Arduino κόμικ (της Jody Culkin, μετάφραση Άννα Μαραγκουδάκη)
∆ήµος 1 Άννα Μπίθα2 -...
18
[16] ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΟ ΠΕΡΙΟΔΙΚΟ ΤΗΣ ΝΟΣΗΛΕΥΤΙΚΗΣ ΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΗΣ ΑΝΑΣΚΟΠΗΣΗ ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗ Εισαγωγή: Το μοντέλο της παραδοσιακής δυτικής ιατρικής ολοένα και περισσότερο εμπλουτίζεται με εναλλακτικές μεθόδους διαχείρισης και αντιμετώπισης των ασθενειών. Η γιόγκα είναι μία τεχνική σωματικών ασκήσεων, μεθό- δων αναπνοής, διαλογισμού και χαλάρωσης η οποία θεωρείται ότι ενδεχομένως έχει ευεργετικές επιδράσεις στους ασθενείς με καρκίνο. Σκοπός: η κριτική αξιολόγηση και παρουσίαση των ευρημάτων των συστηματικών ανασκοπήσεων και μετα-ανα- λύσεων που είναι διαθέσιμες στη διεθνή βιβλιογραφία αναφορικά με τις επιδράσεις της γιόγκα στους ασθενείς με καρκίνο. Μεθοδολογία: Πραγματοποιήθηκε αναζήτηση σε πέντε (5) βάσεις δεδομένων: PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science και Cochrane Database of systematic Reviews. Για την κριτική της υπάρχουσας βιβλιογραφίας χρησιμοποι- ήθηκε το μοντέλο Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis, ενώ η ποιοτική αξιολόγηση των υπό μελέτη ανασκοπήσεων έγινε σύμφωνα με τα κριτήρια του Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews. Κριτήρια για την ένταξη των άρθρων στη παρούσα μελέτη ήταν η Αγγλική γλώσσα, η διεξαγωγή μελετών σε ενηλίκους και η εκτίμηση της επίδρασης της γιόγκα ως μεθόδου παρέμβασης. Αποτελέσματα: Στην παρούσα μελέτη συμπεριλήφθηκαν 16 σχετικές μελέτες, που εντοπίστηκαν. Τα ευρήματα βρέθη- καν να είναι αντικρουόμενα, παρόλο που υπάρχουν ενδείξεις που ευνοούν τη γιόγκα σε ορισμένους τύπους καρκίνου. Συγκεκριμένα, αναφέρεται βελτίωση της ποιότητας ζωής των ασθενών, ελάττωση του άγχους, βελτίωση της ψυχικής υγείας και της κόπωσης, αλλά όχι ελάττωση του πόνου, στις γυναίκες με καρκίνο μαστού. Επίσης, δεν βρέθηκε καμία στατιστικά σημαντική επίδραση σε ασθενείς με αιματολογικές κακοήθειες. Συμπεράσματα: Η επίδραση της γιόγκα φαίνεται να επηρεάζει σε μικρό βαθμό την ποιότητα ζωής, την κόπωση, τις διαταραχές ύπνου, το άγχος και την κατάθλιψη ασθενών με καρκίνο. Παρόλο που έχουν διεξαχθεί αρκετές τυχαιοποι- ημένες μελέτες, δεν μπορεί να διατυπωθεί το συμπέρασμα για το αν η γιόγκα είναι ωφέλιμη σε όλες τις περιπτώσεις καρκίνου και συνεπώς χρειάζεται ιδιαίτερη προσοχή από τα άτομα που την εφαρμόζουν. Λέξεις Κλειδιά: Γιόγκα, καρκίνος, παρέμβαση Επιδράσεις της Γιόγκα (Yoga) στους ασθενείς με καρκίνο: Δευτερογενής Ανάλυση των Συστηματικών Ανασκοπήσεων / Μετα-Αναλύσεων Δήμος Μαστρογιάννης 1 , Άννα Μπίθα 2 1. Καθηγητής Εφαρμογών, PhD, MSc, Τ μήμα Νοσηλευτικής, Τ.Ε.Ι. Στερεάς Ελλάδας 2. Νοσηλεύτρια, Γ.Ν.Ν.Θ.Α. «Η ΣΩΤΗΡΙΑ» Υπεύθυνος Αλληλογραφίας: Άννα Μπίθα Διεύθυνση Επικοινωνίας: Δανάης 12, Γέρακας, Αθήνα Ηλεκτρονική Διεύθυνση: [email protected] Τηλέφωνο: 6939246099 Ημερομηνία Υποβολής: 30/04/2016 Ημερομηνία Δημοσίευσης:10/07/2016 2016, 9(3): 16-33
Transcript of ∆ήµος 1 Άννα Μπίθα2 -...
