European Expression - Issue 50

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Ευρωπαική Έκφραση - Τεύχος 50

Transcript of European Expression - Issue 50

Page 1: European Expression - Issue 50
Page 2: European Expression - Issue 50
Page 3: European Expression - Issue 50

EYPø¶A´KH EKºPA™H ñ Ù. 50 ñ 3O TPIMHNO 2003

¶ E P I E X O M E N A 1

EYPø¶AIKH EKºPA™Hññ

TPIMHNIAIA EK¢O™H EYPø¶A.I.KOY ¶POB§HMATI™MOYETO™ I¢PY™H™: 1989 ñ ISSN: 1105-8137 ñ EURO 5 ñ ETO™ 13Ô ñ TEYXO™ 50 ñ π√À§π√™ - ∞À°√À™∆√™ - ™∂¶∆∂ªµƒπ√™ 2003

Editorial: ™‡ÓÙ·ÁÌ· ‹ ı¿Ó·ÙÔ˜ ·ÓÙ› ÁÈ· ÂıÓÈο ·˙¿ÚÈ· ................................3

√∏∂ & ¶∞°∫√™ªπ∞ ∞•π√¶ƒ∂¶∂π∞

SERGIO VIEIRA DE MELLO, ŒÓ·˜ ·ÍÈÔÚ‹˜ ÎfiÛÌÔ˜ .....................................................5

∂§§∞¢∞ & ºπ§∂§∂À£∂ƒπ™ª√™

¶∞¡√À ∫∞∑∞∫√À, ∏ ·Ú¿‰ÔÍË È‰ÂÔÏÔÁÈ΋ Î·È ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ ·ÙÔÓ›·ÙÔ˘ ÊÈÏÂÏ¢ıÂÚÈÛÌÔ‡ ÛÙË ÛËÌÂÚÈÓ‹ ∂ÏÏ¿‰· ..........................................................................10

∫∂¶∞∞

DUSAN SIDJANSKI, ∞ two - headed presidency and bicameral legislative power.................16

¶√§π∆π∫∏ ∂¡ø™∏ ∆∏™ ∂∂

¶. ∫. πø∞∫∂πªπ¢∏, ∆Ô ∂˘Úˆ·˚Îfi ™‡ÓÙ·ÁÌ· Î·È Ë √ÌÔÛÔÓ‰›·.....................................24

¢π∂ÀƒÀ¡™∏ ∆∏™ ∂∂

∫. ™∆∂º∞¡√À, ∏ ‰È·Î˘‚¤ÚÓËÛË Ù˘ ‰ÈÂ˘Ú˘Ì¤Ó˘ ¤ÓˆÛ˘.................................................26

ª∫√

∫. Ã∞∆∑∏¢∞∫∏, ª›· Á¤Ê˘Ú· ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙȘ µÚ˘Í¤ÏÏÂ˜Î·È ÙÔ˘˜ ∂˘Úˆ·›Ô˘˜ Ôϛ٘ ................................................................................................30

°À¡∞π∫∂™ & ∂∂

∞. ∫∞ƒ∞ª∞¡√À, Challenges facing women in european politics.........................................33

∫√π¡ø¡π∞ ¶√§π∆ø¡

ª. °π∞¡¡∞∫√À, √ ÚfiÏÔ˜ Ù˘ ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜ ÔÏÈÙÒÓ ..............................................................38

¶√§π∆π∫∏ √ƒ°∞¡ø™∏ ∆∏™ ∂∂

ª. π. ∆™π¡π™π∑∂§∏, ¢∏ª∏∆ƒ∏ ¡. ÃÀ™√Ã√√ÀÎ·È ¢. ∫. •∂¡∞∫∏, ¶ÔÈ· ¢È·Î˘‚¤ÚÓËÛË ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ∂˘ÚÒË; .................................................40

µπµ§π√¶∞ƒ√À™π∞™∏..............................................................................................46

¢ƒ∞™∆∏ƒπ√∆∏∆∂™ ∆∏™ ∂∫ºƒ∞™∏™ ...........................................................47

π¢π√∫∆∏™π∞:

∞ÛÙÈ΋ ÌË ÎÂÚ‰ÔÛÎÔÈ΋ ÂÙ·ÈÚ›· "∂˘Úˆ·˚΋ ∫ÔÈÓˆÓ›·, ¶ÔÏÈÙÈ΋, ŒÎÊÚ·ÛË, £ÂÛÌÔ›"

√Ì‹ÚÔ˘ 54, ∞ı‹Ó· 106 72∆ËÏ.: +30210 3643223 -4 ñ Fax: 3646953E-mail: [email protected]://www.ekfrasi.gr

∂∫¢√∆∏™ - À¶∂À£À¡√™™Àªºø¡∞ ª∂ ∆√ ¡√ª√:

¡›ÎÔ˜ °È·ÓÓ‹˜

™Àªµ√À§√™ ™À¡∆∞•∏™ ∫∞π ∂∫¢√™∏™:

N¿ÓÛ˘ B·ÛÈÏÔÔ‡ÏÔ˘

∞ƒÃπ™À¡∆∞∫∆∂™:

∫ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˜ ¢È·Ì·ÓÙ›ÎÔ˜∂ϤÓË ¢ÂÌ›ÚË¡›ÎÔ˜ πÙÛÈÓ¤˜

∂π¢π∫∏ ™À¡∂ƒ°∞∆∏™:

ª·Ú›· ªÔÏÔÓÙ˙¿ÎË

™À¡∂ƒ°∞∆∂™:

°ÂˆÚÁ›· AÛÙڷο ñ N¿ÓÛ˘ B·ÛÈÏÔÔ‡ÏÔ˘ ñµ·ÛÈÏÈ΋ °ÂˆÚÁÈ¿‰Ô˘ ñ ™Ù·‡ÚÔ˜ ∫Ô‡ÚÙ·Ï˘ñ M·Ú›Î· K·Ú·ÁÈ¿ÓÓË ñ KÒÛÙ·˜ §¿‚‰·˜ ñ¢ËÌÔÛı¤Ó˘ M·Ì̈ӿ˜ ñ AÓÙÔ˘·Ó¤ÙÙ· OÈ-ÎÔÓÔÌÔÔ‡ÏÔ˘ ñ °ÈÒÚÁÔ˜ ¶·ÁÔ˘Ï¿ÙÔ˜ ñ ÷-Ú¿Ï·ÌÔ˜ ¶··ÛˆÙËÚ›Ô˘ ñ £Âfi‰ˆÚÔ˜ ¶Â-Ï·Á›‰Ë˜ ñ X¿Ú˘ TÛÈÏÈÒÙ˘ ñ £fi‰ˆÚÔ˜ æ·Ï-ÏȉfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜ ñ ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚ˘ ÃÚ˘ÛÔ¯fiÔ˘

∂¶π™∆∏ª√¡π∫∏ ∂¶π∆ƒ√¶∏:

£·Ó¿Û˘ ¢È·Ì·ÓÙfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜ ñ ¶·Ó·ÁÈÒÙ˘ πˆ-·ÎÂÈÌ›‰Ë˜ ñ ¶¿ÓÔ˜ ∫·˙¿ÎÔ˜ ñ ∏Ï›·˜ ∫·ÙÛÔ‡-Ï˘ ñ ∞ÓÙÒÓ˘ ª·ÎÚ˘‰ËÌ‹ÙÚ˘ ñ ™Ù¤ÚÁÈÔ˜M·Ì·Ó¿Û˘ ñ °ÈÒÚÁÔ˜ ¶··‰ËÌËÙÚ›Ô˘ ñ∞ÚÁ‡Ú˘ ¶·ÛÛ¿˜ ñ ∫ˆÓ/ÓÔ˜ ™ÙÂÊ¿ÓÔ˘ ñ¶·‡ÏÔ˜ ∆˙ÂÚÌÈ¿˜ ñ Mȯ¿Ï˘ ∆ÛÈÓÈÛÈ˙¤Ï˘ ñ¡›ÎÔ˜ ºÚ·Áο΢

™Àªµ√À§√™ ∂∫¢√™∏™ - ¢∏ª√™π∂™ ™Ã∂™∂π™:

∞ϤͷӉÚÔ˜ §·ÎÂÚ‰¿˜ - À„ËÏ¿ÓÙ˘

ª∂∆∞ºƒ∞™∂π™:

µ. °Î¤Î· ñ ™Ù. ∫·Ú·ı¿ÓÔ˘ ñ ¶. ª·ÏÔÔ‡-ÏÔ˘ ñ ∞‰. ª·ÌԇϷ ñ B. ¶ÔÏ˘˙ˆ›‰Ë

∂¶πª∂§∂π∞ ∂∫¢√™∏™:

¶ÔÏÈÙÈο £¤Ì·Ù· ∂¶∂

™À¡∂ƒ°∞∆∂™ ™∆√ ∂•ø∆∂ƒπ∫√:

Eszter Almassy (µÔ˘‰·¤ÛÙË), ¡›ÎÔ˜ °È·Ó-Ó‹˜ (BڢͤϘ), Ã. ∑Ô˘ÌÔ‡Ï˘ (µÂÚÔÏ›ÓÔ),Ronald Meinardus (ª·Ó›Ï·), ™¿‚‚·˜ ¶··-Û¿‚‚·˜ (§Â˘ÎˆÛ›·), Camil Parvu (µÔ˘ÎÔ˘-Ú¤ÛÙÈ), Irina Pavlova (™ÎfiÈ·), Beata Plonka(√˘¿ÛÈÁÎÙÔÓ), Alessandro Stricca (ƒÒÌË), ¢.∆ÚÈ·ÓٷʇÏÏÔ˘ (µÚ˘Í¤ÏϘ), °. ÷Ù˙ËÌ·Ú-ο΢ (µfiÓÓË), °ÈÒÚÁÔ˜ ÷ÈÚ¤Ù˘ (µÂÏÈÁÚ¿-‰È), ¢. ÃÚÈÛÙfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜ (ªÚ›ÛÙÔÏ).

Page 4: European Expression - Issue 50

Editorial: Constitution or death instead of national bazaars .....................................................3

UN AND GLOBAL DIGNITY

S.V. Mello, A decent world ......................................................................................................5

GREECE AND LIBERALISM

P. KAZAKOS, The paradox of the ideological and political weaknessof liberalism in modern Greece. .............................................................................................10

CFSP

D. SIDZANSKI, At the heart of the European Constitution: A two - headedpresidency and bicameral legislative power. ............................................................................16

POLITICAL UNION OF THE EU

P.K. IOAKIMIDIS, The European Constitution and the Federation......................................24

THE ENTARGEMENT OF THE EU

K. STEFANOU, The goverment of the enlarged Union ........................................................26

NGO

K. XATZIDAKIS, NGO: a Bridge between Bruxelles and European citizens .........................30

WOMEN AND THE EU

A. KARAMANOU, Challenges facing women in european politics .......................................33

CIVIL SOCIETY

G. GIANNAKOU, Constructing the new Europe: the role of civil society.............................38

POLITICAL ORGANIZATION OF THE EU

M. TSINISIZELIS - D. XRYSSOCHOOU - D. XENAKIS,Which government for Europe? .............................................................................................40

BOOKS .............................................................................................................................46

EKFRASIS ACTIVITIES ............................................................................................47

2 C O N T E N T S

EYPø¶A´KH EKºPA™H ñ Ù. 50 ñ 3O TPIMHNO 2003

EVROPAIKI EKFRASSIQUARTERLY EDITION ON EUROPEAN ISSUES

FIRST PUBLISHED: 1989 ñ ISSN: 1105-8137 ñ EURO 5 ñ YEAR 13 ñ VOL. 50 JULY - AUGUST - SEPTEMBER 2003PROPRIETOR - EDITION:

"European Society, Politics, Expression,

Institutions", non Profit Making Company

54 Omirou St., Athens 106 72

Tel.: +30210 3643223-4 Fax: +30 1 3646953

E-mail: [email protected]

http://www.ekfrasi.gr

EDITOR - PUBLISHER BY LAW:

Nikos Yannis

EDITOR CONSULTANT:

Nancy Vasilopoulou

EDITORS IN CHIEF:

Konstantinos Diamantikos

Eleni Demiri

Nikos Itsines

∞SSISTANT EDITORS:

Maria Bolontzaki

REGULAR CONTRIBUTORS:

Georgia Astraka ñ Antuanetta

Ekonomopoulou ñ Vassiliki Georgiadou ñ

Stavros Kourtalis ñ Dimosthenis Mammonas ñ

Marika Karayanni ñ Kostas Lavdas ñ George

Pagoulatos ñ Ch. Papassotiriou ñ Thodoros

Psalidopoulos ñSylvia Tsaglioti ñ H. Tsiliotis ñ

Nancy Vasilopoulou, Dimitris Chryssochou

ADVISORY COMMITTEE:

Stergios Babanasis ñ Thanasis

Diamandopoulos ñ Nikos Frangakis ñ

Panayotis Ioakimidis ñ Ilias Katsoulis ñ

Panos Kazakos ñ Antonis Makrydemetres ñ

Yiorgos Papadimitriou ñ Argiris Passas ñ

Konstantinos Stefanou ªichalis Tsinisizelis ñ

Pavlos Tzermias

ADVISOR - PUBLIC RELATIONS:

Alexandros Lakerdas–Ypsiladis

TRANSLATIONS:

ñ A. Baboula ñ P. Balopoulou ñ V. Geka ñ St.

Karathanou ñ V. Polyzoidi

TECHNICAL ADVISOR:

Politika Themata Inc.

CORRESPONDENTS ABROAD:

Eszter Almassy (Budapest) ñ G.

Chatzimarkakis (Bonn) ñ D. Christopoulos

(Bristol) ñ Yorgos Heretis (Belgrade) ñ Irina

Pavlova (Skopja) ñ Ronald Meinardus (Manila)

ñ Savas Papassavas (Nikosia) ñ Camil Parvu

(Bucarest) ñ Beata Plonka (Washington) ñ

Alessandro Stricca (Rome) ñ D. Triantafyllou

(Brussels) ñ Nikos Yannis (Brussels) ñ Ch.

Zoumboulis (Berlin),

Page 5: European Expression - Issue 50

M ÙÔÓ Ù›ÙÏÔ «∞ÓÔȯً ÂÈÛÙÔÏ‹ ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓÂ˘Úˆ·˚΋ ÎÔÈÓ‹ ÁÓÒÌË» ‰È·ÎfiÛȘ ÚÔ-ÛˆÈÎfiÙËÙ˜ Ù˘ ¶Ôψӛ·˜ ‰ËÏÒÓÔ˘Ó ÙȘË̤Ú˜ ·˘Ù¤˜ ¤ÙÔÈÌÔÈ Ó· ˘Ô‚ÏËıÔ‡Ó ÛÂı˘Û›Â˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ∂˘ÚÒË. «∂Ì›˜, ÔÈ ÔÏ›ÙÂ˜Ô˘ ˘ÔÁÚ¿ÊÔ˘ÌÂ, ÔÈ ÔÔ›ÔÈ ˘ÔÛÙËڛͷÌÂ

ÙËÓ ¤ÓÙ·ÍË Ù˘ ¶Ôψӛ·˜ ÛÙËÓ ∂∂, ÂÈı˘Ìԇ̠ӷ ÂÎ-ÊÚ¿ÛÔ˘Ì ÙËÓ ¿Ô„Ë Ì·˜ Û¯ÂÙÈο Ì ÙË ÌÔÚÊ‹ ÙÔ˘∂˘Úˆ·˚ÎÔ‡ ™˘ÓÙ¿ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜. ∞ÔÊ·Û›Û·Ì ӷ ÌÈÏ‹ÛÔ˘-ÌÂ, ÁÈ·Ù› ÔÈ ÁÓÒ̘ Ì·˜ ‰ÂÓ ÂÎÚÔÛˆÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ¶Ô-ψÓÈ΋ µÔ˘Ï‹ Ô‡Ù ÛÙ· ΢ÚÈfiÙÂÚ· ªª∂. ªª∂ Î·È Ô-ÏÈÙÈÎÔ› Ì¿˜ ı¤ÙÔ˘Ó ÂÓÒÈÔÓ ÙÔ˘ ‰ÈÏ‹ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜: «¡›Î·È· ‹ı¿Ó·ÙÔ˜» Ì ·Ú·ÈÔ‡˜ ÌfiÓÔ ˘·ÈÓÈÁÌÔ‡˜ fiÙÈ Î¿ÔÈ·ÌÔÚÊ‹ Û˘Ì‚È‚·ÛÌÔ‡ ÌÔÚ› Ó· Â›Ó·È ‰˘Ó·Ù‹. ∏ ÚËÙÔÚÈ-΋ Ù˘ ÂıÓÈ΋˜ ÂÈÙ˘¯›·˜, Ô˘ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÂ›Ù·È ·fi fi-Ï· Ù· ÔÏÈÙÈο ÎfiÌÌ·Ù·, ·fi ÙËÓ ¿ÎÚ· ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ¿ ̤¯ÚÈÙËÓ ¿ÎÚ· ‰ÂÍÈ¿, ¤¯ÂÈ ÂÈÛÎÈ¿ÛÂÈ ÙÔ ÈÔ ‚·ÛÈÎfi ÁÂÁÔ-Ófi˜: fiÙÈ ÙÔ ∂˘Úˆ·˚Îfi ™‡ÓÙ·ÁÌ· Â›Ó·È ¤Ó· ·ÎfiÌË ‚‹Ì·ÛÙÔÓ ‰ÚfiÌÔ ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ Â˘Úˆ·˚΋ ÔÏÔÎÏ‹ÚˆÛË. ∂ÍÂÏ›-ÍÂȘ ÙȘ Ôԛ˜ ÂÌ›˜ ıˆÚԇ̠ˆ˜ ıÂÙÈΤ˜ –Ë ÔÈÎÔ‰fi-ÌËÛË ÎÔÈÓÒÓ ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎÒÓ ıÂÛÌÒÓ, Ô ÂΉËÌÔÎÚ·ÙÈÛÌfi˜,Ë ¤ÓˆÛË ÎÚ·ÙÒÓ Û ¤Ó·Ó ÔÚÁ·ÓÈÛÌfi, Î·È Ë ·ÔÚÚ¤Ô˘-Û· ·Ó¿‰˘ÛË ÌÈ·˜ ÎÔÈÓ‹˜ Â˘Úˆ·˚΋˜ ‰ËÌfiÛÈ·˜ ÛÊ·›-Ú·˜- ·˘Ù¤˜ ÔÈ ÂÍÂÏ›ÍÂȘ ÚÔ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙ·È Û ÂÌ¿˜ ˆ˜ ÌÈ·ÚÔÊ·Ó‹˜ ·ÂÈÏ‹. ™‡Ìʈӷ Ì fiϘ ÙȘ ›ÛË̘ ÙÔ-ÔıÂÙ‹ÛÂȘ, Ë ‰È·Ù‹ÚËÛË ÙˆÓ Û˘ÌʈÓÈÒÓ Ô˘ ÂÈÙ‡-¯ıËÎ·Ó ÛÙË ¡›Î·È· Â›Ó·È ·Ôχو˜ ·Ó·Áη›· ÁÈ· Ù·Û˘ÌʤÚÔÓÙ· Ì·˜, Î·È Ë ÂıÓÈ΋ Ì·˜ Ù·˘ÙfiÙËÙ· ··ÈÙ›ӷ ˘ÔÛÙËÚ›ÍÔ˘Ì ¤Ó· ¶ÚÔÔ›ÌÈÔ ÛÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ı· ‰›ÓÂٷȤÌÊ·ÛË ÛÙÔÓ ÚfiÏÔ ÙˆÓ ÃÚÈÛÙÈ·ÓÈÎÒÓ ·ÍÈÒÓ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋ ·Ú¿‰ÔÛË.

£¤ÏÔ˘Ì ÌÈ· ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈ΋ ∂˘ÚÒË. £¤ÏÔ˘Ì ÌÈ·∂˘ÚÒË Ô˘ ˘ÔÛÙËÚ›˙ÂÈ ÎÔÈÓ¤˜ ·Í›Â˜ –fiˆ˜ Ë ÂÏ¢-ıÂÚ›·, Ë ÈÛfiÙËÙ· Î·È Ë ·ÏÏËÏÂÁÁ‡Ë- ·ÏÏ¿ ‰ÂÓ ·ÈÛı¿ÓÂ-Ù·È ÙËÓ ·Ó¿ÁÎË Ó· ÔÓÔÌ·Ù›ÛÂÈ ÙȘ ËÁ¤˜ ÙÔ˘˜, ÁÈ·Ù› ‰ÂÓÂÈı˘Ì› Ó· ·ÔÍÂÓÒÛÂÈ ‹ Ó· ·ÔÎÏ›ÛÂÈ Î·Ó¤Ó·Ó. £¤-ÏÔ˘Ì ÌÈ· ∂˘ÚÒË Ë ÔÔ›· Ó· Â›Ó·È ÔÏÈÙÈÎÒ˜ ÈÛ¯˘Ú‹,Ó· ‰ÈÔÈÎÂ›Ù·È ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈο, Î·È ·ÔÊ·ÛÈṲ̂ÓË ÁÈ·ÙËÓ ÂÓfiÙËÙ· Ù˘ –ÁÈ·Ù› ·˘Ùfi˜ Â›Ó·È Ô ÌfiÓÔ˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ÚÔÎÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘ Ó· ÂÏÂÁ¯ı› Ë ÌÔÓfiÏ¢ÚË ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈ΋·ÁÎÔÛÌÈÔÔ›ËÛË. ¢ÂÓ ı¤ÏÔ˘ÌÂ Ô ÚfiÏÔ˜ Ì·˜ ÛÙËÓ Â-ӈ̤ÓË ∂˘ÚÒË Ó· Â›Ó·È ¤Ó·˜ ÚfiÏÔ˜ ÂÌÔ‰›Ô˘ ÛÙËÓ Ô-ÏÔÎÏ‹ÚˆÛË, ¤Ó· ۇ̂ÔÏÔ Û˘ÓÙËÚËÙÈÛÌÔ‡ Î·È ·ÙÔÌÈ-ÛÙÈ΋˜ ȉȷÈÙÂÚfiÙËÙ·˜. ∞ÓËÛ˘¯Ô‡Ì ‚·ıÈ¿ fiÙÈ ÙÔ Ó··ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÙ·È ÙÔ Û˘ÌʤÚÔÓ Ì·˜ ˆ˜ ·ÓÙ›ıÂÙÔ ÚÔ˜·˘Ùfi Ù˘ ∂˘ÚÒ˘ ‰ÂÓ ˘ËÚÂÙ› ÙÔ Î·Ïfi Ì·˜. ºÔ‚fi-Ì·ÛÙ fiÙÈ, ηٿ Û˘Ó¤ÂÈ·, Ë ∂˘ÚÒË ÌÔÚ› Ó· ¯ˆÚÈ-ÛÙ› ÛÙ· ‰‡Ô: ÌÈ· Âӈ̤ÓË ÔÌ¿‰· ‰˘Ó·ÌÈο ·Ó·Ù˘Û-ÛÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ ÎÚ·ÙÒÓ, Î·È ÌÈ· ÂÚÈıˆÚȷ΋ ÔÌ¿‰· Ô˘ ·-ÓÙÈÛÙ¤ÎÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ÔÏÔÎÏ‹ÚˆÛË –ÊÔ‚fiÌ·ÛÙ ̋ˆ˜‚ÚÂıԇ̠۠·˘Ùfi ÙÔ ÂÚÈıÒÚÈÔ.

∫·È ÚÔÛ‚Ï¤Ô˘ÌÂ Ë ¿Ô„Ë Ì·˜ Ó· ÏËÊı› ˘fi„Ë,fiˆ˜ Î·È fiϘ ÔÈ ¿ÏϘ.»

™ÙȘ ∂˘ÚˆÂÎÏÔÁ¤˜ ÙÔ˘ 1994 Ë ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋ ŒÎÊÚ·-ÛË ÚˆÙÔÛÙ·ÙÔ‡ÛÂ, Ì ÌÈ· ·ÓÔȯً ÂÈÛÙÔÏ‹ Ô˘ Â-

ÛÙ¿ÏË Û fiÏÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ∂˘Úˆ‚Ô˘ÏÂ˘Ù¤˜, Û ÌÈ· ÚÔÛ¿-ıÂÈ· Ô˘ ÙfiÙ ʷÈÓfiÙ·Ó Î·Ù·‰ÈηṲ̂ÓË, Ó· ˆı‹ÛÂÈÙËÓ ∂ÏÏ¿‰· Ù·¯‡ÙÂÚ· ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ∂˘ÚÒË Î·È ÙËÓ ∂˘ÚÒ-Ë Ù·¯‡ÙÂÚ· ÚÔ˜ Ù· ÂÌÚfi˜, ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ ¤Óˆ-ÛË, ÂÁηٷÏ›ÔÓÙ·˜ ÙȘ ·ÛÊ˘ÎÙÈο ÂÚÈÔÚÈÛÙÈΤ˜ ıÂ-ˆÚ‹ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ÏÂÁfiÌÂÓÔ˘ ÂıÓÈÎÔ‡ Û˘ÌʤÚÔÓÙÔ˜, Û ›-ÛÌ· ÙˆÓ Â·ÁÁÂÏÌ·ÙÈÒÓ Ù˘ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜ Î·È ÙˆÓ ··-ÓÙ·¯Ô‡ «ÂÌfiÚˆÓ ÙˆÓ ÂıÓÒÓ». ∫È fï˜ Û ›ÛÌ· fi-ÛˆÓ ıˆÚÔ‡Ó ˆ˜ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ Â›Ó·È Ë Ù¤¯ÓË ÙÔ˘ ÂÊÈÎÙÔ‡,·fi Ù· ̤۷ Ù˘ ‰ÂηÂÙ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ ’90 Ë ∂ÏÏ¿‰· Û˘ÓˆÌÔ-Ù› Ú¿ÁÌ·ÙÈ Ì ÙÔ, ÙÂÏÈÎÒ˜ ÂÊÈÎÙfi, Â˘Úˆ·˚Îfi fiÓÂÈ-ÚÔ Î·È ‰‡ÛÎÔÏ· ı· ·ÏÏ¿ÍÂÈ ÙÚԯȿ fiÔÈ· ¤Î‚·ÛË ÎÈ ·Ó¤¯Ô˘Ó ÔÈ ÂfiÌÂÓ˜ ÂıÓÈΤ˜ ÂÎÏÔÁ¤˜. ∏ ·ÏÁÂÈÓ‹ ÔÏÈÙÈ-΋ ηٿÛÙ·ÛË ÛÙËÓ ¶Ôψӛ· fiˆ˜ ÂÚÈÁÚ¿ÊÂÙ·È ·-Ú·¿Óˆ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ı·ÚÚ·Ï¤Ô˘˜ Ôϛ٘ Ù˘ Ó¤·˜ ·˘-Ù‹˜ ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜, ÙÔ˘ Ó¤Ô˘ ̤ÏÔ˘˜ Ù˘ ∂∂, ‰ÂÓ ·¤¯ÂÈÎ·È Ôχ ·fi ÙËÓ ∂ÏÏ¿‰· Ù˘ ‰ÂηÂÙ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ ’80 Ô˘‰ÂÓ ı¤ÏÔ˘Ì ӷ ı˘ÌfiÌ·ÛÙÂ. ªÂ ÙȘ ·ÚÂÌ‚¿ÛÂȘ Ì·˜Î·Ù¿ ÙË ‰ÂηÂÙ›· Ô˘ ·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛ ÙÔ ¤ÙÔ˜-ÛÙ·ıÌfi1989, ηٷ‚¿ÏÏ·Ì ̷˙› Ì ÙÔ ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ ÎfiÛÙÔ˜, ÌÈ·ÚÔÛ¿ıÂÈ· Ó· ‰ÒÛÔ˘Ì ÛÙÔ Â˘Úˆ·˚Îfi ÎÔÈÓfi ÙËÓ ÂÈ-ÎfiÓ· ÌÈ·˜ ¿ÏÏ˘ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·˜ ·fi ·˘Ù‹Ó Ù˘ ›ÛËÌ˘∂ÏÏ¿‰·˜, fiÔ˘ fiϘ ۯ‰fiÓ ÔÈ ÔÏÈÙÈΤ˜ ‰˘Ó¿ÌÂȘ Û˘-ÓˆıÔ‡ÓÙ·Ó Á‡Úˆ ·fi ÙËÓ ˙ÒÓË ÙÔ˘ ÂÌ¿ÚÁÎÔ ÂÓ·-ÓÙ›ÔÓ Ù˘ ¶°¢ Ù˘ ª·Î‰ÔÓ›·˜ Î·È ÛÙ‹ÚÈ˙·Ó ÙÔÓ™Ï.ªÈÏfiÛ‚ÈÙ˜ Û˘ÛÂÈÚÒÓÔÓÙ·˜ ÔÏfiÎÏËÚË ÙËÓ ∂˘ÚÒ-Ë ÂÓ·ÓÙ›ÔÓ Ì·˜. ¢ÂÓ ‹Ù·Ó Ë ‰È΋ Ì·˜ ∂ÏÏ¿‰· ·˘Ù‹Ô˘ ÛȈԇÛ ‹, fiˆ˜ οÔÈÔÈ «Û˘ÌÔϛ٘» Ì·˜, Û˘-Ó·ÈÓÔ‡ÛÂ, ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈ˙ ‹ ·ÎfiÌË Î·È Û˘Ó¤Ú·ÙÙ ÛÙËÛÊ·Á‹ Ù˘ ™ÚÂÌÚ¤ÓÈÙÛ·, ÛÙÔ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ ¤ÁÎÏËÌ·Ô˘ Û˘Ó¤‚Ë ÌÂÙ¿ ÙÔÓ ‚’ ·ÁÎfiÛÌÈÔ fiÏÂÌÔ ÛÙËÓ ∂˘-ÚÒË Î·È ·˜ ÂÏ›ÛÔ˘ÌÂ Î·È ÙÔ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô. ∂Ì›˜ ‹Ú·-Ì ı¤ÛË ˘¤Ú Ù˘ ÛÂÚ‚È΋˜ ·ÓÙÈÔÏ›Ù¢Û˘ ‰ÈÔÚÁ·ÓÒ-ÓÔÓÙ·˜ Ì Ôχ ÎfiÔ Î·È Î›Ó‰˘ÓÔ Û˘Ó·˘Ï›· ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈ-͢ Ù˘ ÛÙË £ÂÛÛ·ÏÔÓ›ÎË ÛÙȘ 16 ™ÂÙÂÌ‚Ú›Ô˘ 2000ÙÚÂȘ Ë̤Ú˜ ÚÈÓ ÙȘ ÂÎÏÔÁ¤˜ Ô˘ Û‹Ì·Ó·Ó ÙËÓ ·Ú¯‹ÙÔ˘ Ù¤ÏÔ˘˜ ÂÔ¯‹˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Ôχ·ıË ·˘Ù‹ ¯ÒÚ· ηÈÙ· µ·ÏοÓÈ· ÎÈ ÂÓÒ ÔÈ ÈÔ ÌÂÙÚÈÔ·ı›˜ ÛÙËÓ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·‹Ù·Ó ÔÈ «Ú·ÏÈÛÙ¤˜» Ô˘, ¯¿ÚÈÓ ÙˆÓ Î˘ÓÈÎÒÓ ˘ÔÏÔÁÈ-ÛÌÒÓ Ù˘ ÌË ·Ó¿ÌÈ͢, ÌÈ·˜ «ÂıÓÈ΋˜» ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜ ¯ˆÚ›˜·Ú¯¤˜, ·ÏÒ˜ ÎÚ·ÙÔ‡Û·Ó ¿ÏÈ ÎÏÂÈÛÙfi ÙÔ ÛÙfiÌ· ÙÔ˘˜.

∞fi ÙÔ 1995 Ë ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋ ŒÎÊÚ·ÛË Â›Ó·È Ë ÌfiÓËÂÏÏËÓÈ΋ ÔÚÁ¿ÓˆÛË Ô˘ Û˘ÌÌÂÙ¤¯ÂÈ ÂÓÂÚÁ¿ ·fi ÙËÓ ›-‰Ú˘ÛË ÙÔ˘, ÛÙȘ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ˜ Î·È ÙȘ ·ÚÂÌ‚¿ÛÂȘÙÔ˘ ¢È·ÚÎÔ‡˜ ºfiÚÔ˘Ì Ù˘ ∫ÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜ ¶ÔÏÈÙÒÓ Ì ¤‰Ú·ÙȘ µÚ˘Í¤ÏϘ. ∆Ô ∂˘Úˆ·˚Îfi ™‡ÓÙ·ÁÌ·, Ì·ÎÚÔ¯ÚfiÓÈ·‰ÈÂΉ›ÎËÛË fiÏˆÓ ÂÌ¿˜ ÙˆÓ ÊÂÓÙÂÚ·ÏÈÛÙÒÓ, ¤Ó·˜ ¿Ï-ÏÔ˜ ÛÙfi¯Ô˜ Ô˘ Ê¿ÓÙ·˙ ÚÔÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi˜ Î·È ·Ó¤ÊÈÎÙÔ˜ÁÈ· ÙÔ˘˜ ŒÏÏËÓ˜ «Ú·ÏÈÛÙ¤˜» ÌfiÓÔ ‰‡Ô ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ÚÈÓfiÙ·Ó ÛÙÔ §¿ÂÎÂÓ ‰ÈÓfiÙ·Ó Ë ÂÓÙÔÏ‹ ÛÙË ™˘Ó¤Ï¢ÛË Ó·ÍÂÎÈÓ‹ÛÂÈ ÙÔ ¤ÚÁÔ Ù˘, ·›ÚÓÂÈ ÛÙȘ ̤Ú˜ Ì·˜ Û¿ÚÎ·Î·È ÔÛÙ¿, ¤ÛÙˆ ˆ˜ ¤Ó· lato sensu ™‡ÓÙ·ÁÌ· Ì ÌÂÁ¿ÏËfï˜ Û˘Ì‚ÔÏÈ΋ ·Í›·. ∏ ÔÈfiÙËÙ· Ù˘ ˘ÂÚÂıÓÈ΋˜ ˘-

EYPø¶A´KH EKºPA™H ñ Ù. 50 ñ 3O TPIMHNO 2003

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™‡ÓÙ·ÁÌ· ‹ ı¿Ó·ÙÔ˜·ÓÙ› ÁÈ· ÂıÓÈο ·˙¿ÚÈ·

Page 6: European Expression - Issue 50

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EYPø¶A´KH EKºPA™H ñ Ù. 50 ñ 3O TPIMHNO 2003

¤Ú‚·Û˘ Ô˘ ·˘Ùfi ÂÎÚÔۈ› ı· ÚÔÛ‰ÈÔÚÈÛı›ÙÂÏÈÎÒ˜ ·fi ÙËÓ ÈηÓfiÙËÙ· ‹ ÙËÓ ·‰˘Ó·Ì›· Ù˘ Â˘Úˆ-·˚΋˜ ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜ ÔÏÈÙÒÓ Ó· ˘ÂÚ·ÛÈÛı› ÙÔ ÎÂÎÙË-̤ÓÔ Ù˘ ™˘Ó¤Ï¢Û˘, Ô˘ ·Ó Î·È ·ÙÂϤ˜ ÛÙÔ ÛÙ¿‰ÈÔ·˘Ùfi ÚÔÔÚ›˙ÂÙ·È Ó· Ô‰ËÁ‹ÛÂÈ ÙÂÏÈÎÒ˜ Û ÌÈ· ÔÌÔ-ÛÔӉȷ΋ ÔÏÈÙ›·. ∞˘Ù‹Ó Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ ÂÈı˘ÌÔ‡Ó ÔÈ Â-Úȯ·Ú·ÎÒÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ ÂıÓÈÎÒÓ ∫˘‚ÂÚÓ‹ÛÂˆÓ Î·È ÎÔÌÌ¿-ÙˆÓ Ô˘ ı· ·ÓÙÈÛÙ·ıÔ‡Ó Ì¤¯ÚÈ Ù¤ÏÔ˘˜ ÂÈηÏÔ‡ÌÂ-Ó˜ ÙÔ Î›‚‰ËÏÔ fiÓÔÌ· ÙÔ˘ Â˘Úˆ·˚ÛÌÔ‡ ·ÓÙ› ÙÔ˘ ÊÂ-ÓÙÂÚ·ÏÈÛÌÔ‡, Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ ·Ó¤¯ÔÓÙ·È ÙËÓ ·ÓÂÍ·ÚÙËÙÔÔ›-ËÛË ÙÔ˘ ÎÔÈÓÔ‡ Â˘Úˆ·˚ÎÔ‡ Û˘ÌʤÚÔÓÙÔ˜ Î·È Ù·˘Ùfi-ÙËÙ·˜ ·fi ÙȘ ÂıÓÈΤ˜ ‰Ô˘Ï›˜, Ë ÂÏ›Ù ÙˆÓ ÔÔ›ˆÓ‚ϤÂÈ ÙËÓ ∂˘ÚÒË ÌfiÓÔ ÛÙÔÓ ‚·ıÌfi Ô˘ ·˘Ù‹ Û˘-ÓÙËÚ› Î·È ·Ó··Ú¿ÁÂÈ ÙË ‰È΋ ÙÔ˘˜ ΢ÚÈ·Ú¯›·, ÁÈ·ÙËÓ ÙÈÌ‹ ÙÔ˘ Ï·Ô‡ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ¤ıÓÔ˘˜ ‚‚·›ˆ˜….

™‹ÌÂÚ· ∂ÏÏ¿‰· Î·È ∂˘ÚÒË Â›Ó·È ·ÓÙÈ̤و˜ ÌÂ

ÙÔ ‰›ÏËÌÌ·: ∂˘Úˆ·˚Îfi ™‡ÓÙ·ÁÌ· ‹ ∂˘ÚÒË ‰ÈÂÏ΢-ÛÙ›Ó‰· Î·È Û˘Ì›ÏËÌ· ÂıÓÈÎÒÓ Û˘ÌÊÂÚfiÓÙˆÓ. ∂˘Úˆ-·˚Îfi Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ÂıÓÈÎfi ‹ ÂıÓÈÎfi Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ∂˘Úˆ·˚Îfi;∫·È ·Ó Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ∂˘Úˆ·˚Îfi, ÔÈÔ Â›Ó·È ·˘Ùfi; ªÈ· ∂˘-ÚÒË ÚÔÛٷ٢ÙÈÎfi Î·È ·Ó·‰È·ÓÂÌËÙÈÎfi ˘ÂÚ-ÎÚ¿-ÙÔ˜, ÌÈ· ÁȷΈ‚ÈÓÈÛÙÈ΋ ∂˘ÚÒË Ì ÊÈÏÔ‰Ô͛˜ ÌÈ·˜¿ÏÏ˘ ·Ï·˙ÔÓÈ΋˜ Î·È ·ÓÂͤÏÂÁÎÙ˘ ˘ÂÚ‰‡Ó·ÌË˜Û˘ÁÎ·Ï˘Ì̤Ó˜ ›Ûˆ ·fi ÌÈ· ÚËÙÔÚÈ΋ ÂÚ› ‰ÈÂıÓÔ‡˜ÔÏ˘Ì¤ÚÂÈ·˜ ‹ ÌÈ· ÊÈÏÂχıÂÚË ÔÌÔÛÔÓ‰›·, Ì ÚÔ-ÌÂÙˆ›‰· ÙËÓ ÂÓfiÙËÙ· ̤۷ ·fi ÙË ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·,Ì ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈ΋ ¢ËÌÂÚ›· Î·È ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ·˜ ‰ÈÂıÓÔ‡˜ ÂÈ-Ú‹Ó˘, ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘, ÂÏ¢ıÂÚ›·˜ Î·È ÛÙ·ıÂÚfiÙËÙ·˜;

ŒÙÛÈ, ˘ÂÚ·ÛÈ˙fiÌÂÓÔÈ ÙȘ ȉ¤Â˜ Ì·˜ ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ÙËÓÔÏ˘ÊˆÓ›· Î·È ÙË ıˆÚËÙÈ΋ ÁÓÒÛË, «È¿Û·Ì» Ù·50 Ù‡¯Ë Î·È Û˘Ó¯›˙Ô˘ÌÂ.

¡›ÎÔ˜ °È·ÓÓ‹˜

50 Ù‡¯Ë ÂÚÈÔ‰ÈÎÔ‡15 ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋ ŒÎÊÚ·ÛË

∆Ô ÂÚÈÔ‰ÈÎfi “∂˘Úˆ·˚΋ ŒÎÊÚ·ÛË” Â›Ó·È Ì›·ÙÚÈÌËÓÈ·›· ¤Î‰ÔÛË Â˘Úˆ·˚ÎÔ‡ ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ·ÙÈ-ÛÌÔ‡ Ô˘ ·Â˘ı‡ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ˘˜ ∂˘Úˆ·›Ô˘˜Ôϛ٘ – Ôϛ٘ ÙÔ˘ ÎfiÛÌÔ˘, ÛÙËÓ ·Î·‰Ë-Ì·˚΋ ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ·, ÙÔ˘˜ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡˜ ÙÔ˘ ‰ËÌÔ-

Û›Ô˘ ‚›Ô˘ Î·È ÙˆÓ ªª∂, ÙÔÓ È‰ÈˆÙÈÎfi ÙÔ̤·, Ì ÛÎÔfiÙfiÛÔ ÙËÓ ÚÔÒıËÛË Ù˘ Â˘Úˆ·˚΋˜ ÂÓÔÔ›ËÛ˘, fiÛÔÎ·È ÙËÓ ÎÚÈÙÈ΋ ıÂÒÚËÛË Ù˘ ‰È·‰Èηۛ·˜ ÔÏÔÎÏ‹ÚˆÛ˘,ÙËÓ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË Î·È ÎÈÓËÙÔÔ›ËÛË Ù˘ ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜ ÔÏÈÙÒÓÎ·È ÙËÓ ÚÔÛ·ÚÌÔÁ‹ Ù˘ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·˜ ÛÙËÓ ÔÚ›· ·˘Ù‹. ∏¤Î‰ÔÛË Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈÂ›Ù·È Ù·ÎÙÈο ·fi ÙÔ 1990 ÌÂ Û˘-ÓÙÂÏÂÛÙ¤˜ Ó¤Ô˘˜ ÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÔÓ˜, Ó¤Ô˘˜ ÂÓÂÚÁÔ‡˜ ∂˘Úˆ-·›Ô˘˜ Ôϛ٘, Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ‰ËÌÔÛÈÔÁÚ¿ÊÔÈ Î·È Ô˘ ËÂÚÁ·Û›· ÙÔ˘˜ ÚÔÛʤÚÂÙ·È Û ÂıÂÏÔÓÙÈ΋ ‚¿ÛË. ∆Ô Â-ÚÈÔ‰ÈÎfi ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È Î·È Û˘ÓÂÚÁ¿˙ÂÙ·È Ì ÙË ªË ∫˘‚ÂÚ-ÓËÙÈ΋ √ÚÁ¿ÓˆÛË ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋ ŒÎÊÚ·ÛË ‰È·ÙËÚÒÓÙ·˜ ˆ-ÛÙfiÛÔ ÙËÓ ·˘ÙÔÓÔÌ›· ÙÔ˘.

ªÂ ÙÔ Ù‡¯Ô˜ ·˘Ùfi Û˘ÌÏËÚÒÓÔ˘Ì ·ÈÛ›ˆ˜ Ù· ÂÓ‹-ÓÙ· Ù‡¯Ë ̆ ÂÚ‚·›ÓÔÓÙ·˜ Ôχ Èı·ÓfiÓ Î·È ÙȘ ÈÔ ·ÈÛÈfi-‰Ô͘ ÚÔÛ‰Ô˘ ÙfiÛÔ ÙˆÓ ·Ú¯ÈÎÒÓ ·Ó·ÁÓˆÛÙÒÓ fiÛÔÎ·È ÙˆÓ ›‰ÈˆÓ ÙˆÓ ·Ú¯ÈÎÒÓ Û˘ÓÙÂÏÂÛÙÒÓ ÙÔ˘. ŸÌˆ˜ ÛË-Ì·Û›· ‰ÂÓ ¤¯ÂÈ ÌfiÓÔÓ fiÙÈ Êı¿Û·Ì ̤¯ÚȘ ‰Ò, ·ÏÏ¿ ·-ÎfiÌË ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ Ë ıÂÚÌ‹ ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈÍË fiÏˆÓ fiÛˆÓ Û˘-ÓÂÚÁ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È Î·È ˘ÔÛÙËÚ›˙Ô˘Ó ÙÔ ÂÚÈÔ‰ÈÎfi, Ë ·Ó·ÁÓÒ-ÚÈÛË Î·È Ë ÂÎÙ›ÌËÛË ÙˆÓ ·Ó·ÁÓˆÛÙÒÓ ÙÔ˘, Ô Û‚·ÛÌfi˜Ô˘ ¤¯ÂÈ ÂÌÓ‡ÛÂÈ ÛÙËÓ Î·Ù’ ·Ó¿ÁÎËÓ ÂÚÈÔÚÈṲ̂ÓË ·Ï-Ï¿ ¿ÓÙˆ˜ ÛÊÚÈÁËÏ‹ Î·È ‰È¢ڢÓfiÌÂÓË ÂȉÈ΋ «·ÁÔÚ¿»fiÔ˘ ·Â˘ı‡ÓÂÙ·È Î·È ‚‚·›ˆ˜ Ë ÂÔ›ıËÛË fiÏˆÓ ÙˆÓÛ˘ÓÙÂÏÂÛÙÒÓ ÙÔ˘ fiÙÈ ÌÔÚԇ̠ӷ ÚÔÛʤÚÔ˘Ì ÂÚÈÛ-ÛfiÙÂÚ·.

∆Ô Ù‡¯Ô˜ ·˘Ùfi ÛÎÂÊı‹Î·Ì ‰›ÎËÓ ÂÂÙ›Ԣ Ó· ·ÊÈÂ-Úˆı› ÛÙȘ ÔÈÎÔ˘ÌÂÓÈΤ˜ ·Í›Â˜ Ô˘ ˘Ô‰·˘Ï›˙Ô˘Ó ÙˉڿÛË Ì·˜, ÛÙËÓ ÔÚ›· Ù˘ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·˜ ÛÙËÓ ∂˘ÚÒË,

ÙÔÓ ÚfiÏÔ Ù˘ ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜ ÔÏÈÙÒÓ, Î·È ÙË Û˘ÓÂÈÛÊÔÚ¿ÙˆÓ ªË ∫˘‚ÂÚÓËÙÈÎÒÓ √ÚÁ·ÓÒÛÂˆÓ fiˆ˜ Ë ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋ŒÎÊÚ·ÛË. ∑ËÙ‹Û·Ì ÏÔÈfiÓ Î·È ÂÍ·Ûʷϛ۷̠ΛÌÂÓ··fi ÚfiÛˆ· Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‰È·ÎÚÈı› fiÛÔÓ ·ÊÔÚ¿ ÙË ‰È·-ÌfiÚʈÛË Ù˘ ÔÚ›·˜ Ù˘ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·˜ ÛÙÔÓ Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓÔ Îfi-ÛÌÔ, Ô˘ Û˘ÌÌÂÙ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÓÂÚÁ¿ ÛÙË ‰È·ÌfiÚʈÛË ÙÔ˘ ¢-Úˆ·˚ÎÔ‡ ̤ÏÏÔÓÙÔ˜ Ù˘ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·˜ fiÛÔ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ÂÏÏËÓÈ-ÎÔ‡ ̤ÏÏÔÓÙÔ˜ Ù˘ ∂˘ÚÒ˘. ªÈ· ÂÌÓ¢Ṳ̂ÓË ÔÌÈÏ›·ÁÈ· ¤Ó·Ó ·ÍÈÔÚ‹ ÎfiÛÌÔ ÙÔ˘ ·‰ÈÎÔ¯·Ì¤ÓÔ˘ ÚfiÛÊ·-Ù· S.V.De Mello, ÂÈÎÂÊ·Ï‹˜ ÙÔ˘ √∏∂ ÛÙË µ·Á‰¿ÙË Ô˘¤ÂÛ ˘¤Ú Ù˘ ·ÁÎfiÛÌÈ·˜ Û˘ÓÂÓÓfiËÛ˘, ¢ËÌÂÚ›·˜Î·È ÂÏ¢ıÂÚ›·˜, Ì›· ȉȷ›ÙÂÚ· ‡ÛÙÔ¯Ë ·Ú¤Ì‚·ÛË ÙԢηıËÁËÙ‹ ¶.∫·˙¿ÎÔ˘ Û¯ÂÙÈο Ì ÙȘ ·Èٛ˜ Ù˘ ˘ÛÙ¤ÚË-Û˘ Î·È ÙȘ ‰˘Ó·Ù¤˜ ‰ÈÂÍfi‰Ô˘˜ ÁÈ· ÙË ÛËÌÂÚÈÓ‹ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·Ô˘ Û˘Ó-ÎÂÊ·Ï·ÈÒÓÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ·Ú¿‰ÔÍË ·ÙÔÓ›· ÙÔ˘ ÊÈ-ÏÂÏ¢ıÂÚÈÛÌÔ‡, ηıÒ˜ Î·È ¤Ó· ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ Î›ÌÂÓÔÛ¯ÂÙÈο Ì ÙÔ ∂˘Úˆ·˚Îfi ™‡ÓÙ·ÁÌ· ÙÔ˘ ÊÈϤÏÏËÓ·D.Sidjansky «·ÓÔ›ÁÔ˘Ó» ÙÔ ÂÂÙÂÈ·Îfi ·ÊȤڈ̷.

∂˘Úˆ·˚΋ ŒÎÊÚ·ÛË

***∫·È ÌÈ· ·¿ÓÙËÛË ·fi ·˘Ù¤˜ Ô˘ ÔÈ Â¤ÙÂÈÔÈ ÂÈÙÚ¤-

Ô˘Ó ·Ó ‰ÂÓ ÂÈ‚¿ÏÏÔ˘Ó ÎÈfiÏ·˜, ‰È· ¯ÂÈÚfi˜ ¡›ÎÔ˘ ∫·˙·-ÓÙ˙¿ÎË, ÚÔ˜ fiÛÔ˘˜ ·Ó·ÚˆÙÈÔ‡ÓÙ·È ·ÎfiÌË, ÌÂÙ¿ Ù· 50Ù‡¯Ë ÙÔ˘ ÂÚÈÔ‰ÈÎÔ‡ Î·È Ù· 15 ̄ ÚfiÓÈ· Ù˘ ªË ∫˘‚ÂÚÓË-ÙÈ΋˜ √ÚÁ¿ÓˆÛ˘ ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋ ŒÎÊÚ·ÛË, Û¯ÂÙÈο Ì ÙËÓ›‰Ú˘ÛË Î·È ·ÎfiÌË ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ ÙËÓ Â˘‰ÔΛÌËÛË Î·È ‰Ë-ÌfiÛÈ· ·Ó·ÁÓÒÚÈÛË Ù˘ ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋˜ ŒÎÊÚ·Û˘:

«∞Á¿ËÛ ÙË Â˘ı‡ÓË. ¶Â˜: ∂ÁÒ Î·È ÌfiÓÔ ÂÁÒ. Œ¯ˆÙËÓ ˘Ô¯Ú¤ˆÛË Ó· ÛÒÛˆ ÙË °Ë. ∂¿Ó ‰ÂÓ Ûˆı›, ı· ›ӷȉÈÎfi ÌÔ˘ Ï¿ıÔ˜»

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™˘˙ËÙÒÓÙ·˜ ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ·ÁÎfi-ÛÌÈÔ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌfi – ÔÙȉ‹Ô-ÙÂ Î·È ·Ó ÛËÌ·›ÓÂÈ ·˘Ùfi-Â›Ó·È ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi Ó· ı˘Ìfi-Ì·ÛÙ ·˘ÙÔ‡˜ Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó

˘ÔʤÚÂÈ Û·Ó ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· Ù˘‰ÈÔÏ›ÛıËÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÔ‡. ¶Ú¤-ÂÈ, ›Û˘, Ó· ·Ô‰ÒÛÔ˘Ì ÊfiÚÔÙÈÌ‹˜, Î·È Ó· ÛÎÂÊÙԇ̠ÛÔ‚·Ú¿,Á˘Ó·›Î˜, ¿Ó‰Ú˜ Î·È ·È‰È¿ Ô˘ Â-

Από τα δεξιά, ο Sergio Vieira de Mello στο Ανατολικό Τιµόρ το 2002 µε τον κυβερνήτη της επαρχίαςNusatenggara, Piet Tallo.

ŒÓ·˜ ∞ÍÈÔÚ‹˜ ∫fiÛÌÔ˜ÙÔ˘ Sergio Vieira de Mello

ªÂÙ¿ÊÚ·ÛË ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈο ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋ ŒÎÊÚ·ÛË∂ϤÓË ¢ÂÌ›ÚË, ª·Ú›· ¶·Ó·ÁÈ¿ÚË

√ ·ÔÙÚfi·ÈÔ˜ ı¿Ó·ÙÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ Sergio Vieira de Mello ÚfiÛÊ·Ù·,ÂȉÈÎÔ‡ ·ÓÙÈÚÔÛÒÔ˘ ÙˆÓ ∏ÓˆÌ¤ÓˆÓ ∂ıÓÒÓ ÛÙÔ πÚ¿Î, ÛÙ¤ÚËÛ ·fiÙÔÓ ÎfiÛÌÔ ÌÈ· ‹ÚÂÌË ÊˆÓ‹ ÏÔÁÈ΋˜, ÔÈÎÔ˘ÌÂÓÈ΋˜ Û˘Ó›‰ËÛ˘, ηÈÂ˘Ê˘˝·˜, ·ÎÚÈ‚Ò˜ ηٿ ÙË ÛÙÈÁÌ‹ Ô˘ ÔÈ ·ÚÂÙ¤˜ ·˘Ù¤˜ ¯ÚÂÈ¿˙ÔÓÙ·ÈÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ. ø˜ ¤Ó‰ÂÈÍË ÂÏ¿¯ÈÛÙÔ˘ ÊfiÚÔ˘ ÙÈÌ‹˜, Ë ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋ŒÎÊÚ·ÛË ÌÂÙ¤ÊÚ·ÛÂ Î·È ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ ÙËÓ ·Ú·Î¿Ùˆ ÔÌÈÏ›· ÙÔ˘1 ÁÈ·ÙÔÓ ÔÈÎÔ˘ÌÂÓÈÎfi ¯·Ú·ÎÙ‹Ú· Ù˘ ·ÓıÚÒÈÓ˘ ·ÍÈÔÚ¤ÂÈ·˜. ∆ÔΛÌÂÓÔ ·˘Ùfi ·ÔÙÂÏ›, ÈÛÙ‡ԢÌÂ, ÙËÓ Î·Ù·ÏÏËÏfiÙÂÚË ÂÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹ÛÙÔ ·ÊȤڈ̷ Ô˘ ۯ‰ȿ۷ÌÂ Î·È Ô˘ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› ÁÈ· Ó·ÁÈÔÚÙ¿ÛÔ˘Ì -¯ˆÚ›˜ Ù˘Ì·ÓÔÎÚÔ˘Û›Â˜- Ì ÙÔÓ ‰ÈÎfi Ì·˜ ‹ÚÂÌÔ ÙÚfiÔÙË Û˘ÌÏ‹ÚˆÛË Ù˘ ¤Î‰ÔÛ˘ 50 Ù¢¯ÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ÂÚÈÔ‰ÈÎÔ‡ ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋ŒÎÊÚ·ÛË. ∂ÈϤÔÓ ÙÔ Ó‡̷ ÙÔ˘ ÎÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘ ·˘ÙÔ‡ ·Ô‰›‰ÂÈ ÛÂÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ ‚·ıÌfi ÙȘ ·Í›Â˜ ÛÙȘ Ôԛ˜ ÛÙËÚ›¯ıËÎÂ Ë ›‰Ú˘ÛË Î·È ËÔÚ›· Ù˘ ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋˜ ŒÎÊÚ·Û˘ ηٿ Ù· 15 ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ˙ˆ‹˜ Ù˘ ˆ˜ªË ∫˘‚ÂÚÓËÙÈ΋˜ √ÚÁ¿ÓˆÛ˘ Ù· ÔÔ›· ı· ÎÏ›ÛÔ˘Ì ηٿ ÙÔ 2004Ô˘ ¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È. ™˘ÓÂÈÛʤÚÂÈ ÛÙ· ÈÛÙ‡ˆ Î·È ÙËÓ Ù·ÂÈÓ‹ Ì·˜ Û˘Ì‚ÔÏ‹ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÔÈÎÔ‰fiÌËÛË ÌÈ·˜ ·ÁÎfiÛÌÈ·˜ ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ·˜ ·ÍÈÒÓ, ÌÈ·˜˘ÂÚÂıÓÈ΋˜ ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜ ÔÏÈÙÒÓ Î·È ÙÂÏÈÎÒ˜ ÌÈ·˜ ÔÈÎÔ˘ÌÂÓÈ΋˜ÔÌÔÛÔӉȷ΋˜ ‰È·Î˘‚¤ÚÓËÛ˘, ÛÙԯ‡ÔÓÙ·˜ ÙË ıÂÌÂÏÈÒ‰‹ ·Ú¯‹Ù˘ ÂÓfiÙËÙ·˜ ‰È·Ì¤ÛÔ˘ Ù˘ ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜.

Í·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÔ‡Ó Ó· ˘ÔʤÚÔ˘Ó ·fiÙȘ Û˘Ó¤ÂȘ ÙˆÓ ¤ÓÔÏˆÓ Û˘-ÁÎÚÔ‡ÛˆÓ.

™‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÚÔÛÂÎÙÈΤ˜ ÂÎÙÈ-Ì‹ÛÂȘ, ÂÚ›Ô˘ ÔÎÙÒ ÂηÙÔÌ̇-ÚÈ· ·Ó‰ÚÒÓ, Á˘Ó·ÈÎÒÓ Î·È ·È‰ÈÒÓ¤ı·Ó·Ó ηٿ ÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ªÂ-Á¿ÏÔ˘ ¶ÔϤÌÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ 1914-18.∞Ó·Ú›ıÌËÙÔÈ ¿ÏÏÔÈ ÙÚ·˘Ì·Ù›ÛÙË-ηÓ, Ê˘Ï·Î›ÛÙËηÓ, ÌÂÙ·ÙÔ›ÛÙË-Î·Ó ‹ ÂÍ·Ê·Ó›ÛÙËηÓ. ∂ηÙÔÌ̇-ÚÈ· ·ÎfiÌË ÙÚÔÌÔÎÚ·Ù‹ıËÎ·Ó ·fiÙË ÊÚ›ÎË, ÊÚ›ÎË Ô˘ ÚԤ΢„ ÛÂ¤Ó·Ó ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌfi Ô˘ ıˆÚÂ›Ù·È ˆ˜¤Ó·˜ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ‰È·Ú›˜ ÔÏÈÙÈ-ÛÌÔ‡˜ ÙÔ˘ ηÈÚÔ‡ ÂΛÓÔ˘.

∏ ‰ÈÂıÓ‹˜ ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ· ·ÔÊ¿ÛÈ-Û ÛÙÔ Ù¤ÏÔ˜ ·˘ÙÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ ÔϤÌÔ˘-ÙÔ˘ ÔÔ›Ô˘ Ë Â¤ÙÂÈÔ˜ Â›Ó·È Û‹ÌÂ-Ú·- Ó· ÌËÓ ÂÈÙÚ¤„ÂÈ ÔÙ¤ Í·Ó¿Ù¤ÙÔÈ· ·ÓıÚÒÈÓË Î·Ù·ÛÙÚÔÊ‹.∫˘‚ÂÚÓ‹ÛÂȘ ÂÓÒıËÎ·Ó ÁÈ· Ó· È-‰Ú‡ÛÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ∫ÔÈÓˆÓ›· ÙˆÓ∂ıÓÒÓ, ¤Ó·Ó ÔÚÁ·ÓÈÛÌfi ·ÊÈÂÚˆ-̤ÓÔ ÛÙËÓ ÚÔÒıËÛË Ù˘ ‰ÈÂ-ıÓÔ‡˜ Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ Î·È ÛÙËÓ Â›-Ù¢ÍË ÂÈÚ‹Ó˘ Î·È ·ÛÊ¿ÏÂÈ·˜.

¶ÔÏÏÔ› ıˆÚÔ‡Ó ÙËÓ ∫ÔÈÓˆÓ›·ÙˆÓ ∂ıÓÒÓ ·ÓÂÈÙ˘¯‹. ∞˘Ùfi ÁÈ·Ù›·¤Ù˘¯Â Ó· ·ÔÙÚ¤„ÂÈ ÙÔ Í¤Û·-ÛÌ· ÙÔ˘ ¢Â˘Ù¤ÚÔ˘ ¶·ÁÎÔÛÌ›Ô˘¶ÔϤÌÔ˘ (1939-45), ÌÈ· Û‡ÁÎÚÔ˘-ÛË – ÛÙÔÓ ‚·ıÌfi Ô˘ ·˘Ù¤˜ ÔÈ Û˘-ÁÎÚ›ÛÂȘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó οÔÈÔ ÓfiËÌ·- ·-ÎfiÌË ÈÔ ÙÚÔÌÂÚ‹ ·fi ÙËÓ ÚÒÙË.

¶·Ú·Ù·‡Ù·, ·Ú·Ì¤ÓÂÈ ÁÂÁÔ-Ófi˜ fiÙÈ Ë ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›· Ù˘ ∫ÔÈÓˆ-Ó›·˜ ÙˆÓ ∂ıÓÒÓ Û˘Ó¤‚·Ï ÛÙËÓÂÌÊ¿ÓÈÛË ÌÈ·˜ ‚·ı‡ÙÂÚ˘ ÂÎÙ›ÌË-Û˘ Î·È Û˘Ó·›ÛıËÛ˘ Ù˘ ·ÓıÚÒ-ÈÓ˘ ·ÍÈÔÚ¤ÂÈ·˜ Î·È Ù˘ ÈÂÚfi-ÙËÙ·˜ Ù˘ ·ÓıÚÒÈÓ˘ ˙ˆ‹˜, fi-

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ˆ˜ Î·È Ù˘ ·˘Í·ÓfiÌÂÓ˘ ·ÁÎfi-ÛÌÈ·˜ ‰È·‰ÈÎÙ‡ˆÛ˘. ŒıÂÛ ٷ ıÂ-̤ÏÈ· ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ›‰Ú˘ÛË ÙˆÓ ∏ӈ̤-ÓˆÓ ∂ıÓÒÓ Î·È ¯¿Ú·Í ÙÔÓ ‰ÚfiÌÔÁÈ· ÙË ‰ÈÂıÓ‹ ÚÔÛÙ·Û›· ÙˆÓ ·Ó-ıÚÒÈÓˆÓ ‰ÈηȈ̿وÓ. ∂›Ó·È ÌÈ·ËÁ‹ ÂÚËÊ¿ÓÂÈ·˜ ÁÈ· ̤ӷ fiÙÈ ÙÔÁÚ·ÊÂ›Ô Ù˘ ∂ÈÙÚÔ‹˜ ÙˆÓ ∏Óˆ-Ì¤ÓˆÓ ∂ıÓÒÓ ÁÈ· Ù· ∞ÓıÚÒÈÓ·¢ÈηÈÒÌ·Ù·, ÛÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ‹Ïı· ÌfiÏȘÚÈÓ ·fi ‰‡Ô Ì‹Ó˜, ·˘ÙÔ·Ôη-ÏÂ›Ù·È «Palais Wilson»– Î·È ‹Ù·Ó›Û˘ ÙÔ ·˘ıÂÓÙÈÎfi Û›ÙÈ Ù˘ ∫ÔÈ-ÓˆÓ›·˜ ÙˆÓ ∂ıÓÒÓ. «Wilsoniasm»Â›Ó·È ÌÈ· ¤ÓÓÔÈ· Ô˘ Û˘¯Ó¿ ¯Ï¢¿-˙ÂÙ·È ˆ˜ ·ÏÔ˚΋ ‹ ·ÔÙ˘¯Ë̤ÓË,‹ Î·È Ù· ‰‡Ô. ¢È·ÊˆÓÒ Ï‹Úˆ˜ ÌÂÙÔÓ ÚÒÙÔ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÌfi Î·È ÌÂÚÈ-ÎÒ˜ Ì ÙÔ ‰Â‡ÙÂÚÔ. ∂Ó Û˘ÓÙÔÌ›·,ı· ‹Ù·Ó Ï¿ıÔ˜ Ó· ˘ÔÙÈÌËı› ËÛËÌ·Û›· Ù˘ ÂÎÙ›ÌËÛ˘ Ù˘ ·Í›·˜·˘ÙÒÓ ÙˆÓ ÌÂÙ·ÔÏÂÌÈÎÒÓ ÂÈ-Ù¢ÁÌ¿ÙˆÓ. £· ‹Ù·Ó ‰‡ÛÎÔÏÔ Ó·Ê·ÓÙ·ÛÙԇ̠ۋÌÂÚ· ÙËÓ ›‰Ú˘ÛËÂÓfi˜ ·ÚfiÌÔÈÔ˘ Ï·ÈÛ›Ô˘ Ì ÛÎÔ-fi ÙËÓ ÂÍ·ÛÊ¿ÏÈÛË ÂÈÚ‹Ó˘, ·-ÛÊ¿ÏÂÈ·˜ Î·È Û‚·ÛÌÔ‡ ÁÈ· Ù· ·Ó-ıÚÒÈÓ· ‰ÈηÈÒÌ·Ù·, fiˆ˜ ÙÔ Û‡-ÛÙËÌ· ÙˆÓ ∏ÓˆÌ¤ÓˆÓ ∂ıÓÒÓ, ¿ӷ˘ÙÔ› ÔÈ ıÂÛÌÔ› ‰ÂÓ ÚÔ¸‹Ú¯·Ó.

∂¿Ó fi¯È, ı· ›¯Â Ô ÎfiÛÌÔ˜ Ô˘˙ԇ̠ۋÌÂÚ· ÙËÓ ÈηÓfiÙËÙ· ηÈÙÔ fiÚ·Ì· Ó· ȉڇÛÂÈ Ù· ∏ӈ̤ӷŒıÓË Ì ÙfiÛÔ ·ÁÓ¿ ȉ·ÓÈο fiˆ˜fiÙ·Ó È‰Ú‡ıËÎ·Ó ÙÔ 1945; ¶Ò˜ ı·‹Ù·Ó Ô ÎfiÛÌÔ˜ Û‹ÌÂÚ· Â¿Ó Ù·∏ӈ̤ӷ ŒıÓË ‰ÂÓ ˘‹Ú¯·Ó;

∂›Ó·È Â˘Ù‡¯ËÌ· fiÙÈ ‰ÂÓ ¯ÚÂÈ¿-˙ÂÙ·È Ó· ··ÓÙ‹ÛÔ˘Ì Û ·˘Ù¤˜ÙȘ ÂÚˆÙ‹ÛÂȘ ÛÙËÓ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎfi-ÙËÙ·. ™Ù· ÌÂÙ·ÔÏÂÌÈο ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ˉÈÂıÓ‹˜ ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ· ‰ÂÛ̇ÙËΠۤӷ Û‡ÓÔÏÔ ‚·ÛÈÎÒÓ ·ÁÎfiÛÌȈӷÍÈÒÓ: ÈÛfiÙËÙ·, ·ÍÈÔÚ¤ÂÈ·, ·ÓÂ-ÎÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·, Î·È ¤ÏÏÂÈ„Ë ‰È·ÎÚ›ÛÂ-ˆÓ.

