is wrong. It should be 'a hundred years/ one hundred years/ 100 years (read one hundred years)'. 100 is a countable singular, so 'a'/ one is a must before it. Usha, Yellandu. Q. Please clarify the following doubts. 'C' follows E. 'E' is followed by 'C' (CE) is this correct? A. C follows E (Active voice) = E is followed by C (Passive voice)- Correct. Q. In the previous Spoken English lesson you wrote a sentence while you were clarifying a doubt. The sentence is- The SP, who was to have attended as the chief guest didn't come yesterday. I have a doubt in the underlined word. Because 'attend ' should have been written. Please clari- fy. A. To have attended is correct. You know have/ has/ had/ would have, etc., is followed by the past participle (in this case, attended , the PP of 'attend') and never by the (1 st Regular Doing Word 'attend') Q. The S.I. follows the C.I.- C.I. is followed by the S.I. Åçõ‰ S.I., C.I. E follow Å´¤-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’. – is this correct? A. Correct- Å´¤†’. Y. Gayathri, Asifabad. Q. éÀçC ¢√é¬u™x àC ÆæÈ®jçüÓ ûÁ©-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. He un-buttoned of his coat/ shirt or He un-buttoned his coat/ shirt A. He unbottened his coat/ shirt- Correct Q. Please explain principles to be followed while analysing simple, complex and com- pound sentences. A. First of all, six forms of the verb: 1) 'be' form 2) 'be' form + ...ing form 3) 'be' form + past participle 4) Have/ has/ had/ shall have etc + past participle 5) The doing words (The two present simple forms- without '-s' and with '-s'), and 6) Shall/ should/ will/ would/ can/ could etc + 1 st Doing Word (will go, can see, etc)- í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓçúÕ.- Clause- a group of words with a verb Main clause - a clause with complete meaning; Subordinate clause - a clause without complete meaning. Simple sentence- a sentence with just one main clause- Åçõ‰ äÍé verb Ö†o sentence Å®·ûË ÅC simple sentence. äéπ sentence ™ äéπ-öÀéπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ verbs Öçõ‰, Ç sentence ™ äéπöÀéπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ clauses Ö†oô’x – Å°æ¤p-úøC compound sen- tence í¬F, complex sentence í¬F 鬴a. Sentence ™ Ö†o´Fo main clauses Å®·ûË ÅC compound sentence. One main clause, one or more subordinate clauses Öçõ‰ ÅC complex sentence. îª÷úøçúÕ: The book on the table is mine- Ñ sentence ™ 'is' ('be' form) äÍé verb- ÉC simple sentence. The book which is on the table is mine - Ééπ\úø, 'is', and 'is' È®çúø’ verbs - 鬕öÀd È®çúø’ clauses- 1) The book .... is mine - meaning complete- é¬-•-öÀd Main clause. 2) The book which is on the table = Table O’ü¿’†o °æ¤Ææhéπç – meaning incomplete - So, Subordinate clause. So 'The book which is on the table is mine' is a complex sentence. There is a book on the table and it is mine - two verbs, 'is' and 'is'- two clauses: 1) There is a book on the table = Table O’ü¿ °æ¤Ææhéπç ÖçC– Meaning complete- Main clause. and it is mine- ÅC Ø√C – Main clause too. So, the sentence is a compound sentence. 1) Usually, a sentence with just one verb is a simple sentence. 2) A sentence with 'and', 'but', 'yet', 'so', 'or', 'or else', 'either ... or', 'not only ... but also' - are compound sentences. 3) As sentence with, 'as', 'because', 'since', 'after + clause/ before clause', 'though/ although/ even though' etc are all com- plex sentences. For more details refer to the old lessons. Q. Bhagavatgita and Nuclear Policy ÅØË °æ¤Ææhéπç™ äéπ¢√éπuç™ 'my having approached' ÅE -Öç-C. Å™« ¢√úø-´î√a? ¢√uéπ-®Ωù üÓ≠æç ÖçúøüΔ?