[16] !""#$%&' (!)%'*%&' +#, $',#"!-+%&#, !(%,+#.#,
!"!#$%&'#'
!"#$%&'&"()*+,+-: !" µ"#$%&" $'( )*+*,"-.*/0( ,1$./0( .*$+./0( "&"%#* /*. )2+.--3$2+" 2µ)&"1$452$*. µ2 2#*&&*/$./%( µ263,"1( ,.*724+.-'( /*. *#$.µ2$8).-'( $9# *-62#2.8#. : ;.3;/* 24#*. µ4* $27#./0 -9µ*$./8# *-/0-29#, µ263-,9# *#*)#"0(, ,.*&";.-µ"< /*. 7*&=+9-'( ' ")"4* 629+24$*. 3$. 2#,27"µ%#9( %72. 212+;2$./%( 2).,+=-2.( -$"1( *-62#24( µ2 /*+/4#"../0123: ' /+.$./0 *>."&3;'-' /*. )*+"1-4*-' $9# 21+'µ=$9# $9# -1-$'µ*$./8# *#*-/")0-29# /*. µ2$*-*#*-&<-29# )"1 24#*. ,.*6%-.µ2( -$' ,.26#0 ?.?&.";+*@4* *#*@"+./= µ2 $.( 2).,+=-2.( $'( ;.3;/* -$"1( *-62#24( µ2 /*+/4#".45607080+9*: A+*;µ*$")".06'/2 *#*50$'-' -2 )%#$2 (5) ?=-2.( ,2,"µ%#9#: PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science /*. Cochrane Database of systematic Reviews. B.* $'# /+.$./0 $'( 1)=+7"1-*( ?.?&.";+*@4*( 7+'-.µ")".-06'/2 $" µ"#$%&" Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis, 2#8 ' )"."$./0 *>."&3;'-' $9# 1)3 µ2&%$' *#*-/")0-29# %;.#2 -<µ@9#* µ2 $* /+.$0+.* $"1 Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews. C+.$0+.* ;.* $'# %#$*>' $9# =+6+9# -$' )*+"<-* µ2&%$' 0$*# ' D;;&./0 ;&8--*, ' ,.2>*;9;0 µ2&2$8# -2 2#'&4/"1( /*. ' 2/$4µ'-' $'( 2)4,+*-'( $'( ;.3;/* 9( µ263,"1 )*+%µ?*-'(.:10;58<)µ*;*: E$'# )*+"<-* µ2&%$' -1µ)2+.&0@6'/*# 16 -72$./%( µ2&%$2(, )"1 2#$")4-$'/*#. !* 21+0µ*$* ?+%6'-/*# #* 24#*. *#$./+"13µ2#*, )*+3&" )"1 1)=+7"1# 2#,24>2.( )"1 21#""<# $' ;.3;/* -2 "+.-µ%#"1( $<)"1( /*+/4#"1. E1;/2/+.µ%#*, *#*@%+2$*. ?2&$49-' $'( )".3$'$*( 590( $9# *-62#8#, 2&=$$9-' $"1 =;7"1(, ?2&$49-' $'( F17./0( 1;24*( /*. $'( /3)9-'(, *&&= 37. 2&=$$9-' $"1 )3#"1, -$.( ;1#*4/2( µ2 /*+/4#" µ*-$"<. G)4-'(, ,2# ?+%6'/2 /*µ4* -$*$.-$./= -'µ*#$./0 2)4,+*-' -2 *-62#24( µ2 *.µ*$"&";./%( /*/"062.2(..=µ15>?)µ*;*: : 2)4,+*-' $'( ;.3;/* @*4#2$*. #* 2)'+2=52. -2 µ./+3 ?*6µ3 $'# )".3$'$* 590(, $'# /3)9-', $.( ,.*$*+*7%( <)#"1, $" =;7"( /*. $'# /*$=6&.F' *-62#8# µ2 /*+/4#". A*+3&" )"1 %7"1# ,.2>*7624 *+/2$%( $17*.")".-'µ%#2( µ2&%$2(, ,2# µ)"+24 #* ,.*$1)9624 $" -1µ)%+*-µ* ;.* $" *# ' ;.3;/* 24#*. 9@%&.µ' -2 3&2( $.( )2+.)$8-2.( /*+/4#"1 /*. -1#2)8( 7+2.=52$*. .,.*4$2+' )+"-"70 *)3 $* =$"µ* )"1 $'# 2@*+µ35"1#.
%<@5(3 A85(7(?: B.3;/*, /*+/4#"(, )*+%µ?*-'
!"#$%&'(#) *+) ,#-./0 (Yoga) '*12) 0'3(4(5) µ( /0%/541: 6(2*(%1.(47) 84&92'+ *:4 ;2'*+µ0*#/<4
840'/1"7'(:4 / =(*0-8409>'(:4
()µ*+ ,-./0*123445+1, 644- ,789-2
1. $-9515/)+ :;-0µ*1<4, PhD, MSc, =µ)µ- "*.5>?@/2A)+, =.:.B. #/?0?3+ :>>3C-+2. "*.5>?D/02-, E.".".F.!. «' #G='HB!»