∞Ó·ÁÓˆÚ›Û·ÌÂ, ̤ۈ Ù˘ ¶·-ÁÎfiÛÌÈ·˜ ¢È·Î‹Ú˘Í˘ ÁÈ· Ù·∞ÓıÚÒÈÓ· ¢ÈηÈÒÌ·Ù·, fiÙÈ «Ë ¤Ì-Ê˘ÙË ·ÍÈÔÚ¤ÂÈ· Î·È Ù· ›Û· Î·È ·-Ó··ÏÏÔÙÚ›ˆÙ· ‰ÈηÈÒÌ·Ù· fiψÓÙˆÓ ÌÂÏÒÓ Ù˘ ·ÓıÚÒÈÓ˘ ÔÈÎÔ-

Á¤ÓÂÈ·˜ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ıÂ̤ÏÈÔ Ù˘ ÂÏ¢-ıÂÚ›·˜, Ù˘ ‰ÈηÈÔÛ‡Ó˘ Î·È Ù˘ÂÈÚ‹Ó˘ ÛÙÔÓ ÎfiÛÌÔ». «∂Ï¢ıÂÚ›··fi ÙÔÓ Êfi‚Ô Î·È ÙËÓ ·Ó¿ÁÎË» ‹-Ù·Ó Ë ÎÔÈÓ‹ Ì·˜ ÊÈÏÔ‰ÔÍ›·.

™˘ÌʈӋ۷ÌÂ, ›Û˘, Ì Ïfi-ÁÈ· Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈο ÛÙÔȯÂÈÒ‰Ô˘˜ ¿-ıÔ˘˜ Î·È ‰‡Ó·Ì˘ fiÙÈ «ÂÌ›˜ ÔÈ ¿Ó-ıÚˆÔÈ» ı· ›̷ÛÙ «·ÔÊ·ÛÈ-Ṳ̂ÓÔÈ Ó· ÛÒÛÔ˘Ì ‰È·‰Ô¯ÈΤ˜ÁÂÓ¤˜ ·fi ÙËÓ ÏËÁ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÔϤ-ÌÔ˘». ª·˙› ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ‹Û·Ì ¤Ó·Û‡ÓÔÏÔ ·fi ̤ÙÚ· Î·È ÛÙ·ıÌ¿ Ì·ÁÎfiÛÌÈ· ·ÓıÚÒÈÓ· ‰ÈηÈÒÌ·Ù·ÚÈ˙ˆÌ¤Ó· ÛÙ·ıÂÚ¿ Û ·˘Ù¤˜ ÙȘ ·-͛˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙfi¯Ô˘˜. ¶·ÚfiÏ··˘Ù¿, ¤¯Ô˘Ì ·ÔÙ‡¯ÂÈ ÛÙ· ηı‹-ÎÔÓÙ· Ì·˜ Ó· ÂÍ·ÛÊ·Ï›ÛÔ˘Ì fiÙÈ·˘Ù¿ Ù· ̤ÙÚ· ÙËÚÔ‡ÓÙ·È. ¶ÔÏ‡Û˘¯Ó¿ Ô ÎfiÛÌÔ˜ Ì·˜ ·ÔÎÏ›ÂÈ Î·ÈÂÚÈıˆÚÈÔÔÈ› ÙÔ˘˜ Ôϛ٘ ÙÔ˘·˘ÙÔ‡˜, Ô˘, Û·Ó ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· Ù˘‚›·˜, Ù˘ ·ÓÈÛfiÙËÙ·˜, Ù˘ ÌË ·ÓÂ-ÎÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ Î·È ÙˆÓ ‰È·ÎÚ›ÛˆÓ, ›-Ó·È ·Ó›Î·ÓÔÈ Ó· Û˘ÌÌÂÙ¿Û¯Ô˘Ó ÌÂÔ˘ÛÈÒ‰Ë ÙÚfiÔ, Î·È ·ÎfiÌ· ¯ÂÈÚfi-ÙÂÚ·, ·˘ÙÔ‡˜ Ô˘ ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙ·È ·-ÓÂÏÏÈÒ˜ ·fi ÙË ‰˘ÛÙ˘¯›·.

∏ ÛÎÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ «ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÔ‡»

¶ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌfi˜ ›ӷÈ, ı· ÚfiÙÂÈÓ·,ÌÈ· ¤ÓÓÔÈ· Ô˘ ‰È·Ê‡ÁÂÈ ÔÚÈ-

ÛÌÔ‡. ÕÏψÛÙ ¤Ó·˜ ÔÚÈÛÌfi˜ ÙÔ˘ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÔ‡ ÎÈÓ‰˘Ó‡ÂÈ Ó· Â›Ó·È Â-ÍÂ˙ËÙË̤ÓÔ˜ ‹ ˘ÔÎÂÈÌÂÓÈÎfi˜ ‹ Ë-ÌÈÙÂÏ‹˜, ‹ ¤Ó·˜ Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌfi˜ ·˘-ÙÒÓ ÙˆÓ ·‰˘Ó·ÌÈÒÓ. ∂›Ì·È ·ÎfiÌ·ÈÔ ÛÎÂÙÈÎfi˜ ÛÙËÓ ÚÔÛ¿ıÂÈ·Ó· ÔÚ›ÛÔ˘Ì ÙÔÓ ·ÁÎfiÛÌÈÔ ÔÏÈ-ÙÈÛÌfi, Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ ÁÈ· ̤ӷ ¤¯ÂÈ Ì¿Ï-ÏÔÓ ·ÓËÛ˘¯ËÙÈΤ˜ ¤ÓÓÔȘ ·Ó-Ô-ÌÔÈÔÌÔÚÊ›·˜. ∆Ô Î·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ Ô˘ÌÔÚÒ Ó· οӈ ›ӷÈ, ÚÒÙÔÓ, Ó·ÚÔÙ›ӈ fiÙÈ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ·¤¯Ô˘Ì·fi ÙËÓ ÔÌÔÈÔÌÔÚÊ›· Î·È Ó· ·Áη-ÏÈ¿ÛÔ˘Ì ÙË ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·, ηȉ‡ÙÂÚÔÓ, Ó· ÚÔÙ›ӈ fiÙÈ ÙÔ Ó·ÂÈÎÂÓÙÚˆıԇ̠۠ÎÔÈÓ¤˜ ·ÓÙÈÏ‹-„ÂȘ Ù˘ ·ÓıÚÒÈÓ˘ ·ÍÈÔÚ¤ÂÈ-·˜ ›Ûˆ˜ ÌÔÚ› Ó· Â›Ó·È ÈÔ Î·Ú-

ÔÊfiÚÔ ·fi ÙËÓ Âȉ›ˆÍË ÂÓfi˜ÌfiÓÔ ·ÁÎfiÛÌÈÔ˘ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÔ‡.

∂ÈϤÔÓ, Ë ‰˘ÛÎÔÏ›· ÙÔ˘ Ó· ·-ÔÎÙ‹ÛÔ˘Ì ¤Ó·Ó ÈηÓÔÔÈËÙÈÎfiÔÚÈÛÌfi ‰ÂÓ ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔ-ÔÈËı›, ‹ ‰ÂÓ ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÂÈ-ÙÚ¤ÂÙ·È Ó· ıÔÏÒÓÂÈ ÙËÓ ÂÈÎfiÓ·.∞˘Ùfi Ô˘ ÌÔÚÒ Ó· Û·˜ ˆ ›ӷÈfiÙÈ ÁÓˆÚ›˙ˆ ·˘Ùfi Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ·ÔÏ›-ÙÈÛÙÔ: ÙÔ ¤¯ˆ ‰ÂÈ. ŸÏÔÈ ÙÔ ÁÓˆÚ›-˙Ô˘ÌÂ. ™ÙË ‰Ô˘ÏÂÈ¿ ÌÔ˘ Ì ٷ∏ӈ̤ӷ ŒıÓË, fiÔ˘ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂ-ÚÔ ¤¯ˆ ·Û¯ÔÏËı› Ì ·˘Ùfi Ô˘ ÛÂÂÈÚËÓÈΤ˜ Î·È Â˘ËÌÂÚÔ‡Û˜ ¯ÒÚ˜·Ó·ÊÂÚfiÌ·ÛÙ ¢ÊËÌÈÛÙÈÎÒ˜ ˆ˜«Â‰›Ô», ¤¯ˆ ‰ÂÈ fi¯È ÌfiÓÔ Ù· η-χÙÂÚ· ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È Ù· ¯ÂÈÚfiÙÂÚ· ·˘-ÙÔ‡ Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ì ӷ ÚÔÛʤÚÔ˘ÌÂÔ ¤Ó·˜ ÛÙÔÓ ¿ÏÏÔ. ∆¤ÙÔÈ· Û˘ÌÂ-ÚÈÊÔÚ¿ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ‚ÚÂı› ·ÓÙÔ‡.

ø˜ ÂÚÁ·˙fiÌÂÓÔ˜ ÛÙ· ∏ӈ̤n·ŒıÓË ¤Ú ӷ ÎÔÓÙÔÛÙ·ıÒ Î·ÈÓ· ·Ó·ÚˆÙËıÒ Ò˜ ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈΤ˜ÎÔÈӈӛ˜ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ·Ó·Ù‡-ÍÔ˘Ó Ù¤ÙÔÈ· ¿ÛÏ·¯ÓË ·‰È·ÊÔÚ›·ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·ÓıÚÒÈÓË ˙ˆ‹. ∫ÔÈÓ¤˜ ·-ÓÙÈÏ‹„ÂȘ ÙÔ˘ «ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÔ‡» ÛÂÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ ‚·ıÌfi ¤¯Ô˘Ó ıÂÙÈΤ˜ Û˘-ÓÂΉԯ¤˜. ÀÔ‰ÂÈÎÓ‡Ô˘Ó ÙfiÛÔ ¤-Ó· ËıÈÎfi ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ fiÛÔ Î·È ÙËÓ›Ù¢ÍË Î¿ÔÈÔ˘ ›‰Ô˘˜ ÔÏÈÙÈ-ÛÙÈ΋˜ ÎÔڇʈÛ˘. ∞ӷηÏÔ‡ÓÂÈÎfiÓ˜ Ù¤¯Ó˘ Î·È ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÔ‡, ·-Ó·Á¤ÓÓËÛ˘, ÂÎÏÂÙ˘ÛÌÔ‡. ÀÔ-‰ËÏÒÓÔ˘Ó ÂͤÏÈÍË Ì ÌÈ· ÌË ‚ÈÔ-ÏÔÁÈ΋ ¤ÓÓÔÈ· ‹ ÚfiÔ‰Ô ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÈ-ÓˆÓÈ΋ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË.

∞ÏÏ¿ ı· ÚfiÙÂÈÓ· fiÙÈ Ô fiÚÔ˜ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌfi˜ ‰È·ÎÈÓ‰˘Ó‡ÂÈ, ·ÏÏ¿Ì ηӤӷ ÙÚfiÔ ‰ÂÓ ÎÔ˘‚·Ï¿ÂÈÛȈËÚÒ˜ ÂÓÔ¯ÏËÙÈο ·ÚÓËÙÈΤ˜¤ÓÓÔȘ. ∞˘Ù¤˜ Â›Ó·È ¤ÓÓÔȘ ÔÏÈ-ÙÈÛÙÈ΋˜ ·ÓˆÙÂÚfiÙËÙ·˜, ÂÏÈÙÈ-ÛÌÔ‡, ÈÌÂÚÈ·ÏÈÛÌÔ‡ Î·È Î·Ù¿ ¤Ó·ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ ‚·ıÌfi ‰˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ȉ·ÏÈ-ÛÌÔ‡. ∂¿Ó οÔÈÔ˜ ıˆڋÛÂÈ ÙÔÓ·˘Ùfi ÙÔ˘ ÔÏÈÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ, ÙfiÙ ·˘-ÙÔ› Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎÔ› ‰ÂÓ Â›-Ó·È ÔÏÈÙÈṲ̂ÓÔÈ, Â›Ó·È ·ÔÏ›ÙÈ-ÛÙÔÈ.

¶Ú¿ÁÌ·ÙÈ, ÌfiÏȘ ÚÈÓ ·fi ÌÂÚÈ-ο ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ÚÔÙ¿ıËΠfiÙÈ ÔÈ ‰˘ÙÈ-

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EYPø¶A´KH EKºPA™H ñ Ù. 50 ñ 3O TPIMHNO 2003

Τ˜ ¤ÓÓÔȘ ‹Ù·Ó ÙfiÛÔ Î˘Ú›·Ú¯Â˜,ÙfiÛÔ ·Ó·ÌÊÈÛ‚‹ÙËÙ· ·Ô‰ÂÎÙ¤˜,ÒÛÙ ·˘Ùfi ÛÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ÁÈÓfiÌ·ÛÙ·ÓÌ¿ÚÙ˘Ú˜ ‹Ù·Ó ÙÔ «Ù¤ÏÔ˜ Ù˘ È-ÛÙÔÚ›·˜» Ì ÙËÓ ¤ÓÓÔÈ· fiÙÈ ‰ÂÓ ˘-‹Ú¯Â ϤÔÓ ·˘Ùfi Ô˘ ı· ˘ÚÔ-‰ÔÙÔ‡Û ÌÈ· Û‡ÁÎÚÔ˘ÛË ÔÏÈÙÈ-ÛÌÒÓ. ¶ÔÈÔ˜ ·Ï‹ıÂÈ· ı· ÙfiÏÌ·ÁÂÓ· ÂÈÛËÁËı› Ù¤ÙÔȘ ˘‚ÚÈÛÙÈΤ˜¤ÓÓÔȘ ÙÒÚ·;

¶Ú¤ÂÈ Â›Û˘ Ó· ·Ó·ÁÓˆÚ›-ÛÔ˘Ì fiÙÈ Ô «·ÁÎfiÛÌÈÔ˜ «ÔÏÈÙÈ-ÛÌfi˜» ¤¯ÂÈ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈËı› ηٿÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· Ù˘ ÈÛÙÔÚ›·˜ ÁÈ· Ó· ‰È-ηÈÔÏÔÁ‹ÛÂÈ ÎÙËÓˆ‰›Â˜, ÂÂÎÙ·ÙÈ-΋ ÛΤ„Ë Î·È Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚ¿, ·ÔÈ-ÎÈÔÎÚ·Ù›·, ·ÎfiÌ· ÛÎÏ·‚È¿ Î·È ÁÂ-ÓÔÎÙÔÓ›·, fiˆ˜ ÛÙËÓ ‹ÂÈÚfi ÌÔ˘,ÙËÓ ∞ÌÂÚÈ΋. ªÂ ÙÔ Ó· ÂÎÙÂÏÔ‡Ó·˘Ù¤˜ ÙȘ Ú¿ÍÂȘ, ·˘ÙÔ› ÔÈ ÔÏÈÙÈ-ÛÌÔ› ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈ˙·Ó fiÙÈ ‹Ù·Ó ÛÙËÓÚ·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· Û ·ÔÛÙÔϤ˜ÂÎÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÔ‡. ∏ Û˘˙‹ÙËÛË Ì·˜ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ·ÁÎfiÛÌÈÔ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌfi Ú¤-ÂÈ Ó· Ï¿‚ÂÈ ˘fi„Ë ·˘Ù¿ Ù· ÁÂÁÔ-ÓfiÙ·.

∏ ÛÎÈ¿Ù˘ «·ÁÎÔÛÌÈÔÔ›ËÛ˘»

MÂÚÈÎÔ› ÌÔÚ› Ó· ÂȯÂÈÚËÌ·-ÙÔÏÔÁ‹ÛÔ˘Ó fiÙÈ ÛÙËÓ ·Ú¯‹

·˘Ù‹˜ Ù˘ Ó¤·˜ ¯ÈÏÈÂÙ›·˜ ¤¯Ô˘ÌÂÂÙ‡¯ÂÈ ¤Ó·Ó ·ÁÎfiÛÌÈÔ ÔÏÈÙÈ-ÛÌfi, ‰ËÏ·‰‹ ¤Ó· ÚÔËÁ̤ÓÔ ÛÙ¿-‰ÈÔ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈ΋˜ ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘ Û ·-ÁÎfiÛÌÈÔ Â›Â‰Ô – ÌÈ· Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓˤΉÔÛË ÙÔ˘ Weltgeist ÙÔ˘ Hegel,ÙÔ Ó‡̷ ÙÔ˘ ÎfiÛÌÔ˘. ∂›Ó·È ·Ï‹-ıÂÈ· fiÙÈ ˙ԇ̠۠ÌÈ· ÂÔ¯‹ ÏÔ‡-ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚ›˜ ÚÔËÁÔ‡ÌÂÓÔ Î·È ÂÎ-ÏËÎÙÈ΋˜ Ù¯ÓÔÏÔÁÈ΋˜, ÂÈÛÙË-ÌÔÓÈ΋˜ Î·È ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋˜ ÚÔfi-‰Ô˘. √ ÎfiÛÌÔ˜ Â›Ó·È ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·ÙÈÎfi˜ Û‹ÌÂÚ· ·fi ÔÙ¤¿ÏÏÔÙÂ. ™Â 140 ¯ÒÚ˜ Û‹ÌÂÚ· Á›-ÓÔÓÙ·È ÔÏ˘ÎÔÌÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ÂÎÏÔÁ¤˜.√ ·ÚÈıÌfi˜ ÙˆÓ ‰È·ÎÚ·ÙÈÎÒÓ ÔϤ-ÌˆÓ Î·È Ë ·ÒÏÂÈ· ·ÓıÚÒÈÓˆÓ˙ˆÒÓ Û·Ó ·fiÚÚÔÈ· ·˘ÙÒÓ ÙˆÓÔÏ¤ÌˆÓ ¤¯ÂÈ ÌÂȈı› ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈο.

∏ ·ÁÎfiÛÌÈ· ·ÁÔÚ¿ ¤¯ÂÈ ·ÓÔ›-ÍÂÈ Û·Ó ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· Ù˘ Ó¤·˜ ÙÂ-¯ÓÔÏÔÁ›·˜ Î·È Ë ·˘Í·ÓfiÌÂÓË ÔÈÎÔ-ÓÔÌÈ΋ ÂÓÔÔ›ËÛË ¤¯ÂÈ ‚ÔËı‹ÛÂÈÛÙË ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›· Ó¤ˆÓ ¢ηÈÚÈÒÓ.∏ ·ÁÎÔÛÌÈÔÔ›ËÛË ¤¯ÂÈ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘Ú-Á‹ÛÂÈ ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ· ÁÈ· ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂ-ÚË ÂÈÎÔÈÓˆÓ›· Î·È Û˘Ó·ÏÏ·Á¤˜ ·-Ó¿ÌÂÛ· Û ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈΤ˜ ÔÏÈÙÈ-ÛÌÔ‡˜. ªÂ ÙÔÓ ÙÚfiÔ ·˘Ùfi ¯¿Ú·-Í ÙÔÓ ‰ÚfiÌÔ ÁÈ· ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚË ·Ó-ıÚÒÈÓË ÂÏ¢ıÂÚ›·. ŸÌˆ˜, ·Ú¿ÙȘ ÙfiÛ˜ ıÂÙÈΤ˜ ÂÍÂÏ›ÍÂȘ, ÙÔ Ù¤-ÏÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ æ˘¯ÚÔ‡ ¶ÔϤÌÔ˘ Î·È ËÛ˘Ó¯È˙fiÌÂÓË ‰È·‰Èηۛ· Ù˘ ·-ÁÎÔÛÌÈÔÔ›ËÛ˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÚÔηϤ-ÛÂÈ ·‚‚·ÈfiÙËÙ·.

¡¤Â˜ ÌÔÚʤ˜ ÙÚÔÌÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜ ¤-¯Ô˘Ó ·Ó·‰Âȯı› ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁÒÓÙ·˜·Ó›ˆÙÔ fiÓÔ ÚÔÛÊ¿Ùˆ˜ ÛÙË¡¤· ÀfiÚÎË, ÛÙÔ ª·Ï› Î·È ÛÙ˪fiÛ¯·. ∆Ô ·ÓıÚÒÈÓÔ ÎfiÛÙÔ˜ Ù˘ÙÚÔÌÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜ ¤¯ÂÈ Á›ÓÂÈ ·ÈÛıËÙfiÂÍ›ÛÔ˘ ÛÙȘ ºÈÏțӘ, ÙË ª¤ÛË∞Ó·ÙÔÏ‹, ÙËÓ ∞ÏÁÂÚ›· Î·È ÙË ™Úȧ¿Óη, fiˆ˜ Î·È Û ¿ÏϘ ¯ÒÚ˜Ù˘ ¢˘ÙÈ΋˜ ∂˘ÚÒ˘ – Û ¯ÚfiÓÈ·Ô˘ Â˘Ù˘¯Ò˜ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ·Ú¤ÏıÂÈ.∂ÛˆÙÂÚÈΤ˜ ¤ÓÔϘ Û˘ÁÎÚÔ‡-ÛÂȘ Û˘Ó¯›˙Ô˘Ó Ó· ٷϷȈÚÔ‡Ó¯ÒÚ˜ ·Ó¿ ÙÔÓ ÎfiÛÌÔ. ¶·ÚˆıÔ‡-Ì·ÛÙ ·ÏÏ¿ Â›Ó·È Ï¿ıÔ˜ Ó· ÛËÎÒ-ÓÔ˘Ì ٷ ¯¤ÚÈ· Ì·˜ „ËÏ¿ ·fi ·-ÂÏÈÛ›· fiÙ·Ó Ë ¢ËÌÔÎÚ·Ù›· ÙÔ˘∫ÔÓÁÎfi ‹ Ë ∫ÔÏÔÌ‚›· ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÔ-ÓÙ·È. ¶·ÚfiÏÔ Ô˘ ÔÈ ‰ÈÂıÓ›˜ fi-ÏÂÌÔÈ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÌÂȈı› Û ·ÚÈıÌfi, ÛÂÂÛˆÙÂÚÈΤ˜ Û˘ÁÎÚÔ‡ÛÂȘ ¤¯Ô˘ÓÛÎÔÙˆı› ÂÚ›Ô˘ 3,6 ÂηÙÔÌ̇-ÚÈ· ·ÓıÚÒˆÓ ÙËÓ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ‰Â-ηÂÙ›·. π‰È·›ÙÂÚ· ·ÓËÛ˘¯ËÙÈÎfi ÁÂ-ÁÔÓfi˜ Â›Ó·È Ù· ·˘Í·ÓfiÌÂÓ· ı‡Ì·-Ù· ÌÂٷ͇ ÙˆÓ ·Ì¿¯ˆÓ. ¶ÂÚÈÛÛfi-ÙÂÚÔ ·fi ÙÔ 90% ·˘ÙÒÓ Ô˘ÙÚ·˘Ì·Ù›ÛÙËÎ·Ó ‹ ÛÎÔÙÒıËÎ·Ó ÛÂÌÂÙ·„˘¯ÚÔÔÏÂÌÈΤ˜ Û˘ÁÎÚÔ‡-ÛÂȘ ‹Û·Ó ¿Ì·¯ÔÈ Î·È ÔÈ ÌÈÛÔ› ·fi·˘ÙÔ‡˜ ·È‰È¿. √ ·ÚÈıÌfi˜ ÙˆÓÚÔÛʇÁˆÓ Î·È ÙˆÓ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈοÌÂÙ·ÙÔÈÛı¤ÓÙˆÓ ·ÓıÚÒˆÓ ¤¯ÂÈ·˘ÍËı› ηٷÎfiÚ˘Ê·, ¤Ó‰ÂÈÍË Ù˘·˘Í·ÓfiÌÂÓ˘ ¤ÓÙ·Û˘, Ì ·˘Ùfi

ÂÓÓÔÒ ÙËÓ ·‰È·ÊÔÚ›· ÁÈ· ÙÔ˘˜ ·-Ì¿¯Ô˘˜ ÙˆÓ ÛËÌÂÚÈÓÒÓ Û˘ÁÎÚÔ‡-ÛˆÓ.

º·ÈÓÔÌÂÓÈο ‰‡ÛÎÔϘ ·ÁÎfi-ÛÌȘ Û˘Óı‹Î˜ fiˆ˜ Ë ÊÙÒ¯ÂÈ·,Ô Èfi˜ ÙÔ˘ Aids, Ô Ú·ÙÛÈÛÌfi˜ Î·È Ë·ÓÈÛfiÙËÙ· ÙˆÓ Ê‡ÏˆÓ, Û˘Ó¯›-˙Ô˘Ó Ó· ÚÔηÏÔ‡Ó Â˘Ú›· ·Ó-ıÚÒÈÓË ‰˘ÛÙ˘¯›·. ∞˘Ù¤˜ ÔÈ Û˘Ó-ı‹Î˜ Û˘Ì‚¿ÏÏÔ˘Ó ÛÙËÓ ·˘Í·Ófi-ÌÂÓË ÂÚÈıˆÚÈÔÔ›ËÛË ·ÓıÚÒˆÓÎ·È ÎÔÈÓÔًوÓ, Î·È fiÔ˘ ‰ÂÓ ·-ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆ›˙ÔÓÙ·È, ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡ÓÙ·ÈÂÓÙ¿ÛÂȘ, Ù›ıÂÙ·È Û ΛӉ˘ÓÔ Ë ·Ó-ıÚÒÈÓË ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË Î·È ·ÂÈÏ›ٷÈË ·ÛÊ¿ÏÂÈ·. ∫¿ı ÙÈ ·fi ·˘Ù¿ ·-ÔÙÂÏ› ÙËÓ ·ÓÙ›ıÂÛË ÙÔ˘ ÔÏÈÙÈ-ÛÌÔ‡.

∏ ¢ı‡ÓËÁÈ· ‚·ıÈ¿ ηٷÓfiËÛË

A˘Ù¿ Ù· ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È··Ú·Èًو˜ ηÈÓÔ‡ÚÈ·. √È

¿ÓıÚˆÔÈ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ˙‹ÛÂÈ Ì fiÏÂÌÔ,·Ûı¤ÓÂȘ Î·È ·ÓÈÛfiÙËÙ· ÁÈ· ·ÈÒ-Ó˜. ∞˘Ùfi Ô˘ ‰È·Ê¤ÚÂÈ Û‹ÌÂÚ·Â›Ó·È fiÙÈ ‰ÂÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ì ‰ÈηÈÔÏÔÁ›·Ó· ›̷ÛÙ ÌË ÂÓËÌÂڈ̤ÓÔÈ ÁÈ·ÙÔÓ ‰È·¯ˆÚÈÛÌfi ÌÂٷ͇ ÙˆÓ ÏÔ˘-Û›ˆÓ Î·È ÙˆÓ ÊÙˆ¯ÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ÎfiÛÌÔ˘,ÙˆÓ ‰˘Ó·ÙÒÓ Î·È ÙˆÓ ·‰‡Ó·ÌˆÓ,ÙˆÓ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎÔÔÈËÌ¤ÓˆÓ Î·È ÙˆÓÂÚÈıˆÚÈÔÔÈË̤ӈÓ. ¢ÂÓ ÌÔ-Úԇ̠ۋÌÂÚ· ·‚Úfi¯ÔȘ ÔÛ›Ó Ó·ÈÛ¯˘ÚÈ˙fiÌ·ÛÙ ¿ÁÓÔÈ· ÁÈ· ÙÔ Îfi-ÛÙÔ˜ Ô˘ ·˘Ùfi˜ Ô ‰È·¯ˆÚÈÛÌfi˜ Â-È‚¿ÏÏÂÈ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÊÙˆ¯Ô‡˜ Î·È ÌË ¤-¯ÔÓÙ˜ ÂÓÒ ÙËÓ ›‰È· ÛÙÈÁÌ‹ ÈÛ¯˘-ÚÈ˙fiÌ·ÛÙ fiÙÈ ¤¯Ô˘Ì ÂÈÙ‡¯ÂÈÙÔÓ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌfi. ¶·Ú¿ Ù·‡Ù·, ÔÏ‡Û˘¯Ó¿ ηٷı¤ÙÔ˘Ì ٷ fiÏ· fiÙ·Ó·ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆ›˙Ô˘Ì ·ÁÎfiÛÌȘÚÔÎÏ‹ÛÂȘ.

À¿Ú¯ÂÈ, ‹ ÙÔ˘Ï¿¯ÈÛÙÔÓ ¤ÙÛÈÊ·›ÓÂÙ·È, ÌÈ· Ê·ÓÂÚ‹ ¤ÏÏÂÈ„Ë ‚·-ıÈ¿˜ ηٷÓfiËÛ˘ ·¤Ó·ÓÙÈ Û’ ·˘-ÙÔ‡˜ Ô˘ ÂËÚ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È ·ÚÓËÙÈο(·fi ÙȘ ÚÔÎÏ‹ÛÂȘ ·˘Ù¤˜): ÌÈ·¿Ì‚Ï˘ÓÛË ÎÚÈÙÈ΋˜ ·Ó¿Ï˘Û˘ ÙˆÓÔÏÈÙÈÎÒÓ Ô˘ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ÂËÚ¿-

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8 √ ∏ ∂ & ¶ ∞ ° ∫ √ ™ ª π ∞ ∞ • π √ ¶ ƒ ∂ ¶ ∂ π ∞

EYPø¶A´KH EKºPA™H ñ Ù. 50 ñ 3O TPIMHNO 2003

ÛÔ˘Ó ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ˜ Î·È ÎÔÈӈӛ˜ ¤-͈ Î·È ¤Ú· ·’ ÙȘ ‰ÈΤ˜ Ì·˜.∞ÏÏ¿ ·ÎfiÌË ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ, ˘Ô-Ù‡ÔÌ·È fiÙÈ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÌÈ· ¿Ì‚Ï˘Ó-ÛË Ù˘ ÈηÓfiÙËÙ¿˜ Ì·˜ Ó· ÂÎÙÈÌ‹-ÛÔ˘Ì ÙÈ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ÛËÌ·›ÓÂÈ ·˘Ù‹Ë ›‰Ú·ÛË, Û ڷÁÌ·ÙÈÎÔ‡˜ fi-ÚÔ˘˜, ÁÈã ·˘ÙÔ‡˜ Ô˘ ÙËÓ ˘Ê›ÛÙ·-ÓÙ·È. √ ΛӉ˘ÓÔ˜ Ô˘ ÂÓ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈÛÙÔ Ó· ˘Ôı¤ÛÔ˘Ì fiÙÈ ÂÌ›˜, Ë Â-ÔÓÔÌ·˙fiÌÂÓË ‰ÈÂıÓ‹˜ ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ·,›̷ÛÙ «ÔÏÈÙÈṲ̂ÓÔÈ», Â›Ó·È ·˘-Ù‹ Ë Û˘ÏÏÔÁÈ΋ ·¿ıÂÈ· ÙËÓ ÔÔ›·¤¯Ô˘ÌÂ Û˘ÓËı›ÛÂÈ.

∞˘Ùfi ‰ÂÓ ÌÔÚ› Ó· Û˘Ó¯ÈÛÙ›.¢ÂÓ ÌÔÚԇ̠ϤÔÓ Ó· Û˘ÌÂÚÈ-ÊÂÚfiÌ·ÛÙÂ Û·Ó Ó· ¤¯ÂÈ ÛËÌ·Û›·ÌfiÓÔ ·˘Ùfi Ô˘ Û˘Ì‚·›ÓÂÈ ÛÙȘ ÎÔ-ÓÙÈÓ¤˜ Ì·˜ ÎÔÈӈӛ˜, Û·Ó Ó· ¯Úˆ-ÛÙ¿Ì ·ÏÏËÏÂÁÁ‡Ë ÌfiÓÔ Û’ ·˘-ÙÔ‡˜ Ô˘ ·Ó‹ÎÔ˘Ó ÛÙË ÁÂÈÙÔÓÈ¿,ÙËÓ fiÏË ‹ ÙË ¯ÒÚ· Ì·˜. £· Ú¤-ÂÈ Ó· ÂÓÙ¿ÍÔ˘Ì ÙÔÓ Â·˘Ùfi Ì·˜ÛÙÔ Û‡ÓÔÏÔ Ù˘ ·ÓıÚˆfiÙËÙ·˜.¶Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÂÎÙÈÌ‹ÛÔ˘Ì ηχÙÂÚ·ÙÔ˘˜ ÙÚfiÔ˘˜ Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ÔÔ›Ô˘˜ÌÔÚԇ̠fiÏÔÈ Ó· ˆÊÂÏËıԇ̷fi ÙË Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›· Î·È ÙËÓ ·ÏÏË-ÏÂÁÁ‡Ë ¤Ú· ·fi (‰È·¯ˆÚÈÛÙÈΤ˜)ÁÚ·Ì̤˜ ÂıÓÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜, ʇÏÏÔ˘,Ê˘Ï‹˜ ‹ ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈ΋˜ ηٿÛÙ·Û˘.¶Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ‰Ú¿ÍÔ˘Ì ÙË ‰˘Ó·ÌÈ΋Ù˘ ·ÁÎÔÛÌÈÔÔ›ËÛ˘ ÁÈ· Ó· Á›-ÓÔ˘Ì ÌÈ· ‰‡Ó·ÌË ÂÓfiÙËÙ·˜ ηÈÛ˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹˜ fiψÓ: ÌÈ·˜ ·ÁÎÔ-ÛÌÈÔÔ›ËÛ˘ Ô˘ ı¤ÙÂÈ ÙËÓ ÚÔ·-ÁˆÁ‹ Î·È ÚÔÛÙ·Û›· ÙˆÓ ·ÓıÚÒÈ-ÓˆÓ ‰ÈÎ·ÈˆÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÛÙËÓ Î·Ú‰È¿ ÙˆÓÛÙfi¯ˆÓ Î·È ÛÙÚ·ÙËÁÈÎÒÓ Ù˘.

¢ÈfiÙÈ Ù· ·ÓıÚÒÈÓ· ‰ÈηÈÒÌ·Ù·Ú¿ÁÌ·ÙÈ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ¤Ó·Ó ÎÚ›ÛÈÌÔ Úfi-ÏÔ Ó· ·›ÍÔ˘Ó Û‹ÌÂÚ·. ∂Ó Û˘ÓÙÔ-Ì›·, ÙÔ ·‰È·›ÚÂÙÔ Î·È Ë ·ÁÎÔÛÌÈfi-ÙËÙ¿ ÙÔ˘˜ Â›Ó·È ›Ûˆ˜ ÔÈ ÎÔÓÙÈÓfiÙÂ-Ú˜ ¤ÓÓÔȘ Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ì ÔÈ ÔÔ›Â˜Û˘ÓÈÛÙÔ‡Ó Ù· ıÂ̤ÏÈ· ÂÓfi˜ ÔÏÈÙÈ-Ṳ̂ÓÔ˘ ÎfiÛÌÔ˘, Û ·ÓÙ›ıÂÛË Ì ¤-Ó·Ó ·ÁÎfiÛÌÈÔ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌfi. √È ·Ú-¯¤˜ Ù˘ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈ΋˜, ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜ ηÈÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈ΋˜ Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹˜ Â›Ó·È ·-·Ú·›ÙËÙ· ‚·ÛÈṲ̂Ó˜ Û ‰ÈηÈÒ-Ì·Ù· Î·È ˘Ô¯ÚÂÒÛÂȘ.

∞˘ÙÔ› Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È Û ı¤ÛÂȘ‰‡Ó·Ì˘ Î·È ÚÔÓÔÌ›ˆÓ, ˆÛÙfiÛÔ,Ôχ Û˘¯Ó¿ ‚Ï¤Ô˘Ó Ù· ‰ÈηÈÒÌ·-Ù· Î·È ÙȘ ˘Ô¯ÚÂÒÛÂȘ ˆ˜ ·ÂÈÏ‹ÁÈ· Ù· ‰Èο ÙÔ˘˜ Û˘ÌʤÚÔÓÙ·. ™·Ó¤Ó· Û‡ÓÔÏÔ ·fi ·ÁÎfiÛÌÈ· ·Ô-‰ÂÎÙ¤˜ ·Í›Â˜, ·Ú¯¤˜ Î·È Ì¤ÙÚ·,Ô˘ ÂÊ·ÚÌfi˙ÔÓÙ·È ÈÛfiÙÈÌ· Û fi-ÏÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÓıÚÒÔ˘˜, ·ÓÙÔ‡, Ù··ÓıÚÒÈÓ· ‰ÈηÈÒÌ·Ù· Ú¤ÂÈÚ¿ÁÌ·ÙÈ Ó· ıˆÚÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÂÚÁ·Ï›ÔÔ˘ ı· ‚ÔËı‹ÛÂÈ ÛÙËÓ ÔÈÎÔ‰fiÌËÛËÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÒÓ Ô˘ ¢ËÌÂÚÔ‡Ó.

µÚ·˙ÈÏÈ¿ÓÈη Ì·ı‹Ì·Ù·ÂÓfi˜ ÔÏ˘ÊˆÓÈÎÔ‡ ÎfiÛÌÔ˘

¶ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÔÌ·È ·fi ÌÈ· ¯ÒÚ·, Ù˵ڷ˙ÈÏ›·, ‰È¿ÛËÌË ÁÈ· ÙËÓ

ÏÔ‡ÛÈ· ÔÏÈÙÈÛÙÈ΋ ÔÈÎÈÏ›· Ù˘.∂›Ó·È ÌÈ· ¯ÒÚ· Ì ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ· ·-fi 120 ÂÈ˙ÒÓÙ· ÂÓ‰ÔÁÂÓ‹ ¤ıÓË.ªÈÏÔ‡Ó ·ÎfiÌ· ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ˜ ÂÓ-‰ÔÁÂÓ›˜ ÁÏÒÛÛ˜ Î·È ‰È·Ï¤-ÎÙÔ˘˜. §·Ô› fiˆ˜ ÔÈ Kayapo,Parakana, Xavante, Yanomami, ηÈÔÏÏÔ› ·ÎfiÌË ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‰È·ÙËÚ‹ÛÂÈÔÏÏ¿ ·fi ÙÔÓ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌfi Î·È ÙȘ·Ú·‰fiÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘˜ Î·È ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÈÛ¯˘-ÚÔ‡˜ ‰ÂÛÌÔ‡˜ Ì ÙË ÁË ÙˆÓ ÚÔ-ÁfiÓˆÓ ÙÔ˘˜: ıÂÚ›˙ÔÓÙ·˜, ‰È·¯ÂÈÚÈ-˙fiÌÂÓÔÈ Î·È Û¯ÂÙÈ˙fiÌÂÓÔÈ Ì ¤Ó·Ó¯ÒÚÔ – Ù· ÙÚÔÈο ‰¿ÛË. ∞˘Ù‹ ›-Ó·È Â›Û˘ Ì›· ·fi ÙȘ ÈÔ ÛËÌ·-ÓÙÈΤ˜ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ ‚ÈÔÔÈÎÈÏ›·˜ ÙÔ˘Ï·Ó‹ÙË Ì·˜.

∏ µÚ·˙ÈÏ›· Â›Ó·È Â›Û˘ Ì›· ¯Ò-Ú· Ô˘ ¤¯ÂÈ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı‹ÛÂÈ ÔÏÈÙÈ-Τ˜ ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘ ÁÈ· ‰ÂηÂٛ˜ ηȷÎfiÌË Î·È ÁÈ· ·ÈÒÓ˜, ÔÈ Ôԛ˜ ¤-¯Ô˘Ó ÚÔÛÎÚÔ‡ÛÂÈ ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ÂÚÈ-ıˆÚÈÔÔÈ‹ÛÂÈ ÙÔ˘˜ ·˘ıÂÓÙÈÎÔ‡˜ È-ı·ÁÂÓ›˜ ηÙÔ›ÎÔ˘˜ Ù˘. ∞Ó ÎÔÈÙ¿-ÍÔ˘Ì ٷ ÚfiÛÊ·Ù· ¯ÚfiÓÈ·, ÌÔ-Úԇ̠ӷ ԇ̠̠οı ÂÈÏÈÎÚ›-ÓÂÈ· fiÙÈ Ë «ÂȯÂÈÚËÌ·ÙÈ΋ µÚ·˙È-Ï›·» – Î·È ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿Óˆ Î·È ÙȘ‰ÈÂıÓ›˜ ÂÙ·Èڛ˜ – ¤¯ÂÈ ˘¿ÚÍÂÈÌ›· ·’ ÙȘ ·ÚȘ ËÁ¤˜ ηٷ-ÛÙÚÔÊ‹˜ fi¯È ÌfiÓÔ ÙÔ˘ ›‰ÈÔ˘ ÙÔ˘‰¿ÛÔ˘˜, ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ÙˆÓ ˘·Ú¯fi-

ÓÙˆÓ Î·È ÙˆÓ ÎÔÈÓÔÙ‹ÙˆÓ ÙˆÓ Èı·-ÁÂÓÒÓ ·ÓıÚÒˆÓ. ¢ÂÓ ÌÔÚÔ‡ÌÂÓ· ԇ̠fiÙÈ Ë µÚ·˙ÈÏ›· ‰ÂÓ ¤¯ÂȉȷӇÛÂÈ ÂÓÙ˘ˆÛȷ΋ ˘ÏÈ΋ Úfi-Ô‰Ô ·ÏÏ¿ Ú¤ÂÈ Â›Û˘ Ó· ·Ó·-ÁÓˆÚ›ÛÔ˘Ì fiÙÈ ÔÈ Èı·ÁÂÓ›˜ ¿Ó-ıÚˆÔÈ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ˘¿ÚÍÂÈ ı‡Ì·Ù· ·-Ú¿ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ¢ÂÚÁÂÙËı› Û ÔÏϤ˜ÂÚÈÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ.

∞˘Ù¤˜ ÔÈ ·Ú·ÙËÚ‹ÛÂȘ Ì ԉË-ÁÔ‡Ó Û ‰‡Ô Û¯fiÏÈ·. ∆Ô ÚÒÙÔÛ¯ÂÙ›˙ÂÙ·È Ì ·˘Ùfi Ô˘, ·Ú·‰fi-͈˜, Â›Ó·È ¤Ó· Û¯ÂÙÈο ηÈÓÔ‡ÚÈÔÊ·ÈÓfiÌÂÓÔ, ÙÔ˘Ï¿¯ÈÛÙÔÓ ÛÙËÓ Â-ÚÈÔ¯‹ ÌÔ˘, ‰ËÏ. fiÙÈ Ù· ÎÚ¿ÙË ·Ú¯›-˙Ô˘Ó Ó· ·Ó·ÁÓˆÚ›˙Ô˘Ó fiÙÈ Â›Ó·ÈÔχ - ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈο Î·È ÔÏ˘ÂıÓÈÎ¿Î·È fiÙÈ ·˘Ùfi˜ Â›Ó·È ¤Ó·˜ ÏÔ‡ÙÔ˜Ô˘ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÚÔÛٷ٢ı›. ∏‚·ı‡ÙÂÚË ‚Ú·˙ÈÏÈ¿ÓÈÎË Ù·˘ÙfiÙËÙ¿Ì·˜ ¤¯ÂÈ ÙȘ Ú›˙˜ Ù˘ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÔÈΛ-ÏÔ˘˜ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÔ‡˜ Ì·˜: ÛÙÔ˘˜ Èı·-ÁÂÓ›˜ ·ÓıÚÒÔ˘˜ Ì·˜, ÛÙÔ˘˜∞ÊÚÈηÓÔ‡˜ ·ÔÁfiÓÔ˘˜ Î·È ÛÂÔÏÏÔ‡˜ ·ÎfiÌË. ∫·ÌÈ¿ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË,fiÛÔ ÂÈÎÂÚ‰‹˜ ÎÈ ·Ó ›ӷÈ, ‰ÂÓ ı·¤Ú ӷ ·Ó·ÏËÊı› ÂȘ ‚¿ÚÔ˜Ù˘ ÏÔ‡ÛÈ·˜ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÙÈ΋˜ ÔÈÎÈ-Ï›·˜ ÛÙËÓ ÔÔ›· ·Ó·Ê¤ÚıËη, ·Ï-Ï¿ ·ÓÙ›ıÂÙ·, ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÏÂÈ-ÙÔ˘ÚÁ‹ÛÂÈ ÚÔ˜ fiÊÂÏÔ˜ fiÏˆÓ ÙˆÓÛÙÔȯ›ˆÓ Ù˘. ∏ ÈÛfiÙËÙ· Ú¤ÂÈÓ· Â›Ó·È Ô ÛÙfi¯Ô˜ Ì·˜.

∆Ô ‰Â‡ÙÂÚÔ Û¯fiÏÈÔ Â›Ó·È fiÙÈ Ù··ÓıÚÒÈÓ· ‰ÈηÈÒÌ·Ù· Â›Ó·È ‰˘Ó·-ÌÈο, fi¯È ÛÙ·ÙÈο. ∂ÍÂÏ›ÛÛÔÓÙ·È ÌÂÙȘ ÂÔ¯¤˜. ∞ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆ›˙Ô˘Ó Î·È-ÓÔ‡ÚȘ ÚÔÎÏ‹ÛÂȘ.

°È· ÙÔ˘˜ Èı·ÁÂÓ›˜ ·ÓıÚÒÔ˘˜,Ô ÂȯÂÈÚËÌ·ÙÈÎfi˜ ÙÔ̤·˜ ·ÚÔ˘-ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ ÌÈ· Ù¤ÙÔÈ· ηÈÓÔ‡ÚÈ· Úfi-ÎÏËÛË Ì ÙËÓ Ù¯ÓÔÏÔÁ›·, ÙÔÓ Ê·È-ÓÔÌÂÓÈο ·ÙÂÏ›ˆÙÔ ÏÔ‡ÙÔ ÙÔ˘,Î·È ÙË ÓÔÌÈ΋ ÙÔ˘ ÂÍÂȉ›Î¢ÛË. ¢ÂÓÂ›Ó·È Â‡ÎÔÏÔ Ó· ‚ÚÂȘ ÙËÓ ÈÛÔÚÚÔ-›· Ô˘ ı· ÚÔÛٷهÛÂÈ Ù· ‰ÈηÈ-ÒÌ·Ù· ÙˆÓ Èı·ÁÂÓÒÓ ·ÓıÚÒˆÓ,ı· ÂÍ·ÛÊ·Ï›ÛÂÈ ÙȘ ÓfiÌÈ̘ ˘Ô-¯ÚÂÒÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ Î˘‚ÂÚÓ‹ÛÂˆÓ ÚÔ˜fiÏÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘˜ Ôϛ٘ ÙÔ˘˜ Î·È Ô˘‰ÂÓ ı· ÂÌÔ‰›ÛÂÈ ÙËÓ ÂȯÂÈÚËÌ·-ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· Î·È ÙËÓ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË.

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EYPø¶A´KH EKºPA™H ñ Ù. 50 ñ 3O TPIMHNO 2003

ªÂÚÈΤ˜ ·ÍÈÒÛÂȘ Â›Ó·È ˆÛÙfiÛÔÍÂοı·Ú˜. √È ‰›Î·ÈÔÈ Î·ÓfiÓ˜ ›-Ó·È ··Ú·›ÙËÙÔÈ. ∏ ‰È·ÓÔÌ‹ ÙÔ˘ Ô-ʤÏÔ˘˜ ˙ˆÙÈ΋. ∏ ÚÔËÁÔ‡ÌÂÓËÛ˘ÁηٿıÂÛË ÙˆÓ ÎÔÈÓÔÙ‹ÙˆÓ Ô˘ÂËÚ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È Î·È Ô˘ ÚÔ¸Ôı¤-ÙÂÈ ÙËÓ ÏËÚÔÊfiÚËÛË Â›Ó·È ¤Ó· È-‰·ÓÈÎfi ÛÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÛÙÔ-¯Â‡Ô˘ÌÂ. ∏ Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹ ÙˆÓ Èı·ÁÂ-ÓÒÓ ·ÓıÚÒˆÓ Î·È ÙˆÓ ÔÈΛψÓÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÒÓ ÙÔ˘˜ Â›Ó·È ÎÂÓÙÚÈ΋ Û’·˘Ù‹Ó ÙËÓ ¤ÓÓÔÈ· ÙÔ˘ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÔ‡.

À¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÌÈ· ·ÎfiÌË ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋·ÏÏ·Á‹ ÛÙËÓ ÙÚ¤¯Ô˘Û· ·ÓÙ›ÏË„ËÙ˘ ˘ËÎÔfiÙËÙ·˜. ∂ÓÒ ÔÈ ÂȯÂÈ-Ú‹ÛÂȘ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆ›˙ÔÓÙ·È ˆ˜ ·-ÁÎfiÛÌÈÔÈ ·›ÎÙ˜ ÌÂ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤-Ó˜ ˘Ô¯ÚÂÒÛÂȘ ·Ó¿ÏÔÁ˜ Ù˘ Â-ÈÚÚÔ‹˜ ÙÔ˘˜, ÙËÓ ›‰È· ÛÙÈÁÌ‹ ¿Ó-ıÚˆÔÈ ·˘Í·ÓfiÌÂÓ· ÂÎÊÚ¿˙Ô˘Ó·ÁÎfiÛÌȘ ·Ú¿ ÙÔÈΤ˜ ·ÓËÛ˘-¯›Â˜. À¿Ú¯ÂÈ Ë ·Ó·ÁÓÒÚÈÛË fiÙÈ Â›-Ì·ÛÙ fiÏÔÈ Ì¤ÚÔ˜ ÌÈ·˜ ·ÁÎfi-ÛÌÈ·˜ ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ·˜ ÛÙËÓ ÔÔ›· ÔÈÚ¿ÍÂȘ Ì·˜ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ·ÓÙ›ÎÙ˘Ô Û¿ÏϘ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ Î·È fiÙÈ ÔÈ ·ÓËÛ˘-¯›Â˜ ÙˆÓ ¿ÏÏˆÓ Â›Ó·È Â›Û˘ ‰ÈΤ˜Ì·˜ ·ÓËÛ˘¯›Â˜. ¶·ÚfiÏÔ Ô˘ Ù··Ú·¿Óˆ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ÌËÓ ¯ÚÂÈ¿˙Ô-ÓÙ·È ¿ÓÙ· ·ÁÎfiÛÌȘ χÛÂȘ,·˘Ù¤˜ ÔÈ ‰È·Û˘ÓÔÚȷΤ˜ ·ÁÎfi-ÛÌȘ Û˘Ó‰¤ÛÂȘ ÁÂÓÓÔ‡Ó ÌÈ· ·›-ÛıËÛË ˘Â˘ı˘ÓfiÙËÙ·˜: fi¯È ÌfiÓÔÛÙËÓ ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘ ηıÂÓfi˜ ·ÏϿ›Û˘ ̤۷ Û ‰›ÎÙ˘· ‚·ıÈ¿˜ η-Ù·ÓfiËÛ˘ Û fiÏÔ ÙÔÓ ÎfiÛÌÔ.

∞˘Ùfi ÙÔ Â›‰Ô˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂӉȷʤÚÔ-ÓÙÔ˜ Î·È Ù˘ Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹˜, ·˘ÙfiÔ˘ ¤¯ÂÈ ÔÓÔÌ·ÛÙ› «Î¿ÙˆıÂÓ ·-ÁÎÔÛÌÈÔÔ›ËÛË», Â›Ó·È ˙ˆÙÈÎfi ÁÈ·¤Ó·Ó ˘ÁÈ‹ ·ÁÎfiÛÌÈÔ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌfi.∞˘Ù‹ Ë ‰È·Î‹Ú˘ÍË Ù˘ ·ÁÎÔÛÌÈÔ-Ô›ËÛ˘ ·Ú¤¯ÂÈ Î¿ÔÈÔ ÏfiÁÔ ÁÈ··ÈÛÈÔ‰ÔÍ›·.

Ÿ¯È ·ÁÎfiÛÌÈÔ˜ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌfi˜ ·ÏÏ¿·ÁÎfiÛÌÈ· ·ÍÈÔÚ¤ÂÈ·

A˘Ùfi Ô˘ ÚÔÙ›ӈ Â›Ó·È fiÙÈÌÔÚ› Ó· ÍÂÂÚÓԇ̠ÙÔ˘˜ Â-

·˘ÙÔ‡˜ Ì·˜ fiÙ·Ó ÌÈÏ¿Ì ÁÈ· ·-ÁÎfiÛÌÈÔ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌfi. ªÔÚ› ›Û˘ӷ ·Ú·Ï·Óԇ̠ÙÔ˘˜ ·˘ÙÔ‡˜Ì·˜. ¶ÈÔ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi ·’ ÙÔ Ó· ÚÔ-Û·ıԇ̠ӷ ÂÙ‡¯Ô˘Ì ÌÈ· Ù¤-ÙÔÈ· ηٿÛÙ·ÛË ‹ ·ÎfiÌ· Î·È Ó·ÙËÓ ÚÔÛ‰ÈÔÚ›ÛÔ˘ÌÂ Â›Ó·È Ë ·Ó¿-ÁÎË Ó· ÂÈÎÂÓÙÚˆıÔ‡ÌÂ, Ó· ÙÔÓ›-ÛÔ˘ÌÂ Î·È Ó· ÂÎÙÈÌ‹ÛÔ˘Ì ηχÙÂ-Ú· ÙËÓ ·ÁÎÔÛÌÈfiÙËÙ· Ù˘ ·ÓıÚÒ-ÈÓ˘ ·ÍÈÔÚ¤ÂÈ·˜.

¶ÚÔÛ¿ıËÛ· ›Û˘ Ó· ÂÍËÁ‹-Ûˆ ÁÈ·Ù› ÈÛÙ‡ˆ fiÙÈ Ù· ·ÓıÚÒÈ-Ó· ‰ÈηÈÒÌ·Ù· ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ÙÔÓ Î·-χÙÂÚÔ ¯¿ÚÙË ÁÈ’ ·˘Ù‹ ÙË ‰ÈÂÚ‡-ÓËÛË. √È ·Ú¯¤˜ ÙÔ˘ ÿÚÙË ÙÔ˘√.∏.∂., Ë ¶·ÁÎfiÛÌÈ· ¢È·Î‹Ú˘ÍËÎ·È Ù· ¿ÏÏ· ÂÚÁ·Ï›· ·ÓıÚˆ›ÓˆÓ‰ÈÎ·ÈˆÌ¿ÙˆÓ Ô˘ ˘ÈÔıÂÙ‹ıËÎ·Ó ÙÔÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô ÌÈÛfi ÙÔ˘ (ÚÔËÁÔ‡ÌÂ-ÓÔ˘) ·ÈÒÓ· Â›Ó·È Ù· ÏËÛȤÛÙÂÚ·ÂÚÁ·Ï›· Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ì ÁÈ· ¤Ó·Ó ·-ÁÎfiÛÌÈÔ ÎÒ‰Èη Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚ¿˜.∞˘Ù¿ Ù· ÂÚÁ·Ï›· ÚÔÛʤÚÔ˘Ó ÙȘ··Ú·›ÙËÙ˜ ‚¿ÛÂȘ ÁÈ· Ó· ÂÍ·-ÛÊ·Ï›ÛÔ˘Ì fiÙÈ Ë ÎÔÈÓ‹ Ì·˜ ·Ó-ıÚˆfiÙËÙ· Â›Ó·È ÌÈ· ·ÓıÚˆfiÙËÙ·Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹˜, ¯ÙÈṲ̂ÓË ¿Óˆ Û ·-͛˜ fiˆ˜ Ë ·ÓÂÎÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· Î·È Ë ·-ÍÈÔÚ¤ÂÈ·. √È ‰ÂÛ̇ÛÂȘ Ô˘ ÂÎ-ÊÚ¿˙Ô˘Ó ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂıÂÏÔÓÙÈο Á›ÓÂÈ·Ô‰ÂÎÙ¤˜. ∂›Ó·È ˘Ô¯Ú¤ˆÛË fi-ÏˆÓ Ì·˜ Ó· ‰È·Ê˘Ï¿ÍÔ˘Ì fiÙÈ ı·Á›ÓÔ˘Ó Û‚·ÛÙ¤˜.

∆· ·ÓıÚÒÈÓ· ‰ÈηÈÒÌ·Ù· ‰È·-ı¤ÙÔ˘Ó ÙÚ›· ÚfiÛıÂÙ· ÏÂÔÓÂÎÙ‹-Ì·Ù·. ¶ÚÒÙÔÓ, Â›Ó·È Â˘Îfiψ˜ η-Ù·ÓÔËÙ¿. øÛÙfiÛÔ, ¤¯Ô˘Ì ÌÈ· Ù¿-ÛË Ó· ·Ó·ÏÈÛÎfiÌ·ÛÙ Û ÂÎÙÂÙ·-̤Ó˜ ‰ÈÂÓ¤ÍÂȘ ÔÚ›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ÙÔ ¤Ó·‹ ÙÔ ¿ÏÏÔ ˆ˜ ÛˆÛÙfi. √ÚÈÛÌÔ› ηÈÛËÌ·ÛÈÔÏÔÁ‹ÛÂȘ fiÓÙˆ˜ ¤¯Ô˘ÓοÔÈÔ ÚfiÏÔ Ó· ·›ÍÔ˘Ó, ·ÏÏ¿ Ù··ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· Â›Ó·È Û˘¯Ó¿ Û‡Á-¯˘ÛË, ¤Ó·˜ ‚·ıÌfi˜ Ô͇ÙËÙ·˜ Î·È Ë·ÔÙ˘¯›· Ó· ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÛı› ÛÙËÓÚ¿ÍË ÙÔ ÂÓ ÏfiÁˆ ‰Èη›ˆÌ·. ∆·ı‡Ì·Ù·, Ê˘ÛÈο, ‰ÂÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó Úfi-‚ÏËÌ· ÛÙÔ Ó· ηٷϿ‚Ô˘Ó ÔÈÔ Â›-Ó·È ÙÔ ‰Èη›ˆÌ· Ô˘ ηٷ·Ù›ٷÈÎ·È Ì ÔÈÔÓ ÙÚfiÔ.

¢Â‡ÙÂÚÔÓ, Ì ٷ ‰ÈηÈÒÌ·Ù· ¤Ú-

¯ÔÓÙ·È Â·ÎfiÏÔ˘ı˜ ˘Ô¯ÚÂÒÛÂȘ.ª›· ·fi ·˘Ù¤˜, Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÙfiÛÔ Ù·ÎÚ¿ÙË fiÛÔ Î·È ¿ÏÏÔÈ ÂÓÂÚÁÔ› ·Ú¿-ÁÔÓÙ˜, Â›Ó·È ·ÎÚÈ‚Ò˜ Ó· ÂÍ·ÛÊ·-Ï›ÛÔ˘Ó fiÙÈ Ù· ‰ÈηÈÒÌ·Ù¿ Ì·˜ Á›ÓÔ-ÓÙ·È Û‚·ÛÙ¿. ∆Ú›ÙÔÓ, ¤Ó· ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎfiÛËÌÂ›Ô ÙˆÓ ·ÓıÚÒÈÓˆÓ ‰ÈηȈ̿-ÙˆÓ Â›Ó·È fiÙÈ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÔÓÙ·È Û fi-ÏÔ˘˜. ŒÌÊ˘ÙË Û ·˘Ù¿ Â›Ó·È Ë ‰È·-ÙÚ¿ÓˆÛË Ù˘ ·ÁÎÔÛÌÈfiÙËÙ·˜ fi-ˆ˜ Î·È Ù˘ ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎfiÙËÙ¿˜ÙÔ˘˜. ∆Ô Î‡ÚÈÔ Ì‹Ó˘Ì¿ ÌÔ˘ Û‹ÌÂÚ·Â›Ó·È fiÙÈ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÂÈÙÚ¤„Ô˘ÌÂÙ¤ÙÔÈ· ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·, Î·È Ú¿Ù-ÙÔÓÙ·˜ ηْ ·˘ÙfiÓ ÙÔÓ ÙÚfiÔ, Ó· Â-Í·ÛÊ·Ï›ÛÔ˘Ì fiÙÈ Û‚fiÌ·ÛÙ ٷ·ÓıÚÒÈÓ· ‰ÈηÈÒÌ·Ù·.

∆Ô Ó· ÂÍ·ÛÊ·Ï›ÛÔ˘Ì fiÙÈ ÂÈ-ÙÚ¤Ô˘Ì Û ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ÔÏÈ-ÙÈÛÌÔ‡˜ Î·È ·ÓıÚÒÔ˘˜ Ó· Û˘Ó˘-¿ÚÍÔ˘Ó Î·È Ó· ·Ó·Ù˘¯ıÔ‡Ó Ô ¤-Ó·˜ ‰›Ï· ÛÙÔÓ ¿ÏÏÔ Â›Ó·È Û‹ÌÂÚ·ÈÔ Û¯ÂÙÈÎfi ·Ú¿ ÔÙ¤. √ RobertKnox, ÂȉÈÎfi˜ Û ı¤Ì·Ù· ·Ó·ÙÔÏ‹˜ÛÙÔ µÚÂÙ·ÓÈÎfi ªÔ˘Û›Ô, ÌfiÏȘ ÌÔ˘¤Î·Ó ÁÓˆÛÙ‹ ÌÈ· ∫ÈÓ¤˙ÈÎË ·ÓıÚÒ-ÈÓË ÌÔÚÊ‹ ÙÔ˘ µÔ‡‰·, ÁÓˆÛÙ‹ ˆ˜Rohan. ¢ÂÓ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ì·ÎÚÈ¿ ·fi·˘Ùfi ÙÔ ·ÌÊÈı¤·ÙÚÔ. ∆Ô Î·ı‹ÎÔÓ·˘Ù‹˜ Ù˘ ·ÓıÚÒÈÓ˘ ÌÔÚÊ‹˜ ›-Ó·È Î¿ÙÈ Ô˘ ı· ‹ıÂÏ·, ÂÓ Î·Ù·-ÎÏ›‰È, Ó· Û·˜ Û¯ÔÏÈ¿Ûˆ: Ó· Ì·˜ Ô-‰ËÁ‹ÛÂÈ ÛÙË Ì¤ÁÈÛÙË ·Ï‹ıÂÈ·, Ó·Ì·˜ ‚ÔËı‹ÛÂÈ Ó· ‰È·ÙÚ¤ÍÔ˘Ì ÙȘ·ӷϋ„ÂȘ Î·È ÙȘ ·ÓÙÈÊ¿ÛÂȘÙ˘ ÂÌÂÈÚ›·˜ Ì·˜ ÛÙË ÁË Î·È – ·-ÎfiÌË ÈÔ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi – Ó· ·Ó·Î·Ï‡-„Ô˘Ì ÙËÓ ÂÓfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘ ÎfiÛÌÔ˘.

™∏ª∂πø™∂π™

1 ∆Ô Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ÓÔ ·fiÛ·ÛÌ· Â›Ó·È ·fiÙËÓ ÔÌÈÏ›· ÙÔ˘ Sergio Vieira de Mello –ÙfiÙ ¶ÚÂÛ‚Â˘Ù‹ ÙˆÓ ∏ÓˆÌ¤ÓˆÓ ∂ıÓÒÓÁÈ· Ù· ∞ÓıÚÒÈÓ· ¢ÈηÈÒÌ·Ù·- ÛÙËÓ ÙÚ›-ÙË ÂÙ‹ÛÈ· ‰È¿ÏÂÍË Ù˘ BP ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ¶·-ÁÎfiÛÌÈÔ ¶ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌfi Ô˘ ¤ÁÈÓ ÛÙÔ µÚÂÙ·-ÓÈÎfi ªÔ˘ÛÂ›Ô ÙÔ˘ §ÔÓ‰›ÓÔ˘ ÛÙȘ 11 ¡Ô-ÂÌ‚Ú›Ô˘ 2002 Î·È ‰ËÌÔÛȇÙËΠ·fi ÙËÓ∞ÓÔÈÎÙ‹ ¢ËÌÔÎÚ·Ù›·. ∆Ô Ï‹Ú˜ ΛÌÂÓÔÂ›Ó·È ‰È·ı¤ÛÈÌÔ ÛÙËÓ ËÏÂÎÙÚÔÓÈ΋ ‰È‡-ı˘ÓÛË http://www. bp.com/ centres/press/ s_ detail.asp ?id =170

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EYPø¶A´KH EKºPA™H ñ Ù. 50 ñ 3O TPIMHNO 2003

™˘ÌÙÒÌ·Ù· ˘Ô‚¿ıÌÈÛË˜ÙˆÓ ÊÈÏÂχıÂÚˆÓ È‰ÂÒÓ.

∏·ÙÔÓ›· ÙˆÓ ÊÈÏÂχıÂÚˆÓ È-‰ÂÒÓ ÛÙËÓ ∂ÏÏ¿‰· Â›Ó·È ¤Ó·

ÂÎ ÚÒÙ˘ fi„ˆ˜ ·Ú¿‰ÔÍÔ Ê·È-ÓfiÌÂÓÔ, ·Ó ÛÎÂÊıԇ̠fiÙÈ ÙÔ ÊÈ-ÏÂχıÂÚÔ ÎfiÌÌ· ‹Ù·Ó ÁÈ· ‰Âη-Âٛ˜ ‰È·ÎÚÈÙ‹ Î·È ‚·Ú‡ÓÔ˘Û·ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ ‰‡Ó·ÌË, Ë ÂÌÔÚÈ΋ ·-Ú¿‰ÔÛË ¤¯ÂÈ ÈÛ¯˘Ú¤˜ Ú›˙˜ Î·È Ë¤ÓÓÔÈ· Ù˘ ȉÈÔÎÙËÛ›·˜ ·‰È·Û¿-ÏÂ˘Ù· ˘ÔÛÙËÚ›ÁÌ·Ù· ̤¯ÚÈ ˘-

ÂÚ‚ÔÏ‹˜. ™Â ¿ÏÏÔ Â›Â‰Ô «ËÂÏÏËÓÈ΋ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÙÈ΋ ·Ú¿‰Ô-ÛË», ÁÚ¿ÊÂÈ Ô ¶·‡ÏÔ˜ ∆˙ÂÚÌÈ¿˜,« ÂÓ¤¯ÂÈ ÙÔ ‘ÚÔ˙‡ÌÈ’ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·-Á¿Ë Ù˘ ÂÏ¢ıÂÚ›·˜»2.