Ñ ¢√éπuç ¢Á·ûªhç É™« ÖçC.. Inspite of my having approached it with earnestness and reading it with care, I found my self repelled by it. A. My having approached - correct- There is nothing wrong My approaching it = üΔEo ÆæO’-°œç-îªúøç (Ééπ\úÕ Å®Ωnç – ü¿%≠œdûÓ üΔEo Å´-í¬-£æ«† îËÆæ’-éÓ- ´úøç) (É°æ¤púø’) My having approached it (í∫ûªç™) üΔEo ÆæO’-°œç-îªúøç ¢Á·ûªhç Å®Ωnç – *ûªh- ¨¡Ÿ-Cl¥ûÓ üΔEo Å´-í¬-£æ«† îËÆæ’-éÓ-¢√-©ØË v°æߪ’ûªoç îËÆœ-†-°æp-öÀéÃ, ñ«ví∫ûªhí¬ îªCN†°æp-öÀéÃ, ÅC Ø√™ N´·-êûªyç éπL-Tç-*çC. (Çéπ-J{ç-îª-™‰-éπ-§Úí¬, ÅÆæ£æ«uç éπLÍ홫 îËÆœçC). -Ççí∫x-¶μ«-≠æ-ù -Ççí∫x-¶μ«-≠æ-ù 641 M.SURESAN The book which is on the table is mine Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/chaduvu/chaduvuinner.asp?qry=spokenenglish °æ¤Ææh鬙x ´’†ç îªC¢Ë English èπÿ, Ææç¶μ«-≠æù™x, Eûªu @N-ûªç™ ´÷´‚©’ ´uèπ◊h-©ûÓ (°æJ-îªßª’ç Ö†o/ ™‰E) Ææç¶μ«-≠œç-îË-ô°æ¤púø’ ¢√úË English èπ◊ î√™« ûËú≈ Öçô’çC. ûÁ©’í∫’ èπÿú≈ ÅçûË éπüΔ? ví∫çü∑Δ™x éπE- °œçîË ûÁ©’-í∫’èπ◊, ´÷´‚-©’í¬ Ææç¶μ«- ≠œçîËô°æ¤púø’ ¢√úË ûÁ©’-í∫’èπÿ ûËú≈ Öçô’çC éπüΔ?Ææç¶μ«-≠æ-ùèπ◊ ¢√úË English (Spoken English) î√™« Ææ®Ω∞¡ç (simple)í¬, Ææ÷öÀ (direct) í¬ Öçô’ç-ü¿E ´’†èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’. é¬F, ´’†™ î√™«´’çC É™«çöÀ English ´÷ö«x-úø-™‰®Ω’. ´’†èπ◊ English ™ Ææç¶μ«-≠œçîË Å´-é¬- ¨»©’ î√™« ûªèπ◊\´ 鬕öÀd. Å®·ûË Å™«çöÀ English î√™« Å´Ææ®Ωç. ÉC î√™« Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x ᙫ ¢√úø-û√- ®Ω-ØËC É°æ¤púø’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çüΔç. °æ©-éπ-Jç-°æ¤©’ (Greetings) ÉN È®çúø’ ®Ω鬩’ – 1) Formal and 2) Informal. ´’†-éπçûªí¬ °æJ-îª-ߪ’ç-™‰E ¢√∞¡x†’, éÌûªh-¢√-∞¡x†’, ´’† °j ÅCμ-é¬-®Ω’-©†’, ´’†ç î√™« íı®Ω-NçîË ¢√∞¡x†’ °æ©-éπ- JçîË B®Ω’ – Formal. ´’†ûÓ ¶«í¬ ’- ´¤†o ¢√∞¡x†’, •çüμ¿’-´¤- ©†’, ´’† èπ◊ô’ç- •ç™E ¢√∞¡x†÷ °æ©-éπ- JçîË B®Ω’ – Informal. ÉN í∫’®Ω’hç- -èπ◊çüΔç. Informal greeting: ¶«í¬ °æJ-îªßª’ç Ö†o ¢√∞¡x†’ °æ©-éπ-JçîË Nüμ¿ç: Hello Kumar: Hello Rajesh, What are you doing? Hello èπ◊ Ææ´÷üμΔ†ç/ Ææpçü¿† Hello ØË. Rajesh: Hello Kumar, I'm (I am) on my way to college. American English Å®·ûË, Hi (£j«) Åçü¿’èπ◊ Ææpçü¿† èπÿú≈ 'Hi' ØË Ramesh: Hi Naresh, How are you? Naresh: Hi Ramesh, I'm fine. Thank you. How are you. Ramesh: Fine too. Thank you. ÉN ûÁL-Æœ†¢Ë éπüΔ! ´’†ç á´J†-®·Ø√ ´’üμΔu£æ«oç ™°æ¤ éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çõ‰ Good morning, ´’üμΔu£æ«oç †’ç* ≤ƒßª’ç-vûªç-™°æ¤ Å®·ûË Good afternoon, ≤ƒßª’çvûªç †’ç* ®√vA *´-Jí¬ éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ØË ´®Ωèπ◊ Good evening, ®√vA ÂÆ©´¤ BÆæ’-èπ◊-ØË-ô°æ¤púø’ Good night Åçö«ç. Ææç¶μ«-≠æù °æ‹®Ωh-ߪ÷uéπ, Bye/ Good bye/ bye bye/ Have a nice day ņúøç ¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC. Formal greeting: ´’†èπ◊ ûÁL-Æœ† ¢√∞¡x†’, §ƒûª N’vûª’-©†÷ éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-†o-°æ¤púø’ °æ-©éπ-Jç-îË -N-üμ¿ç a) Priya: Hi Madhavi, How are you? Madhavi: Fine, thank you; How are you?/ and you?/ How about you?/ what about you? (èπ◊™«-≤ƒØË. Thank you. †’¢Áy™« ÖØ√o´¤?/ †’´¤y/ F Ææçí∫-ûËçöÀ?)/ OK/ All right Priya: Fine too. Thank you. (èπ◊™«-≤ƒØË. Thanks)/ OK too/ Same here, thank you. b) ´’† ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’© ßÁ÷í∫-Íé~-´÷-©†’ Nî√-Jç-îªúøç. Karim: How are you? How's everybody at home? (ᙫ ÖØ√o´¤? Éçöx Åçü¿®Ω÷ ᙫ ÖØ√o®Ω’?/ How are your parents?/ How are the children? (your children ņç) How are your brother and sister? Kiran: Everybody's OK. Thank you. How is it with you? (Åçü¿®Ω÷ èπ◊™«≤ƒ. Thank you. F Ææçí∫ûËçöÀ?) É™« èπÿú≈ ņ-´îª’a. Mukesh: Hi Suman, How are you getting on ? How's (How is) everybody getting on at home? (†’¢Áy™« ÖØ√o´¤?/ Éçöx Åçü¿®Ω÷ ᙫ ÖØ√o®Ω’?) Suman: Quiet all right/ fine/ Thankyou. What about you? Mukesh: Fine too/ Ok too/ All right too, Thank you. FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH Ææ®Ω-∞¡-¢Á’i-† -Ççí∫xç -´÷-ö«x-úø-üΔç -É-™«..