I7?D9@4*+ !>>5>*10-;8-+: 644- ,789-([email protected] :72A*24J48-+: (-435+ 12, EK0-A-+, !9)4-'>?A/0*42A) ([email protected]: [email protected]=5>K;J4*: 6939246099
'µ?0*µ548- I7*L*>)+: 30/04/2016'µ?0*µ548- (5µ*[email protected]+:10/07/2016
2016, 9(3): 16-33
!"#"$ 9 - !%&'"$ 3 [17]
!"!#$%&'#'
!"#$%&%'
( ! µ!"#$%! #&' ()*)+!,-)./' +0#-./' -)#*-./' !%!-$") .)- (1*-,,2#1*! 1µ(%!0#341#)- µ1 ,0µ(%&*5-µ)#-.$' .)- 1")%%).#-.$' µ162+!0' +-)713*-,&'
.)- )"#-µ1#8(-,&' #5" ),61"1-8" (!0 (*!$*7!"#)- )(2 #&" 9")#!%/. : +&µ!#-.2#&#) #&' ,0µ(%&*5µ)#-./' .)- 1")%%).#-./' -)#*-./' 13")- );-!,&µ135#&, µ1 #!" 1(-(!-%),µ2 7*/,&' #5" ,0µ(%&*5µ)#-.8" .)- 1")%%).#-.8" µ162+5" 61*)(13)' ") )"$*71#)- ,#-' :"5µ$"1' <!%--#131' #&' 9µ1*-./' ,#! 42% (Eisenberg et al 1998) .)- ,#! 20% ,#! ="5µ$"! >),3%1-! (Ernst & White 2000).
: ?-2?.) )"/.1- ,#&" .)#&?!*3) #5" ,0µ(%&*5µ)#--.8" .)- 1")%%).#-.8" ()*1µ@A,15" (!0 13")- ?"5,#$' 5' 61*)(131' ,8µ)#!' - µ0)%!B (mind-body therapies) (!0 $7!0" ,#27! ") @1%#-8,!0" #&" -.)"2#&#) #!0 "!0 ") 1(-+*A ,#-' ,5µ)#-.$' %1-#!0*?31' .)- #) ,0µ(#8µ)#) (Kramlich 2014). : %$;& ?-2?.) (yoga) (*!$*71#)- )(2 #&" ,)",.*-#-./ *34) “yuj” (!0 ,&µ)3"1- 1"8"5-$"5,& (“to yoke”, “to join”). =µC)"3,#&.1 ,#&" D"+3) (1*3(!0 #! 3000 (.E. ,BµC5") µ1 )*7)-!%!?-.$' µ)*#0*31' (Raj 1994) .)- (1*-%)µ@A"1- #17"-.$' ,5µ)#-.8" ),./,15" (asanas), µ162+5" )")("!/' (pranayama), +-)%!?-,µ!B (dhyana), F)%µ8" (mantras) .)- +-+),.)%-8" C-%!,!C--.8" 615*-8" (sutras), µ1 ,.!(2 #&" (*!)?5?/ #&' 0?13-)' .)- #&' 7)%A*5,&' (Satchidananda 2011). <1*3(!0 31 1.)#!µµB*-) 1"/%-.5" Aµ1*-.)"8" (!%-#8" $7!0" 1;),.&613 ,#& ?-2?.) .0*35' ?-) (*2%&F& ),61"1-8" .)- ?-) )").!BC-,& )(2 (2"!0' ,#& µ$,& (Cramer et al 2016).