∏ ˘Ô‚¿ıÌÈÛË ÙˆÓ ÊÈÏÂχıÂ-ÚˆÓ È‰ÂÒÓ Û ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌ›·, ÔÏÈÙÈ-΋ Î·È ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›· ÛÙËÓ ∂ÏÏ¿‰· ÂÎ-‰ËÏÒÓÂÙ·È ÔÈÎÈÏÔÙÚfiˆ˜.

ŒÓ· Û‡Ìو̷ ›ӷÈ, ÚÒÙÔÓ,Ë ÔÚȷ΋ ·ÚÔ˘Û›· ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙÔÓ¯ÒÚÔ ÙˆÓ È‰ÂÒÓ- Ù˘ ‰È·ÓfiË-

Û˘- Û ·ÓÙ›ıÂÛË Ì ÙȘ ÛÔÛÈ·ÏÈ-ÛÙÈΤ˜ ȉ¤Â˜. ∂‰Ò ẨÒıËηÓȉ¤Â˜ Ô˘ ÁÂÓÈο ıˆÚÔ‡ÓÙ·È«ÚÔԉ¢ÙÈΤ˜» Î·È Ô˘ Û˘¯Ó¿(fi¯È fï˜ ¿ÓÙÔÙÂ) Û˘ÁÎÚÔÙÔ‡Ó̤ÚÔ˜ ÌÈ·˜ ·ÓÙÈÊÈÏÂχıÂÚ˘·ÓÔÏ›·˜. ∞ÎfiÌË Î·È ÛÙȘ ÌÂÙ·-ÊÚ¿ÛÂȘ Á›ÓÂÙ·È Ê·ÓÂÚ‹ Ë Î˘-ÚÈ·Ú¯›· ·ÓÙÈηÈÙ·ÏÈÛÙÈÎÒÓ ÂÓÁ¤ÓÂÈ ‰È·ÙÚÈ‚ÒÓ. ¶Ôχ Ï›ÁÔÈ ¤-¯Ô˘Ó ·Û¯ÔÏËı› ÛÔ‚·Ú¿ ‹ ÂӉȷ-ʤÚÔÓÙ·È ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·Ú¿‰ÔÛË ÛΤ-„˘ ÙÔ˘ ÊÈÏÂÏ¢ıÂÚÈÛÌÔ‡ ‰ÒÎ·È ·ÏÏÔ‡, ·Ó Î·È ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· Ô Î‡-ÎÏÔ˜ ÙˆÓ ÂӉȷÊÂÚÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ ÌÂÁÂ-ı‡ÓÂÙ·È. ∞ÓÙ›ıÂÙ·, ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÓÙ˘-ˆÛȷ΋ fiÓÙˆ˜ ·‹¯ËÛË (ÙÔ˘Ï¿-¯ÈÛÙÔÓ ·Ó ÙËÓ ÎÚ›ÓÔ˘Ì ·fi ÙȘˆÏ‹ÛÂȘ) ‚È‚Ï›· Ô˘ ÂÎÊÚ¿˙Ô˘Ó¤Ó· ¯‡Ì· ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚÈÛÌfi. ¶.¯. ËÚfiÛÊ·ÙË ÌÂϤÙË Ì ÙÔÓ Ù›ÙÏÔ«ÔÈÔ˜ ÊÔ‚¿Ù·È ÙËÓ ∂˘ÚÒË» ηÈÌ ˘fiÙÈÙÏÔ «·Ó·ÙÔÌ›· ÂÓfi˜ ̇-ıÔ˘» Ô˘ ¤ÁÈÓ Best-seller, ·Ó·-ʤÚÂÙ·È, ÂÓÙÂÏÒ˜ ÂÓ‰ÂÈÎÙÈο,ÛÙËÓ «ÊÚ›ÎË ÙÔ˘ ηÈÙ·ÏÈÛÌÔ‡»,ÛÙÔÓ «Î‡ÎÏÔ˜ Ù˘ ·ÂÏÈÛ›·˜»,ÛÙË «Ì·‡ÚË Û˘Ó·›ÓÂÛË», ÛÙËÓ«πÂÚ¿ ™˘ÌÌ·¯›· ÙÔ˘ ÕÌÛÙÂÚ-ÓÙ·Ì»3.

¢Â‡ÙÂÚÔÓ, Û ÌÂÁ¿Ï· ÙÌ‹Ì·Ù·ÙˆÓ ÌÔÚÊˆÌ¤ÓˆÓ ÛÙڈ̿وÓÛÙËÓ ∂ÏÏ¿‰· ÂÈÎÚ·Ù› ¤Ó· ȉÈfi-

ÙÔ˘ ¶¿ÓÔ˘ ∫·˙¿ÎÔ˘∫·ıËÁËÙ‹ ÙÔ˘ ∂ıÓÈÎÔ‡ Î·È ∫·Ô‰ÈÛÙÚÈ·ÎÔ‡

¶·ÓÂÈÛÙËÌ›Ô˘ ∞ıËÓÒÓ

&∏ ·Ú¿‰ÔÍË È‰ÂÔÏÔÁÈ΋

ÙÔ˘ ÊÈÏÂÏ¢ıÂÚÈÛÌÔ‡ ÛÙË ÛËÌÂÚÈÓ‹ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·

ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ ·ÙÔÓ›·

™ÙË ÛËÌÂÚÈÓ‹ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·, ·Ú¿ ÙȘ ÌÂÙ·ÙÔ›ÛÂȘ Ô˘ Û˘Ó¤‚Ë-Û·Ó Î·Ù¿ ÙË ‰ÂηÂÙ›· ÙÔ˘ 90, Ô ÊÈÏÂÏ¢ıÂÚÈÛÌfi˜ ‹ ¤ÛÙˆ‚·ÛÈΤ˜ ȉ¤Â˜ ÙÔ˘ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆ›˙ÔÓÙ·È Â¯ıÚÈο. ∆Ô Ú‡̷ ·˘-Ùfi ÛΤ„˘ Î·È ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜ ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙ÂÙ·È Û˘¯Ó¿ ˆ˜ ÌÈ· ¯ÏˆÌ‹ÛÎÈ¿ ÈÛ¯˘ÚfiÙÂÚˆÓ Û˘ÁÁÂÓÒÓ ÎÈÓËÌ¿ÙˆÓ ‹ ÚÂ˘Ì¿ÙˆÓ ÛΤ-„˘ Ô˘ ‰È·ÌÔÚÊÒıËÎ·Ó Î·È ÈÛ¯˘ÚÔÔÈ‹ıËÎ·Ó Û ¿ÏÏÂ˜Â˘Úˆ·˚Τ˜ ¯ÒÚ˜ - fiˆ˜ .¯. ÙÔ˘ ‚ÚÂÙ·ÓÈÎÔ‡ ÊÈÏÂÏ¢ıÂ-ÚÈÛÌÔ‡ Ô˘ ÂËÚ¤·Û ·ÎfiÌË Î·È ÙÔÓ Â˘Ú‡ ¯ÒÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ÂÚÁ·ÙÈ-

ÎÔ‡ ÎfiÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ Ì ÙË ÌÔÚÊ‹ ÙÔ˘ «ÙÚ›ÙÔ˘ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘»1. Œ¯ˆ Êı¿ÛÂÈ ÛÙÔ ÛËÌÂ›Ô Ó· ‰ÈÂÚˆÙÒÌ·È ·Ó Ô fiÚÔ˜ ÊÈÏÂÏ¢-ıÂÚÈÛÌfi˜ ÛËÌ·›ÓÂÈ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈο ÔÙȉ‹ÔÙÂ, ‹ ¤ÛÙˆ οÙÈ ıÂÙÈ-Îfi ÂÎÙfi˜ ÙˆÓ Î‡ÎÏˆÓ Ô˘ ·Û¯ÔÏÔ‡ÓÙ·È Ì ÙËÓ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ ηÈÎÔÌÌ·ÙÈ΋ ÌÓ‹ÌË. ™ËÌÂÈÒÓˆ fiÙÈ Â¯ıÚfiÙËÙ· Î·È Û‡Á¯˘ÛËÙÚÔÊÔ‰ÔÙÂ›Ù·È ·fi ÙËÓ Â›ÌÔÓË ÚÔ·Á¿Ó‰· ÙˆÓ ˘ÂÚ·-ÛÈÛÙÒÓ ÙÔ˘ status quo Ô˘ Ù·˘Ù›˙ÂÈ Î¿ı ÌÂÙ·ÚÚ‡ıÌÈÛË ÌÂÙËÓ Ï¤ÔÓ ·ÎÚ·›· Î·È Ì¿ÏÏÔÓ ÂÚÈıˆÚÈÔÔÈË̤ÓË ÔÏÈÙÈοÂΉԯ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÊÈÏÂÏ¢ıÂÚÈÛÌÔ‡ (ÙÔÓ ÓÂÔÊÈÏÂÏ¢ıÂÚÈÛÌfi)

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EYPø¶A´KH EKºPA™H ñ Ù. 50 ñ 3O TPIMHNO 2003

Ù˘Ô Î·È ·ÓÙÈÊ·ÙÈÎfi Ì›ÁÌ· ÎÚ·ÙÈ-ÎÔ‡ ‚ÔϤ̷ÙÔ˜ (‹ ÚÔÛ‰ÔΛ·˜ÁÈ· ·˘Ùfi) Î·È ·ÓÙÈÎÚ·ÙÈÛÌÔ‡ (·-ÙÔÌÈÎÈÛÙÈÎÔ‡ ·Ó·Ú¯ÈÛÌÔ‡)! ™ÙÔÓ·ÓÙÈÎÚ·ÙÈÛÌfi ÂÓÙ¿ÛÛˆ Î·È ÙËÓ ·-ÓÔ¯‹ Ù˘ ÙÚÔÌÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜, ÙË ÌfiÓÈ-ÌË ·ÌÊÈÛ‚‹ÙËÛË ÙÔ˘ ÓfiÌÔ˘ ηÈÙË ÏÔÁÈ΋ ÙÔ˘ «‰ˆÚÂ¿Ó ÂÈ‚¿-ÙË». ∞˘Ùfi ÙÔ Ì›ÁÌ· ÎÚ·ÙÈÛÌÔ‡Î·È ·Ó·Ú¯ÈÛÌÔ‡ Û¯ÂÙ›˙ÂÙ·È Èı·-ÓfiÓ Ì ÙÔÓ «ÔÏ˘ÛıÂÓ‹» ¯·Ú·-ÎÙ‹Ú· ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎÒÓ ÛÙڈ̿وÓ,Ô˘ ÛËÌ·›ÓÂÈ, ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· Û ¿ÏÏ·Ù·˘Ùfi¯ÚÔÓË ··Û¯fiÏËÛË ÛÙÔÎÚ¿ÙÔ˜ Î·È ÂÎÙfi˜ ÙÔ˘ ÎÚ¿ÙÔ˘˜.∆˘ÈÎfi ·Ú¿‰ÂÈÁÌ· Ô Ì˯·ÓÈÎfi˜ÙÔ˘ ¢ËÌÔÛ›Ô˘. ∆Ô ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ·ÌÔÚ› Ó· ‘Ó·È Û˘¯Ó¿ ¤Ó· ›‰Ô˜ È-‰ÂÔÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ·Û˘Ó·ÚÙËÛ›·˜.

∆Ú›ÙÔÓ, ÛÙÔÓ ÔÏÈÙÈÎfi ÏfiÁÔ ËηٿÛÙ·ÛË ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È Î·Ï‡ÙÂÚË.¶.¯. Ë ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈ΋ ÂÏ¢ıÂÚ›·, ËÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈ΋ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·,Ë ·ÓÙ·ÁˆÓÈÛÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·, Ë ÂχıÂ-ÚË ·ÁÔÚ¿, Ë ·ÙÔÌÈ΋ ¢ı‡ÓË ·Îfi-ÌË Î·È Ë «ÌÈÎÙ‹ ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌ›·» ›ӷȤÓÓÔȘ Ô˘ ÌfiÓÔ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ÂÌ-Ê·Ó›˙ÔÓÙ·È Û ΢‚ÂÚÓËÙÈο Λ-ÌÂÓ·, Û˘Ó‹ıˆ˜ Ì ¤Ó· ÂÚÈÙ‡ÏÈÁ-Ì·, Ô˘ ÓÔı‡ÂÈ ÙÔ Ì‹Ó˘Ì¿ ÙÔ˘˜Î·È Û¿ÓÈ· ÁÈ· Ó· ıÂÌÂÏÈÒÛÔ˘ÓÛ˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤Ó˜ ÌÂÙ·ÚÚ˘ıÌÈÛÙÈ-Τ˜ ÚÔÙ¿ÛÂȘ- .¯. ÁÈ· ÙÔ ·ÛÊ·-ÏÈÛÙÈÎfi Û‡ÛÙËÌ·. ¶ÚÔÙÈÌÔ‡Ó ÙÔÓ¯˘Ïfi Ù˘ «ÚÔԉ¢ÙÈ΋˜ ‰È·Î˘-‚¤ÚÓËÛ˘» Ô˘ ˘ÔÓÔ› ·ÏÒ˜ÔÏÏ¿, ˘ÔÎÚ‡ÙÂÈ ÂÓÙ¤ÏÂÈ ¿ÏÏ·Î·È ‰Â ϤÁÂÈ Â˘ı¤ˆ˜ Ù›ÔÙÂ.

°ÂÓÈο, Â›Ó·È ‰È¿¯˘ÙË Î·È ·Îfi-ÌË ÈÛ¯˘Ú‹, ·Ú¿ ÙȘ ·ÏÏ·Á¤˜Ô˘ ÛËÌÂÈÒıËÎ·Ó ÙËÓ ÂÚ·Ṳ̂-ÓË ‰ÂηÂÙ›·, Ë ¿ÚÓËÛË ÌÂÁ¿ÏˆÓÌÂÚ›‰ˆÓ Ù˘ ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜ Ó· ‰Â-¯ı› ˆ˜ ÛÙfi¯Ô, fiÙÈ Ë ÎÚ·ÙÈ΋ Â-ÍÔ˘Û›· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÂÚÈÔÚÈÛı›ÓÔÌÈο Î·È ıÂÛÌÈο. ∆Ô ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈ-Îfi ˘¤‰·ÊÔ˜ ÁÈ· ·˘Ùfi Â›Ó·È ÛÙÂ-Ó¿ ÔÚÈÔıÂÙË̤ÓÔ. ∆Ô ÔÏÈÙÈο ·-ÌÂÛfiÙÂÚÔ Î·È Ï¤ÔÓ Â›Î·ÈÚÔ Û‡-

Ìو̷ ÊÈÏÂχıÂÚ˘ ·Ó·ÈÌ›·˜‹ Î·È Â¯ıÚfiÙËÙ·˜ Â›Ó·È ÔÈ ·ÓÙÈ-‰Ú¿ÛÂȘ ÛÙȘ ‰È·ÚıÚˆÙÈΤ˜ ·ÏÏ·-Á¤˜ Î·È Ë Ù‡¯Ë ÙÔ˘˜. ™ÙË ‰ÂηÂ-Ù›· ÙÔ˘ 90 ›¯·Ì ÔÏϤ˜ ¢ηÈ-ڛ˜ Ó· ÙÔ ‰È·ÈÛÙÒÛÔ˘ÌÂ. ∫¿ıÂÔ˘ÛÈ·ÛÙÈ΋ ‰È·ÚıÚˆÙÈ΋ ·ÏÏ·Á‹ÛÙË ¯ÒÚ· ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚ›ÛıËΠˆ˜«ÓÂÔÊÈÏÂχıÂÚË» Î·È ÂÍ ÔÚÈ-ÛÌÔ‡ ·ÓÙÈÎÔÈÓˆÓÈ΋ Î·È ·Ó¿ÏÁË-ÙË.

∂ÚÌËÓ‡ÔÓÙ·˜ÙËÓ Î·Ù¿ÛÙ·ÛË

∞Í›˙ÂÈ ÙÔÓ ÎfiÔ Ó· ÛÎÈ·ÁÚ·-Ê‹ÛÔ˘Ì ÈÔ Û˘ÛÙËÌ·ÙÈο

ÙȘ ·Èٛ˜ Ù˘ ηٿÛÙ·Û˘ ·˘Ù‹˜. πÛÙÔÚÈο, Ë ·Ó·Ù˘Íȷ΋ ˘-

ÛÙ¤ÚËÛË Ù˘ ¯ÒÚ·˜ ¤·ÈÍ ÙÔÓÚfiÏÔ Ù˘. §fiÁˆ Ù˘ ˘ÛÙ¤ÚËÛ˘·˘Ù‹˜, ÔÈ ÂÏ›‰Â˜ ÁÈ· Ó· ÏËÛÈ¿-ÛÂÈ ÙȘ ·Ó·Ù˘Á̤Ó˜ ÎÔÈӈӛ˜,Ó· ηχ„ÂÈ ÁÚ‹ÁÔÚ· ÙÔ ·Ó·Ù˘-ÍÈ·Îfi ¯¿ÛÌ· ÂÓ·ÔÙ¤ıËÎ·Ó ÂÓÔÏÏÔ›˜ ÛÙÔ ÎÚ¿ÙÔ˜. £· ¤ÏÂÁ·ÛˆÛÙ¿ Î·È ·Ó·fiÊ¢ÎÙ·, fiˆ˜‰Â›¯ÓÂÈ Ë ‰ÈÂıÓ‹˜ ÂÌÂÈÚ›·. ∞ÏÏ¿ÙÔ ˙‹ÙËÌ· ‹Ù·Ó fiÙÈ ÂΛÓË Ë ·Ó¿-ıÂÛË ¤ÚÁÔ˘ ‰ÂÓ ÏÂÈÙÔ‡ÚÁËÛ ˆ˜·Ó·Áη›Ô ÂÚÁ·ÏÂ›Ô ÛÂ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ-̤Ó˜ Û˘Óı‹Î˜, ·ÏÏ¿ ˆ˜ ÌfiÓÈÌËηٿÛÙ·ÛË Ì ÂÂÎÙ·ÙÈΤ˜ Ì¿ÏÈ-ÛÙ· ‰È·ı¤ÛÂȘ, Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ Â›¯·ÓÛÙÔ Ù¤ÏÔ˜ ηÌÈ¿ Û¯¤ÛË Ì ÙÔ˘˜·Ó·Ù˘ÍÈ·ÎÔ‡˜ ÛÙfi¯Ô˘˜. £¤ÏˆÓ· ˆ, fiÙÈ Ì ÙË ‰ÈfiÁΈÛË ÙÔ˘ÎÚ¿ÙÔ˘˜ ẨÒÓÔÓÙ·Ó Û˘ÌÂ-ÚÈÊÔÚ¤˜ Ô˘ ·ÓÙÈÛÙÚ·Ù‡ÔÓÙ·ÓÙÔÓ ·ÓÙ·ÁˆÓÈÛÌfi Î·È ÔÏÏ·Ï·-ÛÈ¿ÛÙËÎ·Ó Ù· Û˘ÌʤÚÔÓÙ· ÂÓÙfi˜·˘ÙÔ‡ Î·È Á‡Úˆ ÙÔ˘ Ô˘ Û ÔÚ-Á·ÓˆÌ¤ÓË ÌÔÚÊ‹ ¤‚·Ï·Ó ÔÏÔ-¤Ó· Î·È ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ ÙÔ˘˜ ‰ÈÎÔ‡˜ÙÔ˘˜ ȉȷ›ÙÂÚÔ˘˜ ÔÚÈÛÌÔ‡˜ Û˘Ì-ÊÂÚfiÓÙˆÓ.

™‹ÌÂÚ·, ÙÔ ‰È·ÌÔÚʈ̤ÓÔϤÁÌ· «·Ó·‰È·ÓÂÌËÙÈÎÒÓ Û˘Ì-Ì·¯ÈÒÓ» ÂÓÙfi˜ Î·È ÂÎÙfi˜ ÙÔ˘

ÎÚ¿ÙÔ˘˜ ÂÌÊÔÚÂ›Ù·È ·fi ÙË ‰˘-ÛÈÛÙ›· ÁÈ· ÔÙȉ‹ÔÙ ¤¯ÂÈ Û¯¤-ÛË Ì ‰È·Ê¿ÓÂÈ· (‚Ϥ √Ï˘-Ìȷ΋ Î·È ™Î·Ú·Ì·Áο ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ·Û ÔÏ˘¿ÚÈı̘ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ),Ì ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈ΋ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈÎfi-ÙËÙ· Î·È ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô ·fi ÙËÓ ·ÁÔÚ¿,fiˆ˜ ‰Â›¯ÓÔ˘Ó ÔÈ ·¤Ó·Â˜ ÂȯÂÈ-Ú‹ÛÂȘ ‰È¿ÛˆÛ˘ οı ÚÔ‚ÏË-Ì·ÙÈÎÔ‡ ȉȈÙÈÎÔ‡, Û˘ÓÂÙ·ÈÚÈÛÙÈ-ÎÔ‡ ‹ ÎÚ·ÙÈÎÔ‡ ÊÔÚ¤·. ∆Ô ÁÂÓÈÎfiÎϛ̷ ›ӷÈ, fiˆ˜ ‰È·›ÛÙˆÛÂÚfiÛÊ·Ù· ÙÔ ÚÔ‰ÚÂ›Ô ÙÔ˘™∂µ, ¯ıÚÈÎfi ¤Ó·ÓÙÈ Ù˘ ÂȯÂÈ-ÚËÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜4.

∏ ÂÏ·ÙÂȷ΋ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ ·Ú¿-‰ÔÛË ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Â›Û˘ ÛÙȘ Ú›˙˜ÙÔ˘ ›ÌÔÓÔ˘ ·ÓÙÈÊÈÏÂÏ¢ıÂÚÈ-ÛÌÔ‡ ÛÙËÓ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·. √ ÏfiÁÔ˜ ›-Ó·È ·Ïfi˜: √È Ú·ÎÙÈΤ˜ Ù˘ Ù›-ÓÔ˘Ó Ó· ·Ú·Î¿Ì„Ô˘Ó ‹ ‰È·-ÛÙÚ¤„Ô˘Ó ÙȘ ÔÚÈ˙fiÓÙȘ Û¯¤ÛÂȘÙ˘ ·ÁÔÚ¿˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ·ÓÙ·ÁˆÓÈ-ÛÌÔ‡ Ì οıÂÙ˜ ÂÏ·ÙÂȷΤ˜ Û¤ӷ ¢ڇ ̤وÔ. °ÂÓÈο ˘Ô-ÛÙËÚ›˙ˆ, fiÙÈ ÙÔ ÂÏ·ÙÂÈ·Îfi Û‡-ÛÙËÌ· ÚÔÛ‰ÈfiÚÈÛ ÙȘ Û¯¤ÛÂȘÎÚ¿ÙÔ˘˜ Î·È ÔÏÈÙÒÓ Î·È Û˘ÚÚ›-ÎÓˆÛ ·ÂÏÈÛÙÈο ÙÔ ¤‰·ÊÔ˜ÁÈ· ÌÈ· ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›· ¯ÂÈÚ·ÊÂÙË̤ÓË·fi ÙÔ ÎÚ¿ÙÔ˜.

µ¤‚·È·, ÙÔ Û‡ÛÙËÌ· ·˘Ùfi ÌÂ-Ù·ÌÔÚÊÒıËΠÙȘ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Â˜‰˘Ô ‰ÂηÂٛ˜. ∞fi ÙËÓ ¿Ó·Ú¯Ë‰È·ÌÂÛÔÏ¿‚ËÛË ÂÓfi˜ ÛÙÚÒÌ·ÙÔ˜·ÓÙ·ÁˆÓÈ˙fiÌÂÓˆÓ ÔÏÈÙ¢ÙÒÓ(Ô˘ ÙÔ˘˜ ÂÚÈÁÚ¿ÊÂÈ Ôχ Î·Ï¿Ô ‰ÈfiÏÔ˘ ÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi˜ ∞ϤͷӉÚÔ˜¶··‰È·Ì¿ÓÙ˘ Û ¤Ó· ·fi Ù·ÔÏÈÙÈÎfiÙÂÚ· ‰ÈËÁ‹Ì·Ù¿ ÙÔ˘,ÙÔ˘˜ ÷ϷÛÔ¯ˆÚ›‰Â˜) ÂÚ¿Û·ÌÂÛÙËÓ “·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹” ÁÚ·ÊÂÈÔÎÚ·ÙÈ΋·ÙÚˆÓ›· . ∆Ô ÎfiÌÌ· ·Ó¤Ï·‚ÂÙËÓ ÔÚÁ¿ÓˆÛË Ù˘ ‰È·ÌÂÛÔÏ¿‚Ë-Û˘. ∫·È ÛÙȘ ‰˘Ô ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ,ÙÔ ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· ‹Ù·Ó Ó· ‰ÈÔÁÎÒ-ÓÂÙ·È ÙÔ ÎÚ¿ÙÔ˜ ηÈ, Ê˘ÛÈο, Ó·ÌË ÂÌÈÛÙ‡ÂÙ·È Î·Ó¤Ó·˜ ÙȘ Â-οÛÙÔÙ ‰ËÏÒÛÂȘ ÂÚ› ÂχıÂ-

Page 14: European Expression - Issue 50

12 ∂ § § ∞ ¢ ∞ & º π § ∂ § ∂ À £ ∂ ƒ π ™ ª √ ™

EYPø¶A´KH EKºPA™H ñ Ù. 50 ñ 3O TPIMHNO 2003

Ú˘ ·ÁÔÚ¿˜. ™Â ¿ÏÏÔ˘˜ ¯ÒÚÔ˘˜ ηÈ, ΢ڛˆ˜

ÛÙËÓ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ¿, ‹Ù·Ó ΢ڛˆ˜ ËÔ˘ÙÔÈ΋ ÛΤ„Ë Ô˘ ÙÚÔÊÔ‰fi-ÙËÛ ¤Ó· ÛÎÏËÚfi ·ÓÙÈÊÈÏÂÏ¢ıÂ-ÚÈÛÌfi5. H Ô˘ÙÔ›· ÂÍ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı›ӷ ÂÂÓÂÚÁ› ·Ú¿ ÙËÓ Î·Ù¿Ú-Ú¢ÛË ÙÔ˘ ˘·ÚÎÙÔ‡ ÛÔÛÈ·ÏÈ-ÛÌÔ‡.

∞ÎfiÌË Î·È Ë ¤ÓÙ·ÍË Ù˘ ∂ÏÏ¿-‰·˜ ÛÙËÓ ∂∂ ›¯Â ‰˘ÛÌÂÓ›˜ ÂÓÔÏÏÔ›˜ ÂȉڿÛÂȘ ¿Óˆ ÛÙȘۯ¤ÛÂȘ ÎÚ¿ÙÔ˘˜ Î·È ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜.∆Ô‡ÙÔ ‰ÂÓ Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ ÂÂȉ‹ fiÏË Ë‰È·¯Â›ÚÈÛË Î·È Î·Ù·ÓÔÌ‹ ÙˆÓ ÎÔÈ-ÓÔÙÈÎÒÓ fiÚˆÓ ÂÚÓ¿ ·fi ÙÔÎÔÌÌ·ÙÈο ÂÏÂÁ¯fiÌÂÓÔ ÎÚ¿ÙÔ˜.∆· ‰È·ÚıÚˆÙÈο Ù·Ì›· ‰ÂÓ ÂÍ·-Ûı¤ÓÈÛ·Ó ÙÔÓ ÂÓ·ÁηÏÈÛÌfi Ù˘ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜ ·fi ÙÔ ÎÔÌÌ·ÙÈÎfi ÎÚ¿-ÙÔ˜, Ô‡Ù ÂÓ›Û¯˘Û·Ó ÛÔ‚·Ú¿ ÙËÓ·ÓÂÍ·ÚÙËÛ›· ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎÒÓ ıÂ-ÛÌÒÓ, Ô‡Ù ‰ÈÂ‡Ú˘Ó·Ó ÙË Û˘ÌÌÂ-ÙÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ ÔÏ›ÙË ÛÙȘ ‰È·‰Èηۛ˜‰È·ÌfiÚʈÛ˘ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜. ∞‡ÍË-Û·Ó fï˜ ÙȘ ı¤ÛÂȘ ÔÏÈÙÈÎÔ‡ÚÔÛˆÈÎÔ‡, ÙȘ ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ˜¯ÂÈÚ·ÁÒÁËÛ˘ ÌË Î˘‚ÂÚÓËÙÈÎÒÓÔÚÁ·ÓÒÛˆÓ, ÙȘ ‰È¢ıÂÙ‹ÛÂȘ Â-ÎÙfi˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂϤÁ¯Ô˘ Ù˘ ·ÁÔÚ¿˜.

ºÈÏÂχıÂÚ˜ ȉ¤Â˜Î·È «ÌÏfiÎ Û˘ÌÊÂÚfiÓÙˆÓ»

ÃÚÂÈ¿˙ÂÙ·È ÌÂÁ¿ÏË È‰ÂÔÏÔÁÈ-΋-ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈ΋ ÚÔÛ¿-

ıÂÈ· ÁÈ· Ó· ·Ó·Ùڷ› ¤Ó· Ó¢-Ì·ÙÈÎfi Îϛ̷ Î·È ÁÈ· Ó· ÙÚÔÔ-ÔÈËıÔ‡Ó Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚ¤˜ Ô˘ ÌÂÔÈΛÏÔ˘˜ ÙÚfiÔ˘˜ ¢ÓÔÔ‡Ó ÙËÓ¤ÎÙ·ÛË Î·È ÙËÓ ·Ó·ÔÙÂÏÂ-ÛÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘ ÎÚ¿ÙÔ˘˜ .¶Ú¿ÁÌ·ÙÈ, Ë Îϛ̷η Î·È ÔÈ ÌÔÚ-ʤ˜ ·Ú¤Ì‚·Û˘ ÙÔ˘ ÂÏÏËÓÈÎÔ‡ÎÚ¿ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙËÓ ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌ›·, ηıÒ˜Î·È Ù· ›ÌÔÓ· ȉÂÔÏÔÁ‹Ì·Ù·Ô˘ ÙÔ Û˘Óԉ‡ԢÓ, οÓÔ˘Ó Â-ÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ ·fi ÔÙ¤ ¿ÏÏÔÙ ηȷfi ηÈÚfi ·Ó·Áη›· ÙËÓ ·Ó¿‰ÂÈ-

ÍË ÊÈÏÂχıÂÚˆÓ ÛÙÔ¯·ÛÌÒÓ.∂ÈϤÔÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‰È·ÌÔÚʈı› ÔÈ-ÎÔÓÔÌÈΤ˜ ‰Ô̤˜ Ô˘ Ù›ÓÔ˘Ó Ó·ÂÍÔ˘‰ÂÙÂÚÒÛÔ˘Ó ‚·ÛÈο ÊÈÏÂ-χıÂÚ· ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈο ÙÔ˘ Ô-ÏÈÙÂÈ·ÎÔ‡ ηıÂÛÙÒÙÔ˜. £ÂˆÚÒÛ˘Ó¤˜ Î·È Ì›˙ÔÓ fiÙÈ Ë ¡¢ ¤¯ÂÈı¤ÛÂÈ ·ÓÔȯٿ ÙÔ ˙‹ÙËÌ· Ù˘ ‰È·-ÏÔ΋˜ Î·È Ù˘ ‰È·ÊıÔÚ¿˜. ∞ÚΛӷ ÁÓˆÚ›˙ÂÈ ÙÈ ¤ÚÁÔ ÙËÓ ÂÚÈ̤-ÓÂÈ ÎÂÚ‰›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ÂÎÏÔÁ¤˜.

∂›Û˘, ÙÔ ÊÈÏÂχıÂÚÔ ÂÁ-¯Â›ÚËÌ· ¤¯ÂÈ Ó· ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆ›ÛÂÈÙËÓ ·ÓÙÈÊÈÏÂχıÂÚË ‰ËÌ·Áˆ-Á›·, Ô˘ ÛÎfiÈÌ· Ù·˘Ù›˙ÂÈ ÔÙȉ‹-ÔÙ ·ÓÙ›ÎÂÈÙ·È ÛÙÔÓ ÎÚ·ÙÈÛÌfi ̤ӷ ·ÎÚ·›Ô ÓÂÔÊÈÏÂÏ¢ıÂÚÈÛÌfi.¢ÂÓ ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ÂÏÏËÓÈÎfi Ê·È-ÓfiÌÂÓÔ ÌfiÓÔ. ∫·Ù¿ ÙË ÁÓÒÌËÌÔ˘ ÛËÌ·‰Â‡ÂÈ ÙË ÚËÙÔÚÈ΋ ηȿÏÏˆÓ ÛÔÛÈ·ÏÈÛÙÈÎÒÓ ‹ ÛÔÛÈ·Ï-‰ËÌÔÎÚ·ÙÈÎÒÓ ÎÔÌÌ¿ÙˆÓ. ŒÙÛÈ,ÂÓÙÂÏÒ˜ ÚfiÛÊ·Ù·, Ô EdmundStoiber ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚ›ÛıËΠˆ˜ «ÓÂ-ÔÊÈÏÂχıÂÚÔ˜», Ú¿ÁÌ· ‚¤‚·È·Ô˘ ÂÏ¿¯ÈÛÙ· ·ÓÙ·ÔÎÚ›ÓÂÙ·ÈÛÙËÓ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ Ú¿ÍË ÙˆÓ ™ÔÛÈ·Ï-¯ÚÈÛÙÈ·ÓÒÓ Ù˘ µ·˘·Ú›·˜, Ô˘ Â-Ê·ÚÌfi˙Ô˘Ó ÔÏÈÙÈΤ˜ Û˘ÓÂȉË-Ù‹˜ ÛÙ‹ÚÈ͢ ÂÓfi˜ ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈÎÔ‡ÂÎÛ˘Á¯ÚÔÓÈÛÌÔ‡ (‰ËÏ·‰‹ ÂÓÂÚ-Áfi ‚ÈÔÌ˯·ÓÈ΋ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋) Î·È ˘-Ô‰ÔÌÒÓ Ô˘ fï˜ ¤¯Â ˆ˜ ÁÓÒ-ÌÔÓ· ÙȘ ··ÈÙ‹ÛÂȘ Ù˘ ·ÁÎfi-ÛÌÈ·˜ ·ÁÔÚ¿˜. ∆Ô ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ·Â›Ó·È Ë ¯·ÌËÏfiÙÂÚË ·ÓÂÚÁ›·ÛÙËÓ ∂˘ÚÒË.

À¿Ú¯ÂÈ fï˜ Î·È ¤Ó·˜ ·ÎfiÌËÏfiÁÔ˜, Ô˘ ·fi Ú·ÎÙÈ΋ ¿Ô„ËÂ›Ó·È ›Ûˆ˜ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfiÙÂÚÔ˜. ∆· Â-ÈÎÚ·ÙÔ‡ÓÙ· ȉÂÔÏÔÁÈο Ú‡̷-Ù·- ‰È¿ÊÔÚ˜ ÂΉԯ¤˜ ÙÔ˘ ÎÚ·ÙÈ-ÛÌÔ‡- ¤¯Ô˘Ó ·ÔÎÙ‹ÛÂÈ ÌÂÁ¿ÏËÂÈÚÚÔ‹ ÛÙËÓ ÂıÓÈ΋ ‰ÈÔÈÎËÙÈ΋ÁÚ·ÊÂÈÔÎÚ·Ù›·. ªÈ· ΢‚¤ÚÓËÛËÔ˘ ·Ó·‚·ıÌ›˙ÂÈ ÙË ÊÈÏÂχıÂÚˉȿÛÙ·ÛË ÛÙËÓ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ Ù˘ ı· ¤-¯ÂÈ ·¤Ó·ÓÙ› Ù˘ ¤Ó· ÁÈÁ·ÓÙÈ·›ÔÌ˯·ÓÈÛÌfi Ô˘ ı· ‘Ó·È, ·fi ȉÂ-

ÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ¿Ô„Ë, ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈοÚÔÛ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈṲ̂ÓÔ˜, ı· ‘¯ÂÈ ¿Ï-ÏË ¿Ô„Ë ÁÂÓÈο. ∞fi ÙÔ 1981 ¤-¯ÂÈ Á›ÓÂÈ ÌÈ· Û˘ÛÙËÌ·ÙÈ΋ ÚÔ-Û¿ıÂÈ· ÎÔÌÌ·ÙÈ΋˜ ‰È›ۉ˘Û˘ÛÙË ‰ËÌfiÛÈ· ‰ÈÔ›ÎËÛË, fiˆ˜ ÂÈ-‚‚·›ˆÛ ÚfiÛÊ·ÙË ÂÌÂÈÚÈ΋ ¤-Ú¢ӷ6. ŒÓ·˜ ÙÂÚ¿ÛÙÈÔ˜ ·ÚÈıÌfi˜ÔÏÈÙÈÎÒÓ Â˘ÓÔÔ˘Ì¤ÓˆÓ ‰ÈÔÚ›-ÛıËΠ̠ÔÏÈÙÈο ÎÚÈÙ‹ÚÈ· Î·È ·-Ó¿ÏÔÁ˜ ·ÓÙÈÏ‹„ÂȘ. ∞˘Ù‹ Ë«ÔÏÈÙÈÎÔÔ›ËÛË» fi¯È ÌfiÓÔ ÚÔ-ηÏ› ‰˘ÛÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›Â˜ ÛÙËÓ ÎÚ·-ÙÈ΋ ‰ÈÔ›ÎËÛË, ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È Û ÂÚ›-ÙˆÛË ·Ófi‰Ô˘ ÌÈ·˜ ÊÈÏÂχıÂ-Ú˘ ΢‚¤ÚÓËÛ˘ ı· ·Ô‰Âȯı›ÔÁÎfiÏÈıÔ˜ Ì ·ÁȈ̤Ó˜ ·ÓÙÈ-Ï‹„ÂȘ (Î·È ÔÚÈÛÌÔ‡˜ Û˘ÌÊÂÚfi-ÓÙˆÓ) Ô˘ ı· ·ÓÙÈÛÙ¤ÎÂÙ·È Û Ô-ÔÈ·‰‹ÔÙ ÛÔ‚·Ú‹ ÌÂÙ·ÚÚ‡ıÌÈ-ÛË- Ú¿ÁÌ· ¿ÏψÛÙ Ԣ Û˘Ì-‚·›ÓÂÈ Î·È Û‹ÌÂÚ·.

ºÈÏÂχıÂÚÔ˜Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi˜Î·È Ӥ˜ Û˘Óı¤ÛÂȘ

∆ÂÏÂÈÒÓÔÓÙ·˜ ı· ‹ıÂÏ· Ó· ÍÂ-ηı·Ú›Ûˆ ÌÂÚÈΤ˜ ¤ÓÓÔȘ.

ªÈÏÒÓÙ·˜ ÁÈ· ÊÈÏÂÏ¢ıÂÚÈÛÌfi‰ÂÓ ¤¯ˆ ÛÙÔ Ì˘·Ïfi ÌÔ˘ οÔÈ·Ó¤· Ô˘ÙÔ›· Ù˘ ÂχıÂÚ˘ ·ÁÔ-Ú¿˜ ‹ ‰ÔÁÌ·ÙÈο ÂȯÂÈÚ‹Ì·Ù·ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ›‰È· ηÙ‡ı˘ÓÛË, .¯.ÁÈ· ÌÈ· «‰Ú·ÛÙÈ΋ Ì›ˆÛË ÙÔ˘ÎÚ¿ÙÔ˘˜ ÙÂÏ›· ·‡Ï·», Ô˘ Û·˘Ù‹ ÙË ÌÔÚÊ‹ Â›Ó·È Ì¿ÏÏÔÓ ÌÈ·ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ·ÙÈ΋ ¿Ô„Ë.

™‹ÌÂÚ·, ÌÂÚÈο ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù···ÈÙÔ‡Ó ‚¤‚·È· Ù˘Èο ÊÈÏÂχ-ıÂÚ˜ χÛÂȘ- Û ·˘Ùfi ÓÔÌ›˙ˆ fi-ÙÈ Â›Ì·ÛÙ ϤÔÓ Û‡ÌʈÓÔÈ, fi-ˆ˜ .¯. ÙÔ Î·ıÂÛÙÒ˜ ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÈÓ‹ˆÊ¤ÏÂÈ·, ÙÔ Î·ıÂÛÙÒ˜ ÙˆÓªª∂, Ë ‰È·ÏÔ΋ ÂȯÂÈÚËÌ·ÙÈ-ÎÒÓ Û˘ÌÊÂÚfiÓÙˆÓ, ÎÚ¿ÙÔ˘˜ ηÈÎÔÌÌ·ÙÈ΋˜ ÁÚ·ÊÂÈÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜ ηÈ,ÔˆÛ‰‹ÔÙÂ Ë ÂÈ‚ÔÏ‹ ÙÔ˘ Ófi-ÌÔ˘ ( rule of the law). ÕÏÏ· ÚÔ-

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EYPø¶A´KH EKºPA™H ñ Ù. 50 ñ 3O TPIMHNO 2003

‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· fï˜ ··ÈÙÔ‡Ó ·Ï¿ ¤-Ó· ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎfi ÎÚ¿ÙÔ˜, ‰ËÏ·‰‹¤Ó· ÎÚ¿ÙÔ˜ Ì ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈΤ˜ÚÔÙÂÚ·ÈfiÙËÙ˜ Î·È ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈ-ÎÔ‡˜ ÙÚfiÔ˘˜ ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹˜ ÙˆÓ‰ËÌfiÛÈˆÓ ·Á·ıÒÓ Î·È Û˘Ì‚ÔÏ‹˜ÛÙËÓ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË. ™Î¤ÙÔÌ·È .¯.ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›Â˜ Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó Û¯¤ÛË ÌÂÙÔ ·ÓıÚÒÈÓÔ ÎÂÊ¿Ï·ÈÔ, ÙË ¯ˆ-ÚÔÙ·Í›· Ì ÙËÓ ·˘ıÂÓÙÈ΋ Ù˘ ¤Ó-ÓÔÈ·, ÙÔÓ Û¯Â‰È·ÛÌfi ÙˆÓ ÌËÙÚÔ-ÔÏÈÙÈÎÒÓ ¯ÒÚˆÓ Î·È Ù˘ ˘ÏÈ΋˜˘Ô‰ÔÌ‹˜ Ù˘ ¯ÒÚ·˜. ∞ÏÏ¿ ηÈÂ‰Ò ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÂÚÈıÒÚÈ· ÁÈ·Ú˘ıÌ›ÛÂȘ Û ÊÈÏÂχıÂÚÔ Ó‡-Ì·, ¯ˆÚ›˜ ·ÔÏ˘ÙÔÔÈ‹ÛÂȘ.

¢ÂÓ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ·˘ÛÙËÚ‹ Î·È ·Ó·-Áη›· Û‡Ó‰ÂÛË ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙÔÓ ÊÈ-ÏÂÏ¢ıÂÚÈÛÌfi ÁÂÓÈο Î·È Û ·-ÎÚ·›Â˜ ÂΉԯ¤˜ ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈÎÔ‡ ÊÈ-ÏÂÏ¢ıÂÚÈÛÌÔ‡ (“ÓÂÔÊÈÏÂÏ¢ıÂ-ÚÈÛÌfi”). √ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô˜ ÂÍ ÔÚÈ-ÛÌÔ‡ ·ÔÎÏ›ÂÈ ÙËÓ ·Ú¤Ì‚·ÛËÙÔ˘ ÎÚ¿ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙËÓ ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌ›· ηÈοı ÂÚÈÔÚÈÛÌfi Ù˘ ÂÏ¢ıÂÚ›·˜ÙÔ˘ ·ÙfiÌÔ˘ ÛÙËÓ ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌ›·. √È“ÓÂÔÊÈÏÂχıÂÚÔÈ” ·Ú·Ì¤ÓÔ˘ÓÌÈ· ÌÂÈÔ„ËÊ›· ÂÓÙfi˜ ÙÔ˘ ¢ڇÙÂ-ÚÔ˘, Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓÔ˘ ÊÈÏÂχıÂÚÔ˘Ú‡̷ÙÔ˜.

ŸÌˆ˜, Ë Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓË ÊÈÏÂχıÂ-ÚË ÛΤ„Ë ÌÔÚ› Ó· Î˘Ì·›ÓÂÙ·È ·-Ó¿ÌÂÛ· Û ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ˜ ÔÈÎÔÓÔ-ÌÈΤ˜ ÂÏ¢ıÂڛ˜ (ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚË ·-ÁÔÚ¿) Î·È ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚË ÎÚ·ÙÈ΋·Ú¤Ì‚·ÛË ‹ Ú‡ıÌÈÛË, ·Ó¿ÏÔÁ·Ì ÙȘ ÂÔÈı‹ÛÂȘ , ÙËÓ ÈÛÙÔÚÈ΋‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ Î·È ÙȘ ÙÔÈΤ˜ Û˘Óı‹-Θ. ŒÙÛÈ ÛÙËÓ Ú¿ÍË ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙Ô-ÓÙ·È ‰È¿ÊÔÚ· Ì›ÁÌ·Ù· ÂÓfi˜ ÎÔÈ-ÓˆÓÈÎÔ‡, Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÛÙÈÎÔ‡, ·Ó·ıÂ-ˆÚË̤ÓÔ˘ ÊÈÏÂÏ¢ıÂÚÈÛÌÔ‡7.

ªÂ ¿ÏÏ· ÏfiÁÈ· ‚Ϥˆ ÙÔÓ ÊÈ-ÏÂÏ¢ıÂÚÈÛÌfi ˆ˜ ÌÈ· ‚·ÛÈ΋,·ÏÏ¿ fi¯È ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈ΋ Û˘ÓÈÛÙÒ-Û· οı ۇÁ¯ÚÔÓ˘ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈ΋˜. ªÂ ÙËÓ ¤ÓÓÔÈ··˘Ù‹ ›Û˘ ˘ÔÛÙËÚ›˙ˆ fiÙÈ Ë·˘ÚÈ·Ó‹ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Á›-

ÓÂÈ Û·ÊÒ˜ ÈÔ ÊÈÏÂχıÂÚË.™˘Ó¯›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ÙËÓ ÚfiÙ·Û‹

ÌÔ˘ ÁÈ· Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi Î·È Û˘Óı¤-ÛÂȘ, ÛËÌÂÈÒÓˆ fiÙÈ ‰ÂÓ Ú¤ÂÈÓ· ·Ú·‚Ï¤Ô˘Ì fiÙÈ ÙÔ ÎÚ¿ÙÔ˜¤·ÈÍ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi ÚfiÏÔ Û fiÏËÙËÓ ∂˘ÚÒË (Î·È ·ÏÏÔ‡) ÛÙË ÌÂ-Ù·ÔÏÂÌÈ΋ ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô. ¢ÂÓ ¤¯ÂÈÓfiËÌ· Ó· ··ÈÙ›˜ ·Ï¿ «roll thestate back”, fiÛÔ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi Î·È ·ÓÂ›Ó·È ·˘Ùfi Û οÌÔÛÔ˘˜ ÙÔÌ›˜.

√ Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓÔ˜ ÊÈÏÂÏ¢ıÂÚÈ-ÛÌfi˜ ηÈ, ÔˆÛ‰‹ÔÙ ÌÂÚÈο ·-fi Ù· ϤÔÓ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓÙ· Ú‡-Ì·Ù¿ ÙÔ˘, Â›Ó·È ·ÓÔȯÙfi˜ Û ˙Ë-Ù‹Ì·Ù· ·ÔÙ˘¯ÈÒÓ Ù˘ ·ÁÔÚ¿˜Î·È, Ù·˘Ùfi¯ÚÔÓ·, Û ˙ËÙ‹Ì·Ù· ·-ÔÙ˘¯ÈÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ÎÚ¿ÙÔ˘˜8. ¶Ú·ÎÙÈ-ο ·˘Ùfi ÛËÌ·›ÓÂÈ fiÙÈ ‰ÂÓ ·ÌÊÈ-Û‚ËÙ› fiÙÈ ÙÔ ÎÚ¿ÙÔ˜ ÓÔÌÈÌÔÔÈ-Â›Ù·È Ó· ‰Ú· Î·È Ó· ·ÚÂÌ‚·›ÓÂÈÛ ÛÂÈÚ¿ ÔÏfiÎÏËÚË ıÂÌ¿ÙˆÓ, ·Ï-Ï¿ ÚÔÛ·ı› Ó· ÔÚ›ÛÂÈ Ò˜, fi-ÙÂ Î·È Ì ÔȘ ÚÔ¸Ôı¤ÛÂȘ Â-ÈÙÚ¤ÂÙ·È Ë ÎÚ·ÙÈ΋ ·Ú¤Ì‚·-ÛË. ™Â ¿ÏÏË ‰È·Ù‡ˆÛË, Â›Ó·È ¤-Ó· Ì›ÁÌ· ·Ú¯ÒÓ, Î·È ÌÂıfi‰ˆÓ‰Ú¿Û˘ fiÔ˘ ÔÈ ÂÏ¢ıÂڛ˜ ¤-¯Ô˘Ó ÎÂÓÙÚÈ΋ ı¤ÛË. ∫·È ÚÔ-ÛʤÚÂÈ ‰È¿ÊÔÚ˜ ÔÈÎÈϛ˜ ÙÔ˘Ì›ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜ ·Ó¿ÏÔÁ· Ì ÙȘ Û˘Óı‹-Θ ÌÈ·˜ ¯ÒÚ·˜, Ì ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈ-ÛÙÈÎfi ÙÔ˘˜ ÙË ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈ΋ ÈÛÔÚ-ÚÔ›· ÙˆÓ ÛÙÔȯ›ˆÓ Ô˘ ÙÔ˘ÎÏËÚÔ‰fiÙËÛÂ Ë ÈÛÙÔÚ›·.

°È· ÙÔ˘˜ ·Ú·¿Óˆ ÏfiÁÔ˘˜ ı·ÌÔÚÔ‡Û ηÓ›˜ Ó· ÌÈÏ‹ÛÂÈ ÁÈ·¤Ó· ÊÈÏÂχıÂÚÔ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi ‹ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎfi ÊÈÏÂÏ¢ıÂÚÈÛÌfi ÁÈ· Ó·Û˘ÓÔ„›ÛÂÈ ÌÈ· Èı·ÓÒ˜ ÚÔÛÊÂ-ÚfiÌÂÓË ‰¤ÛÌË Î·ıˉËÁËÙÈÎÒÓ È-‰ÂÒÓ. °È·Ù›, ÂÓÙ¤ÏÂÈ, ÙÔ ÎÚ¿ÙÔ˜ (‹Ë ΢‚¤ÚÓËÛË) ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ¿¯ÚËÛÙÔϤÁÌ· ıÂÛÌÒÓ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·ÓÙÈÌÂ-ÙÒÈÛË ÙˆÓ ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ¿ÙˆÓ Ù˘ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜- ·Ú¿ Ù· fiÚÈ¿ ÙÔ˘˜.

™‹ÌÂÚ·, Ë ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈ΋ ÂÈÛÙ‹-ÌË, ·ÍÈÔÔÈÔ‡ÌÂÓË ·‰ÔÁÌ¿ÙÈÛÙ·,·Ó·‰Â›¯ÓÂÈ fiÏ· ÂΛӷ Ù· ÛÙÔÈ-

¯Â›· Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ·Ó·Áη›· ÁÈ· Û‡Á-¯ÚÔÓ˜ Û˘Óı¤ÛÂȘ! Ÿˆ˜ Ì·˜ ˘-ÂÓı‡ÌÈ˙Â Ô ∞ÚÈÛÙ›‰Ë˜ ÷Ù˙‹˜9

¤¯ÂÈ Ï¤ÔÓ ‰È·ÌÔÚʈı› ÌÈ· Ô-χÌÔÚÊË ıˆÚËÙÈ΋ ·Ú¿‰ÔÛËÁÈ· ÙÔ ÎÚ¿ÙÔ˜ Î·È ÙËÓ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋,Ô˘ ·ÌÊÈÛ‚ËÙ› ÂÍȉ·ÓÈ·ÛÂȘÙÔ˘ ·ÚÂÏıfiÓÙÔ˜ Î·È Ì·˜ οÓÂÈÈÔ ‰‡ÛÈÛÙÔ˘˜ ·¤Ó·ÓÙÈ ÛÙÔ Ô-ÏÈÙÈÎfi ÚÔÛˆÈÎfi Î·È ÛÙÔÓ ÂÎÙÂ-ٷ̤ÓÔ ·ÚÂÌ‚·ÙÈÛÌfi. ∏ «Û¯ÔÏ‹Ù˘ ‰ËÌfiÛÈ·˜ ÂÈÏÔÁ‹˜» .¯. Â-·ÓÂͤٷÛÂ, ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· Û ¿ÏÏ·ÙË Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚ¿ ÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÈÎÒÓ,ˆ˜ ÔÏÈÙÈÎÒÓ ÂȯÂÈÚËÌ·ÙÈÒÓ, ηÈÙ˘ ÁÚ·ÊÂÈÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜, Û˘Ì‚¿ÏÏÔ-ÓÙ·˜ ÛÙËÓ ·ÔÌ˘ıÔÔ›ËÛË Î·ÈÙˆÓ ‰‡Ô Î·È Î·Ù·Ï‹ÁÔÓÙ·˜ ÛÂηÈÓÔÙfi̘ ÚÔÙ¿ÛÂȘ ÁÈ· ÌÂÙ·Ú-Ú‡ıÌÈÛË ÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÈÎÒÓ ıÂÛÌÒÓ,Ô˘, ÛËÌÂÈÒÓˆ, ‚Ú‹Î·Ó ÙËÓ Â›ÛÔ-‰fi ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙÔ Û‡ÛÙËÌ· Ù˘ ∂∂ (‰Â-ÛÌ¢ÙÈÎÔ› ηÓfiÓ˜ ÁÈ· ÙË ‰ËÌÔ-ÛÈÔÓÔÌÈ΋ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋, ·ÓÂÍ¿ÚÙËÙ˜·Ú¯¤˜, ·ÔÔÏÈÙÈÎÔÔ›ËÛË ÙÔ˘¯Ú‹Ì·ÙÔ˜). ∞fi ÙËÓ ¿ÏÏË ÌÂÚÈ¿,ÓÂfiÙÂÚ˜ ıˆڛ˜ ·ÓÂÍÂÙ¿-˙Ô˘Ó ÙȘ ÚÔ¸Ôı¤ÛÂȘ ÁÈ· ÙË ıÂ-ÛÌÔı¤ÙËÛË Ù˘ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎÔÔÈÎÔÓÔ-ÌÈ΋˜ Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ Û ‰È¿ÊÔڷ›‰· Î·È ÁÈ· ¤Ó· ·Ó·Óˆ̤ÓÔÎÚ·ÙÈÎfi ·ÎÙÈ‚ÈÛÌfi. √ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô˜,·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· Û ¿ÏÏ·, ‰ÂÛ̇ÂÙ·È ·-fi ÛÙ·ıÂÚÔ‡˜ ηÓfiÓ˜, ‰ËÌÈÔ˘Ú-Á› ıÂÛÌÔ‡˜ Ô˘ ÂÓ‰˘Ó·ÌÒÓÔ˘ÓÙËÓ ‚‚·ÈfiÙËÙ· Î·È ÙÔÓ «Û˘ÓÙÔÓÈ-ÛÌfi» ÂÎÙfi˜ ·ÁÔÚ¿˜ Î·È ˘Ô‰Â›-¯ÓÂÈ ÙȘ ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ˜ ˘ÂÚÂıÓÈ-΋˜ ‰Ú¿Û˘. ∏ ÂÈÛÙ‹ÌË Â›Ó·ÈÏÔÈfiÓ «ÔÏ˘·Ú·‰ÂÈÁÌ·ÙÈ΋».

√È Û˘Óı¤ÛÂȘÛÙËÓ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋:∏ «ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈ΋ ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌ›·Ù˘ ·ÁÔÚ¿˜».

∞ÏÏ¿ Î·È Ë ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ ·Ó·˙ËÙ¿ÙȘ Û˘Óı¤ÛÂȘ. ŒÓ· ÎfiÌÌ·

ÌÔÚ› Ó· ÚÔ‚¿ÏÂÈ ‹ ˘ÂÚ·Û›-

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EYPø¶A´KH EKºPA™H ñ Ù. 50 ñ 3O TPIMHNO 2003

˙ÂÙ·È ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ ‹ ÏÈÁfiÙÂÚÔÊÈÏÂχıÂÚ˜ ȉ¤Â˜ Î·È ·Í›Â˜-ÙËÓ ·ÓÔ¯‹, ÙËÓ ·ÙÔÌÈÎfiÙËÙ·, ‰˘-ÛÈÛÙ›· ¤Ó·ÓÙÈ ·Ú·‰ÔÛÈ·ÎÒÓ·˘Ù·Ú¯ÈÎÒÓ Û¯¤ÛˆÓ, ÙËÓ ·Ó¿-ÁÎË ÁÈ· ΢‚¤ÚÓËÛË Ì ÙË Û˘Áη-Ù¿ıÂÛË Ù˘ ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜, ÙËÓ Â˘ı‡-ÓË ÙÔ˘ ηıÂÓfi˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ËıÈ΋ ÙÔ˘˙ˆ‹, ÙËÓ ·ÓÂÍ¿ÚÙËÙË ·fi ÙÔ ÎÚ¿-ÙÔ˜ ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›· ÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÒÓ ÎÏ-Î·È ÂΛ ·Ú¯›˙Ô˘Ó ÔÈ ‰È·ÊÔÚ¤˜.∂Âȉ‹ fï˜ Ù· ÌÂÁ¿Ï· ÎfiÌÌ·-Ù·, ·fi ÙË Ê‡ÛË ÙÔ˘˜ ÔÏ˘Û˘Ï-ÏÂÎÙÈο, ·Â˘ı‡ÓÔÓÙ·È Û ÔÈΛ-Ï· ÛÙÚÒÌ·Ù·, Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ·Ó·˙Ë-ÙÔ‡Ó ÙÚfiÔ˘˜ Ó· Û˘Ì‚È‚¿ÛÔ˘ÓÙȘ ·Ú¯¤˜ ·˘Ù¤˜ Ì ¿ÏϘ, Ô˘‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ÂÁÁÂÓÒ˜ ÊÈÏÂχıÂ-Ú˜, ·ÏÏ¿ ËÁ¿˙Ô˘Ó ·fi ÙË Û˘-ÓÙËÚËÙÈ΋ Î·È ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹ ÛΤ„Ë.¢ÂÓ Â›Ó·È Â‡ÎÔÏÔ ¤ÚÁÔ, ÔÌÔÏÔ-ÁÔ˘Ì¤Óˆ˜ Ó· Û˘Ì‚È‚¿˙ÂȘ ÚÔ-ÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈο ÙȘ ÂÏ¢ıÂڛ˜ ÙÔ˘·ÙfiÌÔ˘ Ì ÙËÓ ·Ú¿‰ÔÛË, ÙËÓ¢ı‡ÓË ¤Ó·ÓÙÈ ÙÔ˘ ¤ıÓÔ˘˜ ‹ Ù˘ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ·˜ ‹ ÙËÓ ·ÏÏËÏÂÁÁ‡Ë-·Ú¯¤˜ Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÙË ‰È΋ ÙÔ˘˜ÓÔÌÈÌÔÔ›ËÛË Î·È ‰Èη›ˆÛË.∞ÏÏ¿ ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È Î·È ÚfiÛÊ·ÙÔÊ·ÈÓfiÌÂÓÔ. ∞˘Ùfi Ì·˜ ˘ÂÓı˘Ì›-˙ÂÈ .¯. Ë ÌÂÙ·ÔÏÂÌÈ΋ ÁÂÚÌ·ÓÈ-΋ ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈ΋ ÈÛÙÔÚ›· Ì ÙË ¯·-Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈ΋ ÛÙfi¯Â˘ÛË Ù˘ «ÎÔÈ-ÓˆÓÈ΋˜ ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌ›·˜ Ù˘ ·ÁÔ-Ú¿˜». 10.

∏ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË Ù˘ °ÂÚÌ·Ó›·˜‰Â›¯ÓÂÈ fiÙÈ Ë ·Ó·˙‹ÙËÛË Ï‡ÛˆÓÛ ÛËÌÂÚÈÓ¿ ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· ‰ÂÓÌÔÚ› Ó· ÂÍ·ÓÙÏÂ›Ù·È ·Ï¿ ÛÙËÓ›ÎÏËÛË ÙÔ˘ ·ÓÙ·ÁˆÓÈÛÌÔ‡ ‹ÙËÓ ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹ ÂÓfi˜ ÂÓ ÔÏÏÔ›˜·ÚÂÚÌËÓÂ˘Ì¤ÓÔ˘ ÎÈfiÏ·˜ ·Á-ÁÏÔ۷͈ÓÈÎÔ‡ ÌÔÓÙ¤ÏÔ˘. ªÂ ÙÔÓÙÚfiÔ ·˘Ùfi ı· ˘Ô‚·ıÌÈ˙fiÙ·Ó ÔÚfiÏÔ˜ Ù˘ Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›·˜, Ù˘ Â-ÌÈÛÙÔÛ‡Ó˘ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ÎÔÈÓÔ‡ ÛÎÔ-Ô‡ ÛÙËÓ ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈ΋ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË.

∆· ÚÔËÁÔ‡ÌÂÓ· ˘Ô‰ËÏÒ-ÓÔ˘Ó Â›Û˘ fiÙÈ ÔÈ È‰ÂÔÏÔÁÈΤ˜

‰È·ÊÔÚ¤˜ ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙȘ ÌÂÁ¿Ï˜ÔÏÈÙÈΤ˜ ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂȘ ¤¯Ô˘ÓÛ˘ÚÚÈÎÓˆı›, ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ È‰ÂÔÏÔÁÈ-΋ ÛÙÚÔÊ‹ Ù˘ ÛÔÛȷωËÌÔÎÚ·-Ù›·˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈ΋ ÔÚıÔ-‰ÔÍ›·, ÙËÓ ·ÓÙÈηٿÛÙ·ÛË ÙÔ˘·Ú·‰ÔÛÈ·ÎÔ‡ ÛÔÛȷωËÌÔÎÚ·-ÙÈÎÔ‡ ·Ú·‰Â›ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜ (Ô˘ ¤¯ÂÈfï˜ ÙÔÓ ÈÛÙÔÚÈÎfi ÙÔ˘ ÚfiÏÔ˘)11 .√È Û˘ÁÎÏ›ÛÂȘ ÛÙÔÓ ¿ÍÔÓ· ·ÚÈ-ÛÙÂÚ¿-‰ÂÍÈ¿ Â›Ó·È ÂÓÙ˘ˆÛȷΤ˜.∞˘Ùfi ·ÔÙ˘ÒÓÂÙ·È Î·È ÛÙËÓ Â›-ÛËÌË ÔÚÔÏÔÁ›· ÙÔ˘ «ÙÚ›ÙÔ˘ ‰Úfi-ÌÔ˘» (µÚÂÙ·Ó›·), ÙÔ˘ «Ó¤Ô˘ Τ-ÓÙÚÔ˘»(°ÂÚÌ·Ó›·) ÎÏ. ∞Ó·˙ËÙ‹-ıËΠÌÈ· Ó¤· ÈÛÔÚÚÔ›· Û’ ›Â-‰Ô ·Ú¯ÒÓ Ì ÚÔÊ·ÓÒ˜ ÎÂÚ‰È-Ṳ̂ÓÔ˘˜ ÙËÓ ·ÁÔÚ¿, ÙÔÓ ·ÓÙ·Áˆ-ÓÈÛÌfi, ÙËÓ ÚˆÙÔ‚Ô˘Ï›·, ÙËÓ ·-ÙÔÌÈ΋ ¢ı‡ÓË. ∫·Ù¿ ÚÔ¤ÎÙ·ÛË,·Ó ÔÈ ‰È·ÊÔÚ¤˜ ÛÙÔ È‰ÂÔÏÔÁÈÎfiÂ›Â‰Ô ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È Ï¤ÔÓ ÌÂÁ¿-Ϙ, ÙfiÙ fiÏÔ ÙÔ ·ÈÁÓ›‰È ·›˙Â-Ù·È ÛÙË ·ÍÈÔÈÛÙ›· Î·È Û˘ÓÔ¯‹Ù˘ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜ Ú¿Í˘.

√È ·‚‚·ÈfiÙËÙ˜Ù˘ ÛËÌÂÚÈÓ‹˜ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜ÛÙËÓ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·

ªÈ· Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÛÙÈ΋, ·ÏÏ¿ ÊÈ-ÏÂχıÂÚË ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈ΋ ηÈ

ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈ΋ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ ÛÙËÓ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·Û‹ÌÂÚ· ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ ÙËÓ ÂÏ¢-ı¤ÚˆÛË Ù˘ ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌ›·˜ Î·È Ù˘·ÁÔÚ¿˜ ·fi ÙË ¯·ÔÙÈ΋ (Î·È ÂÓÔÏÏÔ›˜ ‰ÈÂÊı·Ṳ́ÓË) ÎÚ·ÙÈ΋·Ú¤Ì‚·ÛË. ∏ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ ·˘Ù‹ ¤¯ÂÈÌÈ· Ì·ÎÚÔÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈ΋ Î·È ÌÈ· ÌÈ-ÎÚÔÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈ΋, ıÂÛÌÈ΋-‰È·Ú-ıÚˆÙÈ΋ Ù˘¯‹. ∏ ÚÒÙË Û˘Ó¿-ÁÂÙ·È , οˆ˜ ·Ï¿, fiÙÈ ÙÔ ÎÚ¿-ÙÔ˜ ‰ÂÓ ·˘Í¿ÓÂÈ ÙÔ ÌÂÚ›‰Èfi ÙÔ˘ÛÙËÓ ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌ›· Î·È ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ÂÏ-ÏÂÈÌÌ·ÙÈÎfi, ‰ÂÓ ·Ó·Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈÓ¤· ¯Ú¤Ë Ì ÚÔÛ¯ËÌ·ÙÈο ηٿηÓfiÓ· ÚÔ‚·ÏÏfiÌÂÓ· ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈ-ο ÂȯÂÈÚ‹Ì·Ù·. ∏ ıÂÛÌÈ΋ Ù˘-¯‹ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ ÙȘ ȉȈÙÈÎÔÔÈ-

‹ÛÂȘ, ·ÏÏ·Á‹ Ù˘ ÎÚ·ÙÈ΋˜ Ú‡ı-ÌÈÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ·ÁÔÚÒÓ ÂÚÁ·Û›·˜,‰Ú·ÛÙÈ΋ Ì›ˆÛË ÙˆÓ ·‰È·Ê·ÓÒÓÂȯÔÚËÁ‹ÛÂˆÓ Û ËÌÈ-ȉȈÙÈ-ÎÔ‡˜ ÊÔÚ›˜ ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈÎÒÓ ‰Ú·-ÛÙËÚÈÔÙ‹ÙˆÓ ÎÏ. ŸÏ· ·˘Ù¿ ı·Ù· ‚Úԇ̠ÁÈ· ÚÒÙË ÊÔÚ¿ Û˘-Ì˘Îӈ̤ӷ ÛÙȘ ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈ-Τ˜ ‰ËÏÒÛÂȘ Ù˘ ΢‚¤ÚÓËÛ˘¡¢ ÙÔÓ ∞Ú›ÏÈÔ ÙÔ˘ 1990 Î·È ·Ú-ÁfiÙÂÚ· ÛÙÔ ÂıÓÈÎfi ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÛÙ·ıÂÚfiÙËÙ·˜ Î·È ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘,Ô˘ ÂÂÍÂÚÁ¿ÛıËÎÂ Ë Î˘‚¤ÚÓË-ÛË ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ¤ÓÙ·ÍË Ù˘ ¯ÒÚ·˜ÛÙË ˙ÒÓË ∂˘ÚÒ. ∂›Ó·È Û˘Ì‚·Ù¿Ì ÙÔ Î·ıÂÛÙÒ˜ Ô˘ ‰ËÌÈÔ‡ÚÁË-Û ÙÔ ª¿·ÛÙÚȯÙ.