Transcript of Ææ®Ω-∞ ¡-¢ Á’i-† -Ççí ∫xç -´÷-ö« -úø-üΔç -É-™«.. · adverbial...
-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 8 -¢Ë’ 2011 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
G. Shankar, Keshavapatnam.
Q. Dear sir, I am a teacher ofEnglish for Primary sec-tion. When I was teachingto my students I cameacross a phrase at Page
No.38 "Native place". I think we don't findthis expression in standard english. But herethere in 6th standard text book E/M by(EFLU).
I want not to be found in next Re-print editionthis expression. How I can take to its editorfor this purpose to remove from the text.Please clarify it.
A. You can write to the author, if the author's
address is given, or C/o the publisher(S.Chand & Co.), pointing out the error andasking them to see that it is not repeated inthe next edition.
Q. In S.Chand's Text book for 5th standard, Ifound a doubt at Page No.81. Regardingpresent perfect tense: "The museum hasstood there for hundred years". When timeadverbial follows we use simple past buthow it can be possible here. Please clarify it.
A. 'The museum has stood there for hundredyears'- the use of the present perfect tensehere is correct because the verb refers to anaction starting 100 years ago and continuingtill now. Here the adverbial does not refer toa definite point of time in the past but to aperiod of time over which the museum has
continued to exist.
Compare: a) The museum has stood therefor a hundred years.
b) A museum stood there a hundred yearsago.
In (a) the adverbial refers to a period of time,continuing till the present- so the tense to beused is the present perfect.
In (b) the adverbial refers to a point of time inthe past. So the tense to be used is the pastsimple.
However, 'hundred years' is wrong. It shouldbe 'a hundred years/ one hundred years/ 100years (read one hundred years)'. 100 is acountable singular, so 'a'/ one is a must beforeit.
Usha, Yellandu.Q. Please clarify the following
doubts.
'C' follows E. 'E' is followed by 'C'(CE) is this correct?
A. C follows E (Active voice) = E is followed byC (Passive voice)- Correct.
Q. In the previous Spoken English lesson youwrote a sentence while you were clarifying adoubt. The sentence is- The SP, who was tohave attended as the chief guest didn'tcome yesterday.
I have a doubt in theunderlined word.Because 'attend'should have beenwritten. Please clari-fy.
A. To have attended iscorrect. You knowhave/ has/ had/ wouldhave, etc., is followed by the past participle(in this case, attended, the PP of 'attend')and never by the (1st Regular DoingWord 'attend')
Q. The S.I. follows the C.I.- C.I. is followed bythe S.I. Åçõ‰ S.I., C.I. E follow Å´¤-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’.– is this correct?
A. Correct- Å´¤†’.
Y. Gayathri, Asifabad.Q. éÀçC ¢√é¬u™x àC ÆæÈ®jçüÓ ûÁ©-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
He un-buttoned of his coat/ shirt
or
He un-buttoned his coat/ shirt
A. He unbottened his coat/ shirt-Correct
Q. Please explain principles to be followedwhile analysing simple, complex and com-pound sentences.
A. First of all, six forms of the verb:
1) 'be' form 2) 'be' form + ...ing form 3) 'be'form + past participle 4) Have/ has/ had/shall have etc + past participle 5) The
doing words (The two present simpleforms- without '-s' and with '-s'), and6) Shall/ should/ will/ would/ can/ couldetc + 1st Doing Word (will go, can see,etc)- í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓçúÕ.-
Clause- a group of words with a verb Mainclause - a clause with complete meaning;Subordinate clause- a clause without completemeaning.
Simple sentence- a sentence with just onemain clause- Åçõ‰ äÍé verb Ö†o sentenceÅ®·ûË ÅC simple sentence.
äéπ sentence ™ äéπ-öÀéπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ verbsÖçõ‰, Ç sentence ™ äéπöÀéπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´clauses Ö†oô’x – Å°æ¤p-úøC compound sen-tence í¬F, complex sentence í¬F 鬴a.Sentence ™ Ö†o´Fo main clauses Å®·ûËÅC compound sentence. One main clause,one or more subordinate clauses Öçõ‰ ÅCcomplex sentence.
îª÷úøçúÕ: The book on the table is mine- Ñsentence ™ 'is' ('be' form) äÍé verb- ÉCsimple sentence.
The book which is on the table is mine -Ééπ\úø, 'is', and 'is' È®çúø’ verbs - 鬕öÀd È®çúø’clauses-
1) The book .... is mine - meaning complete-é¬-•-öÀd Main clause.
2) The book which is on the table = TableO’ü¿’†o °æ¤Ææhéπç – meaning incomplete - So,Subordinate clause.
So 'The book which is on the table is mine'is a complex sentence.
There is a book on the table and it is mine -two verbs, 'is' and 'is'- two clauses: 1) Thereis a book on the table = Table O’ü¿ °æ¤ÆæhéπçÖçC– Meaning complete- Main clause.
and it is mine- ÅC Ø√C – Main clause too.