: (*8#& #07)-!(!-&µ$"& .%-"-./ µ1%$#& ?-) #) !C$%& #&' ?-2?.) +&µ!,-1B6&.1 ,#! (1*-!+-.2 Lancet #! 1975, µ1 10*/µ)#) (!0 0(2,7!"#)" µ-) "$) .)- 5C$%-µ& (*!-,$??-,& ,#&" )"#-µ1#8(-,& #&' 0($*#),&', .)68' & ?-2-?.) )(!+1376&.1 (-! )(!#1%1,µ)#-./ µ$6!+!' )(2 #&" ;1.!B*),& ?-) #& µ135,& #&' 0F&%/' )*#&*-)./' (31,&' (Patel 1975). G.#!#1 ).!%!B6&,)" (!%%$' µ1%$#1' µ1 #! ,0"!%-.2 )*-6µ2 A*6*5" (!0 ,71#34!"#)- µ1 #& ?-2?.) ,#& @A,& +1+!µ$"5" PubMed )(2 #!1950-2012 ") )"$*-71#)- ,1 2.099, 1. #5" !(!35" 498 (24%) ") 13")- .%-"-.$'
µ1%$#1' (yoga trials) .)- 324 ,0,#&µ)#-.$' )"),.!(/,1-' (McCall 2014). H1 (*2,C)#1' +&µ!,-1B,1-', & 1;A,.&-,& #&' ?-2?.) $71- +13;1- 61#-.$' 1(-+*A,1-' ,1 ,0?.1-.*-µ$"1' .)#),#A,1-' 0?13)' ,0µ(1*-%)µ@)"!µ$"5" #!0 7*2"-!0 (2"!0 (Wren 2011), #!0 A,6µ)#!' (Bidwell 2012), #5" .)*+-)??1-).8" ()6/,15" (Raub 2002), #!0 ,0"+*2µ!0 101*$6-,#!0 1"#$*!0 (Kuttner 2006), #!0 µ1#)@!%-.!B ,0"+*2µ!0 (Innes 2005), #!0 ,).7)*8+& +-)@/#& (Pandey 2011), F07-)#*-.8" +-)#)*)78" 2(5' .)#A6%-F& .)- A?7!' (Cabral 2011), .)- #!0 .)*.3"!0 (Culos-Reed 2006, Banerjee 2007, Bower 2012). D+-)3#1-*) +1 ?-) #!" .)*.3"!, & ,&µ)"#-./ )B;&,& #5" +&µ!,--1B,15" ,0"-,#A µ-) (1*-!7/ )")+02µ1"!0 1*10"&#-.!B 1"+-)C$*!"#!' (McCall 2014).
I! 2012 )")C$*6&.)" 14.1 1.)#!µµB*-) "$5" (1*--(#8,15" .)*.3"!0 .)- 32.6 1.)#!µµB*-) 1"&%3.5" ,0-"!%-.A µ1 .)*.3"! ()?.!,µ35' (Ferlay et al 2013). <A"5 )(2 #! 40% #5" 1"/%-.5" .)*.-"!()68" (!0 %Aµ@)"1 7&µ1-!61*)(13), !*µ!"!61*)(13), ).#-"!61*)(13) / 1371 0(!@%&613 ,1 71-*!0*?-./ 1($µ@),& )"$C1*1 7*/-,& ,0µ(%&*5µ)#-.8" .)- 1")%%).#-.8" 61*)(1-8" µ1 ,.!(2 #& @1%#35,& #&' +-)713*-,&' #5" ,0µ(#5µA#5" .)- #&' ,71#-42µ1"&' µ1 #&" 0?13) (!-2#&#)' #&' 45/' (Fouladbakhsh & Stommel 2010, Horneber et al 2012). : ?-2?.) 5' ,0µ(%&*5µ)#-./ .)- 1")%%).#-./ µ$6!+!' 61*)(13)' 1C)*µ241#)- ,#!0' .)*.-"!()613' ?-) @1%#35-,& #&' +-A61,&' .)- #!0 10 4&" #!0' (Anderson & Taylor 2012, Chandawani et al 2012).
J- ,0,#&µ)#-.$' )"),.!(/,1-' .)- !- µ1#)-)")%B,1-' 615*!B"#)- 5' #) (*2#0() (gold standard) ?-) #!" .)6!-*-,µ2 #5" 1(-+*A,15" µ-)' ()*$µ@),&' ,1 $") )(!#$-%1,µ) (Higgins & Green 2011, Shorten & Shorten 2013). H0"1(8', 13")- )()*)3#&#& & ,0,#&µ)#-./ )"),.2(&,& #5" (*!&?!Bµ1"5" )"),.!(/,15" µ1 ,.!(2 #&" ()*!-7/ #5" )()*)3#" (%&*!C!*-8" ,#!0' 1()??1%µ)#31' 0?13)' ?-) #& %/F& )(!CA,15" @),-,µ$"5" ,1 1"+13-;1-' .)- ,0,#A,15" (!0 )C!*!B" ,#-' 1(-+*A,1-' µ-)' ()*$µ@),&' ,1 $") )(!#$%1,µ) .)68' .)- #&" ()*!7/ ,#!0' 1*10"&#$' (*!#A,15" ?-) µ1%%!"#-./ +-1*1B"&,&
($#")$ #'*!"$
)*+*),- ./0123, 456)3 7-8 7-5.9:8;<3 7-8 45< =):5+>4< 5<3 #?&@
583 ,8-5-6-0A3 B*C12. D)C ):-55EC)8 5- )*+*),- *FC12
< /8F/7- G-+C)5-8 C- ,6- 9)587. )CE ,)C A0)8
4<µ-C587H )*+,6-4< 4) .C,6)3 µ) .::12 5B*12 7-67+C12, F*>3 :AµG>µ- Hodgkin’s, 7-67+C1 *C)Bµ1C- H /-456)C5)6871B 4245Hµ-513
7-8 5123 )C,)0Fµ)C123 78C,BC123 -*F 5<C 2819A5<4< 5<3 /8F/7- >3 µA91,1 *-6Aµ=-4<3 4) -49)C)+3 µ) 7-67+C1 7-8 C- 5< 4245HC12C µ) *61410H
[18] !""#$%&' (!)%'*%&' +#, $',#"!-+%&#, !(%,+#.#,
!"!#$%&'#'
(Smith et al 2011).!"#$%& '(& $)*#+,)& )-),"%$(,(& ./-)0 ( "*0'0"1
)20#3%4(,( '5- .6*(µ7'5- '5- ,6,'(µ)'0"8- )-),"#-$1,.5- ")0 µ.')-)-)3+,.5- $#6 ./-)0 90):;,0µ.& ,'( 90.:-1 <0<30#4*)=/) )-)=#*0"7 µ. '0& .$09*7,.0& '(& 40%4") ,'#6& ),:.-./& µ. ")*"/-#.
