ΝΟΡΒΗΓΙΑ ΚΑΙ ΥΔΡΟΓΟΝΑΝΘΡΑΚΕΣ
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Transcript of ΝΟΡΒΗΓΙΑ ΚΑΙ ΥΔΡΟΓΟΝΑΝΘΡΑΚΕΣ
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0
- 6/1/2014
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1
. , ,
.
, .
,
( )
[4] .
, '
.(Wikipedia)
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2
.
2000 2.7%, 0.8%
1999 1.3% 2001. (2000)
()
67%
.
, 1999
35% . , ,
.
.
, .. .
...
1972 1994 .
, ,
. ,
, ,
. ,
.
,
. (Wikipedia)
.
-
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3
Country statistical profile: Norway 2013
(Source: OECD Fact book statistics. For explanatory notes, see OECD Fact book
2013 (DOI: 10.1787/factbook-2013-en)
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4
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5
, 2008-2011
(% ) - : Eurostat
, .
.
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6
2011
.
, 2011
(% ) - : Eurostat
, 2011
(% ) - : Eurostat
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-
7
, 2011
(% ) - : Eurostat
: , http://www.npd.no
-
-
8
10
14
1971.
: 1.
2.
, 3. .
Fredrik Lindblom DLA
Piper Cyprus Natural Gas Conference :
1
.
.
. , .
2
.
3
.
Statoil Oil
Directorate. .
, ,
,
.
. 43 200.
.
-
-
9
4
.
.
, ,
. ,
.
,
.
.
5
. , (flaring)
.
,
.
6
, ,
-
.
20% . ,
, , , LNG
, , , .
7
.
,
.
8
-
-
10
.
, 1985 States Direct Financial
Interest. M ,
, 1 2011 SDFI
146 14
. SDFI Petoro AS.
, Gassco AS
.
Statoil ASA, 67%
41 .
9
62
.
.
10
. ,
,
Statoil.
-
-
11
.
,
White Papers .
- ,
.
.
(Source: NPD and the Norwegian fiscal budget)
.
,
.
:
,
-
-
12
40 ,
OLF (Oljeindustriens Landsforening)*, OLF
,
.
,
, StatoilHydro .
.
,
.
* Industry Association Oil (: Oljeindustriens Landsforening,
OLF) ,
Norwegian Enterprise.
:
SDFI** (
(SDFI) (: Staten direkte konomiske engasjement)
. Petoro SDFI
2001.).(Wikipedia)
Petoro* SDFI
.
StatoilHydro.
* Petoro, ,
.
(SDFI).
Statoil . H Petoro
. (Wikipedia)
-
-
13
.
2003
(APA) (NCS).
.
APA
. APA
, .
APA-,
.
.
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-
14
&
.
, ,
.
.
, . ,
.
. ,
,
.
.
.
,
, , .
.
.
: Loose vs. tight societies By Razib Khan | May 28, 2011 2:23 pm
Link: http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/05/loose-vs-tight-societies/#.UY1WGqI8CSq
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15
,
. ,
, .
,
.
-
-
16
,
Transparency International, 7
180 .
.
.
.
.
,
.
Source: www.transparency.no
-
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17
EITI (Extraction Industries Transparency
International) , ,
.
. ,
,
.
-
-
18
,
..
1965 1971.
,
, .
,
.
,
,
Lofoten. ,
5 (Sm3
), 4 Sm3
3 . .
-
-
19
.
: http://www.npd.no/Publikasjoner/Faktahefter/Fakta-2011/Kap-5/
-
-
20
. , 5
,
, , 90%
.
( ).
6 ,
2 . ..
. , 15%
.
75 . ,
.
1971. ,
.
,
(: , ).
: , http://www.npd.no
-
-
21
,
, 2008:
25% .
( , ).
30%
.
.
, ,
.
( , )
, 50 2008, 35
. 2009. ,
, 100 ,
.
(, )
20 ,
,
, (
),
(
),
.
28%,
78%.
British Petroleum
. ,
.
,
.
,
, ,
-
-
22
.
(
1990).
, ( ,
,
), .
;
.
,
,
. ( ,
, ,
.)
, 78%
, .
, ,
.
.
. , oljeskattekontoret,
,
( ):
:
, ,
78%.
,
, ,
.
.
, ,
,
-
-
23
. (
.)
.: ,
, .
, ..
.
,
.
:
,
. , ,
. ,
.
.:
.
.
,
.
-
-
24
.
. .
1960
.
,
.
:
, (
), ,
.
, (
), , , ,
,
.*
* .,.
. ,
.
,
.
, .
,
,
,
,
.
, .
140%
..-27,7
.
2,5%
( 1%)8
,
, .
,
-
-
25
,
1990.
**
. (
)
,
,
. 1995.
. ,
.
, ,
. 60% (
2011)
, .
.
,
, .
,
.
, ,
.
, 400 . (80.000
), . 2011,
. ,
.
, ,
.
. ,
2008.
, ,
. ,
,
-
-
26
,
.
,
.
, .
.
,
,
4% .
,
.
,
2001, .