So, the sentence is a compound sentence.
1) Usually, a sentence with just one verb is asimple sentence.
2) A sentence with 'and', 'but', 'yet', 'so', 'or','or else', 'either ... or', 'not only ... butalso' - are compound sentences.
3) As sentence with, 'as', 'because', 'since','after + clause/ before clause', 'though/although/ even though' etc are all com-plex sentences.
For more details refer to the old lessons.
Q. Bhagavatgita and Nuclear Policy ÅØË°æ¤Ææhéπç™ äéπ¢√éπuç™ 'my having approached'ÅE -Öç-C. Å™« ¢√úø-´î√a? ¢√uéπ-®Ωù üÓ≠æçÖçúøüΔ?Ñ ¢√éπuç ¢Á·ûªhç É™« ÖçC..
Inspite of my having approached it withearnestness and reading it with care, I foundmy self repelled by it.
A. My having approached - correct- There isnothing wrong
My approaching it = üΔEo ÆæO’-°œç-îªúøç(Ééπ\úÕ Å®Ωnç – ü¿%≠œdûÓ üΔEo Å´-í¬-£æ«† îËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç) (É°æ¤púø’) My having approached it(í∫ûªç™) üΔEo ÆæO’-°œç-îªúøç ¢Á·ûªhç Å®Ωnç – *ûªh-¨¡Ÿ-Cl¥ûÓ üΔEo Å´-í¬-£æ«† îËÆæ’-éÓ-¢√-©ØË v°æߪ’ûªoçîËÆœ-†-°æp-öÀéÃ, ñ«ví∫ûªhí¬ îªCN†°æp-öÀéÃ, ÅC Ø√™N´·-êûªyç éπL-Tç-*çC. (Çéπ-J{ç-îª -™‰ -éπ -§Úí¬,ÅÆæ£æ«uç éπLÍ홫 îËÆœçC).
-Ççí∫x-¶μ«-≠æ-ù-Ççí∫x-¶μ«-≠æ-ù 641
M.SURESAN
The book which is on the table is mine
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/chaduvu/chaduvuinner.asp?qry=spokenenglish
°æ¤Ææh鬙x ´’†ç îªC¢Ë English èπÿ, Ææç¶μ«-≠æù™x,Eûªu @N-ûªç™ ´÷´‚©’ ´uèπ◊h-©ûÓ (°æJ-îªßª’çÖ†o/ ™‰E) Ææç¶μ«-≠œç-îË-ô°æ¤púø’ ¢√úË English èπ◊î√™« ûËú≈Öçô’çC.ûÁ©’í∫’ èπÿú≈ÅçûË éπüΔ?ví∫çü∑Δ™x éπE-°œçîË ûÁ©’-í∫’èπ◊,´÷´‚-©’í¬Ææç¶μ«-≠œçîËô°æ¤púø’¢√úË ûÁ©’-í∫’èπÿ ûËú≈ Öçô’çC éπüΔ?Ææç¶μ«-≠æ-ùèπ◊¢√úË English (Spoken English) î√™« Ææ®Ω∞¡ç(simple)í¬, Ææ÷öÀ (direct) í¬ Öçô’ç-ü¿E ´’†èπ◊ûÁ©’Ææ’. é¬F, ´’†™ î√™«´’çC É™«çöÀ English´÷ö«x-úø-™‰®Ω’. ´’†èπ◊ English ™ Ææç¶μ«-≠œçîË Å -́é¬-¨»©’ î√™« ûªèπ◊\´ 鬕öÀd. Å®·ûË Å™«çöÀ Englishî√™« Å´Ææ®Ωç. ÉC î√™« Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x ᙫ ¢√úø-û√-®Ω-ØËC É°æ¤púø’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çüΔç.
°æ©-éπ-Jç-°æ¤©’ (Greetings)
ÉN È®çúø’ ®Ω鬩’ – 1) Formal and 2) Informal.
´’†-éπçûªí¬ °æJ-îª-ߪ’ç-™‰E ¢√∞¡x†’, éÌûªh-¢√-∞¡x†’, ´’†Â°j ÅCμ-é¬-®Ω’-©†’, ´’†ç î√™« íı®Ω-NçîË ¢√∞¡x†’ °æ©-éπ-
JçîË B®Ω’ – Formal.
´’†ûÓ ¶«í¬ ’-´¤†o ¢√∞¡x†’, •çüμ¿’-́ ¤-©†’, ´’† èπ◊ô’ç-•ç™E ¢√∞¡x†÷ °æ©-éπ-JçîË B®Ω’ –Informal. ÉN í∫’®Ω’hç--èπ◊çüΔç.Informal greeting:
¶«í¬ °æJ-îªßª’ç Ö†o ¢√∞¡x†’ °æ©-éπ-JçîË Nüμ¿ç: Hello
Kumar: Hello Rajesh, What are you doing?
Hello èπ◊ Ææ´÷üμΔ†ç/ Ææpçü¿† Hello ØË.Rajesh: Hello Kumar, I'm (I am) on my way to
college.
American English Å®·ûË, Hi (£j«)Åçü¿’èπ◊ Ææpçü¿† èπÿú≈ 'Hi' ØË
Ramesh: Hi Naresh, How are you?