!"#$%$&$'()*+,-./0µ12 µ,34562>*)4µ)'#$#01:(". )-)?1'(,( ,. $;-'. (5) <7,.0& 9.9#-µ;-5-: PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science ")0 Cochrane Database of systematic Reviews 40) ') ;'( µ.'7 '# 2006 ('.3.6')/) 9.").'/)). @ )*0:µ%& '5- µ.3.-'8- $#6 $*#;"6A)- ,') 907=#*) ,'790) '(& )-)?1'(,(&, $)*#6,07?#-')0 ,'# 9074*)µµ) 1.
B)'7 '(- )-)?1'(,(, C*(,0µ#$#01:(")- #0 3;2.0&-"3.0907: yoga, cancer, systematic review, meta-analysis ")0 ,6-96),µ#/ '#6&. @0 ,644*)=./& 60#:;'(,)- '# µ#-';3# Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 40) '( 90.2)4541 '(& "*0'0"1& )-),"%$(,(& '(& 6$7*C#6,)& <0<30#4*)=/-)& (Liberati et al 2009), .-8 ( µ.:#9#3#40"1 $#0%'(') '5- 6$% µ.3;'( )-),"#$1,.5- ;40-. ,+µ=5-) µ. ') "*0'1-*0) '#6 .*4)3./#6 Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) (Shea et al 2007),<, Shea et al 2009, Kang et al 2009). D) C)*)"'(*0,'0"7 '5- µ.3.'8- $)*#6-,07?#-')0 ,'#- $/-)") 1.
B*0'1*0) 40) '(- .$03#41 '5- 7*:*5- 1')- ( E4430"1 438,,), ( 90.2)4541 µ.3.'8- ,. .-(3/"#6& ")0 ( ."'/-µ(,( '(& .$/9*),(& '(& 40%4") 5& µ.:%9#6 $)*;µ<)-,(&. F.- 6$1*2. $.*0#*0,µ%& 5& $*#& '# µ;4.:#& '#6 9./4µ)'#& '5- µ.3.'8- ")0 5& $*#& '# C*%-# $)*)"#-3#+:(,(&. G .2)4541 '5- 9.9#µ;-5- $*)4µ)'#$#01:(-". )$% )µ=%'.*#6& '#6& ,644*)=./& ")0 ,. %3) ') ,'7-90) 6$1*2. )$%36'( #µ#=5-/). D) C)*)"'(*0,'0"7 '5- µ.3.'8- $#6 ")')4*7=(")- ./-)0 '# ./9#& '(& µ.3;'(&, # ,6-#30"%& )*0:µ%& ,6µµ.'.C%-'5-, # '+$#& ")*"/-#6, #0 $)*.µ<7,.0& $#6 $*)4µ)'#$#01:(")-, ') )$#'.3;,µ)') ")0 #0 $.*0#*0,µ#/. G .$.2.*4),/) '5- 9.9#µ;-5- ;40-. µ. '( µ;:#9# ,+4"*0,(& '5- $*#'6$#$#0(µ;-5- µ;,5- '0µ8- (SMD). D# ,')'0,'0"% $)";'# $#6 C*(,0µ#$#01:(". 1')- '# Comprehensive Meta-analysis v.3.