4%
( )
,
. ,
:
% .
: http://www.npd.no/Publikasjoner/Faktahefter/Fakta-2011/Kap-3/
-
-
27
, ,
.
. ,
4%. , 2009,
.
, ,
, 4%. ,
.
,
10% .
:
. ,
,
/ . , ,
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
, .
,
, .
, 1% ,
,
.
-
-
28
H
,
, ,
.
(, ),
.
,
, .
sami ,
,
.
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
. ,
,
.
;
.
, . ,
.
-
-
29
:
,
.
,
.
, 4%
, ,
, .
.
,
,
.
.
, ,
. 25%
( ) 10%
, ,
. ,
,
.
, , 25
, 2010 7,3
Sm3 .., 2010 250 ,
,
30 .20 ,
,
.
.
, ,
, .
,
.
, .
-
-
30
.
,
:
,
,
.
( 3%),
. ,
, ,
,
,
, .
.
: .
-
-
31
( )
IAE.
(NCS).
,
,
. Mongstad
.
,
, . 2,16 mb / d
2010. ,
, 90%
.
.
( ) 1,9 mb
/ d 2010.
2002, (NCS)
. ,
. 2010
35% 2000, 25% 2005.
2010, 7,1
.
, .
NCS
.
NCS.
,
-
-
32
NCS. ,
' 1970 1980
. NCS
,
.
NCS,
.
, Lofoten
,
.
2010,
,
. 175 000
.
,
.
NCS, .
,
NCS.
-
-
33
2010 213 kb / d, 218
kb / d 2009 229 kb / d
2008.
2006
( )
2,7%.
,
.
, , /
.
. ,
30%.
.
. ( )
. ,
50%
, 28%. ,
78%.
-
-
34
, , .
,
(
), "
.
/
2,39 mb / d 2009,
90% . 308 kb / d
220 kb / d ( 2010),
,
.
2010 *
-
-
35
1 2007, Statoil ASA
Norsk Hydro .
62,5% . ,
Statoil, 2001
. ,
2008. 5 2009,
67%
, StatoilHydro ASA.
Statoil ASA 1 2009.
.
. Statoil
70%
(NCS). NCS,
.
2009, 137 14
.
-
-
36
,
Shell, Statoil, Esso Uno-X Energi
97% ,
(Statoil , Shell Esso), 80%
. Statoil ,
33% .
: Mongstad
Bergen , Esso
Slagen . 310 000
. Mongstad (200 kb / d)
SLAGEN (110 kb / d).
, NCS.
30% (90 kb / d)
, .
, 140 kb / d,
.
.
Statoil Oseberg Transport System (765 kb / d)
Oseberg Sture. Statoil
265 kb / d) Grane, Grane
Sture.
Sture 6,3 mb .
Statoil Troll I
II (565 kb / d), Mongstad .
9,4 mb .
Mongstad ,
.
Norpipe AS ConocoPhillips
AS. (810 kb / d) 354 .,
Ekofisk Continental Shelf
Teeside .
-
-
37
, ,
.
Bergen / Stavanger ,
, Mongstad.
, ,
. ,
SLAGEN, Toensberg, 100 .
-
-
38
26 , 17
, 50 .
- ,
400 ,
.
Slagen Mongstad,
15,7 mb ,
,
( ),
(
) -
(
).
.
. ,
(),
. ,
.
,
( ) , .
.
.
.
-
-
39
IAE
(IEP),
1975,
( - )
IEA.
IAE
(CERM) ,
.
1991 2005, ,
IAE ,
,
, ,
IAE. ,
IAE,
.
2006
().
( NESO),
.
EO
1982. , :
(MPE -
)
()
( )
-
-
40
(
).
MPE
EO, .
.
*=
**IAE= International Energy Agency
(
105,9 bcm 2009)
. ,
.
" 4,0 TCM,
69% 31% .
BP Statistical Review 2010
2,05 TCM.
2009,
103,2 . , 96,6 bcm
3,4 bcm Snhvit
.
(
), 2009 105,9 .
, 102 bcm 2008.
105 130
bcm 2010-2020,
.
Snhvit LNG
- Snhvit, Albatross
Askeladd ( 240m 345m ) - 140
Hammerfest .
2007
5.75 bcm ( ).
-
-
41
,
. ,
( 5%). 5,9 bcm
2009. 80% , 4,7 bcm,
,
.
,
767 mcm 2009 - 3,5%
. 1 .
,
,
.
.
95% (99,9
bcm 2009, 105,9 bcm).
( , ,
). Snhvit
,
.
-
-
42
, , Gasnor AS
Lyse Gass AS. Gasnor -
Lyse Gass Stavanger. Lyse Gass
59 . (580 GWh) 2009.
Gasnor 206.500.000 2009,
51,7 mcm .
. ,
.
:
Gasnor 100 . -
, Haugesund Karmy.
Lyse Gass AS 450 .
-
, Stavanger.
LNG-
. 2007,
30
.
LNG- .
Gassco
.
Gassco
2001. ,
.
Gassco
(), Zeebrugge (), Emden
Dornum ().
-
-
43
-
-
44
,
.