∏ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ ·˘Ù‹ ‰ÂÓ ÛËÌ·›ÓÂÈηÙ‰¿ÊÈÛË ÙÔ˘ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎÔ‡ ÎÚ¿-ÙÔ˘˜, Ô‡Ù fiÙÈ ÙÔ ÎÚ¿ÙÔ˜ ‰ÂÓ ¤-¯ÂÈ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi ÚfiÏÔ ÛÙȘ ÂÍÂÏ›-ÍÂȘ. ™ËÌ·›ÓÂÈ fï˜ ÂÎÏÔÁ›Î¢-ÛË ÙÔ˘ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎÔ‡ ÎÚ¿ÙÔ˘˜, ¤ÙÛÈÒÛÙ ӷ ·ÓÙ·ÔÎÚ›ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ˘˜ÛÙfi¯Ô˘˜ Ô˘ ı¤ÙÂÈ, Ó· ÌË ÙÚÔ-ÊÔ‰ÔÙ› ÙȘ ·ÓÈÛfiÙËÙ˜, Ó· ÌËÛ˘ÓÈÛÙ¿ ÙÚÔ¯Ô¤‰Ë ÛÙËÓ ·Ó¿-Ù˘ÍË Î·È Ó· ‘Ó·È ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈο ‚ÈÒ-ÛÈÌÔ.

√È ˆ˜ ÙÒÚ· ·fiÂÈÚ˜ ÂÊ·Ú-ÌÔÁ‹˜ Ù˘ ηٿ ‚¿ÛË ÊÈÏÂχ-ıÂÚ˘ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜ Ô˘ ÛÎÈ·ÁÚ·-Ê‹Û·ÌÂ, ÛÙÔ ÌÂÓ Ì·ÎÚÔÔÈÎÔÓÔ-ÌÈÎfi Â›Â‰Ô ¤ÊÂÚ·Ó ·ÌÊÈÛ‚Ë-Ù‹ÛÈÌ· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù·, ÏfiÁˆÙ˘ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁÈ΋˜ ÏÔÁÈÛÙÈ΋˜,ÛÙÔ ‰Â ıÂÛÌÈÎfi-‰È·ÚıÚˆÙÈÎfi ·-¤Ù˘¯·Ó. ∏ ÂÏÏËÓÈ΋ ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›· ,fiÓÙ·˜ ÂÓ·ÁηÏÈṲ̂ÓË Ï¤ÔÓ ÌÂÙÔ ÎÚ¿ÙÔ˜, ‰Â›¯ÓÂÈ Ó· ·ÓÙÈÛÙ¤-ÎÂÙ·È ÛÙË ¯ÂÈڷʤÙËÛ‹ Ù˘ ·fi·˘Ùfi.

∏ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ Ô˘ ÂÊ·ÚÌfi˙ÂÙ·ÈÛ‹ÌÂÚ· ‰ÂÓ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ÛÙËÚȯı›Û ‰È¿¯˘Ù˜ ÊÈÏÂχıÂÚ˜ ȉ¤Â˜‹ ÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ ˙ˆ‹˜. ¢ÂÓ ·ÓÙÏ› ·fiοÔÈ· ‰ڷȈ̤ÓË ıˆÚËÙÈ΋·Ú¿‰ÔÛË ÊÂÚ’ ÂÈÂ›Ó ÁÈ· ÙȘ ·-ÔÙ˘¯›Â˜ ÙÔ˘ ÎÚ¿ÙÔ˘˜, ÁÈ· ÙËÓ

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·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÙˆÓ Ì˯·-ÓÈÛÌÒÓ Ù˘ ·ÁÔÚ¿˜ Î·È ÁÈ· ÙËÓ·Ó·ÁÓÒÚÈÛË Ù˘ ÛËÌ·Û›·˜ ÌÈ·˜·˘ÙÔÙÂÏÔ‡˜ ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜ ÙˆÓ ÔÏÈ-ÙÒÓ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÔÌ·Ï‹ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›·Ù˘ ¢ËÌÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜. ∞ÎfiÌË Î·È ËÁÂÓÈ΋ ·È‰Â›· Ì·˜ ηÏÏÈÂÚÁ› ¤-Ó· ‡Ô˘ÏÔ ÎÚ·ÙÈÛÌfi. µ¤‚·È·,ÚÔÛ¿ıÂȘ ·fi ÙÌ‹Ì·Ù· ÙԢ΢‚ÂÚÓËÙÈÎÔ‡ Ì˯·ÓÈÛÌÔ‡ ÚÔ˜ÙËÓ Î·Ù‡ı˘ÓÛË Ù˘ ÌÂÙ·ÚÚ‡ıÌÈ-Û˘ Á›ÓÔÓÙ·È, fï˜ ÛÙËÚ›˙ÔÓÙ·È·Ï¿ ÛÙËÓ ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈ΋ ¯ÚÂÔÎÔ-›· ÙÔ˘ ÎÚ·ÙÈÛÌÔ‡ Ô˘ ·ÔÙ˘-ÒıËΠÛÙË Û˘ÛÛÒÚ¢ÛË ¯ÚÂÒÓÎ·È ÛÙËÓ ·Ú·ÁˆÁÈ΋ ·Ó·ÈÌ›·ÙÔ˘ ·ÚÂÏıfiÓÙÔ˜ Î·È fi¯È Û Â-ÔÈı‹ÛÂȘ. ∏ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ Ú¿ÍË Î·ÈÚËÙÔÚÈ΋ ÙÔ˘ ¶∞™√∫ ·Ó·‰Â›¯ÓÂÈÌÈ· ÛÙ¿ÛË Ô˘ ÌÔÚ› Ó· Û˘ÓÔ-„ÈÛı› ˆ˜ ÂÍ‹˜: ¢ÂÓ ÈÛÙ‡ԢÌÂÛÙËÓ ·ÁÔÚ¿, ·ÏÏ¿ «ÙÈ Ó· οÓÔ˘-Ì», Ù· ¯Ú¤Ë Î·È Ë ∂∂ Ì·˜ Ȥ-˙Ô˘Ó. ŒÙÛÈ Ë ÂÊ·ÚÌÔ˙fiÌÂÓË Ô-ÏÈÙÈ΋ ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙ÂÙ·È Ó· ‘Ó·È ÚÔ˚-fiÓ Î·Ù·Ó·ÁηÛÌÒÓ Ì¿ÏÏÔÓ ·-Ú¿ ÂÔÈı‹ÛÂˆÓ Î·È ÌÈ·˜ ÎÚÈÙÈ-΋˜ ÂÂÍÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ ÙˆÓ ÈÛÙÔÚÈ-ÎÒÓ ÂÌÂÈÚÈÒÓ Â‰Ò Î·È ·ÏÏÔ‡, Â-ÓÒ ÂÈϤÔÓ ÔÈ ‰ÈΤ˜ Ì·˜ (.¯.Ù˘ ‰ÂηÂÙ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ Ï·˚ÎÈ-ÛÌÔ‡1981-1989) ÂÍȉ·ÓÈ·Ô-ÓÙ·È. ∫·È, ˆ˜ ¤Ó· ‚·ıÌfi, ÚÔˆ-ıÂ›Ù·È ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ›‰ÈÔ˘˜ Ô˘ ηÏ-ÏȤÚÁËÛ·Ó ˆ˜ ÙÒÚ· ÙË ‰˘ÛÈ-ÛÙ›· ¤Ó·ÓÙÈ Ù˘ ÂȯÂÈÚËÌ·ÙÈÎfi-ÙËÙ·˜ Î·È ¤‚ÏÂ·Ó ÙÔ ÎÚ¿ÙÔ˜ ˆ˜ÙË ÌfiÓË ‰˘Ó·Ù‹ χÛË ÙˆÓ ¿Û˘ʇÛ˘ ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ¤ıÓÔ˘˜(Î·È ÙˆÓ ‰ÈÎÒÓ ÙÔ˘˜). ∆Ô ·ÔÙ¤-ÏÂÛÌ· ·ÂÈÎÔÓ›˙ÂÙ·È Û ·ÓÙÈÊ¿-ÛÂȘ Î·È „¢‰ÔÌÂÙ·ÚÚ˘ıÌ›ÛÂȘ,ÌÂ Ù˘ÈÎfi ·Ú¿‰ÂÈÁÌ· ÙȘ «ÌÂÙÔ-¯ÔÔÈ‹ÛÂȘ», Ô˘ ˘ËÚÂÙÔ‡Ó ÂÈ-ÛÚ·ÎÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ÛÙfi¯Ô˘˜ Î·È ‰ÂӉȷÎfiÙÔ˘Ó ÙÔÓ ÎÔÌÌ·ÙÈÎfi ¤ÏÂÁ-¯Ô Î·È ÙȘ ¿Û˘ ʇÛ˘ Û¯¤ÛÂȘ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· Û ÎfiÌÌ·- ÛÙÂϤ¯Ë-ÚÔÌËıÂ˘Ù¤˜ Î·È Û˘ÓÙ¯ӛ˜.

This article analyses the causes of the ideological and political weaknesscharacterizing Greek liberalism. It is suggested that delayed economicdevelopment has favoured statist orientation during the first post-world Wardecades. Societal expectations for an accelerating catch up with moreadvanced countries were addressed at the “state” well in tune with a moregeneral trend prevailing at that time.Initial success has also reinforced statist attitudes despite early symptomsof failure. In addition, deeply routed political traditions (clientelism) whichimply by passing t5he markets and distorting competition through politicalnetworking, weakened liberal positions from the outset. Last but not least,utopian though nurtured a hard anti-liberal left stance.It is also argued that modern liberalism, contrary to what many socialistunderstand, is rather pragmatic in theory and praxis than doctrinaire,should not be identified with extreme marketers and in fact remains aconstitutive element of modern political programs.

Abstract

1 µÏ. ∫·˙¿ÎÔ˜, ¶. «∂ÎÏÔÁÈΤ˜ ÌÂÙ·ÙÔ-›ÛÂȘ Î·È Â˘Úˆ·˚΋ ÂÓÔÔ›ËÛË. √ÈÈı·Ó¤˜ ÂÈÙÒÛÂȘ Ù˘ ÂÎÏÔÁÈ΋˜Ó›Î˘ ÙˆÓ ÂÚÁ·ÙÈÎÒÓ Î·È ÛÔÛÈ·ÏÈ-ÛÙÒÓ» ÛÙÔ ∫·ÙÛÔ‡Ï˘, ∏ (ÂÈÌ.)ªÔÓ٤Ϸ ÛÔÛȷωËÌÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜. ∆Ú›-ÙÔ˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜, Ó¤Ô Î¤ÓÙÚÔ, ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·ÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÒÓ, π. ™È‰¤Ú˘, ∞ı‹Ó·2002.

2 µÏ. ∆˙ÂÚÌÈ¿˜, ¶. «™˘ÓÙËÚËÙÈÛÌfi˜ ηÈÊÈÏÂÏ¢ıÂÚÈÛÌfi˜» ÛÙÔÓ ÙfiÌÔ ∑·¯fi-Ô˘ÏÔ˜, ÃÚ. (ÂÈÌ) ¶ÂÚÈ ÊÈÏÂÏ¢ıÂ-ÚÈÛÌÔ‡, ÛÂÏ. 149-149-162, ÛÂÏ. 156.

3 µÏ. µÂÚÁfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜, ∫. ¶ÔÈÔ˜ ÊÔ‚¿Ù·ÈÙËÓ ∂˘ÚÒË. ∞Ó·ÙÔÌ›· ÂÓfi˜ ̇ıÔ˘,¡¤· ™‡ÓÔÚ·, ∞ı‹Ó· 2000.

4 µÏ. ÂÓ‰ÂÈÎÙÈο ÂÊËÌÂÚ›‰Â˜ ∫·ıËÌÂ-ÚÈÓ‹, 11.4.2002, ∂Ï¢ıÂÚÔÙ˘›·21.2.2002 Î.·.

5 BÏ. ∞Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÂ ÔÏÏ¿ ¿ÏÏ· ÙÔÎÏ·ÛÛÈÎfi ¤ÚÁÔ ÙÔ˘ Popper, Karl Dieoffene Gesellschaft und ihre Feinde,UTB ( J.C.B. Morh) Tübingen, 1992.

6 µÏ. ™ˆÙËÚfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜, ¢. ∏ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ÂÏ·ÙÂÈ·ÎÔ‡ ÎÚ¿ÙÔ˘˜, ¶ÔÙ·Ìfi˜,∞ı‹Ó· 2001.

7 ¶·Ú·Î¿ÌÙˆ Â‰Ò ÙÔ ˙‹ÙËÌ· Ù˘ ‰È¿-ÛÙ·Û˘ ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· Û ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ ÚËÙÔ-ÚÈ΋ Î·È ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ Ú¿ÍË.

8 ∂ÎÙfi˜ ·fi ÙËÓ «ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌ›ÛÙÈÎË», ˘-¿Ú¯ÂÈ Î·È ÌÈ· ¢ڇÙÂÚË, ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈ-΋ ·ÓÙ›ÏË„Ë ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ÊÈÏÂÏ¢ıÂÚÈ-ÛÌfi Ì ‚·ıÂȤ˜ Ú›˙˜, Ô˘ Û˘¯Ó¿·Ú·‚ϤÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·. ™ÙËÓ·ÓÙ›ÏË„Ë ·˘Ù‹ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÙ·È Ë

·Ú¯‹ Ù˘ ·ÓÔ¯‹˜ (Ô˘ ‹Ù·Ó Î·È ÔÙ›ÙÏÔ˜ ÂÓfi˜ ‚È‚Ï›Ô˘ ÙÔ˘ JohnLocke), Ë ÂÔ›ıËÛË fiÙÈ Ë ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ڤÂÈ Ó· ÛÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ·È fiˆ˜ ¤ÏÂÁ ÔKarl Popper ÛÙË «ÏÔÁÈ΋ ÛΤ„Ë»,ηٿ ÙÔ ÚfiÙ˘Ô Ù˘ ÂÈÛÙ‹Ì˘,Ú¿ÁÌ· Ô˘ Ô‰ËÁ› ¢ı¤ˆ˜ Û ·Ì-ÊÈÛ‚‹ÙËÛË Ù˘ ·Ú¿‰ÔÛ˘ ˆ˜ ÁÓÒ-ÌÔÓ· Ù˘ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜ Ú¿Í˘, ηٿÚÔ¤ÎÙ·ÛË, Ë ·ÓÙ›ıÂÛË Û ÔÔÈ·‰‹-ÔÙ ÂÍÔ˘Û›·, Ô˘ ÂÈηÏÂ›Ù·È ÁÈ·ÙË ÓÔÌÈÌÔÔ›ËÛ‹ Ù˘ ÙËÓ ·Ú¿‰ÔÛË‹ ÙË ıÚËÛΛ·, Î·È ÙÔ ·›ÙËÌ· ÁÈ· ÙËÓ·fi‰ÔÛË ÙˆÓ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚˆÓ ‰˘Ó·-ÙÒÓ ÂÏ¢ı¤ÚÈˆÓ ÛÙÔ ¿ÙÔÌÔ.

9 ÷Ù˙‹˜, ∞Ú. « ∂ÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹ ÛÙȘ Û‡Á-¯ÚÔÓ˜ ÊÈÏÂχıÂÚ˜ Ù¿ÛÂȘ ÛÙËÓÔÏÈÙÈ΋ Î·È ÓÔÌÈ΋ ıˆڛ·» ÛÙÔ∑·¯fiÔ˘ÏÔ˜, ÃÚ (ÂÈÌ) ¶ÂÚ› ÊÈÏÂ-Ï¢ıÂÚÈÛÌÔ‡, π ™È‰¤Ú˘, ∞ı‹Ó·2002, ÛÂÏ. 93-128.

10 Langewiesche, D. Liberalism inGermany, Macmillan (ÌÂÙ¿ÊÚ·ÛË ·-fi ÙË ÁÂÚÌ·ÓÈ΋), London 2000, p.313. µÏ. Î·È Streeck, W. Socialinstitutions and economicperformance, Sage, London, 1992,p. 32-34.

11 µÏ. ∫·˙¿ÎÔ˜, ¶. «∂ÎÏÔÁÈΤ˜ ÌÂÙ·-ÙÔ›ÛÂȘ Î·È Â˘Úˆ·˚΋ ÂÓÔÔ›ËÛË.√È Èı·Ó¤˜ ÂÈÙÒÛÂȘ Ù˘ ÂÎÏÔÁÈ-΋˜ ӛ΢ ÙˆÓ ÂÚÁ·ÙÈÎÒÓ Î·È ÛÔÛÈ·-ÏÈÛÙÒÓ» ÛÙÔ ∫·ÙÛÔ‡Ï˘, ∏ (ÂÈÌ.)ªÔÓ٤Ϸ ÛÔÛȷωËÌÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜. ∆Ú›-ÙÔ˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜, Ó¤Ô Î¤ÓÙÚÔ, ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·ÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÒÓ, π. ™È‰¤Ú˘, ∞ı‹Ó·2002.

™∏ª∂πø™∂π™

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The Iraqi crisis provoked a split among themembers of the European Union. Obviouslythis is not the European Union’s first crisis.The EU has survived both the crisis of a so-

called “empty chair” and the confrontation betweenFrance and Germany on the recognition of Croatiaand Slovenia. Consider the case of Iraq, it was theunilateral behaviour of one country, or a group ofcountries that were at the root of opposition andserious tension2. The Maastricht and Amsterdam Treaties took pastexperience into consideration consequently theyinstitutionalised the decision-taking process forcommon foreign security policy3. But, in contrast tothe procedure foreseen by the treaties of theEuropean Union, the different phases whichpreceded the war against Iraq were punctuated bythe adoption of unilateral positions, relegating

common procedures to the sidelines: thedisengagement of the German government4, theFrench President’s refusal to see the logic of war,the letter from the eight Heads of state, theconsequences of this “negative spill-over effect”have resulted in a torn Europe. An analysis of recentevents leads to a general acknowledgement of thesediscords: the incapacity of the divided EuropeanUnion, the inadequacy of NATO and its co-operationwith the European Union, the weakness of the UNsystem, particularly the Security Council, and aunilateral behaviour of the only superpower. Somany factors, which contribute to the destabilisationof the international order whilst at the same timedividing Europe. In these conditions, the EuropeanCouncil had to content itself with a minimaldeclaration on the role of the Security Council asguarantor of international law and post war Iraq. We

AT THE HEART OF THE EUROPEANCONSTITUTION:

Dusan SidjanskiEmeritus Professor of the University of Geneva

President et the European Centre for culture

∞ two - headedpresidency&

bicamerallegislative power

A two-headed presidency is crucial if theEuropean Union is to implement a

common foreign security and defencepolicy, which cannot exist without the

commitment of the European Council andits President. This is acceptable, on

condition that henceforth the EuropeanCouncil takes its important decisions upon

proposal from the Commission. Thisinstitutional balance strengthened by theadoption of a second Chamber or aCouncil of States is the best guarantee forthe general European interest and thedemocratic functioning of the EuropeanUnion.

GenevaJune 2003

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are a far cry from the responsibility that theEuropean Council was supposed to assume incommon foreign policy and security according to theMaastricht and Amsterdam Treaties. However, onthe essential question of war and peace, it is clearthat only the European Council has the potentialcapacity to take decisions on behalf of the Union. Itis in this perspective that the proposal for a doublepresidency of the European Union is envisaged.A two-headed presidency4

The distribution of powersPresident Chirac and Chancellor Schroeder areproposing a two-headed presidency for the Union,whereby the President of the European Commissionis elected by the European Parliament, and thePresident of the European Council is elected by theheads of state and government, either by consensusor preferably, by qualified majority voting. At thesame time, it strengthens the double legitimacy onwhich the Union relies. Their proposal was adoptedby the praesidium of the Convention6. Nonethelesstheir proposal does not address the question oflegislative power, the role of the EuropeanParliament and the Council, and the relationshipbetween the European Council and theCommission. However, the key to European power resides in

sharing tasks between, on the one hand, theEuropean Council and the Council which representsthe interests of the Member States and on the other,the European Commission and the EuropeanParliament which represent the general Europeaninterest. Since the beginning, the dynamic of theEuropean Community has always been founded ona skilful balance between these two poles of powerrepresented by the tandem of the Commission andthe Council. This institutional invention conceived byJean Monnet, is the source of dynamic Europeanintegration. On the eve of the major challenge ofenlargement, the balance in the Union has beenupset by the addition of intergovernmentalcooperation in the domains of foreign policy, securityand defence as well as in internal affairs and justice.Therefore, in spite of the introduction of the Euroand the creation of the ECB, a serious imbalance isthreatening the European Union. In this interactingsystem, the inconsistencies of the CFSP may have adestabilizing and long lasting impact on monetarypolicy, the domestic market and common solidarity.The uncertainty of a prolonged cohabitation betweenthe two discordant methods is the result, whichthreatens the efficient, coherent and democraticfunctioning of the European Union.The Commission fulfils an important role as the

Στη Συντακτική Συνέλευση ο Πρόεδρός της κ. Chirac πρότεινε την ∆ιπλή Προεδρία γιατην ΕΕ, ενώ για τον Πρόεδρο της Επιτροπής να εκλέγεται από το Ευρ.Κοινοβούλιο.

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principal driving force, to the degree that it exerts itspower of initiative. In turn, the Council decides uponproposal from the Commission. This original set upwas modified by the creation of the EuropeanCouncil, which intervenes when the responsibilityand engagement of major political leaders is neededto define orientations and general strategy; and todecide on highly political questions, particularly inthe realms of foreign policy, security, and war andpeace.The distribution of power in external relations ismore complex. In the case of commercial policy, as aconsequence of customs union, and as a reflectionof domestic economic integration, the Commissionassumes a central role by its proposals and by itsrepresentation of the Union during commercialnegotiations, in conformity with the Council’smandate. In the same vein, its role was just asessential in negotiations about enlargement, which itprepared on behalf of the European Council andmandated by the Council. On the other hand, inforeign affairs, CFSP or defence matters,governmental responsibility falls mainly to theEuropean Council and to the Council of ForeignAffairs, the Commission being relegated to amarginal role. If this distribution of tasks can beexplained for reasons of sovereignty, it is justifiedneither by its coherence and efficiency, nor by theresults obtained. The differences in opinions on theYugoslav crisis like those today on the subject ofIraq demonstrate this and reflect unfavourably onthe cohesion of the Union7. From whence arises thequestion of how to reach a solution, which ensuresthat not only can the Union speak with a single voicebut that it can also act together. Were this to be thecase its economic and political weight would have acorresponding impact on world affairs. If we want anefficient and coherent foreign and security policy, theEuropean Council must be strengthened andenabled to take decisions progressively by qualifiedmajority voting upon proposals from theCommission. A two-headed presidency at the heart of thecommunity systemIn the case of a double presidency, governmentalpower would rely on two institutional pillars, theEuropean Council and the Councils of Ministers onthe one hand, and on the other, the “Europeangovernment”, or the European Commission. In both

cases, other than its role of personalised presidency,the European Council will have full responsibility fororientations and finalised general strategies onproposal from the Commission, in both economicand monetary policy as in external relations, securityand defence. In this way, even in matters of foreignpolicy, security and defence, decision-making falls tothe European Council acting on proposals from theCommission; responsibility for implementingdecisions is allocated jointly to the Councils forForeign Affairs and Defence and to the Commission.In brief, it is the generalised application of thecommunity method, which is favoured by a largenumber of members of the Convention. The two-headed Executive relies on two maincommon institutions, one with the participation ofmember governments, the other independent,whose task is to articulate the general Europeaninterest. From then on, the taking of fundamentaldecisions concerned with CFSP and CSDP mattersis the responsibility of the European Council actingon proposals from the Commission. In particular, thecoherence and efficiency of foreign policy is largelythe result of common proposals, which are drawn upby the Commission and the Minister for ForeignAffairs, working in close liaison with the Council ofMinisters of Foreign Affairs. In this way, discussionwould be based on proposals founded on a commonvision and parliamentary control could be exerted bythe European Parliament. The more problems areassociated with high politics the more thecommitment of the European Council is necessary, acommitment which must be based on proposalsfrom the Commission which alone is answerable tothe European Parliament. Without a EuropeanCouncil, there is no real foreign policy, without apresident of the European Council and withoutproposals from the Commission there is no Union,which can speak, with one voice and acts as one.Consequently, the initiatives and the individualactions of a member, no matter what its politicalweight, or of a group of members, must bechannelled through the Commission and through theEuropean Council by its President. The President, elected by the European Councilusing qualified majority voting, for a renewablemandate of two and a half years, carries out fulltimefunctions and prepares, presides over and guidesthe work of the European Council based on

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proposals from the Commission, whose President isat the same time a full member of the EuropeanCouncil. The monitoring of decisions taken by theEuropean Council is ensured by its President withthe assistance of the Council and the Commission.Moreover, the coherence of foreign policy is entirelyensured by a European Minister for Foreign Affairs,vice-president of the Commission, who participatesin the work of the European Council. Consequently,the functions of the High Representative and that ofthe Commissioner in charge of external relations aretaken on by only one political figure who is electedby the European Council using qualified majorityvoting, and preferably, on the joint proposal of itsPresident and the President of the Commission.According to the Franco-German proposal. TheEuropean Minister for Foreign Affairs relies on aEuropean diplomatic service which allies head ofExternal Relations of the Commission to a unit forforeign policy. This outline will allow for theemergence of a European diplomacy that willgradually put into practise the foreign and securitypolicy of the Union. Efficiency in this sensitive domain relies more thananything on resorting to qualified majority votingwhich progressively should replace consensus.However, a festering wound remains in the Franco-German proposal as those decisions with securityand defence implications are supposed to be takenunanimously. A solution could be the possibility ofconstructive abstention, as exists in the Treaty ofAmsterdam, and the definition of the steps neededto move from unanimity to qualified majorityfollowing the examples from the Treaty of Rome.The President of the European Council representsthe Union on the international scene duringmeetings of heads of state or government. Inpractise, he always carries out this role with thePresident of the Commission so that coherence andefficiency are ensured.More than one small or medium member state fearsa full-time President of the Union, coming from alarge state, forgetting that after enlargement thesmall and medium states will have increasedinfluence. Moreover, in the past, it has frequentlybeen the case that one of their statesmen wasdesignated as President of the Commission. Inaddition, in a balanced system the increasedindependence and democratic legitimacy of a

strengthened Commission combined with itsgeneralised power of proposal would be the bestguarantee against the domination of the largestates. Furthermore, it must be noted that divisionsbetween the large member states and the others arenot as they seem. In reality, coalitions are born anddissolved according to specific needs and accordingto the conflicting or converging interests of themoment. Finally, it is generally admitted that theyappear in relation to the concrete question of thePresidency and the role of the Commission. TheCommission is the only institution answerable to theEuropean Parliament and consequently itsparticipation in decision-making is a fundamentalaspect of the democratic system of the Union. During their meeting in Luxembourg on April 1, theheads of state of seven countries, Benelux, Ireland,Portugal, Finland and Austria, pronouncedthemselves against a fulltime President of theEuropean Council, fearing that theintergovernmental institution would be strengthenedat the expense of the Commission. Our proposalrequires a strengthened Commission with powers ofproposal in CFSP matters and gradually in issues ofcommon security and defence. Moreover, a group ofmember states represented mainly by Germany andthe Benelux, and supported by the medium sizedand smaller member states is arguing for a strongCommission. Amongst this group, some would liketo see a Commission made up of 25 members, alogical consequence of which would be theweakening of an institution which they are proposingto strengthen: the difficulty of managing 25Commissioners and the reaffirmation of theintergovernmental aspect of the Commission. Onthe other hand, the possibility of foreseeingassociated or delegated Commissioners and therotation of the Commissioners or some sort of“cabinet” should be possible. Nevertheless, thepresence of key political figures of each of the 25member states in the enlarged Commission is anecessary requisite for an expanded EuropeanUnion. The necessity for profound knowledge ofeach country is the price for increased diversity inthe European Union.Currently the democratic and institutional equilibriumin the Union is guaranteed by three main supports:the election of the President of the Commission bythe European Parliament; the proposals of the

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Commission as a basis for decision-making includinginstitutions with governmental participation andlegislative institutions; and the democraticresponsibility of the Commission to the EuropeanParliament, excluding its responsibility to theEuropean Council as was cited by the Franco-German proposal. As a counter balance to astrengthened European Council, it is indispensableto have an autonomous, accountable and strongCommission, having increased legitimacy and due toits right of proposal, a guarantor of the Europeaninterest.The election of the President of the Commission bythe European Parliament will have numerous effectsover and above the reinforcement of the legitimacyof the Commission and its visibility for Europeancitizens. For example, as was proposed by JacquesDelors, the large European political parties, such asthe European Socialist Party and the PopularEuropean Party including coalitions of otherEuropean parties would have to name theircandidates for the Presidency of the Commission atthe time of European elections. In this way, therelation between the electoral results would bebetter perceived by the electorate and will have abigger impact on the motivations of the politicalparties and citizens. In addition to the growth oflegislative and budgetary powers, as well asdemocratic control, a more direct link between theresult of the elections and the choice of President ofthe Commission would stimulate both the debate onthese European options and themes, and Europeanparties and their electorate. The converging effectsbetween the election of the European Parliamentand its increased powers, and the election of thePresident of the Commission, would strengthen boththe legitimacy and the authority of the Commission.On the other hand, the Community procedure basedon the proposal from the Commission, withoutexcluding other governmental and parliamentary oreven non governmental organisations initiatives, willallow for better cohesion and an increasedcoherence of community acts based on a balancedvision of the European interest. The importance ofthe Commission as dynamic core, central pole ofattraction and catalysing centre takes on increasedsignificance in the highly complex society of theUnion within which a multitude communicate andinteract. Consequently, advanced technology is

spreading through the post-industrial world bybreaking vertical hierarchical chains and creatinghorizontal networks. From whence, a new form ofgovernance emerges, which relies principally onconsultation, participation, association, promotionand encouragement on all levels, with commonobjectives, more than on resorting to the use offorce. In this context, the Commission is called on toassume the dynamic role of centre of orientation andstimulation.It must be recalled, that the Commission is the onlyinstitution, under the democratic control of theEuropean Parliament and European politicians. Itspresence in the decision-making process is theeffective guarantee of the democratic nature of theEuropean Union. On the other hand, at the heart ofthe Union, the lack of democracy is growing, to theextent that the Commission is absent ormarginalized. That is to say that the pivotal role,which alongside Community institutions – theEuropean Parliament and the Court of Justice - andinstitutions with governmental participation - theEuropean Council and the Councils of Ministers -falls to the European Commission. The subtlebalance between the expression of Europeaninterest and national interests which leads toEuropean alchemy is at the heart of the success ofthe European Community and is the guarantor of thedynamic of integration. The same method adaptedto the particular conditions of foreign affairs, securityand defence appears to be the backbone of thefuture European Constitution.A bicameral legislative powerThe Council : confusion or separation of powers?The Council along with the Commission plays a keyrole in the decision-making process in the EuropeanCommunity. In fact, it constitutes the highestauthority in the legislative process of the EuropeanCommunity acting on proposals from theCommission and in co-decision with the EuropeanParliament. At the same time, it has governmentalpowers often in common with the Commission. TheCouncil cumulates legislative power and, in addition,governmental power: as Janus has two faces. Withthe extension of the political competences of theEuropean Union, the Council has become, alongsidethe European Council, the principal holder of newpowers that have been attributed to the Union.Consequently, it finds itself in the centre of the

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debate on the intergovernmental or federalcharacter of the European Union. The lack ofseparation of, or the confusion of, powers leads to aparadoxical situation in which the proposingCommission is subject to the democratic control ofthe European Parliament, while the Council, whichis the decision maker, escapes all parliamentarycontrol in the exercise of its executive powers.Throughout the legislative procedures of theEuropean Community, the Commission formulatesproposals and tries to preserve both the coherenceand the balance of Community standards. Theprogressive spread of legislative co-decisionensures the reinforcement of the EuropeanParliament and the capacity of theCouncil, as a result of the extensionof qualified majority voting. In spite ofthe modest progress obtained atNice, the general tendency istowards more democracy and moreefficiency, and towards a bicamerallegislative authority. The latter byassuring the double participation ofthe member states and the citizensof the Union is a clear indicator of theevolution of the EuropeanCommunity towards a federativesystem. From whence arises theproposal to have a LegislativeCouncil7. The tendency towardsBicameralism is clearly reflected bythe role of the conciliation committee whererepresentatives of the European Parliament and theCouncil are present, but where the Commission isgiven the task of mediator, which is appropriate foran executive body. However, the ambivalence of theCouncil remains, in the sense that alongside itslegislative functions, it has carried out moregovernmental functions since the Union has begunto extend its authority in foreign policy, security anddefence. The confusion of powers is the congenitalsickness of the Council.In the same way, the powers of the EuropeanParliament are present under different forms, whichbring it closer to its national counterparts:democratic control, budgetary powers, powers ofapproval and assent, powers of inquiry and hearing,including initiative and promotion. These proceduresthrow a clearer light on the activities of the European

Union, the European Parliament being the onlytransparent institution open to the European public.A Council of StatesThe German government has made proposals,which reflect the visions of Karl Lamers andWolfgang Stauble8: the Commission would becomethe European government whilst the Council wouldbe transformed into a Chamber of States alongsidethe European Parliament. The European YouthConvention has also proposed this transformation ofthe Council (Brussels 12 July 2002). Clearly thisoutline has the advantage of being simple but itconstitutes a rupture with the institutionalexperience of the Union.

The opinion of President Rau isthat “we already possess thebuilding blocks with which to builda European federation of nation-states, they only need to beembellished and assembled into astructure”9. This structure has itslegitimacy in the doublerepresentation of citizens at theheart of the European Parliamentand the Member States, whereeach state would have a voiceindependent of its size or numberof inhabitants. This would bereflective of the American Senateor the Swiss Council of States.According to Joschka Fischer the

European Parliament should represent twoelements, a Europe of Nation-States and a Europeof citizens and it must include “ two Chambers ofwhich one would be made up of electeddeputies…as to the other Chamber, a choice mustbe made between a senate model which gatherssenators from member states, who would be electedby direct suffrage, and a chamber of statescomparable to our Bundesrat”10 Unlike theegalitarian representation of the member states ofthe American Senate or of the cantons in theCouncil of States in Switzerland, the distribution of69 seats in the Bundesrat takes into account thevariable dimension of the Länder: four Länder holdsix seats each, one has five, seven Länder have fourseats and four have three seats, totalling 69 seats.This example is often cited when referring to thebalance of votes in the European Union Council,

❝ ∆he spread oflegislative co-decision ensuresthe reinforcementof the EuropeanParliament and thecapacity of theCouncil, as a resultof the extension ofqualified majorityvoting

❞

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which would serve as model for the distribution ofseats at the heart of the Council of States. Thissecond Chamber of states or Senate is closelyrelated to Tony Blair’s proposal for a secondChamber of the European Parliament, made up ofnational representatives from member states.The different instruments intended to associatenational parliaments and their members haveproduced only limited results: considerparliamentary hearings, or the COSAC which onlydeals with institutional questions, parliamentarycommissions in liaison with the EuropeanParliament and the commissions of the nationalparliaments in charge of European Affairs which aredispersed and show differing levels of efficiency,with the exception of the Danish Parliament. As forthe proposal to have an annual Congress ofEuropean representatives of parliaments, it doesnot seem to answer the need for greaterparticipation from the national parliaments in theconstruction of Europe.In my opinion, the Council should not betransformed into a second Chamber but should splititself into Councils of Ministers and a Council ofStates, the latter would take on legislative functionsin common with the European Parliament. As aresult, legislative power would be assigned to a

bicameral institution made up of a Council of Statesand the European Parliament, the former wouldensure the participation of state representatives,and the latter would guarantee the directrepresentation of the citizens of the Union.If the election of the European Parliament onlyraises the question of harmonised if not uniformvoting procedures, the designation or the election ofthe members of the Council of States presentsnumerous options: nomination by nationalgovernments, (like the Bundesrat in Germany),election by national parliaments or directly by votersof Member States, (like the Council of States inSwitzerland). Moreover, variable combinations arenot to be overlooked, such as half therepresentation by ministers and half by the nationalparliamentary representatives. Whichever option ischosen, the two Chambers will have theresponsibility of adopting Community laws onproposals from the Commission. Their authority,visibility and competences will be clearlyestablished.The Council of States presents more than oneadvantage: firstly a single institution replacesmultiple legislative Councils, thus assuringpermanent and consistent participation ofgovernment representatives and an active

Η πρόταση της Συντακτικής Συνέλευσης για την εκλογή του Ευρ. Κοινοβουλίου θέτει το ερώτηµα της εναρµόνισης ή µη στη διαδικασία ψηφοφορίας.

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participation of national parliamentaryrepresentatives. Their continual presenceeliminates the difficult problem of coordinating theCouncils whilst making possible a global vision ofthe fragments of the normative system; the Councilof States substantially increases the democraticlegitimacy and transparency of the Union, by its rolein the procedure of legislative co-decision. Theconfusion of powers in the Council would come toan end as the result of a clear distribution of activepowers and responsibilities between the institutionsof the Union. The creation of a second Chamberwith a slightly modified structure would render theConstitution more accessible for the citizens of theUnion, thus bringing them closer to commoninstitutions and enabling them to have a betterunderstanding of legislative power in the Union. To conclude, what seems to be appearing is thatboth a European Council with a President whotakes decisions based on proposals from theCommission, and a bicameral legislative body meetthe proclaimed objectives for more efficiency andcoherence, more democracy, responsibility andtransparency and a closer relationship withcitizens. The choices of the Convention will bedecisive for the future of Europe and for its role inthe world.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

La question du gouvernement européen, Jean-louis Quermonne, Notre Europe, Groupementsd’Etudes et de Recherches, No.20, Paris,November 2002.Un nouveau mécanisme de coopérationrenforcée pour l’Union européenne élargie, EricPhilippart, Notre Europe, Groupements d’Etudes etde Recherches, No.22, Paris, March 2003The Federal Approach to theEuropean Union or the Quest foran Unprecedented EuropeanFederalism, Professor DusanSidjanski, Notre Europe,Groupements d’Etudes et deRecherches, No.14, Paris, July2001.NB: One version without abibliographySecond version with a

bibliography, to be completed.TexteDS/HofEuroConst-cs-04.06.03.doc

NOTES

1. During the Crisis in Yugoslavia, the public opinion inFrance and Germany was in accord with the position oftheir governments. Today, the public opinion in the Unioncountries is massively against the war, in contrast to thegovernments, which are in favour of preventiveintervention. The incapacity of the Union has more to dowith the absence of a common position and commonaction than the lack of a military force.

2. As proof consider the objectives of the CFSP, the definitionof strategies, which is the European Council’sresponsibility, the role of high representative and the roleof the Council in association with the Commission,constructive abstention.

3. It is a turn about in the German government’s policytowards the United States, nevertheless, under theAmsterdam treaty it could be perceived as constructiveabstention.

4. Jean Louis Quermonne, la question du gouvernementeuropéen, Notre Europe, Groupement d’Etudes et deRecherches, No.20, Paris, November 2002.

5. Institutions – draft articles for title IV of the Constitution,CONV 691/03, Brussels, April 23 2003.

6. The letter of support addressed to President Bush signedby the Heads of state of five of the Union’s membercountries and three future members, had more dividingand damaging effect due to the bypass of communityprocedure, as provided in Amsterdam treaty of CFSP,than to its content. In reality, the message from the eightwas written and published against the wishes of Greece,which holds the presidency of the Union at present.

7. Praesidium, op, cit, art. 17 bis. 8. CDU/CSU – Fraktion des Deutchen Bundestage, Bonn,

September 01, 1994.9. “Une Constitution fédérale pour l’Europe?” Le Monde,

November 04, 1999.10. “L’europe unie selon Joschka Fischer”, Le Monde May

14-15 2000, the official title of the speech is « De laconfédération à la fédération, réflexion sur la finalité del’intégration européenne ».

∏ ‰ÈÏ‹ ¶ÚÔ‰ڛ· Â›Ó·È ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ ·Ó Ë ∂∂ ı· ÂÊ·ÚÌfiÛÂÈ ÌÈ· ∫∂¶∞∞Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ ı· ÌÔÚ› Ó· ˘¿ÚÍÂÈ ¯ˆÚ›˜ ÙË ‰¤ÛÌ¢ÛË ÙÔ˘ ∂˘Úˆ·˚ÎÔ‡ ™˘Ì-‚Ô˘Ï›Ô˘ Î·È Ù˘ ¶ÚÔ‰ڛ·˜. ∞˘Ùfi Â›Ó·È ·Ô‰ÂÎÙfi, ˘fi ÙËÓ ÚÔ¸fiıÂÛËfiÙÈ ·fi Â‰Ò Î·È ¤Ú· ÙÔ ∂˘Úˆ·˚Îfi ™˘Ì‚Ô‡ÏÈÔ ı· ·›ÚÓÂÈ ÙȘ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ-Τ˜ ·ÔÊ¿ÛÂȘ ‡ÛÙÂÚ· ·fi ÚfiÙ·ÛË Ù˘ ∂ÈÙÚÔ‹˜. ∞˘Ù‹ Ë ıÂÛÌÈ΋ È-ÛÔÚÚÔ›· ÂÓ‰˘Ó·ÌÒÓÂÙ·È ·fi ÙËÓ ˘ÈÔı¤ÙËÛË Ù˘ ‰ÈÏ‹˜ µÔ˘Ï‹˜ ‹ ÙÔ˘™˘Ì‚Ô˘Ï›Ô˘ ÙˆÓ ∫Ú·ÙÒÓ Â›Ó·È Ë Î·Ï‡ÙÂÚË ÂÁÁ‡ËÛË ÁÈ· ÙÔ ÁÂÓÈÎfi Â˘Úˆ-·˚Îfi Û˘ÌʤÚÔÓ Î·È ÙË ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·ÙÈ΋ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›· Ù˘ ∂∂.

¶ÂÚ›ÏË„Ë

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∞Ô„Ë ÌÔ˘ Â›Ó·È fiÙÈÙÔ Û¯¤‰ÈÔ ™˘ÓÙ¿Á-Ì·ÙÔ˜ Û˘ÓÈÛÙ¿ Ô˘-ÛÈ·ÛÙÈ΋ Û˘Ì‚ÔÏ‹pos ÙËÓ Î·Ù‡ı˘Ó-

ÛË Ù˘ ÔÌÔÛÔӉȷ΋˜ Û˘ÁÎÚfi-ÙËÛ˘ Ù˘ ‰ÈÂ˘Ú˘Ì¤Ó˘ ∂˘Úˆ-·˚΋˜ ŒÓˆÛ˘, ¤ÛÙˆ Î·È ·Ó ofiÚos «ÔÌÔÛÔÓ‰›·» ‰ÂÓ ÂÚȤ¯Â-Ù·È ÛÙÔ ÙÂÏÈÎfi ΛÌÂÓÔ (ÂÓÒ Â-ÌÂÚȯfiÙ·Ó Û ÚÔÛ¯¤‰È·).

∫·È ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÙÔ˘Ï¿¯ÈÛÙÔÓ‰¤Î· (10) ÛÙÔȯ›·/ Ú˘ıÌ›ÛÂȘ/‰È·Ù¿ÍÂȘ ÛÙÔ Û¯¤‰ÈÔ ™˘ÓÙ¿ÁÌ·-ÙÔ˜, Ô˘ ÈÛÙÔÔÈÔ‡Ó ÙÔÓ ÔÌÔ-ÛÔӉȷÎfi ¯·Ú·ÎÙ‹Ú· ·ÏÏ¿ ηÈÙËÓ ÔÌÔÛÔӉȷ΋ ‰˘Ó·ÌÈ΋ Ô˘‰È·ÓÔ›ÁÂÈ. ∆· ‰¤Î· ÛÙÔȯ›·/Ú˘ıÌ›-ÛÂȘ ›ӷÈ:

1. ¶ÚÔÈÎÔ‰fiÙËÛË Ù˘ ∂∂ Ì Â-ÓÈ·›· ÓÔÌÈ΋ ÚÔÛˆÈÎfiÙËÙ·. øsÙÒÚ·, ÌfiÓÔ Ë ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋ ∫ÔÈÓfi-ÙËÙ· ‰È¤ıÂÙ ÓÔÌÈ΋ ÚÔÛˆÈÎfi-ÙËÙ·, ·ÏÏ¿ fi¯È Ë ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋ŒÓˆÛË. ªÂ ÙÔ Û¯¤‰ÈÔ ™˘ÓÙ¿Á-Ì·ÙÔ˜ ηٷÚÁÂ›Ù·È Ë ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋∫ÔÈÓfiÙËÙ·, ηıÒ˜ Î·È Ë ‰È¿ÚıÚˆ-ÛË Ù˘ ∂∂ Û ˘ÏÒÓ˜. H ∂∂ η-ı›ÛÙ·Ù·È ÂÓÈ·›· ÔÓÙfiÙËÙ· Ì ÂÓÈ-·›· ÓÔÌÈ΋ ÚÔÛˆÈÎfiÙËÙ·. ∏ÂͤÏÈÍË ·˘Ù‹ ı· ¤¯ÂÈ Â˘ÂÚÁÂÙÈο·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ÁÈ· ÙË ‰ÈÂıÓ‹ ·-ÚÔ˘Û›· Î·È ÙÔ ÚfiÏÔ Ù˘ ∂∂, η-ıÒ˜ Ë ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ı· ¤¯ÂÈ ÙË (ÓÔÌÈ-΋) ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ· Ó· Û˘Ó¿ÙÂÈ Û˘Ì-ʈӛ˜ Û fiÏÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ÙÔÌ›˜ (ÔÈ-ÎÔÓÔÌÈÎfi Î·È ÔÏÈÙÈÎfi). £ÂˆÚËÙÈ-ο, ı· ¤¯ÂÈ ÙË ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ· Ó· η-Ù·ÛÙ› ·ÎfiÌË Î·È Ì¤ÏÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ™˘Ì-‚Ô˘Ï›Ô˘ ∞ÛÊ·Ï›·˜ ÙÔ˘ OHE.™˘ÓÔÏÈο, Ë ·Ó·ÁÓÒÚÈÛË ÓÔÌÈ΋˜ÚÔÛˆÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ∂∂ ÂÓÈ-Û¯‡ÂÈ ÙÔÓ ‰ÈÂıÓ‹ ÚfiÏÔ Î·È ÙËÓ·ÚÔ˘Û›· Ù˘ ∂∂ ˆ˜ ÂÓÈ·›Ô ÔÈÔ-

Ó› ÎÚ·ÙÈÎfi ÌfiÚʈ̷.2. ŒÓÙ·ÍË Ã¿ÚÙË £ÂÌÂÏȈ‰ÒÓ

¢ÈÎ·ÈˆÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÛÙÔ ™‡ÓÙ·ÁÌ·. ªÂÙÔ Û¯¤‰ÈÔ ™˘ÓÙ¿ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜, o X¿Ú-Ù˘ ·ÔÎÙ¿ ÓÔÌÈο ‰ÂÛÌ¢ÙÈ΋ ˘-fiÛÙ·ÛË (ˆ˜ ÙÔ ‰Â‡ÙÂÚÔ Ì¤ÚÔ˜ÙÔ˘ ™˘ÓÙ¿ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜). √È ÓÔÌÈΤ˜,ÔÏÈÙÈΤ˜ Î·È Û˘ÓÙ·ÁÌ·ÙÈΤ˜,ÚÔÂÎÙ¿ÛÂȘ Ù˘ ÌÂÙ·ÙÚÔ‹˜ ÙÔ˘Ã¿ÚÙË ·fi ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ ‰È·Î‹Ú˘ÍË ÛÂ(ÓÔÌÈο) ‰ÂÛÌ¢ÙÈÎfi ΛÌÂÓÔ Â›-Ó·È ÚÔÊ·Ó›˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÔÏÈÙÈÎ‹Î·È ıÂÛÌÈ΋ Û˘ÁÎÚfiÙËÛË Ù˘ ∂∂.

3. ∂¤ÎÙ·ÛË ÂȉÈ΋˜ ÏÂÈÔ„Ë-Ê›·˜. ªÂ ÙÔ Û¯¤‰ÈÔ ™˘ÓÙ¿ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜ÂÂÎÙ›ÓÂÙ·È Û ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi (·Ó ηÈfi¯È Û ÈηÓÔÔÈËÙÈÎfi) ‚·ıÌfi Ë ÂÈ-‰È΋ ÏÂÈÔ„ËÊ›· ˆ˜ ̤ÛÔ˘ ÁÈ· ÙËÏ‹„Ë ÙˆÓ ·ÔÊ¿ÛÂˆÓ ÛÙÔ ™˘Ì-‚Ô‡ÏÈÔ ms ∂∂. ¶·Ú¿ÏÏËÏ· (·fiÙÔ 2009) ·ÏÏ¿˙ÂÈ ÔÚȷο Ô ÙÚfiÔ˜Û¯ËÌ·ÙÈÛÌÔ‡ Ù˘ ÂȉÈ΋˜ ÏÂÈÔ„Ë-Ê›·˜. ∞fi ÙÔ ÂÚ›ÏÔÎÔ Û‡ÛÙËÌ·Ù˘ ηٷÓÔÌ‹˜ ÙˆÓ „‹ÊˆÓ, Ë ∂∂ı· ÂÓÛÙÂÚÓÈÛı› ÛÙÔ Û‡ÛÙËÌ·

∆√ ∂Àƒø¶∞´∫√ ™À¡∆∞°ª∞ ∫∞π ∏ √ª√™¶√¡¢π∞ÙÔ˘ ¶.∫. πˆ·ÎÂÈÌ›‰Ë*

∆Ô Û¯¤‰ÈÔ ÙÔ˘ Â˘Úˆ·˚ÎÔ‡ ™˘ÓÙ¿ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜, Ô˘ ›ÛËÌ· ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿ÛıËÎÂ

ÛÙÔ ∂˘Úˆ·˚Îfi ™˘Ì‚Ô‡ÏÈÔ Ù˘ £ÂÛÛÛ·Ïfiӛ΢ / ÷ÏÎȉÈ΋˜ ·ÔÙÂÏ›

·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓÔ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜ ‰È·Ì¿¯Ë˜. ∫·È Â›Ó·È Ê˘ÛÈÎfi. ∏ ÂÎfiÓËÛË

™˘ÓÙ¿ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜ Û˘ÓÈÛÙ¿ ÎÔÚ˘Ê·›· ÔÏÈÙÙÈ΋ Ú¿ÍË ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋

ŒÓˆÛË (∂∂) Î·È ˆ˜ ÂÎ ÙÔ‡ÙÔ˘ Â›Ó·È ÏÔÁÈÎfi Ó· ·ÔÙÂÏ› ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓÔ

·ÓÙÈ·Ú¿ıÂÛ˘ ÛÙÔ Ï·›ÛÈÔ ins ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜ ‰È·‰Èηۛ·˜. ∫·Ù¿ ¿ÏÏÔ˘˜ ÙÔ

Û¯¤‰ÈÔ ™˘ÓÙ¿ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÂÙ·¯ı› «ÛÙÔ Î·Ï¿ıÈ ÙˆÓ ·¯Ú‹ÛÙˆÓ»

(«Economist», 21-27 πÔ˘Ó›Ô˘ 2003) Î·È Î·Ù¿ ¿ÏÏÔ˘˜, ÙÔ Û¯¤‰ÈÔ

™˘ÓÙ¿ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜ ·Ó·ÙÚ¤ÂÈ ‚·ÛÈΤ˜, ‰È·ıÂÛÌÈΤ˜ Î·È ‰È·ÎÚ·ÙÈΤ˜,

ÈÛÔÚÚԛ˜ ÛÙËÓ ∂∂ Î·È ÚÔˆı› ·ÎÚ·›Â˜ ÌÔÚʤ˜ ‰È·Î˘‚ÂÚÓËÙÈ΋˜

ÔÚÁ¿ÓˆÛ˘ ÛÙÔ ıÂÛÌÈÎfi Û‡ÛÙËÌ· Ù˘ ∂∂.

* √ ¶.∫. πˆ·ÎÂÈÌ›‰Ë˜ Â›Ó·È Î·ıËÁËÙ‹˜¶·ÓÂÈÛÙËÌ›Ô˘ ∞ıËÓÒÓ, ¶Úfi‰ÚÔ˜ &°ÂÓ. ¢È¢ı˘ÓÙ‹˜ ∂ÏÏËÓÈÎÔ‡ ∫¤ÓÙÚÔ˘∂˘Úˆ·˚ÎÒÓ ªÂÏÂÙÒÓ. À‹ÚÍ ·Ó·Ï.ÂÎÚfiÛˆÔ˜ Ù˘ ∂ÏÏËÓÈ΋˜ ΢‚¤ÚÓË-Û˘ ÛÙË ™˘Ó¤Ï¢ÛË ÁÈ· ÙÔ ª¤ÏÏÔÓ Ù˘∂˘ÚÒ˘.

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EYPø¶A´KH EKºPA™H ñ Ù. 50 ñ 3O TPIMHNO 2003

Ù˘ «‰ÈÏ‹˜ ÏÂÈÔ„ËÊ›·˜» -ÏÂÈÔ-„ËÊ›·˜ ÙˆÓ ÎÚ·ÙÒÓ Î·È ÏÂÈÔ„Ë-Ê›·˜ ÏËı˘ÛÌÔ‡ (60%) ÁÈ· ÙË Ï‹„ËÙˆÓ ·ÔÊ¿ÛˆÓ. ¶ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È, ηٿ‚¿ÛË, ÁÈ· ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·ÙÈÎfi ·ÏÏ¿ ηÈÔÌÔÛÔӉȷ΋˜ ÏÔÁÈ΋˜ Û‡ÛÙËÌ·,ȉȷ›ÙÂÚ· Ì ÙËÓ ¿ÌÂÛË ·Ú·Ô-Ì‹ ÛÙÔÓ ÏËı˘ÛÌfi Ù˘ ∂∂ Ô˘‰È·Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ.

4. ∂Ó›Û¯˘ÛË ÙÔ˘ ∂˘Úˆ·˚ÎÔ‡∫ÔÈÓÔ‚Ô˘Ï›Ô˘. ªÂ ÙÔ Û¯¤‰ÈÔ ™˘-ÓÙ¿ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜, ÙÔ ∂˘Úˆ·˚Îfi ∫ÔÈÓÔ-‚Ô‡ÏÈÔ Î·ı›ÛÙ·Ù·È Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎfi˜Û˘Ó-ÓÔÌÔı¤Ù˘. ∏ «‰È·‰Èηۛ·Ù˘ Û˘Ó·fiÊ·Û˘» (Ô˘ ÌÂÙÔÓÔ-Ì¿˙ÂÙ·È Û «ÓÔÌÔıÂÙÈ΋ ‰È·‰Èη-Û›·») ηı›ÛÙ·Ù·È Ô Î·ÓfiÓ·˜ ÁÈ·ÙË Ï‹„Ë ÙˆÓ ·ÔÊ¿ÛÂˆÓ (Ì ÙȘ·˘ÙÔÓfiËÙ˜ Î·È ·Ó·fiÊ¢ÎÙ˜ÂÍ·ÈÚ¤ÛÂȘ). ∆Ô‡ÙÔ Â›Ó·È È‰È·›ÙÂ-Ú· ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ ÂͤÏÈÍË ÛÙËÓ ÔÌÔ-ÛÔӉȷ΋ ÚÔÔÙÈ΋ Ù˘ ∂∂,ηıÒ˜ ÌÂÙ·ÎÈÓ› ·ÔÊ·ÛÈÛÙÈοÙË ÓÔÌÔıÂÙÈ΋ ‰È·‰Èηۛ· ÚÔ˜¤Ó· ˘„ËÏfiÙÂÚÔ ˘ÂÚÂıÓÈÎfi ›-‰Ô.

5. ∂ÎÏÔÁ‹ ÚÔ¤‰ÚÔ˘ ∂ÈÙÚÔ-‹˜ ·fi ∂∫. ∏ ·Ó¿‰ÂÈÍË ÙÔ˘ ÚÔ-¤‰ÚÔ˘ Ù˘ ∂ÈÙÚÔ‹˜ ·fi ÙÔ ∫ÔÈ-ÓÔ‚Ô‡ÏÈÔ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ›Ûˆ˜ ÙËÓ ÂÓ‰˘Ó¿ÌÂÈ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfiÙÂÚË ıÂÛÌÈ΋ÂͤÏÈÍË Ô˘ ı· ÚÔÛ‰ÈÔÚ›ÛÂÈ ÙËÌÂÏÏÔÓÙÈ΋ Ê˘ÛÈÔÁӈ̛· ÙÔ˘ Â-ÓˆÛÈ·ÎÔ‡ Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ pos ÙËÓηÙ‡ı˘ÓÛË Ù˘ ÔÌÔÛÔӉȷ΋˜ÏÔÁÈ΋˜.

6. £¤ÛÈÛË ı¤Û˘ ˘Ô˘ÚÁÔ‡∂͈ÙÂÚÈÎÒÓ. ∏ ‡·ÚÍË ÙÔ˘ ˘-Ô˘ÚÁÔ‡ ∂͈ÙÂÚÈÎÒÓ ‰ÂÓ ÂÓÈÛ¯‡-ÂÈ ÌfiÓÔ ÙËÓ Â͈ÙÂÚÈ΋ ·ÚÔ˘Û›·Î·È ÙÔÓ ÚfiÏÔ Ù˘ ∂∂, ·ÏÏ¿ ÂÌÂ-‰ÒÓÂÈ Î·È ÙÔ ıÂÛÌÈÎfi Û‡ÛÙËÌ· ÛÂÌÈ· ˘ÂÚÂıÓÈ΋-ÔÌÔÛÔӉȷ΋ÚÔÔÙÈ΋.

7. ∞ÏÔÔ›ËÛË ÙˆÓ ÓÔÌÈÎÒÓÌ¤ÛˆÓ Ùns ŒÓˆÛ˘/ÀÂÚÔ¯‹ Â-ÓˆÛÈ·ÎÔ‡ ‰Èη›Ô˘. ªÂ ÙÔ Û¯¤‰ÈÔ™˘ÓÙ¿ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜ ·ÏÔÔÈÔ‡ÓÙ·È Î·ÈÌÂÙÔÓÔÌ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È Ù· «ÓÔÌÈο ̤-

Û·» Ù˘ ∂∂. ŒÙÛÈ, ÂÁηٷÏ›Â-Ù·È Ë ÔÓÔÌ·ÙÔÏÔÁ›· ÙˆÓ Î·ÓÔÓÈ-ÛÌÒÓ, Ô‰ËÁÈÒÓ, ÎÙÏ., Î·È ˘ÈÔıÂ-ÙÂ›Ù·È Ë ÔÚÔÏÔÁ›· ÙˆÓ ÓfïÓ(laws), ÓfiÌˆÓ - Ï·ÈÛ›ˆÓ (framework laws), ÎÙÏ. ∏ ·ÏÏ·Á‹ ·˘Ù‹ ›-Ûˆ˜ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È Ù¯ÓÈÎÔ‡ ¯·Ú·ÎÙ‹Ú·,Â›Ó·È fï˜ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋, ·ÊÔ‡, ÌÂ-ٷ͇ ÙˆÓ ¿ÏψÓ, ·Ú·¤ÌÂÈ Û«ÎÚ·ÙÈÎÔ‡ Ù‡Ô˘» ÓÔÌÈ΋ Ù¿ÍË. ¶·-Ú¿ÏÏËÏ·, ÙÔ Û¯¤‰ÈÔ ÚԂϤÂÈ ÚË-Ù¿ ÙËÓ ˘ÂÚÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ ÂÓˆÛÈ·ÎÔ‡‰Èη›Ô˘ ¤Ó·ÓÙÈ ÙÔ˘ ÂıÓÈÎÔ‡.

8. ∂ÌÏÔ˘ÙÈÛÌfi˜ ÙÔ˘ ·ÍÈÔÏÔÁÈ-ÎÔ‡ ÂÚȯÔ̤ÓÔ˘ Ù˘ ∂∂. ™ÙÔÛ¯¤‰ÈÔ ™˘ÓÙ¿ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ·-Ó·ÊÔÚ¤˜ ÛÙÔ Û‚·ÛÌfi Ù˘ ·Ó-ıÚÒÈÓ˘ ·ÍÈÔÚ¤ÂÈ·˜, Ù˘ Â-Ï¢ıÂÚ›·˜, Ù˘ ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜ ÎÚ¿-ÙÔ˘˜ ‰Èη›Ô˘ ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È Ù˘ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈ-

΋˜ ÚÔfi‰Ô˘, ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈ΋˜ ‰ÈηÈÔ-Û‡Ó˘ Î·È Ù˘ Ï‹ÚÔ˘˜ ··Û¯fi-ÏËÛ˘. À¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó, ›Û˘, Ó¤Â˜Ú˘ıÌ›ÛÂȘ Ô˘ ÚÔˆıÔ‡Ó ÙËÓ¤ÓÓÔÈ· Ù˘ ·ÏÏËÏÂÁÁ‡Ë˜ («Ú‹-ÙÚ· ·ÌÔÈ‚·›·˜ Û˘Ó‰ÚÔÌ‹˜»,ÎÙÏ.). £ÂÛ›˙ÔÓÙ·È ·ÎfiÌË ÔÈ ·Ú-¯¤˜ Ù˘ ·ÓÙÈÚÔÛˆÂ˘ÙÈ΋˜ ηÈÛ˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯È΋˜ ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜, ÂÓÒ·Ó·ÁÓˆÚ›˙ÂÙ·È, ÚÒÙË ÊÔÚ¿, ˤÓÓÔÈ· ÙÔ˘ ÔÏ›ÙË Î·È ÂÓÈÛ¯‡ÔÓÙ·ÈÔÈ Ú˘ıÌ›ÛÂȘ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Â˘Úˆ·˚΋ È-ı·Á¤ÓÂÈ·. ∏ ·Ó·ÊÔÚ¿ ÛÙÔÓ Â˘Úˆ-·›Ô ÔÏ›ÙË, ˆ˜ ËÁ‹ ÓÔÌÈÌÔÔ›Ë-Û˘ Ù˘ ÂÓÔÔÈËÙÈ΋˜ ‰È·‰Èη-Û›·˜, ÂÓ¤¯ÂÈ È‰È·›ÙÂÚË ÛËÌ·Û›·

ÛÙË ÏÔÁÈ΋ Ù˘ ÔÌÔÛÔӉȷ΋˜ÔÈÎÔ‰fiÌËÛ˘.

9. ∂̤‰ˆÛË Ù˘ ·Ú¯‹˜ Ù˘«ÂÈÎÔ˘ÚÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜». ∞ÓÂÍ¿ÚÙËÙ··fi ÔÔÈÂÛ‰‹ÔÙ ÂÚÌËÓ›˜, Ë·Ú¯‹ Ù˘ ÂÈÎÔ˘ÚÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ ·Ô-ÙÂÏ› ·Ó·fiÛ·ÛÙÔ ÛÙÔÈ¯Â›Ô Ù˘ÔÌÔÛÔӉȷ΋˜ Û˘ÁÎÚfiÙËÛ˘ÔÏÈÙÈÎÒÓ Û˘ÛÙËÌ¿ÙˆÓ. ∆Ô Û¯¤-‰ÈÔ ™˘ÓÙ¿ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜ «ẨÒÓÂÈ»ÙËÓ ·Ú¯‹ ·˘Ù‹, ÂÓÒ Ù·˘Ùfi¯ÚÔÓ··Ó·ÁÓˆÚ›˙ÂÈ fiÙÈ Ë ∂∂ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›ÛÙË ‚¿ÛË ÙÔ˘ «ÎÔÈÓÔÙÈÎÔ‡ ÚÔÙ‡-Ô˘» ÔÏÔÎÏ‹ÚˆÛ˘.

10. ∏ ÂÎfiÓËÛË ÙÔ˘ ™˘ÓÙ¿ÁÌ·-ÙÔ˜. ∆¤ÏÔ˜, (ˆ˜ ηıÔÚÈÛÙÈÎfi ÛÙÔÈ-¯Â›Ô Ù˘ ÔÌÔÛÔӉȷ΋˜ ÏÔÁÈ΋˜ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ıˆÚËı› ÙÔ ÁÂÁÔ-Ófi˜ Ù˘ ÂÎfiÓËÛ˘ ™˘ÓÙ¿ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ∂∂. ªÂ ÙÔÓ ÙÚfiÔ ·˘Ùfi,Ë «∂∂ ÙˆÓ ™˘ÓıËÎÒÓ» ‰›ÓÂÈ ÙË ı¤-ÛË Ù˘ ÛÙËÓ «∂∂ ÙÔ˘ ™˘ÓÙ¿ÁÌ·-ÙÔ˜». ∏ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ Î·È Û˘Ì‚ÔÏÈ΋ÛËÌ·Û›· Ù˘ ÂͤÏÈ͢ ·˘Ù‹˜ ›-Ó·È ·‰È·ÌÊÈÛ‚‹ÙËÙË. ∏ ¤ÓÓÔÈ·ÙÔ˘ ™˘ÓÙ¿ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜ ·Ú·¤ÌÂÈ ÛÂÎÚ·ÙÈ΋ ÔÓÙfiÙËÙ· ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·ÙÈ΋˜Û˘ÁÎÚfiÙËÛ˘ Î·È ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›·˜. ∆Ô™‡ÓÙ·ÁÌ· ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÙÔ Ì¤ÛÔ Á¤Ó-ÓËÛ˘ ÌÈ·˜ ÔÌÔÛÔÓ‰›·˜ (.¯.∏¶∞, ∫·Ó·‰¿˜, ÎÙÏ.).