Naresh: Hi Ramesh, I'm fine. Thank you. Howare you.
Ramesh: Finetoo. Thank you.
ÉN ûÁL-Æœ†¢Ë éπüΔ!´’†ç á´J†-®·Ø√´’üμΔu£æ«oç ™°æ¤éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çõ‰ Goodmorning,´’üμΔu£æ«oç †’ç*≤ƒßª’ç-vûªç-™°æ¤Å®·ûË Good afternoon, ≤ƒßª’çvûªç †’ç* ®√vA*´-Jí¬ éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ØË ´®Ωèπ◊ Good evening, ®√vAÂÆ©´¤ BÆæ’-èπ◊-ØË-ô°æ¤púø’ Good night Åçö«ç.Ææç¶μ«-≠æù °æ‹®Ωh-ߪ÷uéπ, Bye/ Good bye/ bye bye/Have a nice day ņúøç ¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC.Formal greeting: ´’†èπ◊ ûÁL-Æœ† ¢√∞¡x†’, §ƒûªN’vûª’-©†÷ éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-†o-°æ¤púø’ °æ-©éπ-Jç-îË -N-üμ¿ça) Priya: Hi Madhavi, How are you?
Madhavi: Fine, thank you; How are you?/ andyou?/ How about you?/ what about you?
(èπ◊™«-≤ƒØË. Thank you. †’¢Áy™« ÖØ√o´¤?/ †’´¤y/
F Ææçí∫-ûËçöÀ?)/ OK/ All right
Priya: Fine too. Thank you. (èπ◊™«-≤ƒØË.Thanks)/ OKtoo/ Same here,thank you.
b) ´’† ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’©ßÁ÷í∫-Íé~-´÷-©†’Nî√-Jç-îªúøç.Karim: How areyou? How'severybody athome? (ᙫ ÖØ√o´¤? Éçöx Åçü¿®Ω÷ ᙫÖØ√o®Ω’?/ How are your parents?/ How are thechildren? (your children ņç) How are yourbrother and sister?
Kiran: Everybody's OK. Thank you. How is itwith you? (Åçü¿®Ω÷ èπ◊™«≤ƒ. Thank you. FÆæçí∫ûËçöÀ?) É™« èπÿú≈ ņ-´îª’a.Mukesh: Hi Suman, How are you getting on?How's (How is)everybody gettingon at home?
(†’¢Áy™« ÖØ√o´¤?/Éçöx Åçü¿®Ω÷ ᙫÖØ√o®Ω’?)Suman: Quiet allright/ fine/Thankyou. Whatabout you?
Mukesh: Fine too/ Ok too/ All right too, Thankyou.
FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH
Ææ®Ω-∞¡-¢Á’i-† -Ççí∫xç -´÷-ö«x-úø-üΔç -É-™«..
-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 29 -¢Ë’ 2011 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
Anil, BapatlaQ. 1) Telugu Movies would
not get released inChennai
2) Telugu Movies wouldnot be released inChennai
°j È®çúø’ ¢√é¬u© ´’üμ¿u Difference †’ N´-Jç-îª-í∫©®Ω’. ¢Á·ü¿öÀ ¢√éπuç™ 'Get' Importance ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰ßª’-í∫-©®Ω’.
A. Sentence í¬ Telugu movies would not get/be released in Chennai ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. sentenceÖçú≈-Lq† B®Ω’: Telugu movies do not get/ arenot released in Chennai = îÁØÁj o™ ûÁ©’í∫’*vû√©’ Núø’-ü¿©é¬´¤ = È®çúÕçöÀéÀ üΔüΔ°æ¤ äÍéÅ®Ωnç. (get released = Núø’-ü¿©ßË’u Å´-鬨¡ç§Òçü¿´¤ – ÉC èπÿú≈ °æ‹Jhí¬ ÆæÈ®jçC é¬ü¿’.ûÁ©’í∫’™ üΔEéÀ (get released ™«çöÀ ¢√öÀéÀ)
correct equivalent ™‰ü¿’.
Rajkumar, DarsiQ. 1. It'll do the lad good. Bring 'em up natural,
I always say.
2. Better than letting that blighter take yourteeth out, anyway.
°j È®çúø’ ¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ ûÁ©’í∫’ Å®Ωnç ûÁ©-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
A. 1) ØËØÁ-°æ¤púø÷ Åçô’ç-ö«†’. ÅC °œ™«x-úÕéÀ ´’ç*îËÆæ’hçC – °œ©x™„o°æ¤púø÷ Ææ£æ«ï ¢√û√-´-®Ω-ùç™Â°çîª-´’E.
lad = Ŷ«s®·, lass = Å´÷t®·
Bring 'em up = Bring them up
Bring somebody up = °çîªúøç
His grand parents brought him up = ÅûªúÕû√ûª, Å´’t´’t/ ¶«´’t ÅûªúÕE °çî√®Ω’.
2) Blighter = ÉC rascal ™«í¬ Aô’d °æü¿ç,Å®·ûË ÉC Aõ‰dç-ü¿’èπ◊ é¬èπ◊çú≈ ´’† ÅGμ-´÷†ç/ ÇÊ°éπ~/ ¢Á’°æ¤p îª÷Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç.(ûÁ©’-í∫’™ èπÿú≈ 'ãJ üÌçí∫ ¢Áüμ¿¢√— ÅE Aõ‰dç-ü¿’èπ◊ é¬èπ◊çú≈ ¢Á’°æ¤p/ É≠ædç ûÁL-Ê°çü¿’èπ◊Åçô’çö«ç éπüΔ?)