E*C0"7, )$% '(- )-)?1'(,( $*#;"6A)- ,6-#30"7 5662 .µ=)-/,.0& 7*:*5-. G $3.0#A(=/) )6'8- (5550) )$#"3./,'(". <7,.0 '/'3#6 1/")0 $.*/3(A(&. !'( ,6--;C.0), ,') 112 7*:*) $#6 .$03;C:(")-, $*#,';:(")- )"%µ( ;20 $#6 <*;:(")- )$% $*#,5$0"1 )-)?1'(,( '5- ,644*)=;5-. E$% ') 118 7*:*), )$#"3./,:(")- )*".-'7, ./'. 5& 90$3#.44*)=;& (22), ./'. 5& µ( ,C.'0"7 µ. '# ,"#$% '(& $)*#+,)& µ.3;'(& (61), .-8, 9.- 6$1*2. .=0-"'1 ( )-.+*.,( $31*#6& ".0µ;-#6 40) 6 7*:*). D.30"7, ,'(- "*0'0"1 )-),"%$(,( ,6µ$.*031=:(,)- 16 µ.3;'.&, ." '5- #$#/5- #0 6 $.*0./C)- .$)*"1 9.9#µ;-) 40) $.-
*)0';*5 ,')'0,'0"1 .$.2.*4),/). !'# 9074*)µµ) 1 )$.0-"#-/?.')0 ( 90)90"),/) )-)?1'(,(& ")0 )$#"3.0,µ#+ '5- µ.3.'8-.
G ,6µ=5-/) µ.')2+ '5- 9+# )20#3#4('8- 5& $*#& '(- )20#3%4(,( '(& µ.:#9#3#40"1& $#0%'(')& '5- µ.3.-'8- ,+µ=5-) µ. '(- "3/µ)") AMSTAR, 1')- )$%36'(. G 907µ.,( '0µ1 40) '( µ.:#9#3#40"1 $#0%'(') '5- µ.3.'8- 1')- 80% (.37C0,'(: 55%, µ;40,'(: 82%) ($/-)")& 1). H,'%-,#, ( ,C.'0"7 6A(31 )6'1 '0µ1 9.- )-)0*./ '# 4.4#-%& %'0 #0 .$0µ;*#6& ,6,'(µ)'0";& )-),"#$1,.0& .µ$.*0./C)- ")0 )*".';& µ.3;'.& C)µ(31& µ.:#9#3#40"1& $#0%'(')&.
D) C)*)"'(*0,'0"7 '5- µ.3.'8- ,'(- "*0'0"1 )-)-,"%$(,( ")0 )-736,( $)*#6,07?#-')0 ,'#- $/-)") 2. E$% '0& µ.3;'.& $#6 ,6µ$.*0.31=:(,)-, ( $3.0#A(=/) )-)=;*.')0 ,. ),:.-./& $#6 ;$),C)- )$% ")*"/-# '#6 µ),'#+, .-8 3/4.& µ.3;'.& )-)=;*#-')- ,. ),:.-./& $#6 ;$),C)- ")0 )$% 733) ./9( ")*"/-#6, %$5& 3;µ=5µ) Hodgkin’s ")0 ")*"/-# $-.+µ#-) ")0 4),'*.-'.*0"#+ ,6,'1µ)'#&. @ )*0:µ%& '5- ,6µµ.'.C%-'5- )-7 ,6,'(-µ)'0"1 )-),"%$(,(, $#0"/3. )$% 39 (Felbel et al 2014) ;5& 3694 (Mishra et al 2014).
I.473( .'.*#4;-.0) .µ=)-/,'(". 5& $*#& '# ./-9#& 40%4") $#6 µ.3.'1:(". (Iyengar, Patanjali, Hatha, Modified Hatha, Viniyoga, Tibetan, Sahaja, Restorative, Asanas, Pranayama, Yoga awareness, Yoga stretches, Yoga education class, Yoga in Daily Life System, MBSR: gentle yoga), '( 907*".0) ")0 '( ,6C-%'(') '5- ,6-.9*0-8- µ.')2+ '5- µ.3.'8-. G C*#-0"1 907*".0) '(& $)*;µ-<),(& µ. ,6-.9*/.& 40%4") $#0"/3. )$% µ/) µ%-# ,6-.-9*/) (Sharma et al 2013) ;5& ;-) (Mishra et al 2014) ")0 9+# ;'( (Sharma et al 2013). G C*#-0"1 907*".0) '(& "7:. ,6-.9*/)& "6µ)0-%')- )$% 10 3.$'7 (Samuel et al 2015) ;5& 120 3.$'7 (Mustian 2013).
)7$8"&"*!)8)9:+;2J0) '( µ;'*(,( '#6 74C#6& ,'0& µ.3;'.& $#6 ,6µ$.*031-=:(,)- ,'(- $)*#+,) .*4),/), <*;:(". %'0 C*(,0µ#-$#01:(")- 907=#*) .*4)3./), µ.')2+ 7335- '# Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-E), '# State Trait Aanxiety Inventory (STAI) ")0 '# Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CESD). G )-),"%$(,( )337 ")0 ( ,')'0,'0"1 )-736,( '5- µ.3.'8- 9./C-.0 %'0 ( 40%4") µ.0-8-.0 ') .$/$.9) '#6 74C#6& (<=>/?/2 2 ?/. -.@:A/µµ/ 2).