µÂ‚·›ˆ˜, ÛÙÔ Û¯¤‰ÈÔ ™˘ÓÙ¿Á-Ì·ÙÔ˜ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÛÙÔȯ›· Î·È Ú˘ı-Ì›ÛÂȘ Ô˘ ı· ÌÔÚÔ‡Û ӷ ÂÈη-ÏÂÛı› οÔÈÔ˜ ÁÈ· Ó· ÂȯÂÈÚË-Ì·ÙÔÏÔÁ‹ÛÂÈ ˘¤Ú Ù˘ ¿Ô„˘Ù˘ ‰È·Î˘‚ÂÚÓËÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜. øs Ù¤-ÙÔÈ· ÛÙÔȯ›· ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÔÓÙ·È, .¯.,Ë ÙÔÔı¤ÙËÛË ÛÙ·ıÂÚÔ‡ ÚÔ¤-‰ÚÔ˘ ÛÙÔ ∂˘Úˆ·˚Îfi ™˘Ì‚Ô‡ÏÈÔ,Ë ÌÂÙ·ÚÚ‡ıÌÈÛË Ù˘ ÂÎ ÂÚÈÙÚÔ-‹˜ ÚÔ‰ڛ·˜ ÛÙÔ ™˘Ì‚Ô‡ÏÈÔÀÔ˘ÚÁÒÓ, Î.¿. øÛÙfiÛÔ, ÔÈ ÌÂÙ·Ú-Ú˘ıÌ›ÛÂȘ ·˘Ù¤˜ Â›Ó·È ·Ó·Áη›Â˜ˆ˜ ÚÔ¸fiıÂÛË ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÓ›Û¯˘ÛËÙ˘ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ Ù˘ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›·˜ Î·È ‰È·‰Èηۛ·˜ ‰È·-ÌfiÚʈÛ˘ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜ ÛÙË ‰È¢ڢ-̤ÓË ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋ ŒÓˆÛË.

❝∏ ‡·ÚÍËÙÔ˘ ˘Ô˘ÚÁÔ‡∂͈ÙÂÚÈÎÒÓẨÒÓÂÈ ÙÔıÂÛÌÈÎfi Û‡ÛÙËÌ·Û ÌÈ·˘ÂÚÂıÓÈ΋-ÔÌÔÛÔӉȷ΋ÚÔÔÙÈ΋.❞

Page 28: European Expression - Issue 50

¢ π ∂ À ƒ À ¡ ™ ∏ ∆ ∏ ™ ∂ ∂

EYPø¶A´KH EKºPA™H ñ Ù. 50 ñ 3O TPIMHNO 2003

1.¶ÚÔÎÏ‹ÛÂȘ Î·È ÚÔÙÂÚ·ÈfiÙËÙ˜ÛÙË ‰ÈÂ˘Ú˘Ì¤ÓË ŒÓˆÛË

∏·‡ÍËÛË ÙÔ˘ ·ÚÈıÌÔ‡ ÙˆÓ ÎÚ·ÙÒÓ ÌÂÏÒÓ Ù˘ŒÓˆÛ˘ Ì ‰¤Î· ·ÎfiÌË ÎÚ¿ÙË, Ù· ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ·

·fi Ù· ÔÔ›· ˘ÛÙÂÚÔ‡Ó ÛÂ Â›Â‰Ô ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈ΋˜ ¢-ËÌÂÚ›·˜ ¤Ó·ÓÙÈ ÙˆÓ ÛËÌÂÚÈÓÒÓ ÎÚ·ÙÒÓ ÌÂÏÒÓ, ı··˘Í‹ÛÂÈ ÙËÓ ÂÙÂÚÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ· Ù˘ ŒÓˆÛ˘. √È ÂÚÈÛÛfi-ÙÂÚ˜ ˘fi ¤ÓÙ·ÍË ¯ÒÚ˜ ·ÔÎÏ›ÓÔ˘Ó ÂÍ¿ÏÏÔ˘ ÛË-Ì·ÓÙÈο ·fi ÙÔ Â˘Úˆ·˚Îfi ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎfi ÚfiÙ˘Ô.

∫¿Ùˆ ·fi ÙȘ Ӥ˜ Û˘Óı‹Î˜ ·˘ÍË̤Ó˘ ÂÙÂÚÔ-Á¤ÓÂÈ·˜ Ù˘ ŒÓˆÛ˘, Ë ‰È·ÛÊ¿ÏÈÛË Ù˘ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈ-΋˜ Û˘ÓÔ¯‹˜ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ı· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÂÈ ÙËÓ ÚÒ-ÙË ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ÚfiÎÏËÛË ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÈ‚›ˆÛË Ù˘ ‰È¢ڢ-̤Ó˘ ŒÓˆÛ˘. ∏ ·¿ÓÙËÛË Ûã ·˘Ù‹ ÙËÓ ÚfiÎÏËÛËÚÔ¸Ôı¤ÙÂÈ Ì¤ÙÚ· ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈ΋˜ Î·È ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈ΋˜ Û˘-ÓÔ¯‹˜, ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ· Ì ·˘Ù¿ Ô˘ ·ÔÊ·Û›ÛÙËÎ·Ó ÌÂ-Ù¿ ÙËÓ ¤ÓÙ·ÍË ÙˆÓ ¯ˆÚÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ∂˘Úˆ·˚ÎÔ‡ ¡fiÙÔ˘.∂›Ó·È ·ÌÊ›‚ÔÏÔ ·Ó Ù· ̤ÙÚ· ·˘Ù¿ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ˘ÏÔ-ÔÈËıÔ‡Ó ¯ˆÚ›˜ ÚÈ˙ÈΤ˜ ÌÂÙ·‚ÔϤ˜ ÙÔ˘ ‰ËÌÔÛÈÔÓÔ-ÌÈÎÔ‡ Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ Ù˘ ŒÓˆÛ˘, ·fi ÙËÓ ÏÂ˘Ú¿ÙfiÛÔ ÙˆÓ fiÚˆÓ, fiÛÔ Î·È ÙˆÓ ‰··ÓÒÓ. ∂›Ó·È ·Îfi-ÌË ÈÔ ·ÌÊ›‚ÔÏÔ ·Ó ı· ‰È·ÌÔÚʈı› Ë ··Ú·›ÙËÙËÔÏÈÙÈ΋ ‚Ô‡ÏËÛË ÛÙ· ÛËÌÂÚÈÓ¿ ÎÚ¿ÙË Ì¤ÏË ÚÔ-ÎÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘ Ó· ·Ô‰Â¯ıÔ‡Ó ÙËÓ ÌÂÙ·ÊÔÚ¿ fiÚˆÓÚÔ˜ Ù· Ó¤· Î·È ÊÙˆ¯fiÙÂÚ· ÎÚ¿ÙË Ì¤ÏË. ∂ȉÈÎfiÙÂ-Ú·, ÔÈ ÛËÌÂÚÈÓÔ› ηı·ÚÔ› Ï‹Ù˜ Ì ‰˘ÛÎÔÏ›· ı·‰Â¯ıÔ‡Ó Ì›ˆÛË ÙˆÓ ·ÔÏ‹„ÂÒÓ ÙÔ˘˜, ÂÓÒ ÔÈ ÛË-ÌÂÚÈÓÔ› ηı·ÚÔ› ‰fiÙ˜ ı· ·ÓÙÈÙ·¯ıÔ‡Ó ÛÙËÓ ·‡ÍË-ÛË ÙÔ˘ ÎÔÈÓÔÙÈÎÔ‡ ÚÔ¸ÔÏÔÁÈÛÌÔ‡ Î·È ÙȘ ·Îfi-ÏÔ˘ı˜ ÚfiÛıÂÙ˜ ÂÈ‚·Ú‡ÓÛÂȘ. ªÂ ÙËÓ Ì›ˆÛË Â-Í¿ÏÏÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ ̤ÛÔ˘ ÎÔÈÓÔÙÈÎÔ‡ ∞∂¶, ÔÚÈṲ̂ӷ ÎÚ¿-ÙË Ì¤ÏË Â›Ó·È ÂӉ¯fiÌÂÓÔ Ó· ÌÂٷٷÁÔ‡Ó ·fi ÙËÓηÙËÁÔÚ›· ÙÔ˘ Ï‹ÙË ÛÙËÓ Î·ÙËÁÔÚ›· ÙÔ˘ ‰fiÙË.

∞fi ÙËÓ ¿ÏÏË ÏÂ˘Ú¿, Ë ÂÓÙÂÈÓfiÌÂÓË ·ÛÙ¿ıÂÈ·Î·È ·Ó·ÛÊ¿ÏÂÈ· Ô˘ ·ÔÚÚ¤Ô˘Ó ·fi ÙËÓ Î·Ù¿ÚÁË-ÛË ÙˆÓ ÂıÓÈÎÒÓ Û˘ÓfiÚˆÓ Î·È ÙËÓ ·ÁÎÔÛÌÈÔÔ›ËÛËÙˆÓ ·ÁÔÚÒÓ, Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ı· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÔ˘Ó ÙË ‰Â‡-ÙÂÚË ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ÚfiÎÏËÛË ÛÙË ‰ÈÂ˘Ú˘Ì¤ÓË ŒÓˆÛË. ∏ŒÓˆÛË ¤¯ÂÈ ‹‰Ë ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆ›ÛÂÈ Ì ÂÈÙ˘¯›· ÙË ‰ÈÂ-ıÓ‹ ÓÔÌÈÛÌ·ÙÈ΋ ·ÛÙ¿ıÂÈ· Î·È ÎÂÚ‰ÔÛÎÔ›· ÂÁηıÈ-‰Ú‡ÔÓÙ·˜ ÙËÓ √¡∂. µ¤‚·È· Ë √¡∂ Â›Ó·È ËÌÈÙÂÏ‹˜,·ÊÔ‡ Ë ÓÔÌÈÛÌ·ÙÈ΋ ¤ÓˆÛË ‰ÂÓ Û˘Óԉ‡ÂÙ·È ·fiÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈ΋ Î·È ‰Ë ‰ËÌÔÛÈÔÓÔÌÈ΋ ¤ÓˆÛË. ¢ÂÓ Ê·›-ÓÂÙ·È ·ÎfiÌË Èı·Ó‹ Ë Î·ıȤڈÛË ÎÔÈÓÔÙÈÎÔ‡ Êfi-ÚÔ˘, Ô‡ÙÂ Ë ÂÍ·ÛÊ¿ÏÈÛË ÙˆÓ ··Ú·›ÙËÙˆÓ fiÚˆÓÁÈ· ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚ˜ ‰·¿Ó˜ ÛÙËÓ ¤Ú¢ӷ Î·È Ù¯ÓÔ-ÏÔÁÈ΋ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË, ÙË ‰È·ÛÊ¿ÏÈÛË ÙˆÓ Â͈ÙÂÚÈÎÒÓÛ˘ÓfiÚˆÓ Ù˘ ŒÓˆÛ˘ ÎÏ.

∏ ÂÈÙ˘¯‹˜ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛË ÙˆÓ ÚÔÎÏ‹ÛÂˆÓ Ù˘‰ÈÂıÓÔ‡˜ ·ÛÙ¿ıÂÈ·˜ Î·È ·Ó·ÛÊ¿ÏÂÈ·˜ ÚÔ¸Ôı¤ÙÂÈÙËÓ ÈηÓfiÙËÙ· ·ÚÔ˘Û›·˜ Î·È ‰Ú¿Û˘ Ù˘ ŒÓˆÛ˘ÛÙË ‰ÈÂıÓ‹ ÛÎËÓ‹. ∏ ·Ï‹ ·‡ÍËÛË ÙÔ˘ ·ÚÈıÌÔ‡ ÙˆÓÎÚ·ÙÒÓ ÌÂÏÒÓ Ù˘ ŒÓˆÛ˘ ηıÈÛÙ¿ ‰˘ÛÎÔÏfiÙÂÚËÙË ‰È·ÌfiÚʈÛË Â͈ÙÂÚÈ΋˜ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜, ÛÙÔÓ ‚·ıÌfiÌ¿ÏÈÛÙ· Ô˘ ÛÙÔ Â‰›Ô ·˘Ùfi ‰ÂÓ ·Ó·ÁÓˆÚ›˙ÂÙ·ÈÔ˘ÛÈ҉˘ ÚfiÏÔ˜ ÛÙËÓ ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋ ∂ÈÙÚÔ‹. ∆Ô ÎÂ-Ófi ·˘Ùfi Â›Ó·È Èı·Ófi Ó· Î·Ï˘Êı› ·fi ¤Ó· Û˘Ó·-ÛÈÛÌfi ÙˆÓ ÌÂÁ¿ÏˆÓ ÎÚ·ÙÒÓ ÌÂÏÒÓ Ô˘ ı· ÂÓÂÚ-ÁÔ‡Ó ˆ˜ ¿Ù˘Ô ‰È¢ı˘ÓÙ‹ÚÈÔ. ∞fi ÙËÓ ¿ÏÏË Ï¢-Ú¿, Ë ÈηÓfiÙËÙ· ·ÚÔ˘Û›·˜ Î·È ‰Ú¿Û˘ Ù˘ ŒÓˆÛ˘ÛÙË ‰ÈÂıÓ‹ ÛÎËÓ‹ Û˘Ó·ÚÙ¿Ù·È Ì ÙËÓ ·Ô‰Ô¯‹ ‹·ÌÊÈÛ‚‹ÙËÛË ÙÔ˘ ËÁÂÌÔÓÈÎÔ‡ ÚfiÏÔ˘ ÙˆÓ ∏¶∞. ∆·ÛËÌÂÚÈÓ¿ ÎÚ¿ÙË Ì¤ÏË Ù˘ ŒÓˆÛ˘, Ì ÂÍ·›ÚÂÛË ÙÔ∏Ó. µ·Û›ÏÂÈÔ, ¤¯Ô˘Ó Ù·¯ı› ηْ ·ӿÏË„Ë ˘¤ÚÂÓfi˜ ·˘ÙfiÓÔÌÔ˘ ‰ÈÂıÓÔ‡˜ ÚfiÏÔ˘ Ù˘ ŒÓˆÛ˘. ¢È·-ʈÓÔ‡Ó ¿ÓÙˆ˜ ˆ˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ·Ó Ë ∂˘ÚÒË Ú¤ÂÈÓ· ¤¯ÂÈ ÊÈÏÔ‰Ô͛˜ ˘ÂÚ‰‡Ó·Ì˘ ‹ ·ÏÒ˜ Ó· ÛÙË-

H ‰È·Î˘‚¤ÚÓËÛËÙ˘ ‰ÈÂ˘Ú˘Ì¤Ó˘¤ÓˆÛ˘ÙÔ˘ KˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˘ ™ÙÂÊ¿ÓÔ˘∫·ıËÁËÙ‹ ¢ÈÂıÓÒÓ & ∂˘Úˆ·˚ÎÒÓ £ÂÛÌÒÓ,¶¿ÓÙÂÈÔ ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÈÔ

Page 29: European Expression - Issue 50

¢ π ∂ À ƒ À ¡ ™ ∏ ∆ ∏ ™ ∂ ∂ 27

EYPø¶A´KH EKºPA™H ñ Ù. 50 ñ 3O TPIMHNO 2003

Ú›˙ÂÈ (ˆ˜ civilian power) ÙË ‰Ú¿ÛË ÙˆÓ ‰ÈÂıÓÒÓ ÔÚ-Á·ÓÈÛÌÒÓ Î·È ÙȘ ÚÔÛ¿ıÂȘ ·ÁÎfiÛÌÈ·˜ ‰È·Î˘-‚¤ÚÓËÛ˘. ™ËÌÂȈ٤ÔÓ fiÙÈ - Î·È ÛÙȘ ‰‡Ô ÂÚÈÙÒ-ÛÂȘ - ı· ˘¿ÚÍÔ˘Ó ·ÓÙÈ·Ú·ı¤ÛÂȘ Ì ÙȘ ∏¶∞.ŸÛÔ ‰È·ÚÎÔ‡Ó ÔÈ ‰È·ÊˆÓ›Â˜ ÛÙÔ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈÎfi Ù˘ŒÓˆÛ˘ ·Ó·ÊÔÚÈο Ì ÙÔ ÎÚ›ÛÈÌÔ ·˘Ùfi ˙‹ÙËÌ· ı·Â›Ó·È ·Ó¤ÊÈÎÙË Ë ·Ó¿‰ÂÈÍ‹ Ù˘ Û ÈÛfiÙÈÌÔ ‰ÈÂıÓ‹‰ÚÒÓÙ·.

√È ÚÔËÁÔ‡ÌÂÓ˜ ‰È·ÈÛÙÒÛÂȘ ·Ó·ÊÔÚÈο Ì ÙÔ¤ÏÏÂÈÌÌ· ‰È·Î˘‚¤ÚÓËÛ˘ ·ÊÔÚÔ‡Ó Î·Ù¿ ·ÚÈÔ ÏfiÁÔÙËÓ ¿ÛÎËÛË ÙˆÓ Î˘‚ÂÚÓËÙÈÎÒÓ ·ÚÌÔ‰ÈÔÙ‹ÙˆÓ ÛÙÔ‰›Ô Ù˘ ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈ΋˜ Î·È Ù˘ Â͈ÙÂÚÈ΋˜ ÔÏÈÙÈ-΋˜. °È· ÙÔ˘˜ Ô·‰Ô‡˜ ÙÔ˘ ‰È·Î˘‚ÂÚÓËÙÈÛÌÔ‡ ÙÔÚfi‚ÏËÌ· ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆ›˙ÂÙ·È Ì ÙËÓ ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË Ù˘ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ ™˘Ì‚Ô˘Ï›Ô˘. °È· ÙÔ˘˜ Ô·‰Ô‡˜ Ù˘ÎÔÈÓÔÙÈ΋˜ ıÂÛÌÈ΋˜ ÏÔÁÈ΋˜, ÙÔ Úfi‚ÏËÌ· ·ÓÙÈÌÂ-Ùˆ›˙ÂÙ·È Ì ÙËÓ ÂÓ›Û¯˘ÛË ÙÔ˘ ÚfiÏÔ˘ Ù˘ ∂ÈÙÚÔ-‹˜. ™ÙËÓ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·, fiÛÔ ÔÈ Î˘‚ÂÚÓËÙÈΤ˜ ·Ú-ÌÔ‰ÈfiÙËÙ˜ ı· ·ÛÎÔ‡ÓÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ ÛËÌÂÚÈÓfi ™˘Ì‚Ô‡-ÏÈÔ Î·È Ì¿ÏÈÛÙ· Û ÔÏÏ·ÏÔ‡˜ Û¯ËÌ·ÙÈÛÌÔ‡˜, ı··Ú·Ì›ÓÔ˘Ó Ù· ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· Û˘ÓÂÎÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ Î·È ·-ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙˆÓ ‰Ú¿ÛÂˆÓ Ù˘ ŒÓˆÛ˘.

2. √È ‰ËÌfiÛȘ ÔÏÈÙÈΤ˜ÛÙË ‰ÈÂ˘Ú˘Ì¤ÓË ŒÓˆÛË

2.1. ∏ ¤ÎÙ·ÛË Î·È Ë ÌÂÙ·ÏÏ·Á‹ ÙÔ˘ ‰›Ô˘Ù˘ Â˘Úˆ·˚΋˜ ‰È·Î˘‚¤ÚÓËÛ˘

∆· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ·Ú·ÙËÚÂ›Ù·È ÌÈ· Û˘Ó¯‹˜Â¤ÎÙ·ÛË Î·È ÌÂÙ·ÏÏ·Á‹ ÙÔ˘ ‰›Ô˘ Ù˘ Â˘Úˆ-

·˚΋˜ ‰È·Î˘‚¤ÚÓËÛ˘. ∏ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ¤¯ÂÈ ‰ÈÂÈÛ‰‡-ÛÂÈ Û ı¤Ì·Ù· Ô˘ ¿ÙÔÓÙ·È ÙÔ˘ ÛÎÏËÚÔ‡ ˘Ú‹Ó·Ù˘ ÎÚ·ÙÈ΋˜ ΢ÚÈ·Ú¯›·˜, fiˆ˜ ÙÔ Î·ıÂÛÙÒ˜ ÙˆÓ Â-ȯÂÈÚ‹ÛÂˆÓ ÎÔÈÓ‹˜ ˆÊ¤ÏÂÈ·˜, Ë ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÔÏÈ-ÙÈ΋, Ë ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈ΋ ·ÛÊ¿ÏÂÈ·. √ÚÈṲ̂Ó˜ Ù˘¯¤˜ ·˘-ÙÒÓ ÙˆÓ ıÂÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÂÌ›ÙÔ˘Ó ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÈÓÔÙÈ΋ ·ÚÌÔ-‰ÈfiÙËÙ·, ·ÏÏ¿ ··ÈÙÂ›Ù·È ÔÌÔʈӛ· ÁÈ· ÙË ı¤ÛÈÛË˘Ô¯ÚˆÙÈÎÒÓ Ú˘ı̛ۈÓ. ¶·Ú¿ ÙËÓ ··›ÙËÛË ·˘-Ù‹ ÂÈÙ‡¯ıËΠÚfiÛÊ·Ù· ÛÙÔ ™˘Ì‚Ô‡ÏÈÔ Û˘Ì‚È‚·-ÛÌfi˜ Û ÎÚ›ÛÈÌ· ı¤Ì·Ù· fiˆ˜ Ë ·ÂÏ¢ı¤ÚˆÛËÙÔ˘ ÂÓÂÚÁÂÈ·ÎÔ‡ ÙÔ̤·, Ë ı¤ÛÈÛË ÎÔÈÓÔÙÈÎÔ‡ ‰È-ÏÒÌ·ÙÔ˜ ¢ÚÂÛÈÙ¯ӛ·˜, Ë ÂÓ·ÚÌfiÓÈÛË Ù˘ ÊÔÚÔ-ÏÔÁ›·˜ Ù˘ ·ÔÙ·Ì›Â˘Û˘, Ë ·ÂÏ¢ı¤ÚˆÛË ÙˆÓÙÔÔıÂÙ‹ÛÂˆÓ ÙˆÓ ·ÛÊ·ÏÈÛÙÈÎÒÓ Ù·Ì›ˆÓ.

™Ù· ‰›· Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ ÂÌ›ÙÔ˘Ó ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÈÓÔÙÈ΋ ·Ú-ÌÔ‰ÈfiÙËÙ· ÂÊ·ÚÌfi˙ÔÓÙ·È ‰È¿ÊÔÚ˜ ÂΉԯ¤˜ Û˘-ÓÙÔÓÈÛÌÔ‡ ÙˆÓ ÂıÓÈÎÒÓ ÔÏÈÙÈÎÒÓ. ™Ù· ‰›· Ù˘ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈ΋˜ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜ Î·È Ù˘ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜ ··Û¯fi-

ÏËÛ˘ Ë ∫ÔÈÓfiÙËÙ· ηÙ¢ı‡ÓÂÈ Î·È Û˘ÓÙÔÓ›˙ÂÈ ÙȘ Â-ıÓÈΤ˜ ÔÏÈÙÈΤ˜ Ì ÁÂÓÈÎÔ‡˜ ÚÔÛ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈÛÌÔ‡˜,ÂÓÒ Ù· ÎÚ¿ÙË Ì¤ÏË ÂÊ·ÚÌfi˙Ô˘Ó ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·Ù·ÛÙ·ıÂÚfiÙËÙ·˜ Î·È ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘, ÂıÓÈο Û¯¤‰È· ‰Ú¿-Û˘ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ··Û¯fiÏËÛË ÎÏ.

2.2. √È ·ÔÎÏ›ÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ ˘fi ¤ÓÙ·ÍË ¯ˆÚÒÓ Î·È Ë ·-ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛ‹ ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙË ‰ÈÂ˘Ú˘Ì¤ÓË ŒÓˆÛË

√È ·ÔÎÏ›ÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ ˘fi ¤ÓÙ·ÍË ¯ˆÚÒÓ ÌÔÚÔ‡ÓÓ· Ô‰ËÁ‹ÛÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ŒÓˆÛË Û ·Ú¿Ï˘ÛË, Û fi-

Û˜ ÙÔ˘Ï¿¯ÈÛÙÔÓ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ıÂÛ›˙ÔÓÙ·È ˘Ô-¯ÚˆÙÈΤ˜ Ú˘ıÌ›ÛÂȘ Ì ÔÌÔʈӛ·. ∏ ˘¤Ú‚·ÛËÙˆÓ ·‰ÈÂÍfi‰ˆÓ ı· Â›Ó·È ‰˘Ó·Ù‹ Ì ÙËÓ ÚÔÛÊ˘Á‹ÛÙËÓ ÂÓÈÛ¯˘Ì¤ÓË Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›·. ∏ Û˘¯Ó‹ fï˜ ÚÔ-ÛÊ˘Á‹ Û’ ·˘Ù‹Ó ÌÔÚ› Ó· Ô‰ËÁ‹ÛÂÈ Û ÌÈ· ηٿ-ÛÙ·ÛË Ô˘ ı· ı˘Ì›˙ÂÈ Î¿ˆ˜ Ù· ÎÚ·Ù›‰È· Ù˘ ∞Á›·˜ƒˆÌ·˚΋˜ ∞˘ÙÔÎÚ·ÙÔÚ›·˜. ∆Ô Î·ı¤Ó· ı· ¤¯ÂÈ ÙÔ ‰È-Îfi ÙÔ˘ ηıÂÛÙÒ˜ ÛÙËÓ ŒÓˆÛË.

™Ù· ‰›· Ô˘ ÂÌ›ÙÔ˘Ó ÛÙËÓ ™ÙÚ·ÙËÁÈ΋ Ù˘§ÈÛÛ·‚ÒÓ·˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈ΋ Î·È ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈ΋ ÌÂ-Ù·ÚÚ‡ıÌÈÛË, Ë ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛË ÙˆÓ ÎÔÈÓÒÓ ÛÙfi¯ˆÓ ÂÈ-‰ÈÒÎÂÙ·È Ì¤Ûˆ Ù˘ ·ÓÔȯً˜ ÌÂıfi‰Ô˘ Û˘ÓÙÔÓÈÛÌÔ‡(∞ª™). ∏ ˘ÈÔı¤ÙËÛË Â˘¤ÏÈÎÙˆÓ ÌÂıfi‰ˆÓ ‰È·Î˘‚¤Ú-ÓËÛ˘ fiˆ˜ Ë ∞ª™ ÔÊ›ÏÂÙ·È ÛÙ· ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓ· Ô˘ÛÙ·‰È·Î¿ ˘¿ÁÔÓÙ·È ÛÙËÓ «Â˘Úˆ·˚΋ ‰È·Î˘‚¤ÚÓË-ÛË». ¶ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ÙÔÌ›˜ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÔÔ›Ô˘˜ ‰È·ÙËÚ›-Ù·È Ë ÎÚ·ÙÈ΋ ·ÚÌÔ‰ÈfiÙËÙ· (.¯. ··Û¯fiÏËÛË, Âη›-‰Â˘ÛË, ·ÁÁÂÏÌ·ÙÈ΋ ηٿÚÙÈÛË), ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÙÔÌ›˜ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÔÔ›Ô˘˜ ˘Ê›ÛÙ·Ù·È ÌÂÓ Û˘ÓÙÚ¤¯Ô˘Û· (‰˘Ó¿-ÌÂÈ) ÎÔÈÓÔÙÈ΋ ·ÚÌÔ‰ÈfiÙËÙ·, ·ÏÏ¿ Ì ‚¿ÛË ÙËÓ ·Ú¯‹Ù˘ ÂÈÎÔ˘ÚÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ ÎÚ›ÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ Ë ¿ÛÎËÛ‹ Ù˘ ̤-Ûˆ ˘Ô¯ÚˆÙÈÎÒÓ Ú˘ıÌ›ÛÂˆÓ ‰ÂÓ ÚÔÛȉȿ˙ÂÈ ÛÙËÓʇÛË ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ÓÔ˘ ·ÓÙÈÎÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘ (.¯. Û˘ÛÙ‹-Ì·Ù· ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈ΋˜ ÚÔÛÙ·Û›·˜). ∏ ∞ª™ ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ‚¤-‚·ÈÔ fiÙÈ ı· Ô‰ËÁ‹ÛÂÈ ÛÙËÓ Â›Ù¢ÍË ÙˆÓ ÛÙfi¯ˆÓ Ù˧ÈÛÛ·‚ÒÓ·˜ ˆ˜ ÙÔ 2010. ªÔÚ› fï˜ Ó· Û˘Ì‚¿ÏÂÈÛÙË Û‡ÁÎÏÈÛË ÙˆÓ ÂȉfiÛÂˆÓ ÙˆÓ ÂÓÙ·ÛÛfiÌÂÓˆÓ¯ˆÚÒÓ Ì ·˘Ù¤˜ ÙˆÓ ÛËÌÂÚÈÓÒÓ ÎÚ·ÙÒÓ ÌÂÏÒÓ.

3. ∏ ·Ó¿ÚÎÂÈ· ÙˆÓ ÚÔÙÂÈÓfiÌÂÓˆÓÛ˘ÓÙ·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ Ú˘ı̛ۈÓ

∏ı¤ÛÈÛË ÙÔ˘ ∂˘Úˆ·˚ÎÔ‡ ™˘ÓÙ¿ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜ ıˆڋ-ıËΠˆ˜ ÌÈ· ÌÔÓ·‰È΋ ¢ηÈÚ›· ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·ÓÙÈÌÂ-

ÙÒÈÛË ÙˆÓ ıÂÌ¿ÙˆÓ Ù˘ ‰È·Î˘‚¤ÚÓËÛ˘ Ù˘ ‰È¢-Ú˘Ì¤Ó˘ ŒÓˆÛ˘ Î·È ÂȉÈÎfiÙÂÚ· ÙˆÓ ÂÏÏÂÈÌÌ¿ÙˆÓ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜ Î·È ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ Ô˘ ·Ú¤-ÌÂÈÓ·Ó ÂÎÎÚÂÌ‹ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙȘ ·Ó·ıˆڋÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ È‰Ú˘ÙÈ-

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ÎÒÓ Û˘ÓıËÎÒÓ ÛÙÔ ÕÌÛÙÂÚÓÙ·Ì Î·È ÙË ¡›Î·È·. ™ÙȘ‰È·Ú·ÁÌ·Ù‡ÛÂȘ ÁÈ· ÙÔ ™‡ÓÙ·ÁÌ· Û˘ÁÎÚÔ‡ÛÙË-ηÓ, fiˆ˜ ‹Ù·Ó Ê˘ÛÈÎfi, ÔÈ ‰‡Ô ΢ڛ·Ú¯Â˜ ·ÓÙÈÏ‹-„ÂȘ ·Ó·ÊÔÚÈο Ì ÙË ıÂÛÌÈ΋ Û˘ÁÎÚfiÙËÛË Ù˘ŒÓˆÛ˘, Ë ÔÌÔÛÔӉȷ΋ Î·È Ë ‰È·Î˘‚ÂÚÓËÙÈ΋.

√È ˘ÔÛÙËÚȯ٤˜ ÙÔ˘ ÔÌÔÛÔӉȷÎÔ‡ ÚÔÙ‡Ô˘¤Ù˘¯·Ó ÒÛÙ ÙÔ ™¯¤‰ÈÔ Ó· ÚԂϤÂÈ:

ñ ÙÔÓ Î·ÓfiÓ· Ù˘ ‰ÈÙÙ‹˜ ÏÂÈÔ„ËÊ›·˜, ÎÚ·ÙÒÓÎ·È ÏËı˘ÛÌÒÓ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Ï‹„Ë ·ÔÊ¿ÛÂˆÓ ·fi ÙÔ™˘Ì‚Ô‡ÏÈÔ, ·ÓÙÈηÙÔÙÚ›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ÙËÓ ÔÌÔÛÔӉȷ΋·Ú¯‹ Ù˘ ‰ÈÙÙ‹˜ ÓÔÌÈÌÔÔ›ËÛ˘,

ñ ÙË Û˘ÁÎÚfiÙËÛË «ÓÔÌÔıÂÙÈÎÔ‡ ™˘Ì‚Ô˘Ï›Ô˘»,ÚfiÏ·ÛÌ· ÁÈ· ÙË Û˘ÁÎÚfiÙËÛË ÕÓˆ µÔ˘Ï‹˜ ‹ µÔ˘-Ï‹˜ ÙˆÓ ∫Ú·ÙÒÓ,

ñ ÙËÓ ·Ó¿‰ÂÈÍË ÙÔ˘ ÚÔ¤‰ÚÔ˘ Ù˘ ∂ÈÙÚÔ‹˜ ̤-Ûˆ ÙˆÓ ÂÎÏÔÁÒÓ ÁÈ· ÙÔ ∂˘Úˆ·˚Îfi ∫ÔÈÓÔ‚Ô‡ÏÈÔ,

ñ ÙËÓ ÂÓ›Û¯˘ÛË ÙÔ˘ ÚfiÏÔ˘ Ù˘ ∂ÈÙÚÔ‹˜ ÛÙÔÛ˘ÓÙÔÓÈÛÌfi ÙˆÓ ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈÎÒÓ ÔÏÈÙÈÎÒÓ,

ñ ÙËÓ Â¤ÎÙ·ÛË Ù˘ Ï‹„˘ ÏÂÈÔ„ËÊÈÎÒÓ ·Ô-Ê¿ÛÂˆÓ ·fi ÙÔ ™˘Ì‚Ô‡ÏÈÔ Û ı¤Ì·Ù· ÙÔ˘ ¯ÒÚÔ˘ Â-Ï¢ıÂÚ›·˜, ·ÛÊ¿ÏÂÈ·˜, ‰ÈηÈÔÛ‡Ó˘.

√È ˘ÔÛÙËÚȯ٤˜ ÙÔ˘ ‰È·Î˘‚ÂÚÓËÙÈÎÔ‡ ÚÔÙ‡Ô˘ ñ ÂÍ·ÛÊ¿ÏÈÛ·Ó ÙËÓ ÂÓ›Û¯˘ÛË ÙÔ˘ ÚfiÏÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ ∂˘-

Úˆ·˚ÎÔ‡ ™˘Ì‚Ô˘Ï›Ô˘ ÛÙËÓ Â˘Úˆ·˚΋ ‰È·Î˘‚¤Ú-ÓËÛË, Ì ÙËÓ ·Ó¿‰ÂÈÍË ÛÙ·ıÂÚÔ‡ ÚÔ¤‰ÚÔ˘ ÁÈ· ıË-Ù›· ‰˘fiÌÈÛÈ ÂÙÒÓ ·Ó·ÓÂÒÛÈÌË Ô˘ ı· ·ÔÙÂÏ› ·-ÓÙ›·ÏÔ fiÏÔ ÛÙÔÓ Úfi‰ÚÔ Ù˘ ∂ÈÙÚÔ‹˜,

ñ ·¤ÙÚ„·Ó ÙËÓ Ï‹„Ë ÏÂÈÔ„ËÊÈÎÒÓ ·ÔÊ¿ÛÂ-ˆÓ ÛÙ· ı¤Ì·Ù· Ù˘ Â͈ÙÂÚÈ΋˜ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜, Ù˘ ÊÔ-ÚÔÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ÂÓ·ÚÌfiÓÈÛ˘, Ù˘ ‰È·ÚÚ‡ıÌÈÛ˘ ÙˆÓ fi-ÚˆÓ Ù˘ ŒÓˆÛ˘ Î·È Ù˘ ·Ó·ıÂÒÚËÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ™˘-ÓÙ¿ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜.

√ÚÈṲ̂Ó˜ Ú˘ıÌ›ÛÂȘ ‰ÂÓ ‰È¤ÔÓÙ·È ·fi ÙËÓ ÔÌÔ-ÛÔӉȷ΋ ‹ ÙË ‰È·Î˘‚ÂÚÓËÙÈ΋ ÏÔÁÈ΋ ·ÏÏ¿ ÌÔ-ÚÔ‡Ó Ó· Û˘Ì‚¿ÏÔ˘Ó ÛÙËÓ ÂÓÔÔÈËÙÈ΋ ‰È·‰Èηۛ·:

ñ Ë Úfi‚ÏÂ„Ë ‰ÈÔÚÈÛÌÔ‡ ÀÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡ ∂͈ÙÂÚÈÎÒÓÙ˘ ŒÓˆÛ˘ Ô˘ ı· Â›Ó·È ∞ÓÙÈÚfi‰ÚÔ˜ Ù˘ ∂È-ÙÚÔ‹˜ Î·È ı· ÚÔ‰Ú‡ÂÈ ÛÙÔ ™˘Ì‚Ô‡ÏÈÔ ∂͈ÙÂÚÈ-ÎÒÓ ÀÔı¤ÛˆÓ,

ñ Ë ‰È¢ÎfiÏ˘ÓÛË ÙˆÓ ÂÓÈÛ¯˘Ì¤ÓˆÓ Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·ÛÈÒÓÎ·È Ë ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ· ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙËÓ ¿Ì˘Ó·.

¶¿ÓÙˆ˜ ÛÙÔ Â›ÎÂÓÙÚÔ ÙˆÓ ·ÓÙÈ·Ú·ı¤ÛÂˆÓ ÁÈ·ÙÔ ™‡ÓÙ·ÁÌ· ‚Ú¤ıËÎÂ Ë ÚÔÙÂÈÓfiÌÂÓË ‰ÂηÂÓÙ·-ÌÂÏ‹˜ Û‡ÓıÂÛË Ù˘ ∂ÈÙÚÔ‹˜. ∆· ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ·ÌÂÛ·›· Î·È ÌÈÎÚ¿ ÎÚ¿ÙË Ì¤ÏË ÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘Ó ÛÙËÓ ÂÊ·Ú-ÌÔÁ‹ Ù˘ ·Ú¯‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÓfi˜ ∂ÈÙÚfiÔ˘ ·Ó¿ ÎÚ¿ÙԘ̤ÏÔ˜ Ë ÔÔ›· ‰È·ÛÊ·Ï›˙ÂÈ Î·Ï‡ÙÂÚ· ÙË ÓÔÌÈÌÔÔ›-ËÛË Ù˘ ∂ÈÙÚÔ‹˜ ·¤Ó·ÓÙÈ ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÈÓ‹ ÁÓÒÌË ÙˆÓÎÚ·ÙÒÓ ÌÂÏÒÓ.

√È ÚÔËÁÔ‡ÌÂÓ˜ ·Ú·ÙËÚ‹ÛÂȘ ‰Â›¯ÓÔ˘Ó fiÙÈ ·-Ú¿ ÙÔÓ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÌfi ÙÔ˘ Ó¤Ô˘ ηٷÛÙ·ÙÈÎÔ‡ ÎÂÈ̤-ÓÔ˘ Ù˘ ŒÓˆÛ˘ ˆ˜ ™˘ÓÙ¿ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜, Ù· ‚‹Ì·Ù· ÚÔ˜ÙËÓ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ ÂÓÔÔ›ËÛË ‹Ù·Ó ¿ÏÏË ÌÈ· ÊÔÚ¿ ¿ÙÔÏ-Ì·. ∂› ϤÔÓ, ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È Î·ıfiÏÔ˘ ‚¤‚·ÈÔ fiÙÈ Ù· ÌÈ-ÎÚ¿ ¤ÛÙˆ ÂÈÙ‡ÁÌ·Ù· ÛÙËÓ Î·Ù‡ı˘ÓÛË Ù˘ ÂÌ‚¿-ı˘ÓÛ˘ Ù˘ ÔÏÔÎÏ‹ÚˆÛ˘ ı· ‰È·ÙËÚËıÔ‡Ó ÛÙÔ ÙÂÏÈ-Îfi ΛÌÂÓÔ Ô˘ ı· ‰È·ÌÔÚÊÒÛÂÈ Ë ÙÚ¤¯Ô˘Û· ¢È·Î˘-‚ÂÚÓËÙÈ΋ ¢È¿Û΄Ë. ◊‰Ë Ë Û˘ÁÎÚfiÙËÛË «ÓÔÌÔıÂÙÈ-ÎÔ‡ ™˘Ì‚Ô˘Ï›Ô˘» Î·È Ë ÂÓ›Û¯˘ÛË ÙÔ˘ ÚfiÏÔ˘ Ù˘ ∂È-ÙÚÔ‹˜ ÛÙÔ Û˘ÓÙÔÓÈÛÌfi ÙˆÓ ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈÎÒÓ ÔÏÈÙÈÎÒÓ·ÌÊÈÛ‚ËÙÔ‡ÓÙ·È ·fi ÔÏϤ˜ Ï¢ڤ˜ ÛÙË ¢È·Î˘‚ÂÚ-ÓËÙÈ΋ ¢È¿Û΄Ë. ∆¤ÏÔ˜, ·Ó ÙÔ ··ÈÙÔ‡ÌÂÓÔ ÏËı˘-ÛÌÈ·Îfi fiÚÈÔ ÛÙ· Ï·›ÛÈ· Ù˘ ‰ÈÙÙ‹˜ ÏÂÈÔ„ËÊ›·˜ ·˘-ÍËı› ·fi 60% Û 66%, fiˆ˜ ÂȉÈÒÎÔ˘Ó Ë πÛ·Ó›·Î·È Ë ¶Ôψӛ·, ÙfiÙÂ Ë Ú‡ıÌÈÛË ÌÔÚ› Ó· ·Ô‚› ÈÔ‰˘ÛÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÈ΋ ·fi ÙËÓ ÂȉÈ΋ ÏÂÈÔ„ËÊ›· fiˆ˜‰È·ÌÔÚÊÒıËΠ̠ÙË ™˘Óı‹ÎË Ù˘ ¡›Î·È·˜.

4. ∏ Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚ¿ ÙˆÓ ÎÚ·ÙÒÓ ÌÂÏÒÓÛÙË ‰ÈÂ˘Ú˘Ì¤ÓË ŒÓˆÛË

∏ÛÙ¿ÛË ÙˆÓ ˘fi ¤ÓÙ·ÍË ¯ˆÚÒÓ ·¤Ó·ÓÙÈ ÛÙËÓÂ˘Úˆ·˚΋ ÔÏÔÎÏ‹ÚˆÛË ÌÔÚ› Ó· ·ÍÈÔÏÔÁË-

ı› Ì ‚¿ÛË ÙÚ›· ÎÚÈÙ‹ÚÈ· Ô˘ ·ÓÙÈÛÙÔÈ¯Ô‡Ó Û ÙÚ›·Î˘Ú›·Ú¯· ·Ú·‰Â›ÁÌ·Ù· Û˘Ó·ÛÈÛÌÒÓ ÙˆÓ ÎÚ·ÙÒÓÌÂÏÒÓ.

Κατά πόσο είναι εφικτή η οικοδόµηση της ευρωπαϊκής ταυτότητας µετάτη διεύρυνση;

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1Ô ÎÚÈÙ‹ÚÈÔ: ∏ ÚÔۋψÛË ÙˆÓ ˘fi¤ÓÙ·ÍË ¯ˆÚÒÓ ÛÙȘ ÔÏÈÙÈΤ˜ ÛÙÔ-¯Â‡ÛÂȘ (finalités politiques)

∆›ıÂÙ·È ÂȉÈÎfiÙÂÚ· ÙÔ ÂÚÒÙË̷ηٿ fiÛÔ ı· Â›Ó·È ÂÊÈÎÙ‹ Ë ÌÂ-

Ù¿‚·ÛË ·fi ÙËÓ ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈ΋ ÛÙËÓÔÏÈÙÈ΋ ÂÓÔÔ›ËÛË Î·È Ë ÔÈÎÔ‰fiÌË-ÛË Ù˘ Â˘Úˆ·˚΋˜ Ù·˘ÙfiÙËÙ·˜, fi-Ù·Ó ÔÈ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ˜ ·fi ÙȘ ˘fi ¤-ÓÙ·ÍË ¯ÒÚ˜ ·ÔÙ›Ó·Í·Ó ÚfiÛÊ·Ù·ÙË ™Ô‚ÈÂÙÈ΋ ÂÈ΢ÚÈ·Ú¯›· Î·È ÂÈÎÂ-ÓÙÚÒÓÔ˘Ó ÙÔ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙËÓÔÈÎÔ‰fiÌËÛË Î·È ‰È·ÛÊ¿ÏÈÛË Ù˘ Â-ıÓÈ΋˜ ÙÔ˘˜ Ù·˘ÙfiÙËÙ·˜. ∏ ·¿ÓÙË-ÛË ÛÙÔ ÂÚÒÙËÌ· Â›Ó·È fiÙÈ Ë ÌÂÙ¿‚·-ÛË Á›ÓÂÙ·È ‰˘ÛÎÔÏfiÙÂÚË Ì ÙËÓ ¤-ÓÙ·ÍË ÙˆÓ ˘Ô„‹ÊÈˆÓ ÎÚ·ÙÒÓ ÌÂ-ÏÒÓ, ÂÎÙfi˜ ·Ó ˘ÈÔıÂÙËıÔ‡Ó ÔÈ Á·Ï-ÏÔ-ÁÂÚÌ·ÓÈΤ˜ ı¤ÛÂȘ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·Ó¿-ÁÎË Ó· ÚÔ¯ˆÚ‹ÛÔ˘Ó ÛÙËÓ ÂÓÔÔ›Ë-ÛË ÔÈ ¯ÒÚ˜ Ô˘ ı¤ÏÔ˘Ó Î·È ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó - ¯ÒÚ˜ ÔÈÔԛ˜ Û˘ÓÈÛÙÔ‡Ó ÙËÓ ÏÂÁfiÌÂÓË ÚˆÙÔÔÚ›·(avant-garde).

2Ô ÎÚÈÙ‹ÚÈÔ: ∏ ÚÔۋψÛË ÙˆÓ ˘fi ¤ÓÙ·ÍË ¯ˆ-ÚÒÓ ÛÙȘ ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈΤ˜, ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈΤ˜ Î·È ÂÚÈ‚·ÏÏÔ-ÓÙÈΤ˜ ÛÙԯ‡ÛÂȘ

∆›ıÂÙ·È ÂȉÈÎfiÙÂÚ· ÙÔ ÂÚÒÙËÌ· ηٿ fiÛÔ ÔÈ ˘fi¤ÓÙ·ÍË ¯ÒÚ˜ ÔÈ Ôԛ˜ ˘ÛÙÂÚÔ‡Ó ˆ˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ

Â›Â‰Ô ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈ΋˜ ¢ËÌÂÚ›·˜ ¤Ó·ÓÙÈ ÙˆÓ ÛËÌÂ-ÚÈÓÒÓ ÎÚ·ÙÒÓ ÌÂÏÒÓ, ı· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ ›‰È· ¢·ÈÛıË-Û›· Ì ٷ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· fiÙ·Ó Ù›ıÂÓÙ·È ˙ËÙ‹Ì·Ù· ÚÔ¿-ÛÈÛ˘ ‹ ÂÓ›Û¯˘Û˘ ÙÔ˘ Â˘Úˆ·˚ÎÔ‡ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎÔ‡ÚÔÙ‡Ô˘ Î·È Ù˘ ·ÂÈÊfiÚÔ˘ ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘ ‹, ·ÓÙ›ıÂ-Ù·, ı· ‰›ÓÔ˘Ó ÚÔÙÂÚ·ÈfiÙËÙ· ÛÙËÓ ÂÓ›Û¯˘ÛË Ù˘(ÛÙÂÓ¿ ÓÔÔ‡ÌÂÓ˘) ·ÓÙ·ÁˆÓÈÛÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙˆÓ ÔÈÎÔ-ÓÔÌÈÒÓ ÙÔ˘˜. ¢˘ÛÙ˘¯Ò˜ ·Ó·Ì¤ÓÂÙ·È ÙÔ ‰Â‡ÙÂÚÔ.

3Ô ÎÚÈÙ‹ÚÈÔ: ∏ ÛÙ¿ÛË ÙˆÓ ˘fi ¤ÓÙ·ÍË ¯ˆÚÒÓ ·Ó·-ÊÔÚÈο Ì ÙÔÓ ‰ÈÂıÓ‹ ÚfiÏÔ Ù˘ ŒÓˆÛ˘

∏ÎÚ›ÛË ÙÔ˘ πÚ¿Î ¤‰ÂÈÍ fiÙÈ ÔÈ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ˜ ˘-fi ¤ÓÙ·ÍË ¯ÒÚ˜ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÔ‡Ó ÊÈÏÔ-·ÙÏ·ÓÙÈ-

΋ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋. ∂Ó‰¤¯ÂÙ·È ÏÔÈfiÓ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙË ‰È‡ڢÓ-ÛË Ó· Â›Ó·È ‰˘ÛÎÔÏfiÙÂÚË Ë ‰È·ÌfiÚʈÛË Â˘Úˆ-·˚ÎÒÓ ı¤ÛÂˆÓ Ô˘ ı· ·ÔÎÏ›ÓÔ˘Ó ·fi ÙȘ ·ÌÂ-ÚÈηÓÈΤ˜.

5. ™˘ÌÂÚ¿ÛÌ·Ù·

™ÙÔ ÕÌÛÙÂÚÓÙ·Ì Î·È ÛÙË ¡›Î·È· ηٷ‚Ï‹ıËηÓÚÔÛ¿ıÂȘ ÒÛÙÂ Ë ÚÔÛı‹ÎË ‰¤Î· Ó¤ˆÓ

ÎÚ·ÙÒÓ ÌÂÏÒÓ Ó· ÌËÓ ‰˘Û¯ÂÚ¿ÓÂÈ ÙËÓ Ï‹„Ë ·Ô-Ê¿ÛˆÓ. √È ÚÔÛ¿ıÂȘ ·˘Ù¤˜ ¤ÌÂÈÓ·Ó ËÌÈÙÂÏ›˜Î·È Ë ıÂÛÌÈ΋ ÌÂÙ·ÚÚ‡ıÌÈÛË ÂÚÈÏ‹ÊıËΠÛÙËÓ ·-Ù˙¤ÓÙ· Ù˘ ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋˜ ™˘Ó¤Ï¢Û˘. ∆Ô ÂÎÔÓÔ‡-ÌÂÓÔ ∂˘Úˆ·˚Îfi ™‡ÓÙ·ÁÌ·, ·Ú¿ ÙËÓ ·Ó·ÌÊÈÛ‚‹-ÙËÙË Û˘Ì‚ÔÏÈ΋ ·Í›· ÙÔ˘, Û ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ ‚·ıÌfi Έ‰È-ÎÔÔÈ› ÙȘ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Û˜ ‰È¢ıÂÙ‹ÛÂȘ, Ì ÂÍ·›ÚÂ-ÛË Î¿ÔȘ ÙÔ̤˜ ÛÙËÓ Â͈ÙÂÚÈ΋ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ - Ô˘‰ÂÓ Êı¿ÓÔ˘Ó fï˜ ÛÙËÓ Úfi‚ÏÂ„Ë Ù˘ Ï‹„˘ÏÂÈÔ„ËÊÈÎÒÓ ·ÔÊ¿ÛÂˆÓ ·fi ÙÔ ™˘Ì‚Ô‡ÏÈÔ.

ªÂ ·˘Ù¿ Ù· ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È Ù· fiÛ· ·Ó·Ê¤Ú-ıËÎ·Ó ÈÔ ¿Óˆ ·Ó·ÊÔÚÈο Ì ÙËÓ Èı·ÓÔÏÔÁÔ‡-ÌÂÓË Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚ¿ ÙˆÓ Ó¤ˆÓ ÎÚ·ÙÒÓ ÌÂÏÒÓ, Ë Ï‹-„Ë ·ÔÊ¿ÛÂˆÓ ÂÓ‰¤¯ÂÙ·È Ó· ηٷÛÙ› ‰˘ÛÎÔÏfi-ÙÂÚË ÌÂÙ¿ ÙË ‰È‡ڢÓÛË. √È ‰˘ÛÎÔϛ˜ ·˘Ù¤˜ ÂÓ-‰¤¯ÂÙ·È Ó· ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆÈÛÙÔ‡Ó Ì ÚÔÛÊ˘Á‹ Û ÂÓÈ-Û¯˘Ì¤Ó˜ Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜ ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È Ì ÙË ‰È·ÌfiÚʈ-ÛË ¿Ù˘Ô˘ ‰È¢ı˘ÓÙËÚ›Ô˘ ÙˆÓ ªÂÁ¿ÏˆÓ ÛÙ· ı¤-Ì·Ù· Ù˘ Â͈ÙÂÚÈ΋˜ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜ - ÛÙ· ÔÔ›· Ë ∂È-ÙÚÔ‹ ·›˙ÂÈ ‰Â˘ÙÂÚ‡ÔÓÙ· ÚfiÏÔ. ªÈ· ·ÚfiÌÔÈ·ÂͤÏÈÍË ı· ÌÔÚÔ‡Û ӷ ÂÓÈÛ¯‡ÛÂÈ ÙË ‰ÈÂıÓ‹ ı¤ÛËÙ˘ ŒÓˆÛ˘ ·ÏÏ¿ Ù·˘Ùfi¯ÚÔÓ· ı· ÙËÓ ·ÔÌ¿ÎÚ˘-Ó ·fi ÙËÓ ÔÌÔÛÔӉȷ΋ ÚÔÔÙÈ΋ Î·È ı· Û˘-ÓÙËÚÔ‡Û ÙÔ ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·ÙÈÎfi ¤ÏÏÂÈÌÌ·.

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EYPø¶A´KH EKºPA™H ñ Ù. 50 ñ 3O TPIMHNO 2003

√È ªË ∫˘‚ÂÚÓËÙÈΤ˜ √ÚÁ·ÓÒÛÂȘ (ª∫√)Â›Ó·È ÁÂÓÈο ¤Ó· Ê·ÈÓfiÌÂÓÔ Û‡ÓıÂÙÔ,΢ڛˆ˜ ÁÈ·Ù› ÙÔ Ê¿ÛÌ· ÙˆÓ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈÔ-Ù‹ÙˆÓ Ô˘ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ηχ„Ô˘Ó Â›Ó·Èȉȷ›ÙÂÚ· ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ. À¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÛÙȘ ̤Ú˜

Ì·˜ ÂηÙÔÌ̇ÚÈ· ÔÚÁ·ÓÒÛÂȘ Ô˘ ‰ÚÔ˘Ó Û ÙÔÈ-Îfi, ÂıÓÈÎfi ‹ Î·È ˘ÂÚÂıÓÈÎfi Â›Â‰Ô Î·ÙÔ¯˘ÚÒÓÔ-ÓÙ·˜ ·Ó¿ÏÔÁ· Ì ÙËÓ ÚÔÛÊÔÚ¿ ÙÔ˘˜ Î·È Ì›· ı¤ÛËÛÙÔ ÔÏÈÙÈÎfi Î·È ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎfi Û‡ÛÙËÌ·. √È ª∫√ ›ӷȷÓÂÍ¿ÚÙËÙ˜ ÔÚÁ·ÓÒÛÂȘ Î·È Ë ‰Ú¿ÛË ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙËÚ›-˙ÂÙ·È Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ ÛÙËÓ ÂıÂÏÔÓÙÈ΋ ÚÔÛÊÔÚ¿ ·fi ̤ÏËÎ·È ˘ÔÛÙËÚÈÎÙ¤˜, ›Ù Û ¯Ú‹Ì·, ›Ù -ÈÔ Û˘¯Ó¿-Û ¯ÚfiÓÔ ÎÈ ÂÚÁ·Û›·. ª›· ÎÏ·ÛÈ΋ ‰È¿ÎÚÈÛË, Ô˘ fi-̈˜ Î·È ·˘Ù‹ ‰ÂÓ ÂÚÓ¿ÂÈ ·Ó·ÓÙ›ÚÚËÙË, ͯˆÚ›˙ÂÈÙȘ ª∫√ Û ÔÚÁ·ÓÒÛÂȘ Ô˘ ÚÔÛʤÚÔ˘Ó ˘ËÚÂ-ۛ˜ (ÁÈ· ·Ú¿‰ÂÈÁÌ· ÊÈÏ·ÓıÚˆÈÎfi ¤ÚÁÔ) Î·È Û¿ÏϘ Ô˘ ˘ÔÛÙËÚ›˙Ô˘Ó Ì›· ȉ¤·, ¤Ó· Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤-ÓÔ ¤ÚÁÔ Î·È ÛÎÔfi. ™Â οı ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË, ÔÈ ª∫√ ·-

ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ‰Ô̤˜ ‰Ú¿Û˘ Î·È ¤ÎÊÚ·Û˘ ÙˆÓ ÔÏÈ-ÙÒÓ, Ô˘ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ‰ÈÂΉÈÎÔ‡Ó ¤Ó· ÚfiÏÔ ÛÙËӉȷÌfiÚʈÛË ÙˆÓ ·ÔÊ¿ÛÂˆÓ Ô˘ ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÊÔÚÔ‡Ó,ÛÙÔÓ Î·ıÔÚÈÛÌfi Ù˘ ‰È΋˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ˙ˆ‹˜. ∫·Ù¿ ·˘ÙfiÙÔÓ ÙÚfiÔ, Ë ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈÛË ÙˆÓ ª∫√ Î·È ÛÂ Â˘Úˆ·˚ÎfiÂ›Â‰Ô Á›ÓÂÙ·È ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ ·ÈÛıËÙ‹ ÙÒÚ· Ô˘ ¤-Ó· ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi ̤ÚÔ˜ ÙˆÓ ·ÔÊ¿ÛÂˆÓ Ô˘ ÂËÚ¿-˙Ô˘Ó Â˘ı¤ˆ˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ∂˘Úˆ·›Ô˘˜ Ôϛ٘ Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÂ-Ù·È ÛÂ Â˘Úˆ·˚Îfi Î·È fi¯È Û ÂıÓÈÎfi ›‰Ô.

TËÓ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ΢ڛˆ˜ ‰ÂηÂÙ›· ·ÚÎÂÙ¤˜ ª∫√ ¤-‰ˆÛ·Ó ‰˘Ó·ÌÈο ÙÔ ·ÚfiÓ ÛÙ· Â˘Úˆ·˚ο ‰ÚÒÌÂ-Ó·. ∂›Ó·È ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈÎfi fiÙÈ ÔÏϤ˜ ÔÚÁ·ÓÒÛÂȘ‰È·ÙËÚÔ‡Ó Ï¤ÔÓ ÁÚ·ÊÂ›Ô Î·È ÚÔÛˆÈÎfi ÛÙȘ µÚ˘-ͤÏϘ, ÚÔÎÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘ Ó· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ¿ÌÂÛË ÚfiÛ‚·ÛËÛÙËÓ ÂÓË̤ڈÛË Î·È Ó· ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ÂËÚ¿˙Ô˘ÓÈÔ ¤ÁηÈÚ· Î·È ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈο ÙȘ ÂÍÂÏ›ÍÂȘ Ô˘ÙȘ ·ÊÔÚÔ‡Ó. À¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ÌÂÁ¿ÏˆÓ ‰ÈÂ-ıÓÒÓ ª∫√ (.¯. ¢ÈÂıÓ‹˜ ∞ÌÓËÛÙ›·, Greenpeace,

M›· Á¤Ê˘Ú·

ª∏ ∫Àµ∂ƒ¡∏∆π∫∂™ √ƒ°∞¡ø™∂π™:

·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙȘ µÚ˘Í¤ÏÏÂ˜Î·È ÙÔ˘˜ ∂˘Úˆ·›Ô˘˜ Ôϛ٘

ÙÔ˘ ∫ˆÛÙ‹ ÷Ù˙ˉ¿ÎË∂˘Úˆ‚Ô˘ÏÂ˘Ù‹ Ù˘ ¡¢

™Â ÌÈ· ‰ËÌÔÛÎfiËÛË ÛÙÔ˘˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘˜ Ù˘∞ı‹Ó·˜ ·Ó ÚˆÙÔ‡Û·Ì ÙÈ ÁÓˆÚ›˙ÂÈ Ô ÎfiÛÌÔ˜ÁÈ· ÙȘ ªË ∫˘‚ÂÚÓËÙÈΤ˜ √ÚÁ·ÓÒÛÂȘ (ª∫√)Î·È Ôχ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ ·Ó ·Ó‹ÎÂÈ Û ̛· ·fi·˘Ù¤˜, Ôχ ÊÔ‚¿Ì·È fiÙÈ Ù· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù·

‰ÂÓ ı· ‹Ù·Ó ÂÓı·ÚÚ˘ÓÙÈο. ÿÛˆ˜ Ì¿ÏÈÛٷοÔÈÔÈ Ó· Ù·˘Ù›˙Ô˘Ó ÂÓÙÂÏÒ˜ ÂÛÊ·Ï̤ӷÙȘ ÔÚÁ·ÓÒÛÂȘ ·˘Ù¤˜ Ì ٷ ÎÈÓ‹Ì·Ù· Ù˘

“·ÓÙÈ-·ÁÎÔÛÌÈÔÔ›ËÛ˘”, ÏfiÁˆ Ù˘˘ÂÚ‚ÔÏÈ΋˜ ‰ËÌÔÛÈfiÙËÙ·˜ Ô˘ Ù·ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ¤¯Ô˘Ó Ï¿‚ÂÈ! ª›· Ù¤ÙÔÈ·

·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛË fï˜ ‰ÂÓ ‰ÈηÈÒÓÂÈ ÔÏϤ˜ª∫√ Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó Ó· Âȉ›ÍÔ˘Ó ¤ÓÙÔÓˉڿÛË Î·È ·ÍÈfiÏÔÁÔ ¤ÚÁÔ ÛÙÔ Â›Â‰Ô Ô˘ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Ó. £· ‹ıÂÏ· Ó· ÛÙ·ıÒ È‰È·›ÙÂÚ·ÛÙÔ ¿ÚıÚÔ ·˘Ùfi ÛÙȘ Â˘Úˆ·˚Τ˜ ª∫√, ÛÙȘÔÚÁ·ÓÒÛÂȘ Ô˘ ÚÔÛ·ıÔ‡Ó ÌÂ Û˘Ó¤ÂÈ·Î·È ÂÈÌÔÓ‹ ÙËÓ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ΢ڛˆ˜ ‰ÂηÂÙ›·Ó· Û˘Ì‚¿ÏÔ˘Ó Î·ıÔÚÈÛÙÈο ÛÙËÓ Â›Ù¢ÍËÂÓfi˜ ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ˘ ÛÙfi¯Ô˘, ÛÙË ÁÂʇڈÛË ÙÔ˘¯¿ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙȘ µÚ˘Í¤ÏϘ Î·È ÙÔ˘˜∂˘Úˆ·›Ô˘˜ Ôϛ٘.

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EYPø¶A´KH EKºPA™H ñ Ù. 50 ñ 3O TPIMHNO 2003

WWF) Ô˘ ¤Î·Ó·Ó ÙËÓ ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈÛ‹ ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙȘ µÚ˘Í¤Ï-Ϙ Î·È ÂηÙÔÓÙ¿‰Â˜ ·ÎfiÌ· Ô˘ ¤ÊÂÚ·Ó ÙËÓ ¤‰Ú·ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙËÓ Â˘Úˆ·˚΋ ÚˆÙÂ‡Ô˘Û·, Û˘ÓÂȉËÙÔÔÈ-ÒÓÙ·˜ ÙËÓ ·˘Í·ÓfiÌÂÓË ÛËÌ·Û›· Ù˘ ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋˜ŒÓˆÛ˘ Î·È ÙËÓ ·Ó¿ÁÎË Ó· ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔΤÓÙÚÔ Ï‹„˘ ·ÔÊ¿ÛˆÓ. À¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó, Ù¤ÏÔ˜, ηȪ∫√ Ô˘ Û˘ÛÙ¿ıËÎ·Ó Ì ÙË ‚Ô‹ıÂÈ· Î·È ÙËÓ ˘Ô-ÛÙ‹ÚÈÍË Ù˘ ›‰È·˜ Ù˘ ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋˜ ∂ÈÙÚÔ‹˜.

∆· Â˘Úˆ·˚ο ıÂÛÌÈο fiÚÁ·Ó· Âȉ›ˆÍ·Ó ηْ·Ú¯‹Ó ÙËÓ ·ÚÔ˘Û›· Î·È ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ· ÙˆÓ ª∫√ÛÙËÓ Â˘Úˆ·˚΋ ÛÎËÓ‹. ∂›Ó·È ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈÎfi fiÙÈ·fi ÙËÓ ·Ú¯‹ Ù˘ ·ÚÔ˘Û›·˜ ÙÔ˘˜, ˘‹ÚÍ ¤ÓÙÔÓÔ˜ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÓ›Û¯˘ÛË ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È Ù˯ÚËÌ·ÙÔ‰fiÙËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘˜. ∂˘Úˆ·˚ο ÎÔÓ‰‡ÏÈ· ‰Â-Û̇ÙËÎ·Ó ÁÈ· ÙÔ ÛÎÔfi ·˘Ùfi Î·È ˘ÔÏÔÁ›˙ÂÙ·È fiÙÈϤÔÓ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ ·fi 1.000 ÂÎ. ¢ÚÒ Î¿ı ¯Úfi-ÓÔ ÚÔÔÚ›˙ÔÓÙ·È ÁÈ· ÙË ¯ÚËÌ·ÙÔ‰fiÙËÛË Ù˘ ‰Ú¿-Û˘ ÙˆÓ ª∫√. ∞˘Ùfi ‰ÂÓ ¤ÁÈÓÂ Ê˘ÛÈο Ù˘¯·›·. ∂‡-ÎÔÏ· ÌÔÚ› Ó· ‰È·ÈÛÙÒÛÂÈ Î·Ó›˜ ÙÚÂȘ ΢ڛˆ˜ÏfiÁÔ˘˜ Ô˘ ÈÛÙÔÔÈÔ‡Ó ÙÔ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi ÚfiÏÔ Ô˘ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ‰È·‰Ú·Ì·Ù›ÛÔ˘Ó ÔÈ ª∫√ Î·È ÛÂ Â˘Úˆ-·˚Îfi ›‰Ô.