'you lucky blighter, so you got the seat inmedicine (ãJ üÌçí∫ ¢Áüμ¿¢√, ¢Á·û√h-EéÀ medi-cine ™ seat Ææ秃-Cç-î√-´-†o-´÷ô) -O’®Ω’ ®√Æœ-†È®ç--úÓ °æ-üΔ-EéÀ --Å®Ωnç: -Ç ¢Áüμ¿´E °æ∞¡Ÿx-®√-©-íÌõ‰dçü¿’éπçõ‰ ÉC †ßª’ç.
Q. The education bill was thrown - by theassembly (out, off, up)
A. The education bill was thrown out
Q. Néπ-™«ç-í∫’©’, Cèπÿ\ ¢Á·èπ◊\-™‰E ¢√∞¡Ÿx Åúø’-éÓ\-
´úøç™ Å®Ωlç ÖçC. ÅEo Å´-ߪ’-¢√©’ Æævéπ´’çí¬ ÖçúÕ v¨¡´’ îËߪ’-í∫-LÍí ÆœnA™ Ö†o ¢√®Ω’ Åúø’-éÓ\-´úøç,•ü¿léπç é¬éπ ´’Í®-N’öÀ?
Ñ ¢√é¬uEo Éç-Tx-≠ˇ™ ᙫ îÁ§ƒp™ûÁ©-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
A. We can understand the disabled and the des-titute begging, but the able bodied who canwork, begging- what else is it, if not laziness?
Q. Thank you verymuch to havesaved me.
Thank you verymuch for havingsaved me
°j È®çúø’ ¢√é¬u© ´’üμ¿uûËú≈†’ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
A. 'For having saved me' is correct.
Q. v°æ¶μº’ûªy ÖüÓu-í∫’©’, Eñ«-®·-Bí¬ Öçô’-Ø√o®√ Åçõ‰,™‰ü¿’ ÅØË Ææ´÷-üμΔ-†¢Ë’ Ææ®Ωyvû√ NE-°œ-Ææ’hçC.
°j ¢√é¬uEo Éç-Tx-≠ˇ™ ᙫ îÁ§ƒp™ ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’?
A. Are government employees honest? Theonly answer you always get is 'No'
K.Srikrishnakumar, Bapatla.Q. Ñ éÀç-C °æ-üΔ-© -Å®√n-Eo, -¢√-öÀ-E -Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç--îË
Ææçü¿®√s¥Eo ûÁ©’-í∫’™ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
1. Lawless 2. Illegal 3. Illicit 4. Unlawful
5. Discharge 6. Exonerate 7. Pardon8. Release 9. Acquit 10. Illegitimate
A. Lawless = a situation in which lawis not at all respected or followed -îªö«d©’ °æE-îË-ߪ’E °æJ-ÆœnA – ØË®Ω-í¬∞¡Ÿxߪ’üμË-îªa ¥í¬ ØË®√©’ îËߪ’-í∫-L-T† °æJ-ÆœnA –îªôdç °æE-îË-ߪ’E ÆœnA.
Illegal = unlawful. éÓ®Ω’d ÉîËa B®Ω’p-©èπ◊
N®Ω’ü¿l¥çí¬ Öçõ‰ illegal. Illegal occupa-tion of a place = éÓ®Ω’d B®Ω’p-†-A-véπ-N’ç* ÅDμ-†ç™Ö†o- Ææn©ç.
Unlawful = éÓ®Ω’d BÍ®pO’ ™‰èπ◊çú≈, éÓ®Ω’d v°æ¢Ë’ߪ’癉èπ◊çú≈, îªö«d-EéÀ ´uA-Í®-éπçí¬ Öçúøôç. ÖüΔ: v°æ¶μº’ûªy
Ææn©ç á´J ņ’-́ ’A ™‰èπ◊çú≈ äéπ-́ uéÀh ÅDμ†ç™Öçúøôç unlawful. Ç N≠æ-ߪ’¢Ë’ court vüμ¿’-Oéπ-Jç-*, Ç´uéÀhE Ç Ææn©ç ´ü¿’-©’-éÓ-¢√-©E ÇüËPç*† ûª®√yûªèπÿú≈ Åéπ\úË é̆-≤ƒ-í∫’-ûª’çõ‰ ÅC illegal.
Illicit: ÉC ´·êuçí¬ Æ‘Y, °æ¤®Ω’-≠æfl© Åvéπ´’ Ææç•ç-üμΔ-©èπ◊ ´Jh-Ææ’hçC. ÅçûË-é¬-èπ◊çú≈ îªôd ´uA-Í®-éπçí¬,íÓ°æuçí¬ ïJÍí °æ†’-©èπÿ ´Jh-Ææ’hçC. e.g.: 1) Illicitrelationship between a man and a woman(Æ‘YéÀ, °æ¤®Ω’-≠æfl-úÕéà ֆo Åvéπ´’ Ææç•çüμ¿ç)
2) Illicit distillation of liquor = îªôdç ņ’-́ ’A™‰èπ◊çú≈ ´’ü¿uç ûªßª÷-K; Åvéπ´’ ûª´y-鬩’ =Illicit mining, etc.