B/[email protected] J0) '(- ."'/µ(,( '(& ")'7:30A(&, µ.')2+ 7335-, C*(-,0µ#$#01:(")- .*4)3./) µ;'*(,(& %$5& '# Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D), '# Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CESD) ")0 '# Symptoms Checklist Revised (SCL-90-R). G )-),"%$(-,( )337 ")0 ( ,')'0,'0"1 )-736,( '5- µ.3.'8- 9./C-.0 %'0 ( 40%4") ./-)0 .6.*4.'0"1 ,'( µ./5,( '5- '0µ8- '(&
!"#"$ 9 - !%&'"$ 3 [19]
!"!#$%&'#'
!"#$%&'()* (!"#$%$& 2 %$' (')*+$µµ$ 3).
,"-./µ$ -01#$23+'$&/.4"5/ +'" #), -!#.µ)/) #0, -1'1230, /#-,"456'"*/%&.()*, 46)/'µ717'8%)!", -.#- 917!&.µ"!-* -6:"&-.0,, ;10* #7 Global Severity Index (GSI) !"' #7 SCL-90-R, -.#- -6-:"&-." 179 2479, /4-3'"/#-. :'" #) µ2#6)/) "9#8* #)* µ-#"<&)#8*, ;10* #7 Distress Mood Index (DMI), 8 -6:"-&-." #" 717." -,324-#"' ," µ), -.,"' -1"6!8 :'" "9#; #7 /!71;, ;10* #7 Impact of Events Scale (IES). = ","/!;-1)/) "&&$ !"' ) /#"#'/#'!8 ",$&9/) #0, µ-&-#5, 23-'>- ;#' ) :';:!" 24-' "/%-,8 -9-6:-#'!8 -1.36"/), ;µ0*, 3-, 91$64-' /9µ?0,." µ-#">@ ;&0, #0, µ-&-#)#5, (!"#$-%$& 2 %$' (')*+$µµ$ 4).
67!8-/ +'" #), -!#.µ)/) #)* !;10/)*, /#'* µ-&2#-* 2:',- 468-/) 3'"?;60, -6:"&-.0, µ2#6)/)*, ;10* #7 Fatigue Symptom Inventory (FSI), #7 Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI), #7 Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Fatigue (FACT-F), !"%5* !"' )µ-67&7:.79 179 !6"#7@/", 7' "/%-,-.*. = ","/!;1)/) "&&$ !"' ) /#"#'/#'!8 ",$&9/) #0, µ-&-#5, 23-'>- ;#' ) :';:!" 24-' µ'!68 -9-6:-#'!8 -1.36"/) 406.* ;µ0* ," 91$64-' 7µ7?0,." µ-#">@ ;&0, #0, µ-&-#)#5, (!"#$%$& 2 %$' (')*+$µµ$ 5).
9210':7µ1#/ µ1 0/# ;*1"$ <='70/0$ >8?& (9;<>)+'" #), -!#.µ)/) #)* ABCD (HRQoL), 9186>- 17'!'&." /#), 9'7%2#)/) -6:"&-.0, µ2#6)/)*. E-#">@ $&&0,, 46)-/'µ717'8%)!- #7 European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Version 3.0 (EORTC QLQ-C30), ) SF-12 !"' #7 SF-36. F, !"' ) 1&-'7()?." #0, µ-&-#5, "&&$ !"' ) /#"#'/#'-!8 ",$&9/) "9#5, 23-'>- ," 91$64-' %-#'!8 -1.36"/) #)* :';:!" /#) ABCD, -,#7@#7'*, ) @1"6>) 3'"/#)µ$#0, -µ1'/#7/@,)* 179 -µ1-6'!&-.79, #7 µ)32, "&&$ !"' "6-,)#'!5, #'µ5,, 3-, -1'#621-' #), $!6'#) 9'7%2#)/) #)* %-#'!8* #$/)* #)* 1&-'7()?."* #0, µ-&-#5, (!"#$%$& 2 %$' (')*+$µµ$ 6).
<7#=&+'" #), -!#.µ)/) #0, -1'1230, #79 1;,79, /#'* µ-&2-#-* <62%)!- ," 46)/'µ717'7@,#"' -6:"&-." ;10* #7 European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30), #7 Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI) !"' )µ-67&;-:'" !"#":6"?8*. F1; #) µ-&2#) 3-, ?$,)!- ) :';:!" ," 24-' %-#'!8 -1.36"/) /#) µ-.0/) #79 1;,79 (!"#$%$& 2 %$' (')*+$µµ$ 7).