¶ÚÒÙÔÓ, ÔÏϤ˜ ª∫√ ¤¯Ô˘Ó Û˘Ì‚¿ÏÂÈ Î·ıÔÚÈ-ÛÙÈο ÛÙË ÂÓÂÚÁÔÔ›ËÛË ÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÒÓ. ∂›Ó·È ÁÂÁÔ-Ófi˜ fiÙÈ Ì¤Ûˆ ª∫√ οÔÈÔÈ Û˘ÌÔϛ٘ Ì·˜ ·ÔÊ·-Û›˙Ô˘Ó Î¿ı ̤ڷ Ó· ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈÔÔÈËıÔ‡Ó ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ˘-ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈÍË Î¿ÔÈÔ˘ ÛÎÔÔ‡ Î·È Î·Ù·Ê¤ÚÓÔ˘Ó ÌÂÙÔÓ ÙÚfiÔ ·˘ÙfiÓ Ó· ÌÂÙ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÓÂÚÁ¿ ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÈÓˆ-Ó›· fiÔ˘ ˙Ô˘Ó. µÚ›ÛÎÔ˘Ó ¤Ó· ̤ÛÔ Ó· ‰ÈÔ¯ÂÙ‡-ÛÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ÂÓ¤ÚÁÂÈ¿ ÙÔ˘˜, Ó· ·Û¯ÔÏËıÔ‡Ó Ì ٷ ÎÔÈ-Ó¿, Ó· ÂÈÙÂϤÛÔ˘Ó ¤ÚÁÔ ÛÙÔ ‚·ıÌfi Ô˘ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó,Ó· ÂȉÈÒÍÔ˘Ó Î¿ÙÈ Î·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ. °›ÓÔÓÙ·È ÂÓÂÚÁÔ› Ô-ϛ٘. ∫·È Ë ·Ó¿ÁÎË ÁÈ· ÂÓÂÚÁÔ‡˜ Ôϛ٘ Â›Ó·È ÂÈ-Ù·ÎÙÈ΋ ÛÙË ÛËÌÂÚÈÓ‹ ÂÔ¯‹. ∂ÈϤÔÓ, ÔÈ ª∫√ ›-Ó·È Î·È Ë ·¿ÓÙËÛË Û ÂΛÓÔ˘˜ Ô˘ Ù·˘Ù›˙Ô˘Ó ÙËÛ˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹ ÛÙ· ÎÔÈÓ¿ Ì ÙËÓ ÂÓ·Û¯fiÏËÛË Ì ÙËÓÔÏÈÙÈ΋. ¢ÂÓ ·Îԇ̠ۿÓÈ· -Î·È ‰˘ÛÙ˘¯Ò˜ ΢-Ú›ˆ˜ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ Ó¤Ô˘˜- ÙÔ ·Ú¿ÔÓÔ: “ÁÈ·Ù› Ó· „ËÊ›-ÛÔ˘ÌÂ; ÁÈ·Ù› Ó· ·Û¯ÔÏËıԇ̠̠ÙËÓ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋; Ô‡-Ùˆ˜ ‹ ¿Ïψ˜ ‰ÂÓ ÌÔÚԇ̠ӷ ·ÏÏ¿ÍÔ˘Ì ٛÔÙ·”.∏ Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹ ÛÙ· ÎÔÈÓ¿ ̤ۈ ÙˆÓ ª∫√ Â›Ó·È Ì›·‰È¤ÍÔ‰Ô˜. ∏ ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›· Ì·˜ ÔÊ›ÏÂÈ Ó· ÍÂÂÚ¿ÛÂÈÙËÓ ·¿ıÂÈ· Î·È ÙËÓ ·‰È·ÊÔÚ›· Ô˘ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚ›˙Ô˘ÓÙ· ̤ÏË Ù˘.

∞Ó Ë ‰˘ÛÈÛÙ›· ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ Û ÙÔÈÎfi ‹ Â-ıÓÈÎfi Â›Â‰Ô Â›Ó·È ÙfiÛÔ ¤ÓÙÔÓË ÛÙȘ ̤Ú˜ Ì·˜,‡ÎÔÏ· ÌÔÚ› ηÓ›˜ Ó· ·ÓÙÈÏËÊı› fiÙÈ Ë ÂÓÂÚ-ÁÔÔ›ËÛË ÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÒÓ ÁÈ· Ù· Â˘Úˆ·˚ο ‰ÚÒÌÂ-Ó· Â›Ó·È Ôχ ÈÔ ‰‡ÛÎÔÏË ˘fiıÂÛË. √È Ôϛ٘

·ÈÛı¿ÓÔÓÙ·È Ê˘ÛÈο ÙȘ µÚ˘Í¤ÏϘ ˆ˜ οÙÈ ÈÔÌ·ÎÚÈÓfi Î·È ¿ÁÓˆÛÙÔ, Ì›· Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· Ô˘·ÁÁ›˙ÂÈ ÙË ˙ˆ‹ ÙÔ˘˜ Ôχ ÏÈÁfiÙÂÚÔ. ∆Ô ÂӉȷʤ-ÚÔÓ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ∂∂ Â›Ó·È ÂÚÈÔÚÈṲ̂ÓÔ, fiˆ˜ ÂÏÏÈ‹˜Â›Ó·È Î·È Ë ÁÓÒÛË ÁÈ· ÙÔ ›‰ÈÔ ÙÔ Û‡ÛÙËÌ· Î·È ˆ˜·˘Ùfi ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›. √ ·ÁÒÓ·˜ Ô˘ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· οÓÔ˘ÓÔÈ Â˘Úˆ·˚Τ˜ ª∫√ ÁÈ· Ó· ÂÓÂÚÁÔÔÈ‹ÛÔ˘Ó ÙÔ˘˜∂˘Úˆ·›Ô˘˜ Ôϛ٘ Ó· ÂÓËÌÂÚˆıÔ‡Ó ·Ú¯Èο ηÈÓ· ÂӉȷÊÂÚıÔ‡Ó ‰Ú·ÛÙÈο ÛÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ›ӷȉ‡ÛÎÔÏÔ˜. °È’ ·˘Ùfi Î·È Ë ·Í›· Ù˘ ÂÈÙ˘¯›·˜ ›ӷȷÎfiÌ· ÈÔ ÌÂÁ¿ÏË.

¢Â‡ÙÂÚÔÓ, ÔÈ ª∫√, ·Ó ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Ó ÛˆÛÙ¿, ÌÔ-ÚÔ‡Ó Ó· Û˘Ì‚¿ÏÔ˘Ó ÛÙÔ Ó· ÁÂÊ˘Úˆı› ÙÔ ¯¿ÛÌ· ·-Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙȘ µÚ˘Í¤ÏϘ Î·È ÙÔ˘˜ ∂˘Úˆ·›Ô˘˜ ÔÏ›-Ù˜. ª›· ·fi ÙȘ ‚·ÛÈÎfiÙÂÚ˜ ¿ÏψÛÙ ÚÔÎÏ‹ÛÂÈ˜Ô˘ ¤¯ÂÈ ı¤ÛÂÈ Ë ∂∂ Î·È Ì ÙËÓ ‰È·‰Èηۛ· ˘ÈÔı¤ÙË-Û˘ ÙÔ˘ ÚÒÙÔ˘ ∂˘Úˆ·˚ÎÔ‡ ™˘ÓÙ¿ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜ ›ӷÈÓ· ηٷÛÙ› Ë ›‰È· ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·ÙÈ΋, Ó· Â-Í·ÏÂÈÊı› ÙÔ ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·ÙÈÎfi ¤ÏÏÂÈÌÌ· Ô˘ ¤¯ÂÈ ‰˘-ÛÙ˘¯Ò˜ ÛÙÈÁÌ·Ù›ÛÂÈ ÙËÓ ÔÚ›· Ù˘. ∏ ‰È·‰Èηۛ·Ù˘ Â˘Úˆ·˚΋˜ ÂÓÔÔ›ËÛ˘ Ô˘ ¿Ú¯ÈÛ ÂÚÈÛÛfi-ÙÂÚÔ ˆ˜ ¤Ó· ÂÏÈÙ›ÛÙÈÎÔ Û¯¤‰ÈÔ ¯ˆÚ›˜ ÙË Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹ÙˆÓ ·ÏÒÓ ÔÏÈÙÒÓ, ‰Â ı· ÌÔÚÔ‡Û ӷ Û˘Ó¯›ÛÂÈ·’ ¿ÂÈÚÔ Ì ÙÔÓ ›‰ÈÔ ÙÚfiÔ. ∞˘Ùfi ¿ÏψÛÙ ·¤-‰ÂÈÍ·Ó Î·È Ù· “fi¯È” Ô˘ Ë ∂∂ ÂÈÛ¤Ú·Í ÛÙÔ ‰ËÌÔ-„‹ÊÈÛÌ· Ù˘ ¢·Ó›·˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Î‡ÚˆÛË Ù˘ ™˘Óı‹Î˘ÙÔ˘ ª¿·ÛÙÚȯ ‹ ·ÚÁfiÙÂÚ· Ù˘ πÚÏ·Ó‰›·˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ·ڈÛË Ù˘ ™˘Óı‹Î˘ Ù˘ ¡›Î·È·˜. ∏ ¤ÏÏÂÈ„Ë ‰È·-Ê¿ÓÂÈ·˜ Î·È ÚÔÛ‚·ÛÈÌfiÙËÙ·˜ ÛÙËÓ ÚÔÂÙÔÈÌ·Û›·Î·È ¤ÁÎÚÈÛË Ù˘ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜ Ù˘ ∂∂, Ë ¤ÏÏÂÈ„Ë ÂÓfi˜‰ÔÌË̤ÓÔ˘ ‰È·ÏfiÁÔ˘ Ì ÙËÓ ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›· ÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÒÓÛÙ¤ÚËÛ·Ó ·fi ÙȘ µÚ˘Í¤ÏϘ ÛÙË Û˘Ó›‰ËÛË ÔÏ-ÏÒÓ ÙËÓ ·ÍÈÔÈÛÙ›· Ô˘ ÙÔ Û‡ÛÙËÌ· ·˘Ùfi fiÊÂÈÏÂÓ· ¤¯ÂÈ. ∏ ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋ ∂ÈÙÚÔ‹ Ì ÙË §Â˘Î‹ µ›‚ÏÔÁÈ· ÙËÓ ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋ ¢È·Î˘‚¤ÚÓËÛË (πÔ‡ÏÈÔ˜ 2001)·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ÙȘ ÂfiÌÂÓ˜ ·Ó·ÎÔÈÓÒÛÂȘ Ù˘, ˘ÔÛÙË-Ú›˙ÂÈ ÙËÓ ·Ó¿ÁÎË ˘ÈÔı¤ÙËÛ˘ ‰È·‰ÈηÛÈÒÓ ‰È·‚Ô‡-Ï¢Û˘ Ì ÙËÓ ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›· ÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÒÓ Û fiÏ· Ù·ÛÙ¿‰È· Ù˘ ÓÔÌÔıÂÙÈ΋˜ ‰È·‰Èηۛ·˜. ∂ÓÓÔÂ›Ù·È Ê˘-ÛÈο, Û˘ÌÏËÚÒÓÔÓÙ·˜ Î·È ‚ÔËıÒÓÙ·˜ Î·È fi¯È Ê˘-ÛÈο ˘ÔηıÈÛÙÒÓÙ·˜ Ù· ÓÔÌÔıÂÙÈο fiÚÁ·Ó· Ù˘∂∂, ÙÔ ™˘Ì‚Ô‡ÏÈÔ ÀÔ˘ÚÁÒÓ Î·È ÙÔ ∂˘Úˆ·˚Îfi∫ÔÈÓÔ‚Ô‡ÏÈÔ. √È ª∫√ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ·Ú¤¯Ô˘Ó ÛÙÔÓ∂˘Úˆ·›Ô ÔÏ›ÙË ÙË ‰›Ô‰Ô ÚÔ˜ ÙȘ µÚ˘Í¤ÏϘ ηÈÙ· fiÚÁ·Ó· Ï‹„˘ ·ÔÊ¿ÛˆÓ. ∞ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ÙȘ ‰Ô-̤˜ ÛÙȘ Ôԛ˜ ı· ÛÙËÚȯÙ› οı ÔÚÁ·ÓˆÌ¤ÓÔ˜‰È¿ÏÔÁÔ˜ Ì ÙËÓ ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›· ÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÒÓ ÙÒÚ· ηÈ΢ڛˆ˜ ÛÙÔ Ì¤ÏÏÔÓ. ∞‰È·ÌÊÈÛ‚‹ÙËÙ· ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi˜Î·È ¿ÏÈ Ô ÚfiÏÔ˜ Ô˘ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ‰ÈÂΉÈ΋ÛÔ˘Ó Î·È

Page 34: European Expression - Issue 50

32 ª ∫ √

EYPø¶A´KH EKºPA™H ñ Ù. 50 ñ 3O TPIMHNO 2003

Û ÔÏϤ˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ‹‰Ë ηÏÔ‡ÓÙ·È Ó· ·›ÍÔ˘ÓÔÈ ÔÚÁ·ÓÒÛÂȘ ·˘Ù¤˜.

∆Ú›ÙÔÓ, Û fiÏË ÙËÓ ÔÚ›· Ù˘ Ë ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋ ∂È-ÙÚÔ‹ ›¯Â ·Ó¿ÁÎË ·fi ÂÙ·›ÚÔ˘˜ Ô˘ ı· ÌÔÚÔ‡-Û·Ó Ó· ÙËÓ ÂÓËÌÂÚÒÛÔ˘Ó ÁÈ· ÙȘ ·Ó¿ÁΘ Ô˘ ˘-¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó Û ÂÈ̤ÚÔ˘˜ ÙÔÌ›˜, Ô˘ Ë ›‰È· ‰ÂÓ ‹Ù·Ó·Ó·ÁηÛÙÈο Û ı¤ÛË Ó· ÁÓˆÚ›˙ÂÈ. ∏ ∂ÈÙÚÔ‹ ÌÂÙÔ ‰Èη›ˆÌ· ÚˆÙÔ‚Ô˘Ï›·˜ Ô˘ ¤¯ÂÈ ÛÙË ÓÔÌÔıÂÙÈ-΋ ‰È·‰Èηۛ· ¯ÚÂÈ¿˙ÂÙ·È ÂÓË̤ڈÛË ·fi ·ÓÂÍ¿Ú-ÙËÙÔ˘˜ ÊÔÚ›˜ Ô˘ ı· ÌÔÚÔ‡Û·Ó ¤ÙÛÈ Ó· ‰È¢ÎÔ-χÓÔ˘Ó ÙÔ ¤ÚÁÔ Ù˘. À‹ÚÍ·Ó ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ Ô˘ Ë∂ÈÙÚÔ‹ ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈÍ ÂÓÂÚÁ¿ ÙË ‰Ú¿ÛË ª∫√ Ô˘ı· ÌÔÚÔ‡Û ÛÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· Ó· ·ÍÈÔÔÈ‹ÛÂÈ ÛÙË ‰È·-ÌfiÚʈÛË Ù˘ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜ Ù˘. ŒÓ· Ù¤ÙÔÈÔ ·Ú¿‰ÂÈÁ-Ì· ·ÔÙÂÏ› Ë ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ ÓÂÔÏ·›·˜ Ù˘ ∂∂, Ô˘ ‰Â ı·ÌÔÚÔ‡Û ӷ ÂÍÂÏȯı› ¯ˆÚ›˜ ÙËÓ ÂÓÂÚÁ‹ Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ-¯‹ ÙˆÓ Ó¤ˆÓ ·ÓıÚÒˆÓ. ¶·Ú¿ÏÏËÏ·, ÔÈ ∂˘Úˆ·˚-΋ ∂ÈÙÚÔ‹ ¯ÚËÌ·ÙÔ‰ÔÙ› ª∫√ Î·È ÂÎÙfi˜ ∂∂, Û¯ÒÚ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÙÚ›ÙÔ˘ ÎfiÛÌÔ˘ ÁÈ· ·Ú¿‰ÂÈÁÌ·, ÔÈ ÔÔ›-˜ Î·È Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙË ™˘Ìʈӛ· ÙÔ˘ ∫ÔÙÔÓÔ‡ ÌÔ-ÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ‰Ú¿ÛÔ˘Ó ˘fi ÚÔ¸Ôı¤ÛÂȘ ˆ˜ ÊÔÚ›˜ÛÙËÓ ·Ó·Ù˘Íȷ΋ ·˘Ù‹ ‰È·‰Èηۛ· Î·È Û˘¯Ó¿ ÚÔ-ÙÈÌÔ‡ÓÙ·È ·fi ÙËÓ ∂ÈÙÚÔ‹ ÁÈ· ·˘ÙÔÓfiËÙÔ˘˜ Ïfi-ÁÔ˘˜.

°È· ÙÔ˘˜ ÏfiÁÔ˘˜ ·˘ÙÔ‡˜ ‰Â ı· ÌÔÚÔ‡Û ӷ ·-Ú·ÁÓˆÚ›ÛÂÈ Î·Ó›˜ ÙË ÛËÌ·Û›· Ô˘ ¤¯ÂÈ Ë ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈÛËÎ·È ‰Ú¿ÛË ÙˆÓ ª∫√ ÛÂ Â˘Úˆ·˚Îfi ›‰Ô. ∏ ∂∂¤¯ÂÈ ˘Ô¯Ú¤ˆÛË fi¯È ÌfiÓÔ Ó· ÛÙËÚ›˙ÂÈ ÙË ‰Ú¿ÛËÙˆÓ ·ÍÈfiÈÛÙˆÓ ª∫√, ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È Ó· οÓÂÈ Ú¿ÍË ÙÔÓÔÚÁ·ÓˆÌ¤ÓÔ ‰È¿ÏÔÁÔ Ì ÙËÓ ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›· ÙˆÓ ÔÏÈ-ÙÒÓ, ÙÔÓ ÔÔ›Ô Ë ∂ÈÙÚÔ‹ ¶ÚfiÓÙÈ ÙÔ˘Ï¿¯ÈÛÙÔÓ ¤-¯ÂÈ Ì ÙfiÛÔ ¿ıÔ˜ ÂÍ·ÁÁ›ÏÂÈ. ŸÙ·Ó ÂÍ¿ÏÏÔ˘ ÌÂÙËÓ ¢È·Î‹Ú˘ÍË ÙÔ˘ §¿·ÎÂÓ ÙÔ 2001 Ë ∂∂ ¤ıÂÙ ˆ˜ÚÔÙÂÚ·ÈfiÙËÙ¿ Ù˘ ÙËÓ ÂÍ·ÛÊ¿ÏÈÛË Ù˘ Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ-¯‹˜ ÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÒÓ ÛÙ· Â˘Úˆ·˚ο ‰ÚÒÌÂÓ·, Û›ÁÔ˘-Ú· ·ÓÙÈÏ·Ì‚·ÓfiÙ·Ó ÙȘ ª∫√ ˆ˜ ÙÔ ‚·ÛÈÎfi ̤ÛÔÔ˘ ‰È·ı¤ÙÂÈ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Â›Ù¢ÍË ÙÔ˘ ÛÙfi¯Ô˘ ·˘ÙÔ‡.

¶Ú¿ÁÌ·ÙÈ, Ë Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹ ÙˆÓ ª∫√ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈÛÈÁ¿ ÛÈÁ¿ ıÂÛÌÔıÂÙ›ٷÈ, Û›ÁÔ˘Ú· Û οÔÈÔ˘˜ ÙÔ-Ì›˜ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ ·fi ¿ÏÏÔ˘˜. ∏ ‰È·‰Èηۛ· Ô˘ ·-ÎÔÏÔ˘ı‹ıËΠÁÈ· ÙË ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›· ÙÔ˘ ÿÚÙË ÙˆÓ £Â-ÌÂÏȈ‰ÒÓ ¢ÈÎ·ÈˆÌ¿ÙˆÓ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ¤Ó· ÛˆÛÙfi ‚‹Ì·ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ Î·Ù‡ı˘ÓÛË ·˘Ù‹, fiˆ˜ ¿ÏψÛÙÂ Î·È ÈÔÚfiÛÊ·Ù· Ë ™˘Ó¤Ï¢ÛË ÁÈ· ÙÔ ª¤ÏÏÔÓ Ù˘ ∂˘ÚÒ-˘. √ ∞ÓÙÈÚfi‰ÚÔ˜ Ù˘ ™˘Ó¤Ï¢Û˘ Î. ¡ÙÂ¿Ó Â›-¯Â ˆÌÈÛÙ› ÙÔÓ Í¯ˆÚÈÛÙfi ÚfiÏÔ Ù˘ Û‡Ó‰ÂÛ˘ ÎÈÂÈÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜ Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ∂˘Úˆ·›Ô˘˜ Ôϛ٘. √Ȫ∫√ ÂÈۋ̈˜ Û¯ËÌ¿ÙÈÛ·Ó ÙËÓ ÔÌ¿‰· ·ʋ˜ ÌÂÙËÓ ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›· ÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÒÓ Î·È Û˘ÌÌÂÙ›¯·Ó Ì ÙȘ

‰ÈΤ˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ÂÈÛËÁ‹ÛÂȘ Û ·˘Ù‹Ó ÙËÓ ‰È·‰Èηۛ·.™ÙȘ Û˘Óı‹Î˜ Ù˘ ∂∂ ‰ÂÓ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Û·Ê‹˜ ÓÔÌÈ΋‚¿ÛË Ô˘ Ó· ηÙÔ¯˘ÚÒÓÂÈ ÙÔ ‰È¿ÏÔÁÔ Ì ÙËÓ ÎÔÈ-ÓˆÓ›· ÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÒÓ, ÂÎÙfi˜ ·fi ÙÔÓ ÙÔ̤· Ù˘ ÎÔÈ-ÓˆÓÈ΋˜ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜. À¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó fï˜ ·Ú·‰Â›ÁÌ·Ù·Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ Ô˘ Ì·˜ οÓÔ˘Ó ·ÈÛÈfi‰ÔÍÔ˘˜ Î·È ÁÈ·ÙË ÌÂÏÏÔÓÙÈ΋ ÂͤÏÈÍË Ù˘ Û¯¤Û˘ ·˘Ù‹˜.

¢Â ı· ÌÔÚÔ‡Û ‚¤‚·È· Ó· ÌË Á›ÓÂÈ ·Ó·ÊÔÚ¿ ηÈÛÙËÓ ÙÂÚ¿ÛÙÈ· ¢ı‡ÓË ÙˆÓ ›‰ÈˆÓ ÙˆÓ ª∫√. ¶ÔÏÏÔ›Â›Ó·È ·˘ÙÔ› Ô˘ ·Â˘ı‡ÓÔ˘Ó ‰ÚÈÌ›· ÎÚÈÙÈ΋ ÛÙȘÔÚÁ·ÓÒÛÂȘ ·˘Ù¤˜, ›Ù ÁÈ· ÏfiÁÔ˘˜ ¤ÏÏÂȄ˘ ‰È·-Ê¿ÓÂÈ·˜ ÛÙË ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ¿ ÙÔ˘˜ ›Ù ÁÈ·Ù› ‰ÂÓ Â›-Ó·È ÙfiÛÔ ·ÓÙÈÚÔÛˆÂ˘ÙÈΤ˜ fiÛÔ ı¤ÏÔ˘Ó Ó· ÂÌÊ·-Ó›˙ÔÓÙ·È Î·È Û ÙÂÏÈ΋ ·Ó¿Ï˘ÛË ‰ÂÓ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È Ó· ›-Ó·È ˘fiÏÔÁÔÈ Û ηӤӷÓ. πÛ¯˘Ú›˙ÔÓÙ·È ·ÎfiÌ· fiÙȉÂÓ Â›Ó·È È‰È·›ÙÂÚ· ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·ÙÈΤ˜ ÛÙËÓ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈ΋ÙÔ˘˜ ÔÚÁ¿ÓˆÛË, Ô˘ Â›Ó·È Û˘¯Ó¿ Ôχ ·‰‡Ó·ÌË, Â-ÓÒ Â›Ó·È “ÎÏÂÈÛÙ¤˜” ÛÙËÓ ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛË Ó¤ˆÓ ÌÂÏÒÓ.√È ª∫√ ‚¤‚·È· ‰ÂÓ Î·ÏÔ‡ÓÙ·È Ó· ˘ÔηٷÛÙ‹ÛÔ˘ÓÂÎÏÂÁ̤ӷ Î·È ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·ÙÈο fiÚÁ·Ó·, fiˆ˜ ÙÔ ∫ÔÈ-ÓÔ‚Ô‡ÏÈÔ. ∫¿ÙÈ Ù¤ÙÔÈÔ Ú¿ÁÌ·ÙÈ ı· ÛÙÂÚÔ‡ÓÙ·Ó ·-fi ÔÔÈ·‰‹ÔÙ ÓÔÌÈÌfiÙËÙ·. ∏ ‚·ÛÈ΋ ¤ÎÊÚ·ÛËÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÒÓ ‰ÂÓ ÌÔÚ› ·Ú¿ Ó· Á›ÓÂÙ·È Ì¤Ûˆ ÙˆÓÂÎÏÂÁÌ¤ÓˆÓ ÂÎÚÔÛÒˆÓ ÙÔ˘˜. ∏ ÛÎÔÈÌfiÙËÙ·Ù˘ ‰Ú¿Û˘ ÙˆÓ ª∫√ Â›Ó·È ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈ΋, fiˆ˜ ‹‰Ë·Ó·Ï‡ıËÎÂ. √È ª∫√ ¤¯Ô˘Ó fï˜ ¢ı‡ÓË Ó· οÓÔ˘ÓÔÈ ›‰È˜ ÚÒÙ· Ú¿ÍË ÙȘ ·Í›Â˜ Ô˘ ÚÂÛ‚Â‡Ô˘Ó. ∏¢·ÈÛıËÛ›· Û ı¤Ì·Ù· ‰È·Ê¿ÓÂÈ·˜, ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·ÙÈÎfiÙË-Ù·˜ Î·È ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ Â›Ó·È ÛÙȘ ÂÚÈÙÒ-ÛÂȘ ·˘Ù¤˜ Ôχ ÈÔ ¤ÓÙÔÓË.

∏ ¯ÒÚ· Ì·˜ ‰˘ÛÙ˘¯Ò˜, ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ ·fi ¿ÏϘ,‰Â ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙË ‰È¿ıÂÛË ·Ó·ÁÓÒÚÈÛ˘ ηȷԉԯ‹˜ ÙˆÓ ª∫√. ∞˘Ù‹ Ë ÌÔÚÊ‹ Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹˜ ÛÙ·ÎÔÈÓ¿, ıˆÚÒ fiÙÈ Â›Ó·È Ì¿ÏÏÔÓ ·Ú·ÁÓˆÚÈṲ̂ÓË ‹Î·È ¿ÁÓˆÛÙË ·ÎfiÌ· ÛÙËÓ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·. Ÿ¯È Ê˘ÛÈο fiÙȉÂÓ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ‹ ‰ÂÓ ·Ó·Ù‡ÛÛÔÓÙ·È ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ÛË-Ì·ÓÙÈο ÔÈ ÔÚÁ·ÓÒÛÂȘ ·˘Ù¤˜. øÛÙfiÛÔ, Ì ÙË ‰Ú¿ÛËÙÔ˘˜ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ¯Ú¤Ô˜ Ó· ÚÔÛÂÏÎ‡Ô˘Ó ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ˘˜Ôϛ٘ ÛÙȘ Ù¿ÍÂȘ ÙÔ˘˜. ∫·È ı· ÙÔ Î·Ù·Ê¤ÚÔ˘Ó ·ÓÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ‹ÛÔ˘Ó ¤Í˘Ó· Î·È ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈο.

¶ÔÏϤ˜ ÊÔÚ¤˜ Ë ÎÚÈÙÈ΋ ÙˆÓ ª∫√ ·¤Ó·ÓÙÈÛÙÔ˘˜ ÔÏÈÙÈÎÔ‡˜ -ȉ›ˆ˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ŒÏÏËÓ˜- Â›Ó·È ‰›-ηÈË. ŸÙ·Ó fï˜ οÓÂȘ ÎÚÈÙÈ΋, ·Ó ı¤ÏÂȘ Ó· ›۷ȷÍÈfiÈÛÙÔ˜, ˘Ô¯ÚÂÔ‡Û·È ÂÛ‡ Ô ›‰ÈÔ˜ Ó· ÏÂÈÙÔ˘Ú-Á›˜ Ì ÙÚfiÔ ·ÍÈfiÈÛÙÔ Î·È Û˘ÛÙËÌ·ÙÈÎfi. ∫·È ·˘-Ùfi˜ Ô ÙÚfiÔ˜ ‰Ú¿Û˘ Â›Ó·È ÌÔÓfi‰ÚÔÌÔ˜ ÁÈ· ÙȘ ÂÏ-ÏËÓÈΤ˜ ª∫√. °È·Ù› ÙÔ ÂÏÏËÓÈÎfi ÔÏÈÙÈÎfi Û‡ÛÙËÌ·Î·È Ë ÂÏÏËÓÈ΋ ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›· ÁÂÓÈÎfiÙÂÚ· ÙÔ˘˜ ¯ÚÂÈ¿˙Ô-ÓÙ·È.

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«πt could be certainlypredicted that agreater participationof women in politicswould lead to a less

violent world. Athena, the Greekgoddess of wisdom and war, mayhave been the female model inancient times, however, in thecontemporary world, female influ-ence is definitely catalytic againstmilitarism and for peace”, profes-sor Francis Fukuyama advocatedin his article titled “If women ruledthe world».

At a time when violence pre-vails around the world, I stronglybelieve that our continent, andworld as a whole, would be a bet-ter place to live, if more womenwere to be involved in politics;there are indications that womendecision-makers, if present in suf-ficient numbers, differ from theirmale colleagues in the prioritiesthey set in their work and their ap-proach towards certain issues. In

this difficult time, where importantquestions beg for an answer andmajor changes need to take place,the issue at stake is what needsto be done in order to create abetter world and what sharewomen deserve to be given in thisattempt.

ADVANTAGES OF WOMEN’SPARTICIPATION IN DECI-SION-MAKING

ñ Women as agents of peaceWhile acknowledging the dan-

gers in generalising, I do believethat women, generally, bring a dif-ferent perspective from men. Veryoften, especially when lookingaround and seeing all this vio-lence and war situations that dom-inate the world scene, I wonderwhat our world would be like if aconsiderable number of womenwere in power over the last cen-turies and political culture wastherefore infused with their val-

ues. I strongly believe that ourworld would be more humane, hu-man relations would be appreciat-ed on a different ground whereasviolence wouldn’t be necessarilythe way to solve differences be-tween people and nations.

ñ A balanced sharing of pow-er and responsibilities for a bal-ance in economic, social, cultur-al and political life

The under-representation ofwomen in decision-making cer-tainly constitutes a loss for societyas a whole because it does not al-low the interests and needs of thewhole population to be catered forin full. That is why the EuropeanNetwork “Women in Decision-making” was set up in 1992 in or-der to elaborate ways and meansto bridge the gap between menand women in representative po-litical bodies. According to itsanalyses, women’s under-repre-sentation results in a serious lossof talent and expertise and a fail-

by ∞nna KaramanouMember of the European ParliamentChairperson of the Committee on Women’s Rights and Equal Opportunities

Challenges facing womenin european politics

EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT

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ure to engage with women’s par-ticular concerns. Democracy willacquire a true and dynamic sensewhen women and men togetherdefine the values they wish to up-hold in their political, economic,social and cultural life and togethertake the relevant decisions.Women’s absence from politicalcentres has negative impact upondevelopment, due to lack of utiliza-tion of precious human resources.A balanced sharing of power andresponsibilities between men andwomen will enrich political culture,will improve the quality of life of thewhole population in Europe, andwill bring a new balance in theworld in general.

ñ More women in power for astronger political agenda on so-cial issues related to quality oflife

Women have proved to bemore sensitive to social issues,more imaginative and less techno-cratic. Wherever women partici-pate in public affairs, they put for-ward issues which are very oftenneglected from the male politicalagenda altogether; It is estimatedthat if politics adopted women’svalues, there would be more so-cial solidarity among people andnations, there would be no warsand conflicts due to religious fa-natism and extreme nationalism;additionally, there would be moreawareness about social issues re-lated to quality of life such as pro-tection of the environment, socialpolicy and welfare, health care, e-ducation and combating of drug-use and human trafficking.

EUROPEAN DEVELOP-MENTS

ñ Council Recommendation

for a gender balance in deci-sion-making process

The main legal instrument inthe EU for a balanced participa-tion of women and men in the de-cision-making process is theCouncil Recommendation96/694 of 2 December 1996 con-cerning the necessity of establish-ing an integrated action to fightunequal gender representation inthe EU institutions and in everydecision-making body and the in-vitation to establish an integratedand specific European strategyand a common approach toachieve such a result.

As far as progress made byMember States is concerned, theEuropean Commission has es-tablished a report on 2000 on thesituation in respect to the four pri-orities laid down in the Recom-mendation, which briefly, are:

- Adoption of a comprehensiveintegrated strategy to promote agender balanced participation indecision-making,

- Mobilising all the actors in e-conomic and social life to achieveequal opportunities,

- Collection and publication ofstatistics on gender representa-tion on decision-making,

- Promotion of a gender bal-ance at all levels, in all areas.

The overall picture providedcan only be considered as a start-ing point. In fact, not all MemberStates have been keen enough toprovide information on the differ-ent priorities, which, in their turn,are not sufficiently precise forMember States to adopt a com-mon set of measures. The fourpriorities need to be made moreprecise and compulsory with pre-cise deadlines to be met. It is onlythrough precise deadlines and

benchmarks that it will be possibleto identify Member States, whichhave not compelled to their obliga-tions, to register global progressand to advance in gender balance.

As a conclusion, on the basis ofthe information supplied, theCouncil Recommendation hasbeen partly implemented by theMember States; further effortsmust be done towards a morecomprehensive integrated strate-gy which still does not exist.

ñ The Women’s Rights Com-mittee Contribution

The Committee on Women’sRights and Equal Opportunitiesof the European Parliament, thatI have the honour to chair, isspecifically concerned as regardsthe little emphasis placed by mostMember States on the incorpora-tion of a gender perspective in thepolitical decision making.

ñ Towards the European Elec-tions, in June 2004

This year, in advance of theelections to the European Parlia-ment 2004, my Committee as wellas Commission have put the spot-light on women in decision-mak-ing and have concentrated its2003 funding activities on the pro-motion of gender balance in deci-sion-making, both in political andin economic life.

The Women’s Committee hasdrawn up reports on the issue ofwomen’s representation in deci-sion-making. In a resolutionadopted in Plenary in the end of2000, based on a report draftedby me, the promotion of women indecision-making is considered inthe light of the implementation ofthe Council Regulation of 1996 onthe same subject. In September2002, our committee adopted u-nanimously an own-initiative re-

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port by Miet SMET (EPP-ED) onthe representation of women inthe social partners of the Euro-pean Union. The report, whichwas adopted by Plenary in Sep-tember 2002, calls for strategiesto boost the role of women andencourage the social partners todevise affirmative action pro-grammes and to draw up targets,with deadlines, to increase therepresentation of women both intheir internal organisations and inthe collective bargaining processand as such in decision making.

In view of the European elec-tions in 2004, a Public Hearing“Elections 2004: How to ensurebalanced representation ofwomen and men” was held inJune 2003 (Lone DYBKJAER,ELDR,) Rapporteur. Experts high-lighted the need for a strategy en-suring gender balance on elec-toral lists and developing aware-ness-raising campaigns aiming atthe advantages of parity democra-cy. An initiative report on the samesubject is under elaboration,which will highlight the need forpositive action measures, aware-ness raising and information cam-paigns, the specific needs in theAccession Countries and the pos-sibility of legislative action and in-creasing the pool of women candi-dates. The report is scheduled foradoption in the Committee in Oc-tober 2003.

ñ The new ConstitutionalTreaty - Gender Equality, a valueof the European Union

The European Convention is agood illustration to assess the pre-sent situation on the weak repre-sentation of women in the politicalforums. “Building a democraticEurope – Women’s Convention”was the theme of two public hear-

ings we have had in our commit-tee on 22 May and on 2 October2002, along with two conferencesof the Network of ParliamentaryCommittees for Equal Opportuni-ties of the EU, in CopenhagenNov. 2002 and in Athens March2003.

The discussions were very con-traceptive and useful, and partici-pants shared a number of com-mon aims and conclusions. Inclose contact and support fromParliamentarians in the EU andCandidate Countries, somewomen Members of the Conven-tion, NGOs and the civil society,we have put forward a number ofrequests in order that thewomen’s voices would be heard inthe work of the Convention.

In the beginning of September2003, our Committee has given itsinput (Lone DYBKJAER, ELDR,)to the Parliament report on thedraft Constitution and opinion onthe convocation of the Intergov-ernmental Conference IGC. TheCommittee emphasises that theConvention has completed its taskand that gender equality is an in-tegral part of the draft Constitu-tional Treaty that the principle ofgender mainstreaming is rightlyplaced as an horizontal article III-1and that the fight against all formsof discrimination, including sex-based discrimination, is also right-ly inserted as an horizontal articleIII-1a; Welcomes that equality ispart of the European Union’s val-ues but emphasises that the gen-der composition of the Conventionhas been completely unaccept-able: 17% women in a body of 105members is far from enough toensure a gender balance. Like-wise, the composition of the Pre-sidium consisting of 12 men and

one woman was utterly unaccept-able. It also regrets that gender e-quality and the fight against allforms of gender discriminationhas not been inserted as a sharedcompetence of the EU in the DraftTreaty on the European Constitu-tion and also that the Conventiondid not incorporate an article inthe institutional chapter requiringa balanced representation ofwomen and men in EU institu-tions. Although each Member S-tate shall present three candi-dates for the post of Commission-er, in which both genders have tobe represented, there is still along way to go. Our Committee al-so regrets that no legal basis hasbeen approved to combat allforms of violence against womenand children.

Parity in political life remains anissue at both Member State andEuropean level. Despite the factthat in some Member Statesthere is a trend towards the intro-duction of legislation on parity, theresults of recent national electionshave left mixed feelings i.e. inFrance the law on parity had noimpact on balancing gender repre-sentation, in Portugal a slight im-provement etc.

CHALLENGES TO WOMEN’SPARTICIPATION

ñ Fundamental equality hasnot been achieved yet

European women should con-sider themselves rather fortunatefor living in this place of the world,where major developments havetaken place over the last decadesin connection with democraticrights and gender equality. Thereis no doubt that a great deal hasbeen achieved so far within a very

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short time, which can allow us alittle celebration. However, funda-mental equality has not beenachieved yet, since we are stillpoorer and with less power thanmen. Although growing numbersof women have attained high polit-ical office, a breakthrough is still along way off. There remains a ten-dency still dominant, but not uni-versal and slowly changing, forwomen to be given portfolios con-sidered to be within women’srealm - health, social security,etc.The proportion of women inthe national parliaments of the EUvaries considerably, from 9% inGreece to 47% in Sweden, whilethe average percentage of womenin national Parliaments is of22.5% and of 24.5% in Govern-ments. The European Parliamentis in the forefront with 31%women members, and it is inter-esting to note that the proportionof women in each political groupvaries greatly, the highest being inthe Parliamentary Group of theParty of the European Socialists(PES), which consist of 37%women and 42% of the Bureaumembers.

It is worthwhile mentioning theconsiderable progress made inthe 1990’s by the European U-nion. From 1991 to 1999 the num-ber of women increased from 19%to 31% in the European Parlia-ment, from 10% to 25% in the Eu-ropean Commission, which todaycounts five women Commission-ers, and from 11% to 23% in theMember States governments.

ñ A critical mass of women indecision making is urgentlyneeded

The increasing numbers ofwomen within Parliament and par-ticularly within the ranks of the

government is to be welcomed.However, these figures should byno means reassure us. A vital is-sue is not only to increase thenumbers of women in power, butto ensure that those numbersreach a critical mass sufficient toensure that a range of women’svoices and experiences is heard.Moreover, achieving greater num-bers alone is not sufficient, it is al-so necessary for a significantnumber of women to be in posi-tions where they are able to maketheir views heard and have signifi-cant input. It is more difficult forwomen in relatively junior posi-tions of power to challenge domi-nant views.

ñ Strong and inspirationalwomen to demand their voicesto be heard

Women who achieve positionswithin decision making processesare so outnumbered that it is oftenpolitically very difficult for them totake a strong stand on particularissues, especially if that standplaces them in opposition to theircolleagues. There are many re-markable, strong, and inspira-tional women who were able todemand that their voices beheard, but there are also many e-qually impressive women who aresimply overriden by the dominantdiscourse carried out by their malecolleagues.

ñ Support networks can play avital role

It is also often the case that toachieve positions of power womenmust outperform their male col-leagues, often adopting the domi-nant positions. My view is that forthis situation to change, multi-pronged strategies are necessary.Education for girls and the posi-tion of women within society are

fundamental, but we cannot waituntil equal access to education forgirls has been achieved in everycountry on the planet. This iswhere support networks - both in-formal and formal - can play a vitalrole. Yet it is important for suchnetworks to move beyond estab-lished political parties into thecommunity. The involvement ofwomen in local level politics is alsovery important, providing an im-portant end in itself and also pro-viding a training ground forwomen who move into nationallevel politics.

ñ A fair share of family re-sponsibilities and unpaid work

The nature of the political sys-tem and the expectations of theways in which parliamentarianswork needs to be challenged. Anissue that I would like to take thisopportunity to raise relates to thepreconceptions, and to some ex-tent practical barriers, that contin-ue to prevent women from achiev-ing positions of power.While theargument that women are toobusy within the family to engagein the “public sphere” is too oftenused to excuse the exclusion ofwomen’s involvement in the for-mal political processes. As theycurrently operate in the vast ma-jority of countries it is often ex-tremely difficult - if not impossible- for many women with familycommitments to become involved.Sharing experience of how theseprocesses can be reformed is vi-tal.

CONCLUSIONS

ñ Great strides forward havebeen made; yet still we have toÔfar to go

We have come a long way and

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great strides forward have beenmade. The European Unionframework and perspective cer-tainly helped and was vital in fo-cusing attention on the issue. Yetwe still have far to go. I havefound, however, that networks be-tween women - sharing ideas, ex-periences - is vitally important.The women have a great deal toshare their experience and learnfrom others about the participationand exclusion of women in deci-sion making processes. Weshould not assume that gendernecessarily provides a commonpolitical basis, but achievinggreater gender equity will benefitall women and men.

ñ Gender equality high on theagenda of IGC

We very much hope that genderequality will be placed high on theagenda during the IGC, otherwisewomen in all Member States arelikely to look upon the result verysceptically. The draft Constitution-al Treaty should not weaken theEU acquis on gender equality andit is very positive that is written in agender neutral language. Howev-er, a European ConstitutionalTreaty, even with well-integratedgender equality provisions, is notsufficient to achieve gender equali-ty. The Constitutional Treaty, alongwith other gender equality provi-sions, needs to be applied and be-come a reality in daily life.

ñ True equality means paritydemocracy

Politics for women can only beachieved with women and solelywith sufficient numbers of women.True equality means parity. Thismeans much more than merelyoccupying half of the seats in Par-liament; it means equal participa-

tion of women at leadership levelsof economy, of education, in ad-ministration and in the media, inthe trade unions, in the highestcourts and so on.

However, our main aim shouldprimarily concentrate on develop-ing comprehensive binding legis-lation measures with specificobligations and clear targetswhich are essential to meet com-mon standards in all Member s-tates.

ñ Our vision for the 21st cen-tury. A new political culture

We, European women, havethe capacity to offer a message tothe majority of citizens, and weclaim that ultimately, we are in pol-itics in order that people may livea bit better, have equality of op-portunity and a sense of justice.

Under the circumstances, I feelthat we are entitled to a women’svision for the politics of the 21stcentury: a vision for the world as awhole, according to which, by ac-quiring more political power, wewill help construct a societal andpolitical architecture where allpeople will be equally and fairlyembraced. We want to create aEurope where human rights willbe fully respected, where inequali-ties and discriminations based onreligion, ethnic origin, gender andrace are absent from every coun-try, where poverty and all forms ofviolence are eliminated, where themassive resources used in actionsof destruction are diverted to re-lieve the poor, promote education,improve health and housing con-ditions, protect environment, bothhuman and physical, bring securi-ty, trust, love and prosperity inpeople’s life.

Women, as a whole, are histori-cally associated with non-vio-

lence; their value-system is asso-ciated with dialogue, compromise,reconciliation and settling-up of d-ifferences by peaceful means.This value-system can hopefullyprovide an alternative to the cur-rent culture of violence, whilst atthe same time it can help the de-velopment of a new political cul-ture, that of peace, co-operationand respect for differences.

Bibliography

1. Anna Karamanou - Committee onWomen’s Rights and Equal Opportu-nities “Implementation of CouncilRecommendation 96/694 of 2nd De-cember 1996 on the balanced partici-pation of women and men in the de-cision-making process “, EuropeanParliament 18.01.2001

2. Lone Dybkj_r - Committee onWomen’s Rights and Equal Opportu-nities “On Draft Treaty on the Euro-pean Constitution and EP opinion onthe convocation of the Intergovern-mental Conference IGC” 01.09.2003

3. Lone Dybkj_r - Committee onWomen’s Rights and Equal Opportu-nities “On Election 2004: how to en-sure a balanced participation ofwomen and men” Draft Report Euro-pean Parliament

4. Council Recommendation 96/694 of 2December 1996, OJ L 319 10.12.96p.11

5. The European Database - Women inDecision-Making (http://www.db-de-cision.de/english/)

6. Network of Parliamentary Commit-tees for Equal Opportunities forWomen and Men in the European U-nion (http://www.europarl.ep.ec/com-parl/femm/ccec/default_en.htm)

7. Differential Impact of Electoral Sys-tems on Female Political Represen-tation, Directorate-General for Re-search Working document Women’sRights Series W-10, March 1997 Eu-ropean Parliament

8. “Women in Decision making roles-promoting the contribution of womento public life” -Chief Executives Fo-rum and the Centre for the Advance-ment of Women in Politics, ArmaghIreland 08.11.2002

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™ÙÔ Î›ÌÂÓÔ ÙÔ˘ ™¯Â‰›Ô˘™˘ÓÙ·ÁÌ·ÙÈ΋˜ ™˘Óı‹-΢, Ë ·Ó·ÊÔÚ¿ ÙˆÓÂÓÓÔÈÒÓ «ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·» ηȫÔϛ٘» Á›ÓÂÙ·È Î·Ù¿

ÙÚfiÔ Ô˘ Ó· ·Ó·‰ÂÈÎÓ‡ÂÈ ÙË ÛË-Ì·Û›· Ô˘ ·¤‰ˆÛÂ Ë ™˘Ó¤Ï¢-ÛË ÛÙË Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹ Ù˘ ∫ÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜ÙˆÓ ¶ÔÏÈÙÒÓ ÁÈ· ÙË ‰È·ÌfiÚʈÛËÙ˘ ‰ÔÌ‹˜ Î·È Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÚÈÂ-¯Ô̤ÓÔ˘ Ù˘ ¡¤·˜ ∂˘ÚÒ˘. ªÈ·Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹ Ô˘ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈ‹-ıËΠ̠ÙË ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ· Ô˘ ›-¯·Ó ÙfiÛÔ ÔÚÁ·ÓˆÌ¤ÓÔÈ ÊÔÚ›˜ fi-ÛÔ Î·È ·ÏÔ› Ôϛ٘, Ó· ÌÂÙ¤-¯Ô˘Ó ÛÙÔ ‰È¿ÏÔÁÔ ÁÈ· ÙÔ Ì¤ÏÏÔÓÙ˘ ∂˘ÚÒ˘, ˘Ô‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙ·˜ ÙȘı¤ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘˜ Î·È ÙȘ ÚÔÙ¿ÛÂȘÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙË ™˘Ó¤Ï¢ÛË. ¶ÔÏϤ˜ ·-

fi ·˘Ù¤˜ ÙȘ ı¤ÛÂȘ Î·È ÚÔÙ¿-ÛÂȘ ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛ·Ó ÙË ‚¿ÛË ÁÈ· ÙˉȷÌfiÚʈÛË ÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÈÎÒÓ Ù˘ŒÓˆÛ˘, fiˆ˜ ·˘Ù¤˜ ·ÔÙ˘Ò-ÓÔÓÙ·È ÛÙÔ ª¤ÚÔ˜ πππ ÙÔ˘ ™¯Â‰›Ô˘™˘ÓÙ·ÁÌ·ÙÈ΋˜ ™˘Óı‹Î˘.

∂›Ó·È ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈÎfi fiÙÈ ÛÙÔ¿ÚıÚÔ π-2 ÙÔ˘ ™¯Â‰›Ô˘, ÛÙÔ ÔԛԷӷʤÚÔÓÙ·È ÔÈ ·Í›Â˜ Ù˘ ŒÓˆ-Û˘, ‰ËÏ·‰‹ ÔÈ ¤ÓÓÔȘ › ÙˆÓÔÔ›ˆÓ ‚·Û›˙ÂÙ·È ÙÔ Â˘Úˆ·˚ÎfiÔÈÎÔ‰fiÌËÌ·, ÚÔÛ‰ÈÔÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ËÂ˘Úˆ·˚΋ ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·, ˆ˜ Û‡ÓÔÏÔÙˆÓ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÒÓ ÙˆÓ ∫Ú·ÙÒÓ ªÂ-ÏÒÓ, Î·È ıˆÚÂ›Ù·È fiÙÈ ¯·Ú·ÎÙË-Ú›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ÏÔ˘Ú·ÏÈÛÌfi, ·ÓÔ-¯‹, ·ÏÏËÏÂÁÁ‡Ë, ‰ÈηÈÔÛ‡ÓË Î·È··ÁfiÚ¢ÛË ÙˆÓ ‰È·ÎÚ›ÛˆÓ. ∏¤ÓÓÔÈ· Ù˘ ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜ ÏÔÈfiÓ, ·-

ÔÙÂÏ› ‚·ÛÈÎfi Û˘ÛÙ·ÙÈÎfi Ù˘ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜ ·ÓÙ›Ï˄˘ ÂÚ› ∂˘Úˆ-·˚΋˜ √ÏÔÎÏ‹ÚˆÛ˘.

√È Ôϛ٘ Ù˘ ŒÓˆÛ˘ ıˆ-ÚÔ‡ÓÙ·È ˆ˜ Ë ËÁ‹ οı ÂÍÔ˘-Û›·˜, Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙÔ ÔÏÈÙÂÈ·ÎfiÛ¯‹Ì· Ô˘ ‰È·ÌÔÚÊÒÓÂÈ ÙÔ ™¯¤-‰ÈÔ ™˘ÓÙ·ÁÌ·ÙÈ΋˜ ™˘Óı‹Î˘.¶ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·ÓÙÈÚÔÛˆÂ˘-ÙÈ΋ ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·Ù›·, ‰ËÏ·‰‹ ÙËÓ ıÂ-ÛÌÈο ÚÔ‚ÏÂfiÌÂÓË ÂÎÚÔÛÒ-ËÛË ÙˆÓ ‚·ÛÈÎÒÓ ÊÔÚ¤ˆÓ ÂÍÔ˘-Û›·˜, ÙˆÓ Â˘Úˆ·›ˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÒÓÛÙ· ıÂÛÌÈο fiÚÁ·Ó· Ù˘ ŒÓˆÛ˘,fiˆ˜ ·˘Ù‹ ÚÔÛ‰ÈÔÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ¿ÚıÚÔ π-45 ÙÔ˘ ™¯Â‰›Ô˘. ∂ȉÈÎfiÙÂ-Ú·, Ë ÂÎÚÔÛÒËÛË ·˘Ù‹ Á›ÓÂÙ·ÈÙfiÛÔ ¿ÌÂÛ·, ·fi Ù· ̤ÏË ÙÔ˘ ∂˘-Úˆ·˚ÎÔ‡ ∫ÔÈÓÔ‚Ô˘Ï›Ô˘ Ô˘ Â-ÎϤÁÔÓÙ·È ¿ÌÂÛ· ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ Â˘Úˆ-·›Ô˘˜ Ôϛ٘, fiÛÔ Î·È ¤ÌÌÂÛ·,·fi ÙȘ ÂıÓÈΤ˜ ΢‚ÂÚÓ‹ÛÂȘ ÛÙ·Ï·›ÛÈ· ÙÔ˘ ∂˘Úˆ·˚ÎÔ‡ ™˘Ì‚Ô˘-Ï›Ô˘ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ™˘Ì‚Ô˘Ï›Ô˘ ÀÔ˘Ú-ÁÒÓ, ÔÈ Ôԛ˜ ÏÔÁÔ‰ÔÙÔ‡Ó ÛÙ· Â-ıÓÈο ÎÔÈÓÔ‚Ô‡ÏÈ·, Ù· ̤ÏË ÙˆÓÔÔ›ˆÓ ÂÎϤÁÔÓÙ·È ¿ÌÂÛ·.

∏ Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹ ÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÒÓ, ˆ˜Û˘ÛÙ·ÙÈÎÒÓ ÌÂÏÒÓ Ù˘ Â˘Úˆ·˚-΋˜ ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜, ÛÙÔ Â˘Úˆ·˚ÎfiÁ›ÁÓÂÛı·È, ·ÔÙÂÏ› ‚·ÛÈÎfi ÛË-ÌÂ›Ô Ù˘ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›·˜ Ù˘ Ó¤·˜∂˘ÚÒ˘, fiˆ˜ ·˘Ù‹ «ÂÚÈÁÚ¿-

¢π∞ª√ƒºø¡√¡∆∞™ ∆∏ ¡∂∞ ∂Àƒø¶∏

∏ ‰È·ÌfiÚʈÛË Ù˘ ‰ÔÌ‹˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ÂÚȯÔ̤ÓÔ˘ Ù˘ ¡¤·˜∂˘ÚÒ˘, Ù˘ ∂˘ÚÒ˘ ÙˆÓ 25 ÎÚ·ÙÒÓ ÌÂÏÒÓ, ˘‹ÚÍ ÙÔ‚·ÛÈÎfi ¤ÚÁÔ Ù˘ ™˘Ó¤Ï¢Û˘ ÁÈ· ÙÔ ª¤ÏÏÔÓ Ù˘ ∂˘ÚÒ˘,ÛÙËÓ ÔÔ›· ÌÂÙ›¯· ˆ˜ Ù·ÎÙÈÎfi ̤ÏÔ˜-ÂÎÚfiÛˆÔ˜ ÙÔ˘∂ÏÏËÓÈÎÔ‡ ∫ÔÈÓÔ‚Ô˘Ï›Ô˘. ∂›Ó·È ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ fiÙÈ ÔÈ ÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜Ù˘ ™˘Ó¤Ï¢Û˘ ·Ó·ÏÒıËηÓ, ηٿ ·ÚÈÔ ÏfiÁÔ, ÛÙÔ Û¯Â-‰È·ÛÌfi ÙÔ˘ ıÂÛÌÈÎÔ‡ Ï·ÈÛ›Ô˘ ÔÚÁ¿ÓˆÛ˘ Î·È ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›·˜Ù˘ ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋˜ ŒÓˆÛ˘, fiˆ˜ ·˘Ùfi ·ÔÙ˘ÒÓÂÙ·È Ï¤ÔÓÛÙÔ ™¯¤‰ÈÔ ™˘ÓÙ·ÁÌ·ÙÈ΋˜ ™˘Óı‹Î˘ Ô˘ Ô Úfi‰ÚÔ˜ Ù˘™˘Ó¤Ï¢Û˘, Î. V. Giscard dã ∂staing ˘¤‚·Ï ÛÙÔ ∂˘Úˆ-·˚Îfi ™˘Ì‚Ô‡ÏÈÔ, ηٿ ÙË Û‡ÓÔ‰Ô ÙÔ˘ ÛÙË Ã·ÏÎȉÈ΋, ÛÙȘ20 πÔ˘Ó›Ô˘ 2003.

Ù˘ ª·ÚȤÙÙ·˜ °È·ÓÓ¿ÎÔ˘,µÔ˘Ï¢ÙÔ‡ Ù˘ ¡¢, . ÀÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡, ∞ÓÙÈÚÔ¤‰ÚÔ˘ Ù˘ ∂ȉÈ΋˜ ¢È·ÚÎÔ‡˜ ∂ÈÙÚÔ‹˜ ∂˘-Úˆ·˚ÎÒÓ ÀÔı¤ÛÂˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ∂ÏÏËÓÈÎÔ‡ ∫ÔÈÓÔ‚Ô˘Ï›Ô˘

√ ÚfiÏÔ˜ Ù˘ ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜ÔÏÈÙÒÓ

Page 41: European Expression - Issue 50

∫ √ π ¡ ø ¡ π ∞ ¶ √ § π ∆ ø ¡ 39

EYPø¶A´KH EKºPA™H ñ Ù. 50 ñ 3O TPIMHNO 2003

ÊÂÙ·È» ÛÙÔ ™¯¤‰ÈÔ ™˘ÓÙ·ÁÌ·ÙÈ-΋˜ ™˘Óı‹Î˘. ∫·Ù¿ ÙÔ ¿ÚıÚÔ π-45 ·Ú. 3, οı ÔÏ›Ù˘ ¤¯ÂÈ ‰È-η›ˆÌ· Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹˜ ÛÙÔ ‰ËÌÔ-ÎÚ·ÙÈÎfi ‚›Ô Ù˘ ŒÓˆÛ˘. ∆Ô ‰È-η›ˆÌ· ·˘Ùfi ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ÌÈ· ·Ï‹‰È·Î‹Ú˘ÍË ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ Ù˘ŒÓˆÛ˘. ∂¯ÂÈ Î·ÓÔÓÈÛÙÈÎfi ÂÚÈÂ-¯fiÌÂÓÔ ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ÚÔÛ‰ÈÔÚ›˙ÂÙ·Èηْ ·Ú¯‹Ó ·fi ÙËÓ ›‰È· ‰È¿Ù·ÍË,‚¿ÛÂÈ Ù˘ ÔÔ›·˜ fiϘ ÔÈ ·ÔÊ¿-ÛÂȘ Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·È fiÛÔ ÙÔ ‰˘Ó·-ÙfiÓ ÈÔ ·ÓÔÈÎÙ¿ Î·È ÂÁÁ‡ÙÂÚ·ÛÙÔ˘˜ Ôϛ٘. ¢ËÏ·‰‹, ‰ËÌÈÔ˘Ú-ÁÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÔÈ ÚÔ¸Ôı¤ÛÂȘ ·Ú¤Ì-‚·Û˘ ÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÒÓ ÛÙË ‰È·‰Èη-Û›· Ï‹„˘ ·ÔÊ¿ÛˆÓ, ηٿÙÚfiÔ Ù¤ÙÔÈÔ ÒÛÙ ӷ ¤¯Ô˘Ó Ô˘-ÛÈ·ÛÙÈ΋ ›‰Ú·ÛË Û ·˘Ù¤˜.

™ÙÔ ¿ÚıÚÔ π-46 ÙÔ˘ ™¯Â‰›Ô˘™˘ÓÙ·ÁÌ·ÙÈ΋˜ ™˘Óı‹Î˘ ÂÍÂȉÈ-·ÂÙ·È ·ÎfiÌË ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ ÔÙÚfiÔ˜ Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹˜ Ù˘ ÎÔÈÓˆ-Ó›·˜ ÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÒÓ ÛÙË ‰È·ÌfiÚʈ-ÛË ÙÔ˘ Â˘Úˆ·˚ÎÔ‡ Á›ÁÓÂÛı·È.ŒÙÛÈ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁÂ›Ù·È ÓÔÌÈ΋ ˘Ô-¯Ú¤ˆÛË ÙˆÓ ıÂÛÌÈÎÒÓ ÔÚÁ¿ÓˆÓÙ˘ ŒÓˆÛ˘ Ó· ·Ú¤¯Ô˘Ó ÛÙÔ˘˜Ôϛ٘ ÙËÓ ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ· Ó· ÂÎ-ÊÚ¿˙Ô˘Ó ÚÔ˜ ·˘Ù¿ ÙËÓ ¿Ô„ËÙÔ˘˜ Û¯ÂÙÈο Ì ÙÔ ÂÚȯfiÌÂÓÔÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÈÎÒÓ Ô˘ ۯ‰ȿ˙ÂÈ, ˘È-ÔıÂÙ› Î·È ÂÊ·ÚÌfi˙ÂÈ Ë ŒÓˆÛË.°È· Ó· ηٷÛÙ› fï˜ Ô˘ÛÈ·ÛÙÈÎ‹Î·È ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈ΋ Ë ¿Ô„ËÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÒÓ, Ú¤ÂÈ ·˘Ù‹ Ó· ›-Ó·È ÙÂÎÌËÚȈ̤ÓË. ∏ ÙÂÎÌËÚ›ˆÛˤگÂÙ·È ÌfiÓÔ Ì¤Ûˆ Ù˘ ÂÓË̤-ÚˆÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÒÓ (¿ÏψÛÙ «ÔÂÓËÌÂڈ̤ÓÔ˜ ÔÏ›Ù˘ Â›Ó·È ÔηÏfi˜ ÔÏ›Ù˘»), Î·È Ë ÂÓË̤ڈ-ÛË Â›Ó·È ‚·ÛÈ΋ Û˘Ó¤ÂÈ· Ù˘‰È·Ê¿ÓÂÈ·˜ Ù˘ ‰Ú¿Û˘ ÙˆÓ ıÂ-ÛÌÈÎÒÓ ÔÚÁ¿ÓˆÓ Ù˘ ŒÓˆÛ˘.∫·Ù¿ ÙÔ ¿ÚıÚÔ π-49 ÙÔ˘ ™¯Â‰›Ô˘,ˆ˜ ÚÔ¸fiıÂÛË Ù˘ ¯ÚËÛÙ‹˜‰È·Î˘‚¤ÚÓËÛ˘ Î·È Ù˘ Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ-¯‹˜ Ù˘ ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜ ÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÒÓÛÙË ‰È·‰Èηۛ· Ï‹„˘ ·ÔÊ¿ÛÂ-

ˆÓ, Ù· ıÂÛÌÈο fiÚÁ·Ó· ‰ÈÂÍ¿-ÁÔ˘Ó ÙȘ ÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜ fiÛÔ ÙÔ ‰˘Ó·-ÙfiÓ ÈÔ ·ÓÔÈÎÙ¿. ŒÙÛÈ ÚԂϤÔ-ÓÙ·È ‰ËÌfiÛȘ Û˘Ó‰ÚÈ¿ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘∫ÔÈÓÔ‚Ô˘Ï›Ô˘ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ™˘Ì‚Ô˘Ï›-Ô˘ ÀÔ˘ÚÁÒÓ, ηıÒ˜ Î·È Úfi-Û‚·ÛË ÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÒÓ Û ¤ÁÁÚ·Ê·ÙˆÓ ıÂÛÌÈÎÒÓ ÔÚÁ¿ÓˆÓ, ÔÚÁ·ÓÈ-ÛÌÒÓ Î·È ÊÔÚ¤ˆÓ Ù˘ ŒÓˆÛ˘,˘fi ÙȘ ÚÔ¸Ôı¤ÛÂȘ ‚¤‚·È· Ù˘ÚÔÛÙ·Û›·˜ ‰ËÌÔÛ›Ô˘ ‹ ȉȈÙÈ-ÎÔ‡ Û˘ÌʤÚÔÓÙÔ˜.

∆Ô ¿ÚıÚÔ π-46 ÙÔ˘ ™¯Â‰›Ô˘ ÂÈ-‚¿ÏÏÂÈ ÛÙ· ıÂÛÌÈο fiÚÁ·Ó· Ù˘ŒÓˆÛ˘ Ó· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ¤Ó· ‰È·Ú΋ ·-ÓÔÈÎÙfi ‰›·˘ÏÔ ÂÈÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜ ÌÂÙËÓ ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›· ÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÒÓ ÁÂÓÈÎ¿Î·È ÙȘ ÂÓÒÛÂȘ Ô˘ ·ÓÙÈÚÔÛˆ-Â‡Ô˘Ó ÙÔ˘˜ Ôϛ٘. √ ‰È¿ÏÔÁÔ˜Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Â›Ó·È Û˘Ó¯‹˜ Î·È Ì¤ÛˆıÂÛÌÔıÂÙËÌ¤ÓˆÓ ‰È·‰ÈηÛÈÒӉȷ‚Ô‡Ï¢Û˘, ÒÛÙ ӷ ÌÔÚÔ‡ÓÓ· ÂÎʤÚÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ¿Ô„Ë ÙÔ˘˜ fiÏ·Ù· ÂӉȷÊÂÚfiÌÂÓ· ̤ÚË.

∆Ô ÈÔ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi ›Ûˆ˜ ÛÙÔÈ-¯Â›Ô, Ô˘ ·Ô‰ÂÈÎÓ‡ÂÈ ÙËÓ Û˘ÌÌÂ-ÙÔ¯È΋ ʇÛË Ù˘ ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·ÙÈ΋˜ÔÚÁ¿ÓˆÛ˘ Î·È ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›·˜ Ù˘Ӥ·˜ ∂˘ÚÒ˘, fiˆ˜ ÙËÓ ÔÚÈÔıÂ-Ù› ÙÔ ™¯¤‰ÈÔ ™˘ÓÙ·ÁÌ·ÙÈ΋˜ ™˘Ó-ı‹Î˘, Â›Ó·È Ë ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ· ˘Ô-‚ÔÏ‹˜, ¿ÌÂÛ·, ÚfiÙ·Û˘ ‰Ú¿Û˘·fi ÙÔ˘˜ Ôϛ٘ Ù˘ ŒÓˆÛ˘ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋ ∂ÈÙÚÔ‹.¶ÈÔ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ӷ, ÂÊfiÛÔÓ ¤Ó· Â-ηÙÔÌ̇ÚÈÔ Â˘Úˆ·›ÔÈ Ôϛ٘,·fi ‰È¿ÊÔÚ· ÎÚ¿ÙË Ì¤ÏË, ÂÈı˘-ÌÔ‡Ó Ó· ÚÔÙ›ÓÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ı¤ÛÈÛËÌÈ·˜ ÓÔÌÈ΋˜ Ú¿Í˘ Ù˘ ŒÓˆÛ˘ÁÈ· ı¤Ì·Ù· Ô˘ ·ÊÔÚÔ‡Ó ÙȘ Ô-ÏÈÙÈΤ˜ Ù˘ ŒÓˆÛ˘, fiˆ˜ ·˘Ù¤˜ÂÚÈÁÚ¿ÊÔÓÙ·È ÛÙÔ ™¯¤‰ÈÔ ™˘-ÓÙ·ÁÌ·ÙÈ΋˜ ™˘Óı‹Î˘, ÌÔÚÔ‡ÓÓ· ˘Ô‚¿ÏÏÔ˘Ó, Û˘ÏÏÔÁÈο, ÙËÛ¯ÂÙÈ΋ ÚfiÙ·ÛË ÛÙËÓ ∂˘Úˆ·˚-΋ ∂ÈÙÚÔ‹.