,
, 2009
5,9 bcm, 20%
. 80%
.
, .
,
. ,
,
.
IAE,
. ,
96%
.
, 2002-2003,
,
. ,
Naturkraft Krst. , 420 MW
, 253 . (NOK 2 .).
Krst
,
2007. 3%
(
175 000 ).
600 mcm , 0,5%
.
-
-
45
(LNG)- ()
LNG:
-161C
1/600
( )
( )
.
"" LNG
LNG
(
LNG)
-
-
46
(: Macleod Dixon LLP)
-
-
47
:
( Joule-Thomson)
( Claude)
(Pictet)
, ,
.
LNG
LNG
(boil-off gas), .
(, , ).
:
:
:
1.
2.
:
1.
2.
:
-
-
48
-
-
49
LNG
, ,
LNG
:
1. LNG
2. LNG :
(Boil-off)
3. LNG
4. LNG LNG
. LNG, 30
5. boil-off gas
6. boil-off
7. :
( )
( )
8. boil-off gas.
9.
LNG
-
-
50
LNG:
1
-
-
51
2
3
-
-
52
LNG
,
LNG.
30-35 .
:
1. (Conch, Gas Transport, Self Supporting)
2.
(
) boil-
off gas.
LNG
.
LNG:
1
-
-
53
2
(: Excelerate Energy LP)
-
-
54
LNG-
LNG
(13)
,
,
-
.
(13)
,
,
.
.
, 10
. 1,8
-
-
55
, (storage),
(vaporization)
().
.
-
-
56
, ,
.
.
.
2007
.
,
.
386
(),
. 30.000m3
177.000m3 300m.
130.000 .. ,
,
.
-
-
57
(13) 20%
.
,
spot ,
spot
.
.
11/5/2010.
, 45%
.., ( ). ,
2010
35%.
60 .
2000-2012
-
-
58
:
1. (40 100 bar)
2. (~ 20 bar)
3. (4 7 bar)
:
I.
II.
III.
:
1.
2.
3.
To :
1.
2. ,
3. ,
.
4.
5.
6.
7. ,
8.
9. ( )
10. (scrapper stations)
11.
( ,
, )
(Control Room)
12.
( )
13. , (SCADA)
14. ( , LNG)
-
-
59
1.
2. ()
3. ,
.
4.
.
.
.
:
1. , :
,
,
()
2. , ,
3. :
(Mangreb) - -
(Transmed)
(LNG) , , , , ,
4. , ,
5. , (Interconnector)
6.
7. ( )
, ( ).
(80%)
.
(.. ).
-
-
60
,
:
-
-
61
LNG LNG :
LNG 1990 - 2010 2020.
LNG (
: BP 2011) (
)
2030.
-
-
62
1960.
-
-
63
LNG 1996 2010.
BP
,
.
1996 2010. BP
,
.
-
-
64
LNG 1996 2010.
LNG 2012
.
-
-
65
LNG 2010. BP
(2011b).
LNG 2012
.
-
-
66
onstream 2009-2012
2013
.
-
-
67
LNG
(
)
(.. Nord Stream,
on stream 2011, Hook and Grain LNG
, ,
, on stream 2011). LNG
.
,
(NBP), Zeebrugge (TTF).
, LNG
. 2 3
, 2003 2010.
.
37%
-27 2003-2010 ( 241,7 330,5 bcm bcm).
52% 2003 65% 2010 (. 2).
1- 2008. (: Platts, 2011).
-
-
68
.
3 2003 2010 LNG
14,5% 2003 24,1% 2010.
, ,
.
2- . BP 2011
3- , - . BP 2011,
-
-
69
O -27 76%
2010 ( 86% 2003).
3,5% 2003-2010, ,
6,2%
2003-2010.
LNG ,
.
,
,
LNG.
5 LNG
2010-2025.
3,5% 5,0%
5,6%
.
.
LNG ,
. LNG
, LNG
. ,
4- . BP .
-
-
70
(.. Fukushima-
),
. 5
,
LNG.
30% 2020
2025.
.
5- , 2010-2025.
-
-
71
.
.
, 10
,
.
.
IEA(International
Energy Agency) ,
.
.
:
,
.
20
,
.
,
.
20
.
,
.
-
-
72
.
.
.
-
-
73
10 ,
www.SigmaLive.com
Information from the Government and the Ministries ,www.regjeringen.no
DOING BUSINESS IN NORWAY,
http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/etiquette/doing-business-norway.html
:
, Hubert Faustmann ,Ayla Grel Gregory M.
Reichberg, pp:63-76
IEA (NORWAY 2011- OIL AND GAS SECURITY-EMERGENCY
RESPONSE OF IEA COUNTRIES,pp:2-16
53-56 www.desfa.gr non paper: -
.
44-52 57-59 -
-
, http://www.chemeng.ntua.gr/
Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering- A review and outlook for the
global LNG trade-David A. Wood, DWA Energy Limited, Lincoln, United
Kingdom
http://www.regjeringen.no/http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/etiquette/doing-business-norway.htmlhttp://www.desfa.gr/