Discharge = vü¿´ °æüΔ-®√n© Núø’-ü¿©
1) Discharge of blood 2) Discharge ofdrainage water 3) Discharge of water/River water into the sea.
Discharge from hospital/ prison = ÇÆæpvA/ñ„j©’ †’ç* ´uèπ◊h© Núø’-ü¿©.
Discharge of duties = Nüμ¿’© E®Ωy-£æ«ùDischarge from duties = Nüμ¿’© †’ç* ÖüÓuTûÌ©-Tç°æ¤.
Exonerate = ´uéÀh°j ¢Á÷°œ† Ç®Ó-°æ-ù©’ ®Ω’V´¤é¬†ç-ü¿’-´©x Ç ´uéÀh Ç ØË®√©’ îËߪ’-™‰-ü¿E B®Ω’pÉ´yúøç (éÓ®Ω’d)
Pardon = ØË®Ωç îËÆœ-†-°æp-öÀéà éπ~N’ç* ´C-™‰-ߪ’úøçPardon
Release - 1) -ñ„j-©’ ™«çöÀ ¢√öÀ †’ç* Péπ~ °æ‹®Ωh-®·†ûª®√yûª Núø’-ü¿© îËߪ’úøç.
2) F∞¡Ÿx ¢Á·ü¿™„j† ¢√öÀE ´ü¿-©úøç
3) Çïc©’, ÆœE-´÷-™«xç-öÀN Núø’-ü¿© îËߪ’úøç
Acquit = ØË®√©’ ®Ω’V-´¤-é¬E °æJ-Æœn-A™, Åçõ‰ exon-erate Å®·† ´uéÀhE éÓ®Ω’d Núø’-ü¿© îËߪ’úøç
Illegitimate = Illicit – Åvéπ´’ Ææç•çüμ¿ç ´©x °æ¤öÀd†Ææçû√†ç illegitimate.
Y. Gayathri, Asifabad.Q. ؈’ äéπ °æ¤Ææh-éπç™ éÀçC °æüΔ©’ îª÷¨»†’. ¢√öÀ
ÆæÈ®j† Å®√n©’ Ø√ ü¿í∫_®Ω Ö†o úÕéπ{-†-K™ üÌ®Ω-éπ-™‰ü¿’.ü¿ßª’-îËÆœ Ç °æüΔ-©†’ í∫’Jç* N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.Prayest; shalt; Hast; Seeth.
A. Prayest, Shalt, hast, seeth
É´Fo archaic forms = old English °æüΔ©’OöÀéÀ modern English ®Ω÷§ƒ©’ (equivalents)´®Ω’-Ææí¬.. pray, shall, has, see
Q. éÀçC °æüΔ-©èπ◊ Å®√n©’ ûÁ©-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.a) Saporito b) Paro c) Kyle d) Eric
e) Uncharacteristic
A. (a) †’ç* (d) ´®Ωèπ◊ Ö†oN Ê°®Ω’x. °æüΔ©’ 鬴¤.(e) uncharacteristic = ©éπ~ùç é¬E-C
To be honest is uncharacteristic of Indianpoliticians = Eñ«-®·-Bí¬ Öçúøôç ¶μ«®Ωûª ®√ï-éÃ-ߪ’-¢√-ü¿’© ©éπ~ùç é¬ü¿’.It is uncharacteristic of a dog not to bark =¢Á·®Ω-í∫-èπ◊çú≈ Öçúøôç èπ◊éπ\ ©éπ~ùç é¬ü¿’.
Q. éÀçC-¢√-öÀE ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ᙫ îÁ§ƒpL?
� ´’£æ…-ûª’t© ≤ƒçí∫ûªuç î√™« ´’ç*C.A. Associating/ mixing with the great is always
good.
� ûÓöÀ ´÷-†-´¤-úÕéÀ Ææ£æ«-éπ-Jç.A. Help your fellow human beings.
� ´’† û√∞¡-°ævûª ví∫çü∑Δ™x áØÓo Å´‚-©u-¢Á’i†N≠æߪ÷-©’-Ø√o®·.
A. Our palm leaf books contain invaluableinformation.
-Ççí∫x-¶μ«-≠æ-ù-Ççí∫x-¶μ«-≠æ-ù 642
His grand parents brought him up
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/chaduvu/chaduvuinner.asp?qry=spokenenglish
M.SURESAN
éÀçü¿öÀ≤ƒJ ´’†èπ◊ ûÁL-Æœ-†-¢√-∞¡x†’ ᙫ °æ©’-éπ-Jçî√™ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç éπüΔ? É°æ¤púø’.1) ´’†ç ´’†Lo Éûª-®Ω’-©èπ◊ ᙫ °æJ-îªßª’ç
îËÆæ’éÓ¢√™2) ´’†ç, ´’†èπ◊ ûÁL-Æœ-†-¢√-∞¡x†’ äéπ-JéÌéπJE ᙫ °æJ-
îªßª’ç îËߪ÷™ îª÷üΔlç. (É´Fo èπÿú≈ ´’†çEûªu-@-N-ûªç (real life situations) ™ practiseîËÊÆhØË -¶«í¬ -Å©-¢√õ„j Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ Åv°æ-ߪ’-ûªoçí¬´’†ç ´÷ö«x-úË-Ææ’hçö«ç. 鬕öÀd Å´-鬨¡ç ´*a-†-°æ¤p-úø™«x practise îËüΔlç.