¶ÔÏÈÙÈο, ÌÈ· Ù¤ÙÔÈ· ‰È¿Ù·ÍË·ÔÙÂÏ› ¤Ó· ȉȷ›ÙÂÚ· ·ÍÈÔÛË-Ì›ˆÙÔ ‚‹Ì·. ∆Ô ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ fiÙÈ ¤-

Ó·˜ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi˜ ·ÚÈıÌfi˜ ÔÏÈ-ÙÒÓ, ·fi ‰È¿ÊÔÚ· ÎÚ¿ÙË, Ô˘ ¤-¯Ô˘Ó ÎÔÈÓ‹ ·ÓÙ›ÏË„Ë ÁÈ· ¤Ó· ˙‹-ÙËÌ·, ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ˘Ô‚¿ÏÏÔ˘ÓÌÈ· ÚfiÙ·ÛË ÛÙËÓ ∂ÈÙÚÔ‹, ‰Ë-ÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ› ÙËÓ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ Î·È ÓÔÌÈ΋˘Ô¯Ú¤ˆÛË Ù˘ ∂ÈÙÚÔ‹˜ Ó· Â-ÍÂÙ¿ÛÂÈ ÙÔ ˙‹ÙËÌ· Î·È ÙËÓ Úfi-Ù·ÛË. ∂Ӊ¯Ô̤ӈ˜, ÙÂÏÈο Ó·ÌËÓ ÚÔˆıËı› Ë Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ÓËÚfiÙ·ÛË ÛÙË ÓÔÌÔıÂÙÈ΋ ‰È·‰È-ηۛ· ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ¤Î‰ÔÛË Ù˘ ˙ËÙÔ‡-ÌÂÓ˘ ÓÔÌÈ΋˜ Ú¿Í˘. ∆Ô ÛÙÔÈ-¯Â›Ô fï˜ fiÙÈ ÔÈ Ôϛ٘ Ù˘ ∂˘-ÚÒ˘ ı· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ·Ú¤Ì‚ÂÈ ¿ÌÂÛ·ÒÛÙ ӷ Á›ÓÂÈ ÌÈ· ÓÔÌÈ΋ ÂÓ¤Ú-ÁÂÈ· Â›Ó·È Ôχ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi.ÕÏψÛÙÂ, Ô ·˘ÍË̤ÓÔ˜ ·ÚÈıÌfi˜ÙˆÓ ÚÔÙÂÈÓfiÓÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÒÓ ˘Ô-¯ÚÂÒÓÂÈ ÙËÓ ∂ÈÙÚÔ‹ Ó· ·Û¯Ô-ÏËı› Ô˘ÛÈ·ÛÙÈο Ì ÙÔ ÙÈı¤ÌÂÓÔ˙‹ÙËÌ·, Î·È Ó· ‰ÒÛÂÈ ÌÈ· › ÙË˜Ô˘Û›·˜ ·¿ÓÙËÛË, ıÂÙÈ΋ ‹ ·ÚÓË-ÙÈ΋, Ë ÔÔ›· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Â›Ó·È Û·-Ê‹˜ Î·È ·ÈÙÈÔÏÔÁË̤ÓË.

ª¤Û· ¤Ó· Ù¤ÙÔÈÔ Ï·›ÛÈÔ, η-ÏÂ›Ù·È Ë Â˘Úˆ·˚΋ ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·ÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÒÓ Ó· ÂÓÂÚÁÔÔÈËı›ηٿ ÙÚfiÔ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈÎfi. ∏‰È·ÌfiÚʈÛË ı¤ÛÂˆÓ Î·È ·fi„Â-ˆÓ ÁÈ· ÙȘ ÔÏÈÙÈΤ˜ Î·È ÙËÓ Ô-Ú›· Ù˘ ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋˜ ŒÓˆÛË˜Â›Ó·È ÌÈ· Û˘Ó¯‹˜ ‰È·‰Èηۛ·ÛÙËÓ ÔÔ›· ÚˆÙÔÛÙ·ÙÔ‡Ó ÔÈ ·-ÓÙÈÚÔÛˆÂ˘ÙÈΤ˜ ÔÚÁ·ÓÒÛÂȘÙ˘ ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜ ÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÒÓ.∂ÎÙÈÌÒ fiÙÈ Ù¤ÙÔȘ ÔÚÁ·ÓÒÛÂȘ,fiˆ˜ Ë ÌË Î˘‚ÂÚÓËÙÈ΋ ÔÚÁ¿Óˆ-ÛË ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋ ŒÎÊÚ·ÛË Î·È ËÊÈÏfiÍÂÓË ÔÌÒÓ˘ÌË ¤Î‰ÔÛË Ù˘,ı· ·ÓÙ·ÔÎÚÈıÔ‡Ó ÛÙÔ Ó¤Ô ıÂ-ÛÌÔıÂÙË̤ÓÔ ÚfiÏÔ ÙÔ˘˜, Ô˘ÚԂϤÂÈ ÙÔ ™¯¤‰ÈÔ ™˘ÓÙ·ÁÌ·-ÙÈ΋˜ ™˘Óı‹Î˘ Î·È ÛÙȘ ÚÔÛ¿-ıÂȘ ÙÔ˘˜ Û›ÁÔ˘Ú· ı· ‚ÚÔ˘ÓÛ˘Ì·Ú·Ûٿ٘ fiÏÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘˜ Ô-ÏÈÙÈÎÔ‡˜ Ô˘ ›̷ÛÙ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÔ›Ù˘ ȉ¤·˜ Ù˘ ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋˜ √ÏÔ-ÎÏ‹ÚˆÛ˘.

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∆Ô ‰ÔΛÌÈÔ ·˘Ùfi ÂÛÙÈ¿˙ÂÈÛÙËÓ ·Ó·ÓÙÈÛÙÔȯ›· ÌÂÙ·Í‡ÙˆÓ ‚·ÛÈÎÒÓ ÚÔ··ÈÙÔ‡-ÌÂÓˆÓ Ù˘ ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜

Î·È ÙˆÓ Û˘ÓıËÎÒÓ ÛÙȘ Ôԛ˜ÛÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ·È Ë ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ ‰È·¯Â›ÚÈÛËÙ˘ Â˘Úˆ·˚΋˜ ÂÓÔÔ›ËÛ˘. ¢È·-ÎÚ›ÓÂÈ ÌÂٷ͇ ıÂÛÌÈÎÒÓ Î·È ÎÔÈÓˆ-ÓÈÎÔ-„˘¯ÔÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ Ù˘¯ÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ‰Ë-ÌÔÎÚ·ÙÈÎÔ‡ ÂÏÏ›ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ Ù˘ ∂˘-Úˆ·˚΋˜ ŒÓˆÛ˘ (∂∂), ÂÛÙÈ¿˙Ô-ÓÙ·˜ Û ı¤Ì·Ù· ‰È·ÌÔÈÚ·ÛÌÔ‡ Ù˘ÂÍÔ˘Û›·˜ Î·È ˙ËÙ‹Ì·Ù· Â˘Úˆ·˚-΋˜ Ù·˘ÙfiÙËÙ·˜. ªÂ ·ÊÔÚÌ‹ ÙËÓ¤Ó·ÚÍË Ù˘ Ó¤·˜ ¢È·Î˘‚ÂÚÓËÙÈ΋˜¢È¿Û΄˘, Î·È Î·ıÒ˜ Ë Û˘˙‹ÙËÛËÁÈ· ÙÔ ª¤ÏÏÔÓ Ù˘ ∂˘ÚÒ˘ ÂÁ›-ÚÂÈ ıÂÌÂÏÈÒ‰Ë ÂÚˆÙ‹Ì·Ù· Á‡Úˆ ·-fi ÙËÓ ÔÏÈÙÂȷ΋ Ù·˘ÙfiÙËÙ· Ù˘∂∂, ı· ÂÛÙÈ¿ÛÔ˘Ì Û ٤ÛÛÂÚ· ˘-ԉ›ÁÌ·Ù· ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜ ‰È·Î˘‚¤ÚÓË-Û˘. ª¤¯ÚÈ Ù· ̤۷ Ù˘ ‰ÂηÂÙ›·˜ÙÔ˘ ’90, Ë ∂∂ ·ÓÙÏÔ‡Û ÙË ÓÔÌÈÌÔ-Ô›ËÛ‹ Ù˘ ·fi ÙËÓ ÂÔÓÔÌ·˙fiÌÂ-ÓË «Û˘Áηٷ‚·ÙÈ΋ Û˘Ó·›ÓÂÛË»,‰ËÏ·‰‹ ÙË ÛȈËÚ‹ ·Ô‰Ô¯‹ ÙˆÓÔÏÈÙÒÓ ÛÙȘ Â˘Úˆ·˚Τ˜ ÂÈÏÔ-Á¤˜ ÙˆÓ ËÁÂÛÈÒÓ ÙÔ˘˜. ∏ ÓÔÌÈÌÔ-Ô›ËÛË Ù˘ ∂∂ ‹Á·˙ ·fi ÙËÓ

ÚÔÔÙÈ΋ ·Ó¿‰˘Û˘ ÌÈ·˜ «ÎÔÈÓfi-ÙËÙ·˜ ·ÛÊ¿ÏÂÈ·˜» ÛÂ Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌfiÌ ٷ¯Â›˜ Ú˘ıÌÔ‡˜ ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈ΋˜ ·-Ó¿Ù˘Í˘. øÛÙfiÛÔ, ·˘Ù‹ Ë ÌÔÚÊ‹Û˘Ó·›ÓÂÛ˘ ¤‰ˆÛ ÛÙ·‰È·Î¿ ÙËı¤ÛË Ù˘ Û ÌÈ· Ó¤· ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ·ÙÈ΋ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈ΋ ÓÔÌÈÌÔÔ›ËÛËÙ˘ ∂˘ÚÒ˘: Û ÌÈ· ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô Ô˘ÔÈ ˘ÂÚÂıÓÈΤ˜ ȤÛÂȘ ı¤ÙÔ˘Ó Û‰ÔÎÈÌ·Û›· ÙfiÛÔ ÙȘ ÂÓ‰ÔÎÚ·ÙÈΤ˜fiÛÔ Î·È ÙȘ ‰È·ÎÚ·ÙÈΤ˜ Û¯¤ÛÂȘ,Â›Ó·È ·Ó¿ÁÎË Ó· ‰È·ÛÊ·ÏÈÛıÔ‡ÓÛ˘Óı‹Î˜ ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·ÙÈ΋˜ ‰È·Î˘‚¤Ú-ÓËÛ˘ ÂÎÙfi˜ ÙˆÓ ÔÚ›ˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ·Ú·-‰ÔÛÈ·ÎÔ‡ ¤ıÓÔ˘˜-ÎÚ¿ÙÔ˘˜. ∏ Ó¤·ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ·ÙÈ΋ ·ÓÙ·Ó·ÎÏ¿ Ӥ˜ ·-ÓËÛ˘¯›Â˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÔÈÎÔ‰fiÌËÛË ÙË˜Â˘Úˆ·˚΋˜ ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜ Î·È ÙÔÌÂÙ·Û¯ËÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi Ù˘ ∂∂ Û ¤Ó·Ï‹Úˆ˜ ·ÓÂÙ˘Á̤ÓÔ ÔÏÈÙÈÎfi Û‡-ÛÙËÌ·: ÌÈ· ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ· ÌÂ-ٷ͇ ›ÛˆÓ, Ù· ̤ÏË Ù˘ ÔÔ›·˜ ÌÔÈ-Ú¿˙ÔÓÙ·È ÌÂٷ͇ ÙÔ˘˜ ¤Ó· Û‡ÓÔÏÔÔÏÈÙÈÎÒÓ ·ÍÈÒÓ Û ÌÈ· ÂÎÙÂٷ̤-ÓË ‰ËÌfiÛÈ· ÛÊ·›Ú·. ∏ ÚÒÙË ¿Ô-„Ë Ô˘ ¯Ú‹˙ÂÈ ÚÔÛÔ¯‹˜ ÂÛÙÈ¿˙ÂÈÛÙȘ ıÂÛÌÈΤ˜ ȉÈfiÙËÙ˜ ÙÔ˘ ‰ËÌÔ-ÎÚ·ÙÈÎÔ‡ ÂÏÏ›ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜, ÛÙËÓ ¤ÏÏÂÈ-„Ë ıÂÛÌÈ΋˜ ÈÛÔÚÚÔ›·˜ Î·È ÛÙËÓ·Ó¿ÁÎË Ó· ÂÓÈÛ¯˘ı› Ô ·ÓÙÈÚÔÛˆ-¢ÙÈÎfi˜ ¯·Ú·ÎÙ‹Ú·˜ Ù˘ ∂∂. ∏‰Â‡ÙÂÚË ÂÈÎÂÓÙÚÒÓÂÙ·È Û ÎÔÈÓˆ-ÓÈÎÔ-„˘¯ÔÏÔÁÈÎÔ‡˜ ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ˜,΢ڛˆ˜ ÛÙËÓ ·Ô˘Û›· ÂÓfi˜ Â˘Úˆ-·˚ÎÔ‡ ‰‹ÌÔ˘.

∏ £ÂÛÌÈ΋ ¶ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛË

∏ÔÚıfi‰ÔÍË ¿Ô„Ë ÁÈ· ÙË ‰ËÌÔ-ÎÚ·ÙÈ΋ ·ıÔÏÔÁ›· Ù˘ ∂∂ ·-

ÊÔÚ¿ ÙË ÌÂÙ·‚›‚·ÛË Ô˘ÛÈ·ÛÙÈÎÒÓÓÔÌÔıÂÙÈÎÒÓ ·ÚÌÔ‰ÈÔÙ‹ÙˆÓ ·fiÙ· ÂıÓÈο ÎÔÈÓÔ‚Ô‡ÏÈ· ÛÙ· ÂÎÙÂÏÂ-ÛÙÈο fiÚÁ·Ó· Ù˘ ∂∂, ¯ˆÚ›˜ ÙˉȷÛÊ¿ÏÈÛË Û˘ÓıËÎÒÓ ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·ÙÈ-΋˜ ÂϤÁ¯Ô˘ ̤ۈ ÙÔ˘ ¿ÌÂÛ· Â-ÎÏÂÁ̤ÓÔ˘ (·fi ÙÔ 1979) ∂˘Úˆ-·˚ÎÔ‡ ∫ÔÈÓÔ‚Ô˘Ï›Ô˘ (∂∫). ∏ ıÂÒ-ÚËÛË ·˘Ù‹ ¤ÁÈÓ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ ÂÈ-ÛÙÈ΋ ·fi ÙË ı¤ÛË Û ÈÛ¯‡ Ù˘ ∂ÓÈ-·›·˜ ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋˜ ¶Ú¿Í˘, Ë ÔÔ›·Â¤ÎÙÂÈÓ ÙË ÛÊ·›Ú· ÙˆÓ Â˘Úˆ·˚-ÎÒÓ ·ÚÌÔ‰ÈÔÙ‹ÙˆÓ Î·È ÙËÓ ¯Ú‹ÛËÙ˘ ÏÂÈÔ„ËÊÈ΋˜ ·Ú¯‹˜. ¶·Ú¿ ÙÔÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ fiÙÈ Ë Â¤ÎÙ·ÛË Ù˘ ÙÂ-ÏÂ˘Ù·›·˜ ÂÓ›Û¯˘Û ÙËÓ ·ÔÙÂÏÂ-ÛÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÛÙË Ï‹„Ë ÙˆÓ ·Ô-Ê¿ÛˆÓ, Âȉ›ӈÛ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈοÙÔÓ ‹‰Ë ÂÚÈıˆÚÈ·Îfi ÚfiÏÔ ÙˆÓ Â-ıÓÈÎÒÓ ÎÔÈÓÔ‚Ô˘Ï›ˆÓ ÛÙËÓ ÂÓÔÔÈ-ËÙÈ΋ ‰È·‰Èηۛ·. ∏ ÌÂÙ·ÙfiÈÛË fi-̈˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂϤÁ¯Ô˘ ˘¤Ú Ù˘ ÂıÓÈ-΋˜ ÂÎÙÂÏÂÛÙÈ΋˜ ÂÍÔ˘Û›·˜ ηÈÙˆÓ ÌË-ÂÎÏÂÁÌ¤ÓˆÓ ÔÚÁ¿ÓˆÓ ÛÂÂ˘Úˆ·˚Îfi Â›Â‰Ô ÚÔÙ›ÓÂÈ ÌÈ·ÚÔÊ·Ó‹, ·Ó Î·È Ì¿ÏÏÔÓ ·ÏÔ˘-ÛÙ¢ÙÈ΋, χÛË: Ó· ·ÓÙÈÛÙ·ıÌÈÛÙÂ›Ë ·ÒÏÂÈ· ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·ÙÈ΋˜ ¢ı‡Ó˘·fi Ù· ÂıÓÈο ÎÔÈÓÔ‚Ô‡ÏÈ· Ì ÙËÓÂÓ›Û¯˘ÛË ÙÔ˘ ‰ÈÎÔÈÓÔ‚Ô˘Ï¢ÙÈ-ÛÌÔ‡ ÛÂ Â˘Úˆ·˚Îfi ›‰Ô.

∞fi ÙËÓ ˘ÔÁÚ·Ê‹ Ù˘ ™˘Óı‹-

* √ ªÈ¯¿Ï˘ π. ∆ÛÈÓÈÛÈ˙¤Ï˘ Â›Ó·È ∫·ıË-ÁËÙ‹˜ ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋˜ ¶ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜ ÛÙÔ ¶·ÓÂ-ÈÛÙ‹ÌÈÔ ∞ıËÓÒÓ, Ô ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚ˘ ¡. ÃÚ˘-ÛÔ¯fiÔ˘ Â›Ó·È Reader ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋˜ ∂ÓÔ-Ô›ËÛ˘ ÛÙÔ ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÈÔ Exeter Î·È o¢ËÌ‹ÙÚ˘ ∫. •ÂÓ¿Î˘ ‰È‰¿ÛÎÂÈ ¢ÈÂıÓ›˜Î·È ∂˘Úˆ-ªÂÛÔÁÂȷΤ˜ ™¯¤ÛÂȘ ÛÙÔ ¶·-ÓÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÈÔ ∫Ú‹Ù˘.

¶ √ § π ∆ π ∫ ∏ √ ƒ ° ∞ ¡ ø ™ ∏ ∆ ∏ ™ ∂ ∂

¶ÔÈ· ¢È·Î˘‚¤ÚÓËÛËÁÈ· ÙËÓ ∂˘ÚÒË

ÙˆÓ ªÈ¯¿ÏË π. ∆ÛÈÓÈÛÈ˙¤ÏË, ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚË ¡. ÃÚ˘ÛÔ¯fiÔ˘Î·È ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚË ∫. •ÂÓ¿ÎË *

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¶ √ § π ∆ π ∫ ∏ √ ƒ ° ∞ ¡ ø ™ ∏ ∆ ∏ ™ ∂ ∂ 41

EYPø¶A´KH EKºPA™H ñ Ù. 50 ñ 3O TPIMHNO 2003

΢ Ù˘ ¡›Î·È·˜, ·Ó·ÓÂÒıËΠÙÔÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ Û¯ÂÙÈο Ì ÙËÓ ·fi-‰ÔÛË ÂÓfi˜ Ô˘ÛÈ·ÛÙÈÎfiÙÂÚÔ˘ Úfi-ÏÔ˘ ÛÙ· ÂıÓÈο ÎÔÈÓÔ‚Ô‡ÏÈ·. ªÈ·ÚfiÙ·ÛË Â›Ó·È ˆ˜ ·˘Ù¿ ı· ¤ÚÂ- ӷ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÏfiÁÔ, ̤ۈ ·ÚÌÔ‰›ˆÓÂÈÙÚÔÒÓ, ÁÈ· ÙÔ Â¿Ó Ë Â˘Úˆ·˚-΋ ÓÔÌÔıÂÛ›· Û¤‚ÂÙ·È ÙËÓ ·Ú¯‹Ù˘ ÂÈÎÔ˘ÚÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜: ∏ ı¤ÛË fi-ÛˆÓ ÂÈı˘ÌÔ‡Ó ¤Ó· ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfiÙÂ-ÚÔ ÚfiÏÔ ÙˆÓ ÂıÓÈÎÒÓ ÎÔÈÓÔ‚Ô˘-Ï›ˆÓ ÂÂÎÙ›ÓÂÙ·È Û˘¯Ó¿ ÛÙËÓ defacto «Â·ÓÂıÓÈÎÔÔ›ËÛË» ÙˆÓÎÔÈÓÒÓ ÔÏÈÙÈÎÒÓ, Ì ÌÔÓ·‰È΋ Â-ÊÈÎÙ‹ χÛË ÙÔ˘ ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·ÙÈÎÔ‡ ÂÏ-Ï›ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÙËÓ ÂÓ›Û¯˘ÛË Ù˘ ‰È·-΢‚ÂÚÓËÙÈ΋˜ ʇÛ˘ Ù˘ ∂∂.

∆Ô Âȯ›ÚËÌ· fiÙÈ Ù· ÂÎÙÂÏÂÛÙÈ-ο fiÚÁ·Ó· Ù˘ ∂∂ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Â›Ó·È˘fiÏÔÁ· Û ÎÔÈÓÔ‚Ô˘Ï¢ÙÈÎÔ‡˜ıÂÛÌÔ‡˜ Û˘Ó‰¤ÂÙ·È Ì ÙËÓ ¿Ô„ËfiÙÈ Ë ∂∂ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ¤Ó· ÂÓ ÔÏÏÔ›˜Ù¯ÓÔÎÚ·ÙÈÎfi ÌfiÚʈ̷ ÙÔ Ôԛԉȷı¤ÙÂÈ Ôχ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚË ÂÍÂȉ›-΢ÛË ·fi ·ÓÙÈÚÔÛˆÂ˘ÙÈÎfiÙË-Ù·. π‰È·›ÙÂÚ· ·fi ÙȘ ·Ú¯¤˜ Ù˘ ‰Â-ηÂÙ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ ’90, Ë Û˘˙‹ÙËÛË ‰È¢-Ú‡ÓıËÎÂ, ÒÛÙ ·ÎfiÌË Î·È ÂΛ Ô˘·Ú·Ì¤ÓÂÈ ÚÔÛ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈṲ̂ÓË ÛÂıÂÛÌÈο ˙ËÙ‹Ì·Ù·, Û˘Ó‰¤ÂÙ·È ·Ó·-fiÛ·ÛÙ· Ì ı¤Ì·Ù· Ô˘ÛÈ·ÛÙÈ΋˜Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹˜ ÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÒÓ ÛÙÔ Ô-ÏÈÙÈÎfi Û‡ÛÙËÌ· Ù˘ ∂∂. ∫·Ù¿ Û˘-Ó¤ÂÈ·, Ô ÂΉËÌÔÎÚ·ÙÈÛÌfi˜ Ù˘∂∂ ‰ÂÓ ·ÊÔÚ¿ ÌfiÓÔ ÙÔÓ Â·Ó·-ÚÔÛ‰ÈÔÚÈÛÌfi Ù˘ ıÂÛÌÈ΋˜ Ù˘ È-ÛÔÚÚÔ›·˜, Ô‡ÙÂ Û˘Ó‰¤ÂÙ·È ÌfiÓÔÌ ÙË ·ÓÙÈÚÔÛˆÂ˘ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÙˆÓÎÔÈÓÔ‚Ô˘Ï¢ÙÈÎÒÓ ıÂÛÌÒÓ. ∞ÊÔ-Ú¿, ›Û˘, ·Ó fi¯È ÂÍ›ÛÔ˘, ÙËÓ ÚÔ-Û¿ıÂÈ· Ó· ¤ÚıÂÈ Ë ∂∂ ÂÁÁ‡ÙÂÚ·ÛÙÔ˘˜ Ôϛ٘ Ù˘, ÂÍ·ÛÊ·Ï›˙Ô-ÓÙ·˜ ¤ÙÛÈ fiÙÈ Ë ÂÓÔÔ›ËÛË ‰ÂÓ ·-ÔÙÂÏ› ˘fiıÂÛË ÌfiÓÔÓ ÙˆÓ Î˘-Ú›·Ú¯ˆÓ ËÁÂÙÈÎÒÓ ÔÌ¿‰ˆÓ. ªÈ· ·-fi ÙȘ ‰È·ÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ Ù˘ ÂÓ ÏfiÁˆ Û˘-˙‹ÙËÛ˘ Û˘Ó‰¤ÂÙ·È Ì ı¤Ì·Ù· ‰È·-Ê¿ÓÂÈ·˜ Î·È ·ÏÔÔ›ËÛ˘ ÙˆÓ™˘ÓıËÎÒÓ. ™ÙÔ Ï·›ÛÈÔ ·˘Ùfi, Ô ıÂ-

ÛÌfi˜ Ù˘ ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜ ıˆÚ›ٷÈfiÙÈ ÂÓÈÛ¯‡ÂÙ·È Ì¤Ûˆ Ù˘ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘Ú-Á›·˜ ÚÔÛÈÙÒÓ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ˘˜ Ôϛ٘ıÂÛÌÒÓ, Ì ·Ú¿ÏÏËÏË ÂÓ›Û¯˘ÛËÙ˘ ‰ËÌfiÛÈ·˜ ‰È·‚Ô‡Ï¢Û˘ ÚÈÓ·fi ÙË Ï‹„Ë ÙˆÓ ·ÔÊ¿ÛˆÓ.

∏ ∫ÔÈÓˆÓÈÎÔ-„˘¯ÔÏÔÁÈ΋¶ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛË

∆Ô Úfi‚ÏËÌ· Ù˘ ıÂÛÌÈ΋˜ ÚÔ-Û¤ÁÁÈÛ˘ ¤ÁÎÂÈÙ·È ÛÙÔ fiÙÈ ‰ÂÓ

ÂÍÂÙ¿˙ÂÈ ÙËÓ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎÔ-„˘¯ÔÏÔÁÈ-΋ ‰È¿ÛÙ·ÛË ÙÔ˘ ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·ÙÈÎÔ‡ ÂÏ-Ï›ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜. ∏ ÔÙÈ΋ ·˘Ù‹ ÌÂÙ·ÙÔ-›˙ÂÈ ÙÔ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ ·fi Ù· Û˘Ó‹-ıË ÂÚˆÙ‹Ì·Ù· ÙÔ˘ ÔÈÔ˜ ΢‚ÂÚÓ¿Î·È Ò˜, ÛÙÔ ÔÈÔ˜ ΢‚ÂÚÓ¿Ù·È.¶ÚÔÙ¿ÛÛÂÈ fiÙÈ ¯ˆÚ›˜ ¤Ó·Ó Â˘Úˆ-·˚Îfi «ÔÏÈÙÈÎfi ‰‹ÌÔ» (civicdemos) Î·È ¯ˆÚ›˜ Ô˘ÛÈ·ÛÙÈ΋ «·Ú-ÌÔ‰ÈfiÙËÙ· ÔÏÈÙÒÓ» (civiccompetence) ÛÂ Â˘Úˆ·˚Îfi ›Â-‰Ô, ‰ÂÓ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ˘¿ÚÍÂÈ ÌÈ· ‚ÈÒ-ÛÈÌË ÌÔÚÊ‹ Â˘Úˆ·˚΋˜ ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·-Ù›·˜. ∏ ı¤ÛË ·˘Ù‹ ·ÓÙ·Ó·ÎÏ¿ ÙËÓ·Ó¿ÁÎË ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘ ÌÈ·˜ ‰ÈÂıÓÈ΋˜ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜ Û˘Ó›‰ËÛ˘, Ë ÔÔ›· Ó··ÔÚÚ¤ÂÈ Ì ÙË ÛÂÈÚ¿ Ù˘ ·fi ÌÈ·ÎÔÈÓ‹ Ù·˘ÙfiÙËÙ· ÌÂٷ͇ ÙˆÓ Â˘-Úˆ·›ˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÒÓ. ŒÓ·˜ ‰ÈÂıÓÈÎfi˜‰‹ÌÔ˜ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ÔÚÈÛÙ› ˆ˜ ¤Ó·Û‡ÓıÂÙÔ ÔÏÈÙÈÎfi ÛÒÌ·, Ù· ̤ÏËÙÔ˘ ÔÔ›Ô˘ ‰È·ı¤ÙÔ˘Ó ¤Ó· ÂÓÂÚÁfiÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·ÙÈ΋‰È·Î˘‚¤ÚÓËÛË Ù˘ ÔÏÈÙ›·˜ ÛÙËÓÔÔ›· ·Ó‹ÎÔ˘Ó, Î·È ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÙË ıÂ-ÛÌÈ΋ ÈηÓfiÙËÙ· Ó· ÌÂÙ·‚È‚¿˙Ô˘ÓÙ· ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·ÙÈο ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÈÙ‹Ì·Ù·ÚÔ˜, Î·È Ì¤Ûˆ, ÙˆÓ ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎÒÓ Ô-ÏÈÙÈÎÒÓ ıÂÛÌÒÓ. ™ÙË ÏÔÁÈ΋ ·˘Ù‹,Ô Â˘Úˆ·˚Îfi˜ ‰‹ÌÔ˜ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÙË‚·ÛÈ΋ Û˘ÓÈÛÙÒÛ· ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÎÔÈÓˆ-ÓÈ΋ ÓÔÌÈÌÔÔ›ËÛË Ù˘ ∂∂, ÛÙÔ fiÙÈÙÔ ·›ÙËÌ· ÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÒÓ ÁÈ· ÂÚÈÛ-ÛfiÙÂÚË ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·Ù›· ·Ô‰ÂÈÎÓ‡ÂÙ·ÈÈÛ¯˘ÚfiÙÂÚÔ ·fi ÔÔÈ·‰‹ÔÙ ‰È·-ʈӛ· Ô˘ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ·Ó·Î‡„ÂÈ Î·-ıÒ˜ Ë ÂÓÔÔ›ËÛË ÚÔ¯ˆÚ¿. ∏ ÂÌ-

Ê¿ÓÈÛË ÌÈ·˜ ÎÔÈÓ‹˜ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜ Ù·˘-ÙfiÙËÙ·˜ ̤۷ ·fi ÙȘ ÔÈΛϘ ·-Ú·‰fiÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ Û˘ÛÙ·ÙÈÎÒÓ ÔÏÈÙÂÈ-ÒÓ Â›Ó·È ÎÚ›ÓÂÙ·È ÂÍ›ÛÔ˘ ··Ú·›ÙË-ÙË ÁÈ· ÙÔ Û‚·ÛÌfi Ù˘ ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·ÙÈ-΋˜ ·˘ÙÔÓÔÌ›·˜ ÙˆÓ ÂÈ̤ÚÔ˘˜ Â-ıÓÈÎÒÓ ‰‹ÌˆÓ.

∫·ıÒ˜ Ë Â˘Úˆ·˚΋ ÔÏÈÙ›·‰ÂÓ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ·ÔÎÔ› ·fi ÙȘ Â-È̤ÚÔ˘˜ ÂıÓÈΤ˜ Ù·˘ÙfiÙËÙ˜, ˉȷÌfiÚʈÛË ÙÔ˘ ‰ÈÂıÓÈÎÔ‡ ‰‹ÌÔ˘‰ÂÓ Û˘Ì‚·‰›˙ÂÈ Ì ÌÈ· ÌÔÚÊ‹ ÔÏÈ-ÙÈ΋˜ ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜ (civic society) ÛÙËÓÔÔ›· ÔÈ ÚÔ¸¿Ú¯Ô˘Û˜ ÂıÓÈΤ˜Ù·˘ÙfiÙËÙ˜ ·ÊÔÌÔÈÒÓÔÓÙ·È Û ÌÈ·Ó¤· ˘ÂÚÂıÓÈ΋ Ù·˘ÙfiÙËÙ·. ∞ÓÙ›-ıÂÙ·, ÚÔ‚¿ÏÂÈ ÙËÓ ÂÈÎfiÓ· ÌÈ·˜ÔÏ˘ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈ΋˜ Î·È ÏÔ˘Ú·ÏÈ-ÛÙÈ΋˜ ÔÏÈÙ›·˜, ÛÙËÓ ÔÔ›· ÔÛ‡ÓıÂÙÔ˜ ‰‹ÌÔ˜ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÙËÓ ·-Ó·ÌÊÈÛ‚‹ÙËÙË ËÁ‹ ÂÓfiÙËÙ·˜ Ù˘∂∂. «¶ÔÏÏÔ› Ï·Ô›, ¤Ó·˜ ‰‹ÌÔ˜»,Î·È fi¯È «ÔÏÏÔ› ‰‹ÌÔÈ, ¤Ó·˜ Ï·fi˜»,·ÔÙÂÏ› ÙËÓ ÂÈÙÔÌ‹ ÙˆÓ ·Ú·-¿Óˆ. ∞Ó·Áη›· ÁÈ· ÙË ‰È·ÌfiÚʈ-ÛË ÙÔ˘ ‰ÈÂıÓÈÎÔ‡ ‰‹ÌÔ˘ Â›Ó·È Ë ‰Ë-ÌÔÎÚ·ÙÈ΋ ·˘ÙÔÛ˘Ó›‰ËÛË ÙˆÓ Ô-ÏÈÙÒÓ, Ë ›ÛÙË Û ÎÔÈÓ¤˜ ·Í›Â˜ ηÈË ‰ËÌfiÛÈ· ηٷÓfiËÛË Ù˘ ÂÓÔÔÈ-ËÙÈ΋˜ ‰È·‰Èηۛ·˜.

∞˜ ÛÎÈ·ÁÚ·Ê‹ÛÔ˘Ì fï˜ ÌȷηÓÔÓÈÛÙÈ΋ ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛË Ù˘ ¢-Úˆ·˚΋˜ ȉÈfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙÔ˘ ÔÏ›ÙË,ÙÒÚ· Ô˘ Ô ¿Ï·È ÔÙ¤ ÂıÓÔÎÂ-ÓÙÚÈÎfi˜ ‰ÂÛÌfi˜ ÌÂٷ͇ Ù˘ ȉÈfiÙË-Ù·˜ ÙÔ˘ ÔÏ›ÙË Î·È ÙÔ˘ ÂıÓÈÎÔ‡ÎÚ¿ÙÔ˘˜ ‰È·‚ÚÒÓÂÙ·È ÔÏÔ¤Ó· ηÈÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ. ¶·Ú¿ ÙÔ ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ fi-ÙÈ, Û ÁÂÓÈΤ˜ ÁÚ·Ì̤˜, Ë È‰ÈfiÙËÙ·ÙÔ˘ ÔÏ›ÙË Î·ıÈÂÚÒÓÂÈ ÌÈ· ÓÔÌÈο‰È·ÌÔÚʈ̤ÓË, Î·È ¿Ú· Ù¯ÓËÙ‹,ÌÔÚÊ‹ ·ÏÏËÏÂÁÁ‡Ë˜ ÌÂٷ͇ ·Ùfi-ÌˆÓ Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ¿ÏÏÔ˘˜ ‰Â-ÛÌÔ‡˜ ÌÂٷ͇ ÙÔ˘˜, ʤÚÂÈ ¤Ó· ÂÈ-‰ÈÎfi ÔÏÈÙÈÎfi ‚¿ÚÔ˜, ÚÔÛʤÚÔ-ÓÙ·˜ ÛÙÔ˘˜ Ôϛ٘ ÙË ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙË-Ù· Ó· ÂÌÏ·ÎÔ‡Ó ÛÙËÓ ¿ÛÎËÛË Ù˘ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜ ÂÍÔ˘Û›·˜. ™Â ‰ÈÂıÓÈÎfi Â-›Â‰Ô, ‚·ÛÈ΋ ÚÔ¸fiıÂÛË ÁÈ· ÙË

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EYPø¶A´KH EKºPA™H ñ Ù. 50 ñ 3O TPIMHNO 2003

‰ËÌÔÎÚ·ÙÈ΋ ÔÈfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘ ‰È¢ڢ-̤ÓÔ˘ ·˘ÙÔ‡ ‰ËÌfiÛÈÔ˘ ¯ÒÚÔ˘ ·-ÔÙÂÏ› Ë ıÂÛÌÔı¤ÙËÛË Ù˘ «·Ú-ÌÔ‰ÈfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÒÓ»: Ë ıÂ-ÛÌÈ΋ ÙÔ˘˜ ÈηÓfiÙËÙ· Ó· ¤¯Ô˘ÓÚfiÛ‚·ÛË ÛÙÔ ¯ÒÚÔ Ù˘ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜ÂÈÚÚÔ‹˜.

∏ ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·ÙÈ΋ ‰˘Ó·ÌÈ΋ ÙË˜Â˘Úˆ·˚΋˜ ȉÈfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙÔ˘ ÔÏ›ÙËÂ›Ó·È ÈηӋ Ó· ‰È·ÌÔÚÊÒÛÂÈ ¤Ó· ˘-ÂÚÂıÓÈÎfi Û‡ÛÙËÌ· ÔÏÈÙÈÎÒÓ ‰È-ηȈ̿وÓ, ÚÔÛʤÚÔÓÙ·˜ ÛÙÔ˘˜Ôϛ٘ ΛÓËÙÚ· ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Â˘Ú‡ÙÂÚˉ˘Ó·Ù‹ Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙ· ÎÔÈ-Ó¿. ∆Ô ÂÚÒÙËÌ· Â›Ó·È Â¿Ó Ë Û‡ÓıÂ-ÙË ·˘Ù‹ ȉÈfiÙËÙ· Û˘Ó¿ÁÂÙ·È ·-ÏÒ˜ ÌÈ· ·Ó·‰È¿Ù·ÍË ‹‰Ë ˘·Ú-ÎÙÒÓ ‰ÈηȈ̿وÓ, ‹ Â¿Ó ı¤ÙÂÈ ÙȘ‚¿ÛÂȘ ÁÈ· ¤Ó· Ó¤Ô «ÔÏÈÙÂÈ·ÎfiÛ˘Ì‚fiÏ·ÈÔ» ÌÂٷ͇ Ù˘ ∂∂ ηÈÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÒÓ Ù˘. ∂¿Ó, Ì ¿ÏÏ· Ïfi-ÁÈ·, ·Ú¤¯ÂÈ ÙÔ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎfi ÎÂÊ¿-Ï·ÈÔ Î·È ÙÔÓ ‚·ıÌfi «ÔÏÈÙÈÎfiÙË-Ù·˜» (civicness) Ô˘ ··ÈÙÔ‡ÓÙ·ÈÁÈ· ÙË ·Ó¿‰˘ÛË ÙÔ˘ Â˘Úˆ·˚ÎÔ‡‰‹ÌÔ˘, ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÙË ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ·‰È·ÌfiÚʈÛ˘ ÌÈ·˜ Ó¤·˜ ‰ËÌfiÛÈ·˜ÛÊ·›Ú·˜, οÙÈ Ô˘ ··ÈÙ› ÙËÓ ÌÂ-ÙÂͤÏÈÍË ÙÔ˘ ÂıÓÈÎÔ‡ ÔÏ›ÙË Û·ÏÏËÏÂȉÚfiÓÙ· ÔÏ›ÙË ˆ˜ ÌÈ·Ú¿ÍË ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜ ·˘ÙÔÂͤÏÈ͢ ηÈ,ηْ ¤ÎÙ·ÛË, ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·ÙÈ΋˜ ·˘-ÙԉȷÌfiÚʈÛ˘.

°È· Ó· ÚÔ·„ÂÈ ÌÈ· ÎÔÈÓ‹ ¢-Úˆ·˚΋ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ Ù·˘ÙfiÙËÙ· ›ӷȷ·Ú·›ÙËÙË Ë ·ÔÛ‡Ó‰ÂÛË Ù˘ ¢-Úˆ·˚΋˜ ȉÈfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙÔ˘ ÔÏ›ÙË ·-fi ÙÔ «ÂıÓÈÎfi ÚÔ··ÈÙÔ‡ÌÂÓÔ»Î·È Ë ÙÔÔı¤ÙËÛ‹ Ù˘ Û ÌÈ· ·ÓÂ-Í¿ÚÙËÙË ÛÊ·›Ú· ‰ÈηȈ̿وÓ, fi-ˆ˜ Ë Â¤ÎÙ·ÛË ÙÔ˘ ‰ÈηÈÒÌ·ÙÔ˜ÙÔ˘ ÂÎϤÁÂÈÓ Î·È ÂÎϤÁÂÛı·È ÛÙȘÂıÓÈΤ˜ ÂÎÏÔÁ¤˜ ÁÈ· ÙÔ˘˜ ÔÏ›Ù˜Ù˘ ∂∂ Ô˘ ηÙÔÈÎÔ‡Ó ÌfiÓÈÌ· Û¤ӷ ÎÚ¿ÙÔ˜-̤ÏÔ˜ ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎfi ·-fi ÙÔ ‰ÈÎfi ÙÔ˘˜, Ë ıÂÛÌÔı¤ÙËÛËÙÔ˘ ‰ÈηÈÒÌ·Ùfi˜ ÙÔ˘˜ Ó· ÂÓËÌÂ-ÚÒÓÔÓÙ·È Á‡Úˆ ·fi fiÏ· Ù· ÎÚ›ÛÈ-Ì· ˙ËÙ‹Ì·Ù· Ô˘ ·ÊÔÚÔ‡Ó ÙËÓ

∂∂, Ë Î·ÙÔ¯‡ÚˆÛË ÙÔ˘ ‰ÈηÈÒÌ·-ÙÔ˜ ÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÒÓ Ó· η٤¯Ô˘Ó ‰Ë-ÌfiÛÈ· ·ÍÈÒÌ·Ù· ÛÙËÓ ÂÈÎÚ¿ÙÂÈ·Ù˘ ∂∂, Ô ÂÌÏÔ˘ÙÈÛÌfi˜ ÙˆÓ ÎÔÈ-ÓˆÓÈÎÔ-ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈÎÒÓ Î·È ÂÚÁ·ÛÈ·-ÎÒÓ ‰ÈÎ·ÈˆÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÙÔ˘˜, Î·È Ë ·Ó·-ÁÓÒÚÈÛË ÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÈÎÒÓ ‰ÈηȈ̿-ÙˆÓ Û ˘ËÎfiÔ˘˜ ÙÚ›ÙˆÓ ¯ˆÚÒÓÔ˘ ‰È·Ì¤ÓÔ˘Ó ÓfiÌÈÌ· Û ¤Ó· ÎÚ¿-ÙÔ˜-̤ÏÔ˜.

Àԉ›ÁÌ·Ù·¢È·Î˘‚¤ÚÓËÛ˘

∏Â›Ï˘ÛË ÙÔ˘ ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·ÙÈÎÔ‡ ÂÏ-Ï›ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ··ÈÙ› ¤Ó· ÛËÌ·-

ÓÙÈÎfi ‚·ıÌfi Û˘Ìʈӛ·˜ Û ›Â-‰Ô ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜ Û¯ÂÙÈο Ì ÙÔ Â›‰Ô˜ÙÔ˘ ˘Ô‰Â›ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜ ‰È·Î˘‚¤ÚÓËÛË˜Ô˘ ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ˘ÈÔıÂÙ‹ÛÂÈ Ë ∂∂.ª¤¯ÚÈ Û‹ÌÂÚ·, ·Ú¿ ÙȘ ‰È·‰Ô¯È-Τ˜ ·Ó·ıˆڋÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ ™˘ÓıËÎÒÓ,‰ÂÓ ˘‹ÚÍÂ Ë ÔÏ˘fiıËÙË Û˘Ó·›-ÓÂÛË Á‡Úˆ ·fi ÙË ÌÂÏÏÔÓÙÈ΋ÌÔÚÊ‹ ÔÏÈÙÂȷ΋˜ ÔÚÁ¿ÓˆÛ˘Ù˘ ∂∂. ∆· ˘Ô‰Â›ÁÌ·Ù· Ô˘ ·ÎÔ-ÏÔ˘ıÔ‡Ó Â›Ó·È Ù· ÂÍ‹˜: ÙÔ ÎÔÈÓÔ-‚Ô˘Ï¢ÙÈÎfi, ÙÔ Û˘ÓÔÌÔÛÔӉȷÎfi,ÙÔ ÔÌÔÛÔӉȷÎfi Î·È ÙÔ Û˘Ó·ÈÓÂÙÈ-Îfi.

∆Ô ∫ÔÈÓÔ‚Ô˘Ï¢ÙÈÎfi Àfi‰ÂÈÁÌ·

∆Ô ˘fi‰ÂÈÁÌ· ·˘Ùfi ÂÛÙÈ¿˙ÂÈ ÛÙÔÚfiÏÔ ÙˆÓ ÎÔÈÓÔ‚Ô˘Ï›ˆÓ ˆ˜ ΢-

Ú›·Ú¯ˆÓ ÓÔÌÔıÂÙÈÎÒÓ ÔÚÁ¿ÓˆÓ.∫·ıÔÚÈÛÙÈ΋˜ ÛËÌ·Û›·˜ ·ÔÙÂÏ››Û˘ Ë Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘˜ Û ¤Ó··ÓÙÈÚÔÛˆÂ˘ÙÈÎfi Î·È ÏÂÈÔ„ËÊÈ-Îfi Û‡ÛÙËÌ· ‰È·Î˘‚¤ÚÓËÛ˘ Ô˘ Â-ÈÙÚ¤ÂÈ ÛÙËÓ ÂÎÙÂÏÂÛÙÈ΋ ÂÍÔ˘-Û›· Ó· ΢‚ÂÚÓ¿ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈο.∂ÈÎÂÓÙÚÒÓÂÙ·È Û ÔÚÈṲ̂ӷ ÁÓˆ-Ú›ÛÌ·Ù· Ô˘ Û˘Ó‰¤ÔÓÙ·È Ì ÙÔ Ô-ÏÈÙÈÎfi Û‡ÛÙËÌ· Ù˘ ∂∂: ÛÙËÓ Â-ÚÈÔÚÈṲ̂ÓË ¯Ú‹ÛË Ù˘ ÂȉÈ΋˜ÏÂÈÔ„ËÊ›·˜, ÛÙÔ ÚfiÏÔ ÙÔ˘ ∂∫ÛÙËÓ ÓÔÌÔ·Ú·ÁˆÁÈ΋ ‰È·‰Èηۛ·(΢ڛˆ˜ ̤ۈ Ù˘ Û˘Ó·fiÊ·Û˘),

Î·È ÛÙË ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ· ÙˆÓ ÂıÓÈÎÒÓÎÔÈÓÔ‚Ô˘Ï›ˆÓ Ó· ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÔ‡ÓÙËÓ ÔÚ›· ÙÔ˘ ÓÔÌÔıÂÙÈÎÔ‡ ¤Ú-ÁÔ˘ Ù˘ ∂∂. ¶·Ú¿ fï˜ ÙËÓ ‡·Ú-ÍË ÔÚÈṲ̂ӈÓ, ·Ó Î·È ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎÒÓ,ÎÔÈÓÔ‚Ô˘Ï¢ÙÈÎÒÓ ÁÓˆÚÈÛÌ¿ÙˆÓÛÙËÓ ∂∂, ‰ÂÓ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ÈÛ¯˘ÚÈÛÙ›ηÓ›˜ fiÙÈ Ë ∂∂ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ¤Ó· ÎÔÈ-ÓÔ‚Ô˘Ï¢ÙÈÎfi Û‡ÛÙËÌ· per se, η-ıÒ˜ ‰ÂÓ ÛÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ·Ú¯‹ Ù˘‰È¿ÎÚÈÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ÂÍÔ˘ÛÈÒÓ, Ô‡Ù fi-̈˜ Î·È Û ÌÈ· Û·Ê‹ ÈÂÚ¿Ú¯ËÛËÙ˘ ÓÔÌÔıÂÙÈ΋˜ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›·˜ ÌÂ-ٷ͇ ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎÒÓ ‰ÔÌÒÓ ‰È·Î˘-‚¤ÚÓËÛ˘.

∞Ó·ÌÊ›‚ÔÏ·, Ë Î·ıȤڈÛË ÂÓfi˜Â˘Úˆ·˚ÎÔ‡ ÎÔÈÓÔ‚Ô˘Ï¢ÙÈÎÔ‡ Û˘-ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ¤¯ÂÈ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈΤ˜ Û˘Ó¤-ÂȘ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ ÓÔÌÈÌÔÔ›Ë-ÛË Ù˘ ∂∂, ÛÙÔ fiÙÈ Ë ÏÂÈÔ„ËÊÈ΋·Ú¯‹ ı· ÂÂÎÙ›ÓÔÓÙ·Ó Û fiÏÔ˘˜ÙÔ˘˜ ÎÚ›ÛÈÌÔ˘˜ ¯ÒÚÔ˘˜ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜Ù˘ ∂∂, fiˆ˜ ÁÈ· ·Ú¿‰ÂÈÁÌ· Ë∫ÔÈÓ‹ ∂͈ÙÂÚÈ΋ ¶ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ Î·È ¶Ô-ÏÈÙÈ΋ ∞ÛÊ¿ÏÂÈ·˜. ∏ ÂÈÙ˘¯‹˜ fi-̈˜ ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÎÔÈÓÔ‚Ô˘Ï¢ÙÈ-ÎÔ‡ ˘Ô‰Â›ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÚÔ¸Ôı¤ÙÂÈ ÌÂÙË ÛÂÈÚ¿ ÙÔ˘ ÌÈ· ÂÏ¿¯ÈÛÙË ¤ÛÙˆ,·ÏÏ¿ ‰È·ÎÚÈÙ‹, ÌÔÚÊ‹ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈ΋˜ÂÓfiÙËÙ·˜, Ë ÔÔ›· Ó· ÂÈÙÚ¤ÂÈÛÙË ÌÂÈÔ„ËÊ›· Ó· ·Ô‰¤¯ÂÙ·È ÙȘÏÂÈÔ„ËÊÈΤ˜ ·ÔÊ¿ÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ ÎÂ-ÓÙÚÈÎÒÓ ıÂÛÌÒÓ. ¢Â‰Ô̤Ó˘, ¤ÙÛÈ,Ù˘ ‰È·Û·Ṳ̂Ó˘ ʇÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÛÒ-Ì·ÙÔ˜ ÙˆÓ Â˘Úˆ·›ˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÒÓ, ›-Ó·È ÂÌÊ·Ó¤˜ fiÙÈ Û‹ÌÂÚ· ·Ô˘ÛÈ¿-˙ÂÈ ÌÈ· Ù¤ÙÔÈÔ˘ ›‰Ô˘˜ ÂÓfiÙËÙ·, ÌÂÙËÓ ÏÂÈÔ„ËÊÈ΋ ·Ú¯‹ Ó· ÂÊ·ÚÌfi-˙ÂÙ·È Û ¯ÒÚÔ˘˜ Û˘ÏÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ‰Ú¿-Û˘ Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂ-ÓÔ ¤ÓÙÔÓˆÓ ‰È·ÊˆÓÈÒÓ ÌÂÙ·Í‡ÙˆÓ Û˘ÛÙ·ÙÈÎÒÓ ÎÚ·ÙÒÓ, ‰ËÏ·‰‹Û ÙÔÌ›˜ Ô˘ ÔÈ Î˘‚ÂÚÓ‹ÛÂȘ ÚÔ-ÙÈÌÔ‡Ó Ó· ‰Ô˘Ó Û˘ÏÏÔÁÈ΋ ÚfiÔ‰Ô·fi ÙÔ Ó· ÂÌÌ›ÓÔ˘Ó ÛÙ· ÂıÓÈοÙÔ˘˜ ÚÔÓfiÌÈ·. °È· ·Ú¿‰ÂÈÁÌ·, ÔÈÛËÌ·ÓÙÈΤ˜ ·ÔÊ¿ÛÂȘ Û¯ÂÙÈο ÌÂÙË Û˘ÓÙ·ÁÌ·ÙÈ΋ ÌÂÙ·ÚÚ‡ıÌÈÛËÙ˘ ∂∂ ÂÍ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÔ‡Ó Ó· ‚·Û›˙Ô-

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ÓÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ·Ú¯‹ Ù˘ ÔÌÔʈӛ·˜, Â-ÓÒ fiÙ·Ó ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ÏÂÈÔ„ËÊÈ-Τ˜ ·ÔÊ¿ÛÂȘ, ˘fiÎÂÈÓÙ·È Û˘Ó‹-ıˆ˜ ÛÙËÓ ÂÓ ÔÏÏÔ›˜ ‰È·Î˘‚ÂÚÓË-ÙÈ΋ ÏÔÁÈ΋ ÙÔ˘ «ÂÏ¿¯ÈÛÙÔ˘ ÎÔÈÓÔ‡·Ú·ÓÔÌ·ÛÙ‹».

∞fi ÙËÓ ¿ÏÏË ÏÂ˘Ú¿, ÔÈ ˘Ô-ÛÙËÚÈÎÙ¤˜ ÙÔ˘ ÎÔÈÓÔ‚Ô˘Ï¢ÙÈÎÔ‡˘Ô‰Â›ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜ ˘ÔÁÚ·ÌÌ›˙Ô˘Ó ÙËÛËÌ·Û›· ÙÔ˘ ¤ÌÌÂÛÔ˘ ÂϤÁ¯Ô˘ÙÔ˘ ‰‹ÌÔ˘ › Ù˘ Â˘Úˆ·˚΋˜ ÓÔ-ÌÔıÂÛ›·˜ ̤ۈ Ù˘ ‡·Ú͢ ÂÓfi˜Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ «ÂϤÁ¯Ô˘ Î·È ÈÛÔÚÚÔ-ÈÒÓ», ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ÂÍ·ÛÊ·Ï›˙ÂÈ Ë Ô-ÏÈÙÈ΋ ‰È·‚ԇϢÛË ÛÙȘ ÔÏÔ̤ÏÂÈ-˜ ÙˆÓ ÎÔÈÓÔ‚Ô˘Ï›ˆÓ Î·È ÛÙȘ ÂȉÈ-Τ˜ ÎÔÈÓÔ‚Ô˘Ï¢ÙÈΤ˜ ÂÈÙÚÔ¤˜.∆Ô ÏÂÔÓ¤ÎÙËÌ· ÙÔ˘ ˘Ô‰Â›ÁÌ·-ÙÔ˜ ·˘ÙÔ‡, Â¿Ó ÂÈÎÚ·Ù‹ÛÂÈ ÌÂÏ-ÏÔÓÙÈο ÛÙÔ ÔÏÈÙÈÎfi Û‡ÛÙËÌ· Ù˘∂∂, Â›Ó·È fiÙÈ ı· ¤ÙÚ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ¿-ÌÂÛ· ÂÎÏÂÁ̤ÓÔ˘˜ ·ÓÙÈÚÔÛÒ-Ô˘˜ ÙÔ˘ Â˘Úˆ·˚ÎÔ‡ ‰‹ÌÔ˘ ¤Ó·ÈÔ Ô˘ÛÈ·ÛÙÈÎfi ÚfiÏÔ ÛÙË ‰È·‰Èη-Û›· Ï‹„˘ ·ÔÊ¿ÛˆÓ, ÂÓÈÛ¯‡Ô-ÓÙ·˜ ÙËÓ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ ÓÔÌÈÌÔÔ›ËÛËÙ˘ ∂∂.

∆Ô ™˘ÓÔÌÔÛÔӉȷÎfiÀfi‰ÂÈÁÌ·

∏Û˘ÓÔÌÔÛÔÓ‰›· ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È΢ڛˆ˜ Û ÌÈ· ‰È·‰Èηۛ· Û˘-

Ó¤ÓˆÛ˘ ÚÔËÁÔ˘Ì¤Óˆ˜ ·ÓÂÍ¿Ú-ÙËÙˆÓ ÎÚ·ÙÒÓ, ¯ˆÚ›˜ Ó· ¯¿ÓÔ˘ÓÙËÓ ÂıÓÈ΋ ÙÔ˘˜ Ù·˘ÙfiÙËÙ· ‹ ΢-ÚÈ·Ú¯›·. ™Â Â›Â‰Ô ∂∂, ÙÔ Û˘ÓÔ-ÌÔÛÔӉȷÎfi ÚfiÙ˘Ô ÂÛÙÈ¿˙ÂÈÛÙ· ‰È·Î˘‚ÂÚÓËÙÈο ÛÙÔȯ›· ÙÔ˘Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜, ÙÔÓ›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ fiÙÈ ·˘ÙfiÂÍ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› Ó· ÛÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ·È Û ¤Ó·Û‡ÓÔÏÔ ¢ÈÂıÓÒÓ ™˘ÓıËÎÒÓ Î·È fi¯ÈÛ ¤Ó· ÂÓÈ·›Ô ™‡ÓÙ·ÁÌ·. ÀÔÛÙË-Ú›˙ÂÈ Ì¿ÏÈÛÙ· fiÙÈ Ë ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·Ù›·ÛÙËÓ ∂∂ Â͢ËÚÂÙÂ›Ù·È Î·Ï‡ÙÂÚ·Ì ÙË ‰È·ÌfiÚʈÛË ÌÈ·˜ ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·-ÙÈ΋˜ ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜ ΢ڛ·Ú¯ˆÓ ÎÚ·-ÙÒÓ, ·Ú¿ Ì ÙË ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›· ÌÈ·˜Ó¤·˜ Â˘Úˆ·˚΋˜ ÔÏÈÙ›·˜ Ë Ô-

Ô›· ‰È·ı¤ÙÂÈ ÙË ‰È΋ Ù˘ Û˘ÓÙ·ÎÙÈ-΋ ÂÍÔ˘Û›· ηÈ, ¿Ú·, ÙÔ ‰ÈÎfi Ù˘ÔÏÈÙÈÎfi ‰‹ÌÔ. ∂›Û˘, ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆ-›˙ÂÈ ÙËÓ ÂÓÔÔ›ËÛË ˆ˜ ÌÈ· ‰È·-ÎÚ·ÙÈ΋ ˘fiıÂÛË Î·È Â˘ÓÔ› Ùˉȿ¯˘ÛË Ù˘ ÈÛ¯‡Ô˜ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ÎÚ¿ÙË·Ú¿ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÎÔÈÓÔ‡˜ ıÂÛÌÔ‡˜ ‹ Û¤ӷ Ó¤Ô ÔÏÈÙÈÎfi «Î¤ÓÙÚÔ». ∆Ô ÙÂ-ÏÈÎfi ÚÔ˚fiÓ ·›ÚÓÂÈ ÙË ÌÔÚÊ‹ Â-Ófi˜ «ÔÏÈÙÈÎÔ‡ ÛÒÌ·ÙÔ˜ ‚¿ÛÂÈÛ˘Óı‹Î˘», Ì ÙËÓ ÙÂÏÈ΋ ¢ı‡ÓËÓ· ·Ó‹ÎÂÈ ÛÙ· ÎÚ¿ÙË Î·È fi¯È Û ÌÈ··ÓÂÍ¿ÚÙËÙË ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ ÔÓÙfiÙËÙ·.

∏ Û˘ÓÔÌÔÛÔÓ‰›· ·›ÚÓÂÈ ÙËÌÔÚÊ‹ ÂÓfi˜ «ÂӉȿÌÂÛÔ˘ ¯ÒÚÔ˘»ÌÂٷ͇ Û˘Ì‚·ÙÈÎÒÓ ÂÓ‰ÔÎÚ·ÙÈÎÒÓÎ·È ‰È·ÎÚ·ÙÈÎÒÓ Û¯¤ÛˆÓ, Ì ٷ̤ÚË Ô˘ ÙËÓ ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó Ó· ‰È·ÙË-ÚÔ‡Ó ÙÔ ‰Èη›ˆÌ· ÛÙË ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·ÙÈ-΋ ·˘ÙÔ‰ÈÔ›ÎËÛË. ∞˘Ùfi ÛËÌ·›ÓÂÈ fi-ÙÈ Ë ÂÓÔÔ›ËÛË ‰ÂÓ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÌÈ·Ï‹ÚË ¤ÓˆÛË ÛÙËÓ ÔÔ›· οÔÈ· ‹fiÏ· Ù· ÎÚ¿ÙË ̄ ¿ÓÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ Ù·˘ÙfiÙË-Ù¿ ÙÔ˘˜. ∆Ô Î‡ÚÈÔ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈÎfiÙ˘ Û˘ÓÔÌÔÛÔÓ‰›·˜ Â›Ó·È fiÙÈ ·-Ú¤¯ÂÈ ÛÙ· ÎÚ¿ÙË ÙË ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ· Ó·ÂÈÙ‡¯Ô˘Ó ·ÌÔÈ‚·›· ˆÊÂÏ‹ ·Ô-ÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù·, ¯ˆÚ›˜ Ó· ·Ó·Áη-ÛÙÔ‡Ó Ó· ÚÔ‚Ô‡Ó ÛÙË ı¤ÛÈÛËÌÈ·˜ ÂÓÈ·›·˜ ÔÌÔÛÔӉȷ΋˜ ΢-‚¤ÚÓËÛ˘.

∏ ȉ¤· Ù˘ ηٷÓÔÌ‹˜ Ù˘ ÔÏÈ-ÙÈ΋˜ ÂÍÔ˘Û›·˜ ÛÙËÓ ∂∂ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì-‚¿ÓÂÈ ÙË Û˘Ó‰È·¯Â›ÚÈÛË Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ-Ì¤ÓˆÓ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÈÎÒÓ ¯ÒÚˆÓ, ·-Ú·¤ÌÔÓÙ·˜, ÛÙË Ï¤ÔÓ ÚÔˆıË-̤ÓË ÂΉԯ‹ Ù˘, Û ÌÈ· ÌÔÚÊ‹Û˘Á΢ÚÈ·Ú¯›·˜ ‹ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜ Û˘Ó-‰È¿ıÂÛ˘. ∞Ó Î·È ÙÔ ÎÏ·ÛÛÈÎfi Û˘-ÓÔÌÔÛÔӉȷÎfi ÚfiÙ˘Ô ÂÚÈÏ·Ì-‚¿ÓÂÈ ¤Ó· ¢ڇ Ê¿ÛÌ· ıÂÛÌÈÎÒÓ‰˘Ó·ÙÔًوÓ, Ë Â˘Ú‡ÙÂÚË, Û‡ÓıÂ-ÙË ÔÏÈÙ›· ÛÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈ-ο ÛÙȘ ‰È·ÎÚÈÙ¤˜ Û˘ÓÙ·ÁÌ·ÙÈΤ˜Ù¿ÍÂȘ ÙˆÓ ÎÚ·ÙÒÓ-ÌÂÏÒÓ, Ù· Ô-Ô›·, ÂÍ·ÈÙ›·˜ Ù˘ ΢ÚÈ·Ú¯È΋˜ ʇ-Û˘ ÙÔ˘˜, ‰ÚÔ˘Ó ˆ˜ «∫‡ÚÈÔÈ ÙˆÓ™˘ÓıËÎÒÓ». ∆Ô ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ fiÙÈ ÔÈ ·-Ó·ıˆڋÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ ™˘ÓıËÎÒÓ ÛÙËÓ

∂∂ ··ÈÙÔ‡Ó ÔÌÔʈӛ· ÈÛ¯˘ÚÔ-ÔÈ› ÙË ı¤ÛË ·˘Ù‹, fiˆ˜ Î·È ÙÔ fi-ÙÈ Ù· Û˘ÛÙ·ÙÈο ÎÚ¿ÙË ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡ÓÙË ‚·ÛÈ΋ ËÁ‹ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜ ÓÔÌÈÌÔ-Ô›ËÛ˘ Ù˘ ∂∂. ∂‰Ò, Ë ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒ-ÈÛË ÙÔ˘ ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·ÙÈÎÔ‡ Ù˘ ÂÏ-Ï›ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ ÙËÓ ÂÎÙÂ-ٷ̤ÓË Î·È ·ÔÊ·ÛÈÛÙÈ΋ Û˘ÌÌÂ-ÙÔ¯‹ ÙˆÓ ÂıÓÈÎÒÓ ‰ÔÌÒÓ ‰È·Î˘-‚¤ÚÓËÛ˘ ÙfiÛÔ ÛÙÔÓ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô fiÛÔÎ·È ÛÙÔÓ Î·ıÔÚÈÛÌfi ÙÔ˘ ‡ÚÔ˘˜·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ÂȤ‰Ô˘ Ù˘ ÂÓÔÔÈ-ËÙÈ΋˜ ‰È·‰Èηۛ·˜.

∆Ô √ÌÔÛÔӉȷÎfi Àfi‰ÂÈÁÌ·

∆Ô ˘fi‰ÂÈÁÌ· ·˘Ùfi ·Ô‚ϤÂÈÛÙËÓ ‰È·ÌfiÚʈÛË ÌÈ·˜ ¤ÓˆÛ˘

Ï·ÒÓ, Î·È fi¯È ÎÚ·ÙÒÓ, Û ¤Ó· Û‡Ó-ıÂÙÔ ÔÏÈÙÈÎfi ÛÒÌ·. √È ÌÂÏÂÙËÙ¤˜Ù˘ ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ ¿Ô-„Ë fiÙÈ Ë ÔÌÔÛÔӉȷ΋ Ú·ÎÙÈ΋,ÂÓÈÛ¯‡ÔÓÙ·˜ ÙËÓ ‰È¿¯˘ÛË Ù˘ Ô-ÏÈÙÈ΋˜ ÂÍÔ˘Û›·˜ ÛÙ· ̤ÚË, ÌÂÙÚÈ¿-˙ÂÈ ÙȘ ÙÌËÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ·ÓÙÈ·Ú·ı¤ÛÂÈ˜Î·È ÚÔÛʤÚÂÈ Â˘Ú‡ÙÂÚ˜ ‰˘Ó·Ùfi-ÙËÙ˜ «ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜ ÂÎÌ¿ıËÛ˘», ο-ÙÈ Ô˘ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÚÔ¸fiıÂÛË ÁÈ·ÙËÓ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎÔÔ›ËÛË ÙˆÓ ÌÂÈÔÓÔ-Ù‹ÙˆÓ Û ÌÈ· Û‡ÓıÂÙË ÔÏÈÙÂÈ·Î‹Û˘Ó›‰ËÛË. ∞fi Â‰Ò ·ÔÚÚ¤ÂÈ ¿Ï-ψÛÙÂ Î·È Ë ÛËÌ·Û›· ÙˆÓ Û˘ÓÙ·Á-Ì·ÙÈÎÒÓ ÂÁÁ˘‹ÛÂˆÓ Ô˘ ÂÈÙÚ¤-Ô˘Ó Û οı ÔÌfiÛÔÓ‰Ë ÔÏÈÙ›·Ó· ·ÓÙÈÚÔۈ‡ÂÙ·È Û ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎfi›‰Ô, ¯ˆÚ›˜ fï˜ Ó· ÂËÚ¿-˙ÂÙ·È Ë Û˘ÓÔÏÈ΋ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈÎfi-ÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ‹ Ó· ·ÌÊÈ-Û‚ËÙÂ›Ù·È Ë ÓÔÌÈÌÔÔ›ËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘.

∆Ô ÔÌÔÛÔӉȷÎfi Û‡ÛÙËÌ· ÛÙÔ-¯Â‡ÂÈ ÛÙËÓ Î·ıȤڈÛË ÂÓfi˜ ‰ËÌÔ-ÎÚ·ÙÈÎÔ‡ Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·ÙÈÎÔ‡ ‹ıÔ˘˜ ÛÙȘۯ¤ÛÂȘ ÌÂٷ͇ ÙÔ˘ ΤÓÙÚÔ˘ ηÈÙˆÓ ÌÂÚÒÓ. ¶ÚÔÛ·ı› Ó· Û˘Ì‚È-‚¿ÛÂÈ Ù· ·Ú¿ÏÏËÏ· ·ÈÙ‹Ì·Ù· ÁÈ·Â˘Ú‡ÙÂÚË ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ ¤ÓˆÛË ÙÔ˘ fi-ÏÔ˘, ‰È·Ê˘Ï¿ÛÛÔÓÙ·˜ ·Ú΋ Û˘-ÓÙ·ÁÌ·ÙÈο ¯¤ÁÁ˘· ÁÈ· ÙÌËÌ·ÙÈ-΋ ·˘ÙÔÓÔÌ›·, Ì ÛÎÔfi Ó· ÂÈÙ‡-

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EYPø¶A´KH EKºPA™H ñ Ù. 50 ñ 3O TPIMHNO 2003

¯ÂÈ ÙËÓ «ÂÓfiÙËÙ· ¯ˆÚ›˜ ÔÌÔÈÔÌÔÚ-Ê›·» Î·È ÙË «‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ¯ˆ-Ú›˜ ·Ó·Ú¯›·». ŒÓ·˜ ÙÚfiÔ˜ ηٷ-ÓfiËÛ˘ Ù˘ ÔÌÔÛÔÓ‰›·˜ ÙË ı¤ÏÂȈ˜ ÌÈ· ˙ˆÓÙ·Ó‹, ÏËÓ fï˜ ÏÔ˘-Ú·ÏÈÛÙÈ΋ Î·È ·ÔÎÂÓÙڈ̤ÓË Ô-ÏÈÙÈ΋ Ù¿ÍË ËÓ ÔÔ›· ÔÈÎÔ‰ÔÌ›ٷȫ·fi ÙË ‚¿ÛË ÚÔ˜ Ù· ¿Óˆ», ·-Ó·‰ÂÈÎÓ‡ÔÓÙ·˜ ¤ÙÛÈ ÙË ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·ÙÈ-΋ ·ÓÙÈÚÔÛÒ¢ÛË ÙfiÛÔ ÙÔ˘ ÂÓÈ-·›Ô˘ ÔÌÔÛÔӉȷÎÔ‡ ‰‹ÌÔ˘ fiÛÔÎ·È ÙˆÓ ÂÈ̤ÚÔ˘˜ Û˘ÛÙ·ÙÈÎÒÓ ‰‹-ÌˆÓ ˆ˜ ÙÔÓ Î·ıÔÚÈÛÙÈÎfi ·Ú¿ÁÔ-ÓÙ· Ô˘ ÂÈÙÚ¤ÂÈ ÙËÓ ¤ÎÊÚ·ÛËÙÔÈÎÒÓ Î·È ÌË ··ÈÙ‹ÛˆÓ.

ªÂٷʤÚÔÓÙ·˜ ÙÔ ÔÌÔÛÔÓ-‰È·Îfi ˘fi‰ÂÈÁÌ· ÛÙËÓ ∂∂, ÌÈ· Û˘-¯Ó‹ ÎÚÈÙÈ΋ Â›Ó·È fiÙÈ ÂÈÎÂÓÙÚÒÓÂ-Ù·È ÛÙËÓ È‰¤· ÌÈ·˜ ÎÂÓÙÚÈ΋˜ Û˘-ÓÙ·ÁÌ·ÙÈ΋˜ ‰È¢ı¤ÙËÛ˘ ηÈÛÙËÓ ·Ó¿ÁÎË ÁÈ· ÌÈ· Û·Ê‹ Î·È ÈÂ-Ú·Ú¯Ë̤ÓË Î·Ù·ÓÔÌ‹ ÙˆÓ ·ÚÌÔ-‰ÈÔÙ‹ÙˆÓ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÔÏÈÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ıÂ-ÛÌÔ‡˜ ÂÓfi˜ ÔÏ˘Â›Â‰Ô˘ Û˘-ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ‰È·Î˘‚¤ÚÓËÛ˘. ªÂ ÙÔÓÙÚfiÔ ·˘Ùfi, fï˜, ·ÁÓÔ› ÙËÓ ÂÁ-ÁÂÓ‹ ‰˘Ó·ÌÈ΋ Ù˘ ÂÓÔÔ›ËÛË˜Î·È ÙËÓ ÔÏ˘ÏÔÎfiÙËÙ· Ù˘ ηٷ-ÓÔÌ‹˜ ÓÔÌÔıÂÙÈÎÒÓ Î·È ÂÏÂÁÎÙÈ-ÎÒÓ ·ÚÌÔ‰ÈÔÙ‹ÙˆÓ ÛÙÔ È‰ÈfiÙ˘Ô,ÏËÓ fï˜ ·ÎfiÌË ÎÚ·ÙÈÎÔÎÂÓÙÚÈ-Îfi, ÔÏÈÙÈÎfi Û‡ÛÙËÌ· Ù˘ ∂∂. ∏‰È·ÌfiÚʈÛË ÌÈ·˜ Ù˘ÈÎÔ‡ ¯·Ú·-ÎÙ‹Ú· Â˘Úˆ·˚΋˜ ÔÌÔÛÔÓ‰›·˜ÚÔ¸Ôı¤ÙÂÈ, ›Û˘, ÙË ‰ËÌÈÔ˘Ú-Á›· Ó¤·˜ ΢ÚÈ·Ú¯›·˜ Û ˘„ËÏfiÙÂ-ÚÔ Â›Â‰Ô. ™ÙȘ ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·ÙÈΤ˜ È-‰ÈfiÙËÙ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÔÌÔÛÔӉȷÎÔ‡ Û˘-ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ Û˘ÁηٷϤÁÂÙ·È Î·È Ë«Û˘ÓÙ·ÎÙÈ΋ ÂÍÔ˘Û›·» ÙÔ˘ ‰‹ÌÔ˘,οÙÈ Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ ·Ú·ÙËÚÂ›Ù·È ·ÎfiÌËÛÙËÓ ∂∂. ∫·ıÒ˜ ·Ô˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ Û‹-ÌÂÚ· ¤Ó·˜ Â˘Úˆ·˚Îfi˜ ‰‹ÌÔ˜, ›-Ó·È ‰‡ÛÎÔÏÔ Ó· Ê·ÓÙ·ÛÙ› ηÓ›˜ÙËÓ ÌÂÙ¿‚·ÛË Ù˘ ∂∂ Û ¤Ó· ÔÌÔ-ÛÔӉȷÎfi ÔÏÈÙÈÎfi Û‡ÛÙËÌ· ηÈ,ηْ ¤ÎÙ·ÛË, ·fi ¤Ó· ηıÂÛÙÒ˜Û˘Ó‰È·¯Â›ÚÈÛ˘ Û ÌÈ· Û˘ÓÂÎÙÈ΋ÔÏÈÙ›·.

∆Ô ™˘Ó·ÈÓÂÙÈÎfi Àfi‰ÂÈÁÌ·

∆Ô ˘fi‰ÂÈÁÌ· ·˘Ùfi ¤¯ÂÈ ¯ÚËÛÈ-ÌÔÔÈËı› ÁÈ· Ó· ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆÈ-

ÛÙ› Ë ·Ó¿ÁÎË ÛÙ·ıÂÚ‹˜ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜‰È·Î˘‚¤ÚÓËÛ˘ Û ÔÏÈÙ›˜ ÌÂÛËÌ·ÓÙÈΤ˜ ‰È·ÈÚÂÙÈΤ˜ ÙÔ̤˜. ∂È-‰ÈÒÎÂÈ ÙË ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›· ÌÈ·˜ Û‡ÓıÂ-Ù˘ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜ ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ·˜, ÔÈ ıÂ-ÛÌÔ› Ù˘ ÔÔ›·˜ Â›Ó·È Û ı¤ÛË Ó·ÚÔÛٷهÛÔ˘Ó Ù· ‰ÈηÈÒÌ·Ù·ÙˆÓ ÌÂÈÔÓÔًوÓ. ™‡Ìʈӷ ÌÂÙÔÓ Lijphart, ¤Ó· Û˘Ó·ÈÓÂÙÈÎfi Û‡-ÛÙËÌ· ·ÔÙÂÏÂ›Ù·È ·fi Ù¤ÛÛÂÚ·‚·ÛÈο ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈο: «ÌÂÁ¿ÏËÛ˘ÌÌ·¯›·», ÙÌËÌ·ÙÈ΋ ·˘ÙÔÓÔÌ›·,·Ó·ÏÔÁÈÎfiÙËÙ· Î·È ‰Èη›ˆÌ· ·ÌÔÈ-‚·›·˜ ·ÚÓËÛÈ΢ڛ·˜.1 ∏ ÌÂÁ¿ÏËÛ˘ÌÌ·¯›· ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÙÔ ıÂÛÌÈÎfiÏ·›ÛÈÔ ÛÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·È ÔÈ·ÔÊ¿ÛÂȘ ·fi ÙȘ ËÁÂÙÈΤ˜ ÔÌ¿-‰Â˜. ∏ ·Ú¯‹ Ù˘ ·Ó·ÏÔÁÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ÛËÌ·›ÓÂÈ fiÙÈ fiϘ ÔÈ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈΤ˜‰˘Ó¿ÌÂȘ ·ÓÙÈÚÔۈ‡ÔÓÙ·ÈÛÙÔ˘˜ ÎÔÈÓÔ‡˜ ıÂÛÌÔ‡˜, Ì ÙÚfiÔÔ˘ ·ÓÙÈηÙÔÙÚ›˙ÂÈ ÙÔ Ì¤ÁÂıfi˜ÙÔ˘˜. ∏ ÙÌËÌ·ÙÈ΋ ·˘ÙÔÓÔÌ›· ‰Ë-ÏÒÓÂÈ ˆ˜ οı ËÁÂÙÈ΋ ÔÌ¿‰· ¤-¯ÂÈ ‰Èη›ˆÌ· Ó· Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ ·ÔÊ¿-ÛÂȘ ÁÈ· ı¤Ì·Ù· Ô˘ ¿ÙÔÓÙ·È ÙˆÓ˙ˆÙÈÎÒÓ Û˘ÌÊÂÚfiÓÙˆÓ ÙˆÓ ˘Ô-ÌÔÓ¿‰ˆÓ Ô˘ ÂÎÚÔۈ›. ∆Ô ‰È-η›ˆÌ· Ù˘ ·ÌÔÈ‚·›·˜ ·ÚÓËÛÈ΢-Ú›·˜ ÛËÌ·›ÓÂÈ ˆ˜ ÁÈ· ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈΤ˜·ÔÊ¿ÛÂȘ ··ÈÙÂ›Ù·È ÔÌfiʈÓË ¤-ÁÎÚÈÛË ÙˆÓ ËÁÂÙÈÎÒÓ ÔÌ¿‰ˆÓ Ô˘ÂÎÚÔÛˆÔ‡ÓÙ·È Û ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎfi ›-‰Ô. ∏ ÏÔÁÈ΋ ÙÔ˘ Û˘Ó·ÈÓÂÙÈÎÔ‡Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ Â›Ó·È fiÙÈ Ë ÏÂÈÔ„Ë-Ê›· ‰ÂÓ ÂÈ‚¿ÏÏÂÙ·È ÛÙË ÌÂÈÔ„Ë-Ê›·.

ªÂÙ·ÊÂÚfiÌÂÓÔ ÛÙËÓ Â˘Úˆ·˚-΋ ÂÌÂÈÚ›·, ÙÔ Û˘Ó·ÈÓÂÙÈÎfi ˘fi-‰ÂÈÁÌ· ÂÛÙÈ¿˙ÂÈ Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ ÛÙË Û˘Ó·È-ÓÂÙÈ΋ ʇÛË ÙÔ˘ ÙÚfiÔ˘ Ï‹„˘ ·-ÔÊ¿ÛÂˆÓ ÛÙËÓ ∂∂. ¢ËÏ·‰‹,ÛÙÔÓ ÙÚfiÔ Ì ÙÔÓ ÔÔ›Ô ÔÈ Î˘-Ú›·Ú¯Â˜ ÂıÓÈΤ˜ ËÁÂÙÈΤ˜ ÔÌ¿‰Â˜ÂȉÈÒÎÔ˘Ó ·ÌÔÈ‚·›· ·Ô‰ÂÎÙÔ‡˜

Û˘Ì‚È‚·ÛÌÔ‡˜ ̤ۈ Ú·ÎÙÈÎÒÓ«·Ó·ÛÙÚ¤„ÈÌ˘ ‰È·ÊˆÓ›·˜». ∏ Û˘-Ó·ÈÓÂÙÈ΋ ‰È·Î˘‚¤ÚÓËÛË Û˘Ó‰¤Â-Ù·È Ì ÙËÓ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ Ù˘ ‰È¢ı¤ÙË-Û˘ Î·È Ù˘ ÔÈÎÔ‰fiÌËÛ˘ Û˘Ó·›ÓÂ-Û˘ ÛÙÔ ˘„ËÏfiÙÂÚÔ ÔÏÈÙÈÎfi ›-‰Ô, οÙÈ Ô˘ ·Ú·ÙËÚÂ›Ù·È ÛÙÔÓÙÚfiÔ Ô˘ ‰È¢ıÂÙÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÔÈ Û˘Ì-ʈӛ˜ ÛÙȘ in camera Û˘Ó‰ÚÈ¿-ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ∂˘Úˆ·˚ÎÔ‡ ™˘Ì‚Ô˘Ï›Ô˘.§fiÁˆ Ù˘ ¤ÏÏÂȄ˘ ÂÓfi˜ Â˘Úˆ-·˚ÎÔ‡ ‰‹ÌÔ˘, Ë ÂÈÎÚ¿ÙËÛË ÂÓfi˜ÏÂÈÔ„ËÊÈÎÔ‡ Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜, fiˆ˜ÚÔÙ¿ÛÛÂÈ ÙÔ ÎÔÈÓÔ‚Ô˘Ï¢ÙÈÎfi ˘-fi‰ÂÈÁÌ·, ı· ÌÔÚÔ‡Û ӷ ‰ËÌÈ-Ô˘ÚÁ‹ÛÂÈ Û˘Óı‹Î˜ ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÌÔ‡Ô˘ ı· ¤‚Ï·Ù·Ó ÙȘ ÌÂÈÔ„Ëʛ˜.

À¿Ú¯ÂÈ Ï‹ıÔ˜ ·Ô‰Â›ÍˆÓÔ˘ Û˘ÓËÁÔÚ› ÛÙÔ fiÙÈ ÙÔ ÔÏÈÙÈÎfiÛ‡ÛÙËÌ· Ù˘ ∂∂ ‰È·ı¤ÙÂÈ Ù· ‚·ÛÈ-ο ÛÙÔȯ›· ÌÈ·˜ Û˘Ó·ÈÓÂÙÈ΋˜ ‰Ë-ÌÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜. ∂˘Ú›˜ Û˘Ó·ÛÈÛÌÔ› Â-ÓÙÔ›˙ÔÓÙ·È ÛÙ· ÂÈ̤ÚÔ˘˜ ™˘Ì-‚Ô‡ÏÈ· ÙˆÓ ÀÔ˘ÚÁÒÓ Î·È ÙÔ ∂˘-Úˆ·˚Îfi ™˘Ì‚Ô‡ÏÈÔ È‰È·›ÙÂÚ· ÛÂ˙ËÙ‹Ì·Ù· Û˘ÓÙ·ÁÌ·ÙÈ΋˜ ·ÏÏ·-Á‹˜. ∏ ·Ó·ÏÔÁÈÎfiÙËÙ· Û˘Ó‰¤ÂÙ·ÈÌ ÙÔ ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ fiÙÈ Ù· ÎÚ¿ÙË ‰È·ÙË-ÚÔ‡Ó ¤Ó· ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎfi ·ÚÈıÌfi „‹-ÊˆÓ ÛÙÔ ™˘Ì‚Ô‡ÏÈÔ, ‚¿ÛÂÈ ÂÓfi˜Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ÂȉÈ΋˜ ÏÂÈÔ„ËÊ›·˜,·Ó¿ÏÔÁ· Ì ÙÔ Ì¤ÁÂıÔ˜ ‹ ÙÔÓ ÏË-ı˘ÛÌfi ÙÔ˘˜, Î·È ÛÙÔ fiÙÈ fiÏ· Ù·ÎÚ¿ÙË ·ÓÙÈÚÔۈ‡ÔÓÙ·È ÛÙ· ÎÂ-ÓÙÚÈο fiÚÁ·Ó· Ï‹„˘ ÙˆÓ ·ÔÊ¿-ÛˆÓ. ∏ ÙÌËÌ·ÙÈ΋ ·˘ÙÔÓÔÌ›· ‰È·-ÛÊ·Ï›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ fiÙÈ Ù· ÎÚ¿ÙË ·-ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó Î˘ÚÈ·Ú¯Èο ·˘ı‡·Ú-ÎÙ˜ ÔÓÙfiÙËÙ˜ Ì ÙȘ ‰ÈΤ˜ ÙÔ˘˜Û˘ÓÙ·ÁÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ Ú˘ıÌ›ÛÂȘ. ∆Ô ‰È-η›ˆÌ· Ù˘ ·ÌÔÈ‚·›·˜ ·ÚÓËÛÈ΢-Ú›·˜ ÂÈÙÚ¤ÂÈ ÛÙ· ÎÚ¿ÙË Ó· ÂÌÔ-‰›˙Ô˘Ó ÙË Ï‹„Ë ·ÔÊ¿ÛÂˆÓ fiÙ·Ó‰È·Î˘‚‡ÔÓÙ·È Ù· ˙ˆÙÈο ÂıÓÈοÙÔ˘˜ Û˘ÌʤÚÔÓÙ·. ∞Ó Î·È Ì ÙËÓ Â-¤ÎÙ·ÛË Ù˘ ÂȉÈ΋˜ ÏÂÈÔ„ËÊ›·˜ÙÔ ‰Èη›ˆÌ· ·˘Ùfi ‰ÂÓ ·ÔÙÂÏ›ÙÔÓ Î·ÓfiÓ· ÛÙË ‰È·‰Èηۛ· Ï‹„Ë˜ÙˆÓ ·ÔÊ¿ÛˆÓ, ÔÈ Û˘ÓÙ·ÁÌ·ÙÈ-

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¶ √ § π ∆ π ∫ ∏ √ ƒ ° ∞ ¡ ø ™ ∏ ∆ ∏ ™ ∂ ∂ 45

EYPø¶A´KH EKºPA™H ñ Ù. 50 ñ 3O TPIMHNO 2003

Τ˜ ·ÔÊ¿ÛÂȘ ··ÈÙÔ‡Ó ÔÌÔʈ-Ó›·.

™‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙÔ Û˘Ó·ÈÓÂÙÈÎfi ˘-fi‰ÂÈÁÌ·, Ë ∂∂ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÌÈ· Û‡Ó-ıÂÙË ÔÏÈÙ›·, ÔÈ ‰È·ÎÚÈÙ¤˜ ÌÔÓ¿-‰Â˜ Ù˘ ÔÔ›·˜ Û˘Ó‰¤ÔÓÙ·È Ì ÌÈ·Û˘Ó·ÈÓÂÙÈ΋ ÌÔÚÊ‹ ¤ÓˆÛ˘ ÁÈ·ÙËÓ Â›Ù¢ÍË Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈÌ¤ÓˆÓ ÏÂÈ-ÙÔ˘ÚÁÈÎÒÓ ÛÙfi¯ˆÓ, ¯ˆÚ›˜ Ó· ı˘-ÛÈ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È ÔÈ ÂıÓÈΤ˜ Û˘ÏÏÔÁÈΤ˜Ù·˘ÙfiÙËÙ˜ ÙˆÓ ÌÂÚÒÓ ‹ Ó· ˘Ô-Ù¿ÛÛÂÙ·È Ë ÂıÓÈ΋ ΢ÚÈ·Ú¯›· ÛÂÌÈ· ˘ÂÚΛÌÂÓË ÂÍÔ˘Û›·. ™ËÌ·-ÓÙÈ΋ ÁÈ· ÙȘ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈΤ˜ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘Ú-Á›Â˜ Ù˘ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤Ó˘ ·˘Ù‹˜ ·-ÂÈÎfiÓÈÛ˘ Ù˘ Â˘Úˆ·˚΋˜ ÔÏÈ-Ù›·˜ Â›Ó·È Ë Ú·ÎÙÈ΋ Ù˘ ÔÏÈÙÈ-΋˜ Û˘Ó‰È¿ıÂÛ˘, ‰ËÏ·‰‹ ÙË˜Û˘Ó‰È·¯Â›ÚÈÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ÂÈ̤ÚÔ˘˜Î˘ÚÈ·Ú¯ÈÒÓ ÌÂ Û˘Ó·ÈÓÂÙÈο ̤۷.∆Ô ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· Â›Ó·È ¤Ó· Û‡ÛÙË-Ì· ÛÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô Û˘Ó˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÌÈ· ¤-ÓÙÔÓË ·ÏÏËÏÔÛ‡Ó‰ÂÛË Î·È ¤Ó·˜ ˘-„ËÏfi˜ ‚·ıÌfi˜ ÙÌËÌ·ÙÈ΋˜ ·˘ÙÔ-ÓÔÌ›·˜. ™ÙÔ ˘fi‰ÂÈÁÌ· ·˘Ùfi, ÔÈ΢ڛ·Ú¯Â˜ ËÁÂÙÈΤ˜ ÔÌ¿‰Â˜ ·ÓÙÈ-ÛÙ¤ÎÔÓÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ÂÓ›Û¯˘ÛË ÙˆÓ ÔÚÈ-˙fiÓÙÈˆÓ ‰ÂÛÌÒÓ ÌÂٷ͇ ÙˆÓ ÂıÓÈ-ÎÒÓ ‰‹ÌˆÓ, ÒÛÙ ӷ ‰È·ÙËÚÔ‡ÓÙÔÓ ·fiÏ˘ÙÔ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô ÛÙ· ‰ÈοÙÔ˘˜ ˘ÔÛ˘ÛÙ‹Ì·Ù·. ∞˘Ùfi, ›-Û˘, ÙÔ˘˜ ÂÈÙÚ¤ÂÈ Ó· ·ÛÎÔ‡Ó Ùԉȷ¯ÂÈÚÈÛÙÈÎfi ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô Ù˘ ÂÓÔÔ›-ËÛ˘, ·ÔÊ·Û›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ›Û˘ ÁÈ·Ù· fiÚÈ· Ù˘ ·Ô‰ÂÎÙ‹˜ Û˘ÌÂÚÈ-ÊÔÚ¿˜.

∏ ¢ÂÏÈÍ›· ÙÔ˘ Û˘Ó·ÈÓÂÙÈÎÔ‡ ˘-ԉ›ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜ ¤ÁÎÂÈÙ·È ÛÙÔ fiÙÈ ÂÈ-ÙÚ¤ÂÈ ÌÈ· ÏÈÁfiÙÂÚÔ ·˘ÛÙËÚ‹ ıÂ-ÒÚËÛË Ù˘ ¤ÓÓÔÈ·˜ ÙÔ˘ ÎÚ¿ÙÔ˘˜Î·È, ηْ ¤ÎÙ·ÛË, ÙÔ˘ ÂıÓÈÎÔ‡·˘ÙÔηıÔÚÈÛÌÔ‡. ™˘ÓÔÙÈο, Ù·ÂıÓÈο Î·È Ù· Û˘ÏÏÔÁÈο Û˘ÛÙ‹-Ì·Ù· ‰È·Î˘‚¤ÚÓËÛ˘ Â›Ó·È Û˘Ó‰Â-‰Â̤ӷ Û ÌÈ· Û˘Ì‚ÈˆÙÈ΋ Û¯¤ÛË,ÂÓÒ Ë ∂∂ ·›ÚÓÂÈ ÙË ÌÔÚÊ‹ ÂÓfi˜Û‡ÓıÂÙÔ˘ ÔÏÈÙÈÎÔ‡ Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜Ô˘ ÚÔÛ·ÚÌfi˙ÂÈ ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈΤ˜ÚÔÛ‰Ô˘ Û ÎÔÈÓ¤˜ ·ÔÊ¿ÛÂȘ.

∂‰Ò, Ë ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·Ù›· ‰ÂÓ ·ÔÙÂÏ›·˘ÙÔÛÎÔfi ·ÏÏ¿ ÌÈ· ıÂÛÌÈ΋ η-Ù·Û΢‹ ÁÈ· Ó· ÂÈÙ¢¯ıÔ‡Ó ·-ÌÔÈ‚·›ÔÈ Û˘Ì‚È‚·ÛÌÔ› ÌÂٷ͇ ÙˆÓÎÚ·ÙÒÓ. ŒÙÛÈ, Ë Û˘Ó·ÈÓÂÙÈ΋ ‰Ë-ÌÔÎÚ·Ù›· Â›Ó·È ÂÓ‰ÔÁÂÓÒ˜ ÂÚÈÔ-ÚÈṲ̂ÓË ÛÙȘ ËÁÂÙÈΤ˜ ÔÌ¿‰Â˜.∂ÓÒ ÏÔÈfiÓ ÙÔ Û˘Ó·ÈÓÂÙÈÎfi Û‡-ÛÙËÌ· ·ÓÙÈηÙÔÙÚ›˙ÂÈ ÔÏϤ˜ ·-fi ÙȘ ȉÈfiÙËÙ˜ Ù˘ ∂∂, ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·ÈÙÔ ÈÔ ÂӉ‰ÂÈÁ̤ÓÔ, ·Ó ÛÙfi¯Ô˜Ì·˜ Â›Ó·È Ë ÂÎÙÂٷ̤ÓË Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ-¯‹ ÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÒÓ.

™˘Ì¤Ú·ÛÌ·

∏∂∂ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ¤Ó· ˘‚ÚȉÈÎfi ÌfiÚ-ʈ̷ Ô˘ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ ÛÙÔÈ-

¯Â›· ·fi fiÏ· Ù· ˘Ô‰Â›ÁÌ·Ù· Ô˘·Ó·Ê¤ÚıËηÓ. ¶·Ú·¤ÌÂÈ Û ¤Ó·ÌÂÈÎÙfi Û‡ÛÙËÌ· ‰È·Î˘‚¤ÚÓËÛË˜Ô˘ ı· ÌÔÚÔ‡Û ӷ ÔÚÈÛı› ˆ˜ÌÈ· ™˘Ó·ÈÓÂÙÈ΋ ™˘ÓÔÌÔÛÔÓ‰›·.2

∂¿Ó ·Ó·˙ËÙԇ̠χÛÂȘ ÁÈ· ÙÔ ‰Ë-ÌÔÎÚ·ÙÈÎfi ¤ÏÏÂÈÌÌ·, ÚÔ·ÙÂÈ fiÙÈÙÔ ˘fi‰ÂÈÁÌ· ·˘Ùfi ‰ÂÓ Â˘ÓÔ› ÙËÓÎÔÈÓˆÓÈ΋ ÓÔÌÈÌÔÔ›ËÛË Ù˘ ∂∂. √ÂΉËÌÔÎÚ·ÙÈÛÌfi˜ Ù˘ ∂∂ ı· ‹Ù·ÓÈÔ ÂÊÈÎÙfi˜ ·Ó ˘ÈÔıÂÙÔ‡ÓÙ·Ó Ë Ô-ÌÔÛÔӉȷ΋ ÚÔÔÙÈ΋, Ë ÔÔ›·fï˜ Û˘Ó‰¤ÂÙ·È Ì ÙÔ ‚·ıÌfi ÔÏÈ-ÙÂȷ΋˜ ˆÚ›Ì·ÓÛ˘ Î·È ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈ΋˜

Û˘ÓÔ¯‹˜ Ô˘ ¤¯ÂÈ Ó· Âȉ›ÍÂÈ Ë∂∂. ∆· ÛÙÔȯ›· fï˜ ·˘Ù¿ ‰ÂÓÚ¤ÂÈ Ó· ıˆÚÔ‡ÓÙ·È ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷۋÌÂÚ·. ∞·ÈÙÂ›Ù·È ¤ÙÛÈ ÌÈ· ÂÎÙÂÙ·-̤ÓË ‰ËÌfiÛÈ· Û˘˙‹ÙËÛË Á‡Úˆ ·fiÙÔ ÔÏÈÙÂÈ·Îfi ̤ÏÏÔÓ Ù˘ ∂∂, Ë Ù‡-¯Ë ÙÔ˘ ÔÔ›Ô˘ Û˘Ó‰¤ÂÙ·È ·Ó·fi-Û·ÛÙ· Ì ÙËÓ ÔÈÎÔ‰fiÌËÛË ÂÓfi˜Â˘Úˆ·˚ÎÔ‡ ‰ËÌfiÛÈÔ˘ ¯ÒÚÔ˘. √‰ËÌfiÛÈÔ˜ ·˘Ùfi˜ ¯ÒÚÔ˜ ·ÔÙÂϛ̠ÙË ÛÂÈÚ¿ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔ¸fiıÂÛË ÁÈ· ÙËÌÂÙ¿‚·ÛË Ù˘ ∂∂ ·fi ¤Ó· Û‡ÛÙËÌ·ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜ Û˘Ó‰È¿ıÂÛ˘ Û ÌÈ· Ô-Ï˘ÎÂÓÙÚÈ΋ res public· Ô˘ ı· ÌÂ-Ù·ÙÚ¤ÂÈ ÙÔ˘˜ Â˘Úˆ·›Ô˘˜ Ôϛ٘۠ÊÔÚ›˜ Û˘ÛÙËÌÈ΋˜ ·ÏÏ·Á‹˜.

™∏ª∂πø™∂π™

1. Arend Lijphart, ‘ConsociationalDemocracy’, World Politics, Vol. 21,No. 2, 1969.

2. ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚ˘ ¡. ÃÚ˘ÛÔ¯fiÔ˘, £ÂˆÚ›· Ù˘∂˘Úˆ·˚΋˜ ∂ÓÔÔ›ËÛ˘, ∞ı‹Ó·:¶··˙‹Û˘, 2003. ¢Â˜ ›Û˘ ªÈ¯¿-Ï˘ π. ∆ÛÈÓÈÛÈ˙¤Ï˘, Quo VadisEuropa?, ∞ı‹Ó·: ∞η‰ËÌ·˚Τ˜ ∂Ήfi-ÛÂȘ ™Ì˘ÚÓȈٿÎË, 2001, Î·È DimitrisN. Chryssochoou, Michael J.Tsinisizelis, Stelios Stavridis and∫ostas Ifantis, Theory and reform inthe European Union, ‰Â‡ÙÂÚË ·Ó·ıÂ-ˆÚË̤ÓË ¤Î‰ÔÛË, Manchester andNew York: Manchester UniversityPress, 2003.

This article refers to the political identity of the EU and approaches thisissue by the institutional and the social-psychological aspects of thedemocratic deficit of the EU. The democratization of the EU concerns theredefinition of the institutional balance and it is connected with therepresentation of the parliamentary institutions. It also concerns the effortof bringing the citizens closer to the EU ensuring that the unification it is notonly a subject of the prevailing elites. So democracy is enhanced by theapproachable to citizens institutions.The social-psychological aspect emphasizes the role of the European “civicdemos” and that without essential “civic competence” at the European levela European democracy is not viable. So that European demos is essentialfor the social legitimacy of the EU.The solution of the democratic deficit requires a significant grade ofconsent at the level of society in relation to the kind of the governmentalmodel that the EU would adopt. Four models are being analyzed here: theparliamentary, the confederal, the federal and the consential model.

Abstract

Page 48: European Expression - Issue 50

46 µ π µ § π √ ¶ ∞ ƒ √ À ™ π ∞ ™ ∏

EYPø¶A´KH EKºPA™H ñ Ù. 50 ñ 3O TPIMHNO 2003

¢ÈÂıÓ›˜ √ÚÁ·ÓÈÛÌÔ›.∞Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙÔÓ fiÏÂÌÔÎ·È ÛÙËÓ ÂÈÚ‹ÓË™˘ÁÁÚ·Ê›˜: ∫˘ÚÈ¿ÎÔ˜¢. ∫ÂÓÙÚˆÙ‹˜ – ™Ù·‡ÚÔ˜∞. ∫¿ÙÛÈÔ˜∂ΉfiÛÂȘ ¶··˙‹ÛË, ∞ı‹Ó·2002.

∏‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›· ÙˆÓ ÚÒÙˆÓÌÔÚÊÒÓ ÙˆÓ ¢ÈÂıÓÒÓ√ÚÁ·ÓÈÛÌÒÓ ÛÙ· Ù¤ÏË

ÙÔ˘ 19Ô˘ ·ÈÒÓ·, ·ÏÏ¿ ΢ڛˆ˜ÛÙȘ ·Ú¯¤˜ ÙÔ˘ 20Ô‡, ıˆÚ›ٷÈË ··Ú¯‹ Ù˘ ÛËÌÂÚÈÓ‹˜ÔÏ˘ÏÔÎfiÙËÙ·˜ ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ·ÛÙÔ˘˜ ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ˜ ÙˆÓ¢ÈÂıÓÒÓ ™¯¤ÛˆÓ. ™ÙÔÓ ÙfiÙÂÁÓˆÛÙfi ÎfiÛÌÔ ÙˆÓ ÂıÓÈÎÒÓÎÚ·ÙÒÓ ¤ÌÂÏÏ ӷ ÚÔÛÙÂı› ÔÎfiÛÌÔ˜ ÙˆÓ ¢ÈÂıÓÒÓ√ÚÁ·ÓÈÛÌÒÓ. ™ÙË ÌÂϤÙË ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È·fi ÙÔ˘˜ Û˘ÁÁÚ·Ê›˜ Ù˘, Ô˘Â›Ó·È ∂›ÎÔ˘ÚÔÈ ∫·ıËÁËÙ¤˜ ÙÔ˘∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ •¤ÓˆÓ °ÏˆÛÛÒÓ,ªÂÙ¿ÊÚ·Û˘ & ¢ÈÂÚÌËÓ›·˜ÙÔ˘ πÔÓ›Ô˘ ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙËÌ›Ô˘, Ôȷڷοو ÂÓfiÙËÙ˜: 1. ∆· ˙ËÙ‹Ì·Ù· ÂÚ› ÙˆÓ¢ÈÂıÓÒÓ √ÚÁ·ÓÈÛÌÒÓ ÛÙÔÏ·›ÛÈÔ ıˆÚËÙÈÎÒÓ ÌÔÓ٤ψÓÙˆÓ ÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈÎÒÓ·Ó·˙ËÙ‹ÛÂˆÓ Î·È Ù· ·›ÙÈ·‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›·˜ ÙÔ˘˜ Ì ÙÔÓ ıÂÛÌfiÙÔ˘ ÎÚ¿ÙÔ˘˜.2. ∏ ÈÛÙÔÚÈ΋ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ÙˆÓ¢ÈÂıÓÒÓ √ÚÁ·ÓÈÛÌÒÓ.3. ∏ ‰ÔÌ‹ Î·È ÔȉڷÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ˜ ÙˆÓ‚·ÛÈÎfiÙÂÚˆÓ ¢ÈÂıÓÒÓ√ÚÁ·ÓÈÛÌÒÓ. 4. ∆Ô ·ÚfiÓ Î·È ÙˆÓ Ì¤ÏÏÔÓÙˆÓ ¢ÈÂıÓÒÓ √ÚÁ·ÓÈÛÌÒÓ ÛÙËıˆڛ· Î·È ÛÙËÓ Ú·ÎÙÈ΋ ÙˆÓ¢ÈÂıÓÒÓ ™¯¤ÛˆÓ.∏ ¤Î‰ÔÛË, ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ·

¤Ú¢ӷ˜ ÛÙÔ Ï·›ÛÈÔ ÙÔ˘∂ÚÁ·ÛÙËÚ›Ô˘ °ÂˆÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈÎÒÓ∞ӷχÛÂˆÓ (GeoLab) ÙÔ˘·Ú·¿Óˆ ∆Ì‹Ì·ÙÔ˜,ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ ÙËÓ ·Ú¿ıÂÛËÙ˘ Û¯ÂÙÈ΋˜ ÔÚÔÏÔÁ›·˜ ηÈÔÓÔÌ·ÙÔÏÔÁ›·˜ ÂÚ› ¢ÈÂıÓÒÓ√ÚÁ·ÓÈÛÌÒÓ ÛÙ· ·ÁÁÏÈο,Á·ÏÏÈο Î·È ÁÂÚÌ·ÓÈο.

∏ ¶ÚfiÎÏËÛËÙÔ˘ ∂˘Úˆ·˚ÎÔ‡™˘ÓÙ¿ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜ÙÔ˘ ∂˘¿ÁÁÂÏÔ˘µÂÓÈ˙¤ÏÔ˘, ÀÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡ ¶ÔÏÈÙÈ-ÛÌÔ‡

∂ΉfiÛÂȘ ™¿ÎÎÔ˘Ï·

∏Û˘˙‹ÙËÛË ÁÈ· ÙÔ∂˘Úˆ·˚Îfi ™‡ÓÙ·Á̷ʤÚÓÂÈ ÙËÓ ∂˘ÚÒË

·ÓÙÈÌ¤ÙˆË Ì ÙÔ ÂÚÒÙËÌ· Ù˘›‰È·˜ Ù˘ ʇÛ˘ Ù˘. Ÿ¯È Ì ÙÔÙ˘ÈÎfi ÂÚÒÙËÌ·, Â¿Ó ı· ¤¯ÂÈ ‹‰ÂÓ ı· ¤¯ÂÈ ÓÔÌÈ΋ÚÔÛˆÈÎfiÙËÙ·, ·ÏÏ¿, ÛÙËÌ·ÎÚ¿ ÈÛÙÔÚÈ΋ ÚÔÔÙÈ΋, ÔÈ·Û¯¤ÛË ¤¯ÂÈ ÙÔ Â˘Úˆ·˚ÎfiÊ·ÈÓfiÌÂÓÔ Ì ·˘Ùfi Ô˘ ϤÁÂÙ·ÈÎÚ·ÙÈÎfi Ê·ÈÓfiÌÂÓÔ, Â¿Ó ÙÔ̤ÏÏÔÓ Ù˘ ∂˘ÚÒ˘ Â›Ó·È Ó·Á›ÓÂÈ ¤Ó· «ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ ∂˘Úˆ·˚Îfi

ÎÚ¿ÙÔ˜» ‹ ·Ó Ë ∂˘ÚÒË Ô‡Ùˆ˜‹ ¿Ïψ˜ – Î·È Ì¤Û· ·fi ÙËÓÔÌÔÛÔӉȷ΋ Ù˘ ÚÔÔÙÈ΋ –ı· ·Ú·Ì›ÓÂÈ ¿ÓÙ· οÙȉȷÊÔÚÂÙÈÎfi ·fi ¤Ó· «ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔÎÚ¿ÙÔ˜», ı· Â›Ó·È ÌÈ· ‹ÂÈÚÔ˜.ªÈ· ‹ÂÈÚÔ˜ Ô˘ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› ˆ˜ÂÓÈ·›· ·ÁÔÚ¿, ˆ˜ ¯ÒÚÔ˜ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÔ‡, ˆ˜ ¯ÒÚÔ˜Û˘ÓÙ·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ ‰ÈηȈ̿وÓÎ·È ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·ÙÈÎÒÓηٷÎÙ‹ÛˆÓ.™ÙÔ ‚È‚Ï›Ô ÙÔ˘ «∏ ¶ÚfiÎÏËÛËÙÔ˘ ∂˘Úˆ·˚ÎÔ‡ ™˘ÓÙ¿ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜»Ô ∂˘¿ÁÁÂÏÔ˜ µÂÓÈ˙¤ÏÔ˜ Û˘˙ËÙ¿fiÏ· ·˘Ù¿ Ù· «˘·ÚÍȷο»ı¤Ì·Ù· ÁÈ· ÙÔ Ì¤ÏÏÔÓ Ù˘∂˘ÚÒ˘, ÂÎı¤ÙÔÓÙ·˜·Ú¿ÏÏËÏ· Î·È ÙȘ ÛΤ„ÂȘ ÙÔ˘ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÏÏËÓÈ΋ ÛÙÚ·ÙËÁÈ΋ÛÙË ‰È·Ú·ÁÌ¿Ù¢ÛË ÁÈ· ÙËÓηٿÚÙÈÛË ÙÔ˘ ∂˘Úˆ·˚ÎÔ‡™˘ÓÙ¿ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜. ¶ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ·¤Ó· ‚È‚Ï›Ô Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ ÂӉȷʤÚÂÈÌfiÓÔ ÙÔ ÓÔÌÈÎfi Î·È ÔÏÈÙÈÎfiÎfiÛÌÔ, ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È fiÏÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘˜ŒÏÏËÓ˜ Ôϛ٘, ÔÈ ÔÔ›ÔÈÚ¤ÂÈ Ó· Â›Ó·È ÂÓËÌÂڈ̤ÓÔÈÁÈ· ÙȘ ˙˘ÌÒÛÂȘ Ô˘Û˘ÓÙÂÏÔ‡ÓÙ·È Á‡Úˆ ·fi Ù·ı¤Ì·Ù· ·˘Ù¿, ‰ÈfiÙÈ ·ÊÔÚÔ‡Ó¿ÌÂÛ· Î·È Ù· ‰ÈηÈÒÌ·Ù· ηÈÛ˘ÌʤÚÔÓÙ¿ ÙÔ˘˜ ˆ˜∂˘Úˆ·›ˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÒÓ.

Suggestions

1. The impact of Globaland Regional Integration ofFederal Systems:

A Comparative Analysisby H. Lazar, H. Telford, R. L.Eatts Publisher: Stathy LangUnit, 2003.

2. Federalism in a Chan-ging World:

Learning from Each other:Scientific Background, Pro-ceedings and Plenary Spe-echies of the Internert. Con-cerence on Federalism 2002by R. Blindenbacher, A. Kol-ler, J. Chretieu, U. Diedrichis.Publisher Mc Gill - QueensUniv. Press. 2003.

Page 49: European Expression - Issue 50

¢ ƒ ∞ ™ ∆ ∏ ƒ π √ ∆ ∏ ∆ ∂ ™ ∆ ∏ ™ ∂ ∫ º ƒ ∞ ™ ∏ ™ 47

EYPø¶A´KH EKºPA™H ñ Ù. 50 ñ 3O TPIMHNO 2003

–¶ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ·ÓÙ·ÏÏ·Á‹˜ Ó¤-ˆÓ «¢π∫∆À∞ ¡∂ø¡ ¶∂ƒ∞

∞¶√ ∆∞ ™À¡√ƒ∞»

∏∂˘Úˆ·˚΋ ŒÎÊÚ·ÛË ˘ÏÔÔ›Ë-Û ·fi ÙȘ 13-27 πÔ˘Ï›Ô˘ ÙÔÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ·ÓÙ·ÏÏ·Á‹˜ «¢›-

ÎÙ˘· ¡¤ˆÓ ¶¤Ú· ·fi Ù· ™‡ÓÔÚ·»ÛÙÔ Ï·›ÛÈÔ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜«¡ÂÔÏ·›·» Ù˘ ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋˜ ∂ÈÙÚÔ-‹˜ Î·È Ì ÙË Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›· Ù˘ °.°.¡¤·˜ °ÂÓÈ¿˜. ∆Ô ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ÂÚÈÂ-Ï¿Ì‚·Ó ÙËÓ Â›ÛÎÂ„Ë ÛÙËÓ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·Ó¤ˆÓ ÚÔÛʇÁˆÓ ËÏÈΛ·˜ 17-25¯ÚÔÓÒÓ ·fi ÙË ƒÔ˘¿ÓÙ· Î·È ÙË §·-

ÙÈÓÈ΋ ∞ÌÂÚÈ΋ Ô˘ ˙Ô˘Ó Î·È ‰Ú·ÛÙË-ÚÈÔÔÈÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÛÙÔ §ÔÓ‰›ÓÔ. √È Ó¤ÔÈÔ˘ ÊÈÏÔÍÂÓ‹ıËÎ·Ó ÛÙË ¡¤· ª¿ÎÚËÛÙËÓ ∞Ó.∞ÙÙÈ΋ ›¯·Ó ÙËÓ Â˘Î·ÈÚ›·Ó· ÁÓˆÚ›ÛÔ˘Ó Ó¤Ô˘˜ ÚfiÛÊ˘ÁÂ˜Ô˘ ˙Ô˘Ó ÛÙËÓ ∂ÏÏ¿‰· Î·È Ó· ¤Ï-ıÔ˘Ó Û ·ʋ Ì ÙÔÓ ÂÏÏËÓÈÎfi Ô-ÏÈÙÈÛÌfi. ™ÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· Ô˘ ‹Ù·Ó Â-ÈÙ˘¯¤˜ ·fi οı ¿Ô„Ë, Û˘ÌÌÂÙ›-¯·Ó Î·È ÂıÂÏÔÓÙ¤˜, ̤ÏË Ù˘ ÓÂÔÏ·›-·˜ ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋ ŒÎÊÚ·ÛË. ™ÙȘ ÔÌ¿-‰Â˜ ÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ Ô˘ Û˘ÁÎÚÔÙ‹ıËηÓÌ ӤԢ˜ ·fi ÙËÓ ∂ÏÏ¿‰· Î·È ÙÔ Â-͈ÙÂÚÈÎfi ‰fiıËÎÂ Ë Â˘Î·ÈÚ›· Ó· ÁÓˆ-Ú›ÛÔ˘Ó ·Ú·‰ÔÛÈ·ÎÔ‡˜ ¯ÔÚÔ‡˜ ·fiÙË ƒÔ˘¿ÓÙ·, ÙË §·ÙÈÓÈ΋ ∞ÌÂÚÈ΋ ηÈÙËÓ ∂ÏÏ¿‰· Î·È Ó· ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ‹ÛÔ˘Ó·fi ÎÔÈÓÔ‡ ÌÈ· ı·ÙÚÈ΋ ·Ú¿ÛÙ·-ÛË. ∂ÈϤÔÓ, ÙÔ˘˜ ‰fiıËÎÂ Ë ‰˘Ó·-ÙfiÙËÙ· Ó· Û˘˙ËÙ‹ÛÔ˘Ó ÁÈ· ·ÈÙ›Â˜Ô˘ Ô‰ËÁÔ‡Ó ÛÙÔÓ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎfi ·Ô-ÎÏÂÈÛÌfi, fiˆ˜ Â›Ó·È Ô Ú·ÙÛÈÛÌfi˜ ηÈË ÍÂÓÔÊÔ‚›·, Ó· ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ‹ÛÔ˘Ó Á¤-Ê˘Ú˜ ÂÈÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜ Î·È Î·Ù·ÓfiËÛË˜Î·È Ó· ¢·ÈÛıËÙÔÔÈËıÔ‡Ó ¿Óˆ Û’¤Ó· ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎfi Ê·ÈÓfiÌÂÓÔ Ô˘ ¯·Ú·-ÎÙËÚ›˙ÂÈ fiϘ ÙȘ Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓ˜ ÎÔÈÓˆ-ӛ˜. ∆Ô ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ¤ÏËÍ Ì ÙËÓ

·ÚÔ˘Û›·ÛË Ù˘ ı·ÙÚÈ΋˜ ·Ú¿-ÛÙ·Û˘ Ô˘ ›¯Â ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ·‹¯ËÛËÛÙËÓ ÙÔÈ΋ ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·. ∏ ÛÙÈÁÌ‹ ÙÔ˘·Ô¯·ÈÚÂÙÈÛÌÔ‡ Ô˘ ·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛ‰ÂÓ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ÂÎÊÚ·Ûı› Ì ÏfiÁÈ·,Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ÚÔÓÔÌÈ·Îfi ‚›ˆÌ· fiÛˆÓ ÙË˙‹Û·ÌÂ...

–√È ÂıÂÏÔÓÙ¤˜ Î·È Ë «∂˘Úˆ-·˚΋ ŒÎÊÚ·ÛË» Û‚‹ÓÔ˘Ó

ÙȘ ʈÙȤ˜ ÛÙË ¡¤· ª¿ÎÚË

TȘ ˘ÚηÁȤ˜ Ô˘ ͤ۷۷ÓÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ù˘ ¡¤·˜ ª¿-ÎÚ˘ Î·È ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÕÁÈÔ˜

°ÂÒÚÁÈÔ˜ µÚ·Ó¿-ª·Ú·ıÒÓ· ÛÙȘ 4∞˘ÁÔ‡ÛÙÔ˘ ÂÓÙfiÈÛ·Ó ÚÒÙÔÈ ÔÈ Â-ıÂÏÔÓÙ¤˜ Ù˘ ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋˜ ŒÎÊÚ·-Û˘.

∏ «∂˘Úˆ·˚΋ ŒÎÊÚ·ÛË-∞Ó·ÙÔ-ÏÈ΋ ∞ÙÙÈ΋» (∂.∂∫.∞¡.∞.) Û˘ÌÌÂ-Ù›¯Â ÛÙËÓ Âȯ›ÚËÛË Î·Ù¿Û‚ÂÛ˘‰‡Ô ˘ÚηÁÈÒÓ Ì ÙË Û˘Ó‰ÚÔÌ‹ Â-ıÂÏÔÓÙÒÓ ÌÂÏÒÓ Ù˘ fiÛÔ Î·È ÂıÂ-ÏÔÓÙÒÓ ·fi ÙËÓ ÙÔÈ΋ ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·.∂›Ó·È ·ÍÈÔÛËÌ›ˆÙÔ fiÙÈ ÙÔ ˘ÚÔ-Û‚ÂÛÙÈÎfi fi¯ËÌ· Ù˘ ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋˜ŒÎÊÚ·Û˘ Ì ÙÔ Ï‹ÚˆÌ· ÙˆÓ ÂıÂ-ÏÔÓÙÒÓ Î·Ù¿ÊÂÚ·Ó Ó· ÂϤÁÍÔ˘ÓÌfiÓÔÈ ÙÔ˘˜ ÙÔ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈÎfi ̤وÔÛÙËÓ ˘ÚηÁÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ µÚ·Ó¿. ∆· ÙÚ›·ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· Ë ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋ŒÎÊÚ·ÛË Î·È ÔÈ ÂıÂÏÔÓÙ¤˜ ¤¯Ô˘Ó Â-ÓÙÔ›ÛÂÈ ¿Óˆ ·fi 10 ˘ÚηÁȤ˜ÛÙËÓ Â˘Ú‡ÙÂÚË ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Î·È ¤¯Ô˘ÓÛ˘Ì‚¿ÏÏÂÈ ÙfiÛÔ ÛÙÔÓ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô fiÛÔÎ·È ÛÙËÓ ÛÙË Î·Ù¿Û‚ÂÛ‹ ÙÔ˘˜.

–Development Forum & AÓ·-Ù˘Íȷ΋ ¶ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ Ù˘ ∂∂

∏Berta Leiva, ˘Â‡ı˘ÓË Ù˘ ∂˘-Úˆ·˚΋˜ ¢È·ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈ΋˜ŒÎÊÚ·Û˘ Î·È Ì¤ÏÔ˜ Ù˘ ¡ÂÔ-

Ï·›·˜ Ù˘ ŒÎÊÚ·Û˘ ·ÚıÚÔÁÚ¿ÊËÛÂÛÙÔ Development Forum, ÙÔ ÔÔ›ÔÂΉ›‰ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙËÓ ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋ ∂È-ÙÚÔ‹ Î·È ·Â˘ı‡ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙ· ÙÔÈοª.ª.∂. Î·È ÛÙÔ˘˜ ‰ËÌÔÛÈÔÁÚ¿ÊÔ˘˜Ù˘ ∂˘ÚÒ˘ ÙˆÓ 15 (Î·È Û ϛÁÔÙˆÓ 25). ∂›Ó·È ·ÍÈÔÛËÌ›ˆÙÔ ‰Â fiÙÈ ËÂÓ ÏfiÁˆ ÂÊËÌÂÚ›‰· ΢ÎÏÔÊÔÚ› ÛÂ10,000 ·ÓÙ›Ù˘·.

™ÙÔ ¿ÚıÚÔ Ù˘ Ë Î· Leiva ·Ó·Ê¤-ÚÂÙ·È ·Ú¯Èο Û ڈÙÔ‚Ô˘Ï›Â˜ Ô˘

¤Ï·‚·Ó ¯ÒÚ· ÙÔ 2002 Û¯ÂÙÈο ÌÂÙËÓ ·Ó·Ù˘Íȷ΋ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ ÙÔÓ›˙Ô-ÓÙ·˜ ÙÔ ÚfiÏÔ Ô˘ ‰È·‰Ú·Ì¿ÙÈÛ Ë∂˘Úˆ·˚΋ ŒÓˆÛË Û ·˘Ù¤˜. ∂›-Û˘, ‰›ÓÂÙ·È ¤ÌÊ·ÛË ÛÙȘ ÚÔÎÏ‹-ÛÂȘ Ô˘ ı· ÛËÌ·‰¤„Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ ·Ó·-Ù˘Íȷ΋ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ ÁÈ· ÙÔ ¤ÙÔ˜ 2003fiˆ˜ ÊÙÒ¯ÂÈ·, ·ÁÎÔÛÌÈÔÔ›ËÛË Î·È‰ÈÂıÓ‹˜ Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›·. π‰È·›ÙÂÚË ·Ó·-ÊÔÚ¿ Á›ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ∂ÏÏËÓÈ΋ ¶ÚÔÂ-‰Ú›· Î·È ÛÙËÓ ÚÔÙÂÚ·ÈfiÙËÙ· Ô˘ ¤-ıÂÛ ÁÈ· ÙË ‰È‡ڢÓÛË Ù˘ ∂.∂.

–∂ÎÏÔÁ¤˜ ¡ÂÔÏ·›·˜ 2004

™ÙȘ 30 √ÎÙˆ‚Ú›Ô˘ 2003 Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔ-ÔÈ‹ıËÎ·Ó ÔÈ ÂÎÏÔÁ¤˜ Ù˘ ¡ÂÔÏ·›·˜∂˘Úˆ·˚΋ ∂ÎÊÚ·ÛË.∆· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ÙˆÓ ÂÎÏÔÁÒÓ Â›-Ó·È Ù· ÂÍ‹˜:°ÂÓÈ΋ °Ú·ÌÌ·Ù¤·˜:µ·ÛÈÏÈ΋ ∫Ô˘ÙÛÔ‡ÎÔ˘∞Ó. °ÂÓÈ΋ °Ú·ÌÌ·Ù¤·˜:µ›Î˘ ¶ÔÏ˘˙ˆ˚‰Ë¢È¢ı‡ÓÙÚÈ·:ª·Ú›· ªÔÏÔÓÙ˙¿ÎË∆·Ì›·˜:°ÂˆÚÁ›· ∞ÛÙڷο∆·ÎÙÈο ̤ÏË:∞ÓÙÈÁfiÓË ªÂÏȉÔÓÈÒÙË™‡Ï‚È· ∆Û·ÁÏÈÒÙË™ÔÊ›· ™Ô˘ÓÙÔ‡ÛÎÔ˘¡¿ÓÛ˘ µ·ÛÈÏÔÔ‡ÏÔ˘£¤Ì˘ ∫ÔÛÛ›‰·˜∞Ó·ÏËڈ̷ÙÈο ̤ÏË:ª·Ú›· ¶·Ó·ÁÈ¿ÚË¢ËÌ‹ÙÚ˘ ∫Ô˘ÓÂÓ‹˜∂ϤÓË ¢ÂÌ›Ú˶ÔÏ˘˙ˆ˚‰Ë ∫·ÙÂÚ›Ó·µ·Ó·ÚÔ‡‰Ë˜ °ÈÒÚÁÔ˜°ÂˆÚÁÈÙÛ¿Î˘ °ÈÒÚÁÔ˜°ÂˆÚÁ·ÓÙfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜ ¶·Ó·ÁÈÒÙ˘

–ÃÚÈÛÙÔ‡ÁÂÓÓ· Ì ÙËÓŒÎÊÚ·ÛË

™ÙȘ 20 ¢ÂÎÂÌ‚Ú›Ô˘ ı· Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔ-ÔÈËı› Ë ÂÙ‹ÛÈ· ÃÚÈÛÙÔ˘ÁÂÓÓÈ¿ÙÈÎ˯ÔÚÔÂÛÂÚ›‰· Ù˘ ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋˜ŒÎÊÚ·Û˘ ÛÙÔ ÍÂÓÔ‰Ô¯Â›Ô DivaniCaravel. √È ÂӉȷÊÂÚfiÌÂÓÔÈ ÌÔ-ÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ÚÔÌËı¢ÙÔ‡Ó ÚÔÛÎÏ‹-ÛÂȘ ·fi Ù· ÁÚ·Ê›· Ù˘ ∂˘Úˆ·˚-΋˜ ŒÎÊÚ·Û˘ ÛÙȘ ÙÈ̤˜ ÙˆÓ 25 ηÈ35 ¢ÚÒ.

Χορεύοντας στους ρυθµούς της Λατ. Αµερικήςστη Ν. Μάρκη.

Page 50: European Expression - Issue 50

EYPø¶A´KH EKºPA™H ñ Ù. 50 ñ 3O TPIMHNO 2003

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¢HMO™IEY™EI™ ™THN EYPø¶A´KH EKºPA™H

™ÎÔfi˜ Ù˘ ¤Î‰ÔÛ˘ Â›Ó·È Ë ·ÚÔ˘Û›·ÛË ‰È·ÊÔ-ÚÂÙÈÎÒÓ ·fi„ÂˆÓ - ·ÚΛ Ó· ÌËÓ ÂÎʤÚÔÓÙ·È ·˘-ı·›ÚÂÙ· - Î·È Ë ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›· ηٿÏÏËÏÔ˘ Ï·ÈÛ›Ô˘‰È·ÏfiÁÔ˘ Î·È ·ÓÙ·ÏÏ·Á‹˜ ȉÂÒÓ Ì ›ÎÂÓÙÚÔ

ÙËÓ Â˘Úˆ·˚΋ ÔÏÔÎÏ‹ÚˆÛË Î·È ÙËÓ ÂÏÏËÓÈ΋ Û˘Ì-ÌÂÙÔ¯‹ Û' ·˘Ù‹Ó. OÈ ·fi„ÂȘ Ô˘ ÂÎÊÚ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È ‰ÂÓ ‰ÂÛ̇ԢÓÙËÓ È‰ÈÔÎÙËÛ›·, ÙÔÓ ÂΉfiÙË ‹ ÙË Û‡ÓÙ·ÍË.

T· ¿ÚıÚ· Ù· ÔÔ›· ‰ËÌÔÛȇÔÓÙ·È ÛÙËÓ E˘Úˆ-·˚΋ 'EÎÊÚ·ÛË, ÂÈϤÁÔÓÙ·È ·fi ÙË Û‡ÓÙ·ÍË ÌÂÎÚÈÙ‹ÚÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈ΋ ÂÁ΢ÚfiÙËÙ·, ÙËÓ ÔÈ-fiÙËÙ·, ÙË ıÂÌ·ÙÈ΋ οı Ù‡¯Ô˘˜, ÙËÓ ÚˆÙÔÙ˘-

›· Î·È ÂÈηÈÚfiÙËÙ·. H ¤ÎÙ·ÛË ÙÔ˘ ÎÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘ ‰ÂÓÚ¤ÂÈ Ó· Â›Ó·È ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚË ·fi 900 ϤÍÂȘ.

ŸÛÔÓ ·ÊÔÚ¿ ÙȘ ÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈΤ˜ ‰ËÌÔÛȇÛÂȘ, ˘-Ô‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙ·È ÔÔÙ‰‹ÔÙÂ,Û ÙÚ›· ·ÓÙ›Ù˘·, ˘-·ÎÔ‡Ô˘Ó ÛÙȘ ‰ÈÂıÓ›˜ ÚԉȷÁڷʤ˜ ÂÈÛÙËÌÔ-ÓÈ΋˜ ÌÂıÔ‰ÔÏÔÁ›·˜, ‰ÂÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‰ËÌÔÛÈ¢ı› Ô‡ÙÂ

Ì ·Ú·Ï‹ÛÈ· ÌÔÚÊ‹ ‹ ÂÚȯfiÌÂÓÔ Û ¿ÏÏ· ¤ÓÙ˘-·, ÎÚ›ÓÔÓÙ·È ·fi ̤ÏË Ù˘ EÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈ΋˜ EÈÙÚÔ‹˜ Ù˘E˘Úˆ·˚΋˜ 'EÎÊÚ·Û˘, Ì ϋÚË ‰È·ÛÊ¿ÏÈÛË Ù˘ ·ÓÙÈÎÂÈÌÂ-ÓÈ΋˜ ÎÚ›Û˘ (·ÓˆÓ˘Ì›· ÙÔ˘ ÎÚÈÓÔ̤ÓÔ˘ Î·È ÙˆÓ ÎÚÈÓfiÓÙˆÓ, ÔÎÚÈÓfiÌÂÓÔ˜ ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÂ›Ù·È ‚¤‚·È· ÔÏfiÎÏËÚË ÙËÓ ÎÚ›ÛË) Î·È Ë

¤ÎÙ·Û‹ ÙÔ˘˜ Î˘Ì·›ÓÂÙ·È ÌÂٷ͇ 2000 - 3000 Ϥ͈Ó. O ˘Ô„‹-ÊÈÔ˜ ·ÔÛÙ¤ÏÏÂÈ Û‡ÓÙÔÌÔ ‚ÈÔÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi ÛËÌ›ˆÌ·.

™Â fiϘ ÙȘ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ Ì·˙› Ì οı ˘Ô‚ÔÏ‹ÎÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘ Û˘ÌÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÙ·È Î·È ÂÚ›ÏË„Ë ÛÂÌÈ· ¿ÏÏË ÁÏÒÛÛ· (·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ· ÛÙ· ·ÁÁÏÈο ‹ Ù·ÂÏÏËÓÈο) (100 - 200 ϤÍÂȘ). TÔ Î›ÌÂÓÔ ı· Ú¤-

ÂÈ Ó· ·ÔÛÙ¤ÏÏÂÙ·È Î·È Û ‰ÈÛΤٷ PC ÒÛÙ ӷ·ÔʇÁÔÓÙ·È ÔÈ ·‰˘Ó·Ì›Â˜ Ù˘ ‰·ÎÙ˘ÏÔÁÚ¿ÊËÛ˘ Î·È ÁÂÓÈοӷ ÂÈÙ·¯‡ÓÂÙ·ÈË ¤Î‰ÔÛË. K·Ïfi Â›Ó·È Â›Û˘ Ó· ·ÔÛÙ¤ÏÏÂ-Ù·È ÊˆÙÔÁÚ·Ê›· ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÁÁڷʤ·. XÂÈÚfiÁÚ·Ê·, ‰ÈÛΤÙ˜ ηȿÏÏ· ÚˆÙfiÙ˘· ‰ÂÓ ÂÈÛÙÚ¤ÊÔÓÙ·È.

A·ÁÔÚ‡ÂÙ·È ·˘ÛÙËÚ¿ Ë ÌÂÚÈ΋ ‹ ÔÏÈ΋ ·Ó·‰Ë-ÌÔÛ›Â˘ÛË ‹ ·Ó·‰È·ÓÔÌ‹ Ì ÔÔÈÔÓ‰‹ÔÙ ÙÚfiÔ,ÂÎÙfi˜ ·Ó ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ¤ÁÁÚ·ÊË ¿‰ÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ÂΉfiÙË. OÈÛ˘ÁÁÚ·Ê›˜, ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ·Ó·ÎÔ›ÓˆÛË Û' ·˘ÙÔ‡˜ Ù˘ıÂÙÈ΋˜ ÎÚ›Û˘ ÁÈ· ÌÂÏÏÔÓÙÈ΋ ‰ËÌÔÛ›Â˘ÛË ÙÔ˘

¿ÚıÚÔ˘ ÛÙËÓ E˘Úˆ·˚΋ 'EÎÊÚ·ÛË, ‰ÂÛ̇ÔÓÙ·È ·˘Ùfi Ó· ÌËÓ‰ËÌÔÛÈ¢ı› ÔÔ˘‰‹ÔÙ ·ÏÏÔ‡. OÈ Û˘ÁÁÚ·Ê›˜ Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÔ˘Ó‰ˆÚÂ¿Ó ‰‡Ô ·ÓÙ›Ù˘· ÙÔ˘ ÔÈΛԢ Ù‡¯Ô˘˜. H ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋ŒÎÊÚ·ÛË ‰È·ÙËÚ› ÙÔ ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈÎfi ‰Èη›ˆÌ· Ó· ‰È·Ó¤ÌÂÈ ÌÂÔÔÈÔ˘Û‰‹ÔÙ fiÚÔ˘˜, ¿ÚıÚ·, ÂÚÈÏ‹„ÂȘ ‹ Î·È ÔÏfiÎÏËÚË ÙËÓE˘Úˆ·˚΋ 'EÎÊÚ·ÛË ‰È·Ì¤ÛÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ ‰ÈÎÙ‡Ô˘ ÿÓÙÂÚÓÂÙ.

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ŒÙÔ˜ ›‰Ú˘Û˘: 1989

OÌ‹ÚÔ˘ 54, 106 72, Aı‹Ó·, ÙËÏ.: 3643223-4, fax: 36.46.953,e-mail: [email protected].

H Û˘Ó‰ÚÔÌ‹ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ηٷ‚ÏËı› ÛÙ· ÁÚ·Ê›· (ηıËÌÂÚÈÓ¿ 09.30 - 17.00, OÌ‹ÚÔ˘ 54), Ì ٷ¯˘‰ÚÔÌÈ΋ ÂÈÙ·Á‹·fi ÔÔÈÔ‰‹ÔÙ ٷ¯˘‰ÚÔÌÈÎfi ηٿÛÙËÌ·, ‹ Ó· ηٷÙÂı› ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÏÔÁ·ÚÈ·ÛÌÔ‡˜ 701/296002-87 Ù˘ EıÓÈ΋˜ TÚ·¤˙˘,

‹ 176-002101 - 023369 Ù˘ Alpha Bank Î·È Ó· Ì·˜ ÂȉÔÔÈ‹ÛÂÙ ۯÂÙÈο Ì ÙËÓ Î·Ù¿ıÂÛË.

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