I. Self introduction (Ææy°æ-J-îªßª’ç):a) Formal (°æ‹Jhí¬ éÌûªh-¢√-∞¡xûÓ/ °j ÅCμ-é¬-®Ω’-©ûÓ/
´’†ç ´u´-£æ…®Ωç †-úø-°æ-¶-ßË’-¢√-∞¡xûÓ)'Excuse me, I am Narayana, May I know/
have your name please? (My name is ņ-´îª’a.Å®·ûË Åçûª-éπçõ‰ 'I am....' ņúøç ¢Á’®Ω’í∫’ – É™«ÅØË-ô-°æ¤púø’ Çûªt-N-¨»y-ÆæçûÓ,Ææp≠ædçí¬, EüΔ-†çí¬, ´’®√u-ü¿í¬, ¢Á·ü¿-öÀ-´÷ô áçûªclear í¬ Öçô’çüÓ *´-J-´÷ô èπÿú≈ Åçûª clear í¬ÖçúË-™« ´÷ö«x-úøôç prac-tise îËߪ’çúÕ)
Å´-ûª-L-¢√∞¡Ÿx ´’†ç ņ’-èπ◊†o ¢√-∞Ïx¢Á÷ ÅØË ÆæçüË£æ«çÖ†o-°æ¤púø’ É™« Åçö«ç:
Excuse me. I am Narayana. Am I (by anychance ÅE v§ƒ®Ωç-Gμç-îª-́ a) speaking to Mr/ SriRaghav? (O’®Ω’ ®√°∂æ’-¢˛-í¬-®√çúÕ?)
É™«çöÀ °æJ-Æœn-A™(ÉçÈé-´-È®jØ√ ûª´’†’û√´· - °æJ-îª-ߪ’ç-îËÆæ’èπ◊†o-°æ¤púø’) ´’-†Ææpç-ü¿-†
1) I am Achyuth.What can I do for
you? (Ø√ûÓ à´’Ø√o °æ†’çüΔ)2) Yes, I am (Am I speaking to Raghav? ÅE
á´-®ΩØ√o ÅúÕ-TûË). Anything I can do for you?(Ø√ûÓ °æØË-´’Ø√o ÖçüΔ?)b) Informal: (´’†ûÓ Ææ´÷-†-¢Á’i† ¢√∞¡}ûÓ) I am
Srinivas, Your name please? DEéÀ Ææpçü¿†:
I am Anand. What'sthe matter? (؈’džçü˛/-Ø√-Ê°®Ω’ džçü˛àçöÀ Ææçí∫A? ´’®√uü¿üμ¿yEç-îË-™«/ (Whatcan I do for you?
í∫´’-Eéπ: Myself SrinivasÅE ´÷vûªç ņ-èπÿúøü¿’. á°æ¤p-úø÷ My
name is/ Åçûª-éπçõ‰ ¢Á’®Ω’í¬_ I am Srinivasņ-úøç ÆæJ.
II. Introducing two of our friends to each other(´’† ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’-©-E-ü¿l-JE äéπ-J-ØÌ-éπ-JéÀ °æJ-îªßª’çîËߪ’-úøç:
You are introducing Jagdish to Satisha) You (O’®Ω’): Hi Satish, This (he ņ-éπçúÕ) is
my class-mateJagdishand.....
Satish: HiJagdish,how do youdo?/ Glad tomeet you/Pleased to meet you/ (so) nice to meet
you./ Happy to meet you.(í∫´’-Eéπ: How do you do èπ◊ Ææpçü¿† How do youdoØË. I am fine ™«çöÀ-N ņç. 'How do you do?'formal. -N’í∫-û√-´Fo informal).You: Jagdish, this is, Satish, my playmate/
neighbour, etc.Jagdish: Hi Satish, How do you do?/ Equally
glad/ pleased/ (so) nice to meet you/happy to meet you.
°j ´÷ô-©-ØË-°æ¤púø’, ûÁ©’Ææ’ éπüΔ, éπ®Ω-î√-©†ç(Shakehand) îË≤ƒhç.
Glad to/ nice to meet you ÅØË •ü¿’©’, Glad/nice/ pleasure meeting you ÅE èπÿú≈ Åçö«ç.éÌEo éÌEo Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x °æJ-îª-ߪ’-¢Á’i† Éü¿l®Ω’ ´uèπ◊h©÷,Hi, Hi ûÓ ÆæJ-°-ô’d-éÓ-´îª’a. É™«.Sekhar: Praksh, meet my friend Bhanu.
Bhanu, thisis Prakash,my cousin.
Prakash: HiBhanu: HiÉçéÓ Nüμ¿ç:Rama: Hi
Sheriff, you haven't met Sasikanth, haveyou?
(¨¡P-é¬ç-û˝†’ ≠æK°∂ˇèπ◊ °æJ-îªßª’ç îËÆæ÷h) †’Nyç-ûªèπ◊´·çü¿’ ¨¡P-é¬ç-û˝†’ éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-™‰ü¿’ éπüΔ?
Sheriff: Oh, no, I haven't had the pleasure. HiSasikanth.
Rama: (Pointing to Sheriff) Sasikath, Sheriff,my friend.
Sasikanth: What a pleasure meeting you!(éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-†oç-ü¿’Èéçûª ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ÖçüÓ!)
FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH
What a pleasure meeting you!