@1'0=A+*'%70/0$= -!#.µ)/) #)* /0µ"#'!8* &-'#796:'!;#)#"* 2:',- !96.-0* µ- #) 468/) 917!&'µ$!0, -6:"&-.0, ;10* #)* SF-
36 !"' #79 Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G). = ","/!;1)/) "&&$ !"' ) /#"#'/#'!8 ",$&9/) #0, µ-#"-","&@/-0,, 23-'>- ;#' ) :';:!" 24-' 81'" -9-6:-#'!8 -1.36"/) /#) <-&#.0/) #)* /0µ"#'!8* &-'#796:'!;#)#"*, 406.*, 1"6$&&)&", ," ","?267,#"' '3'-".#-6" /)µ",#'!$ 167<&8µ"#" "/?$&-'"* !"#$ #), -?"6-µ7:8 #)* (!"#$%$& 2 %$' (')*+$µµ$ 8).
98µ$0'%? 1A1B"$ = -!#.µ)/) #)* /0µ"#'!8* -9->."* 2:',- !96.0* µ- #) 468/) 917!&'µ$!0, !"' 3'"/#$/-0, "1; 3'$?76" -6:"&-." ;10* #)* SF-36, #)* SF-12, #79 Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT). = ","/!;1)-/) "&&$ !"' ) /#"#'/#'!8 ",$&9/) #0, µ-#"-","&@/-0, 23-'>- ",#'!679;µ-," -968µ"#" !' -17µ2,0* 3-, µ176-. ," ->"4%-. µ- "/?$&-'" /9µ126"/µ" :'" #), -1.36"/) #)* :';:!" /#) /0µ"#'!8 -9->." (!"#$%$& 2 %$' (')*+$µ-µ$ 9).
<='70/0$ C!#=A+'" #), -!#.µ)/) #)* -1.36"/)* #)* :';:!" /#), "G-1,." !"' /#), 17';#)#" #79 @1,79, 46)/'µ717'8%)!", -6:"&-." ;10* #7 Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI), )µ-67&;:'7 !"#":6"?8* !"' 917!&.µ"!-* -6-:"&-.0, ;10* #7 European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30). A#'* /9/#)µ"#'!2* ","&@/-'* -.#- ","-?26-#"' ;#' 3-, <62%)!- /)µ",#'!8 -1.36"/) /#), 17'-;#)#" #79 @1,79, -.#- ","?26-#"' <-&#.0/) /- "/%-,-.* µ- &2µ?0µ". H' µ-#"-","&@/-'* -µ?$,'I", µ'!68 "&&$ µ) /)µ",#'!8 %-#'!8 -1.36"/) /#), 17';#)#" #79 @1,79 (!"#$%$& 2 %$' (')*+$µµ$ 10).
6='#8#'%? 1A1B"$ +'" #), -!#.µ)/) #)* -1.36"/)* #)* :';:!" /#), !7'-,0,'!8 -9->.", 46)/'µ717'8%)!", 917!&.µ"!-* -6:"-&-.0, ;10* #7 European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) !"' ) SF-36. J;/7 7' /9/#)µ"#'!2* ","&@/-'* ;/7 !"' 7' µ-#"-","&@/-'* 23-'>", µ'!68 %-#'-!8 -1.36"/) #)* :';:!" /#7, #7µ2" #)* !7',0,'!8* -9-->."*, ) 717.", -,3-47µ2,0*, ," /4-#.I-#"' µ- #) <-&#.0/) #)* :-,'!;#-6)* C7';#)#"* D08* (CD) (!"#$%$& 2 %$' ('-)*+$µµ$ 11).
90+1& = -!#.µ)/) #79 /#6-* 9186>- -#-67:-,8* µ-#">@ #0, 3'"?;60, µ-&-#5,. A- $&&-* µ-&2#-* 2:',- -!#.µ)/) #0, /9µ1#0µ$#0, #79 /#6-* µ- #7 -6:"&-.7 Symptoms of Stress Inventory (SOSI) !"' /- $&&-* µ- #7 -6:"&-.7 Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). = ","/!;1)/) #0, µ-&--#5, 23-'>- ;#' 91$64-' <6"4@467,) -9,7K!8 -1.36"/) /#), -&$##0/) #79 /#6-*, ;µ0*, "1; #) /#"#'/#'!8 ",$&9-
[20] !""#$%&' (!)%'*%&' +#, $',#"!-+%&#, !(%,+#.#,
!"!#$%&'#'
!" #$% µ&#'-'%'()!&$% *+%",& -#. '% ,'. " /.-/,' 01&. &2&3/&#.,4 &5673'!" !#" 8&(#6$!" #92 !#3&:, " )5'3;" 7.'!#"µ+#$% &µ5.!#9!)%": 592 &µ5&3.,(&692% #9 µ"70%
'((+ ,'. #.µ<% 539: #"% '%#6=&#" ,'#&)=2%!", ,+%&. µ" '!*'(4 #"% &;'/$/4 &%-: #&(.,9) !2µ5&3+!µ'#9: (!"-#$%$& 2 %$' (')*+$µµ$ 12).
()*+,-µµ- 1. !./)012)34 5)-5)0-36-7 /.)89+:7 3;3<4µ-<)0=2 -2-309.:3/>2 0-) µ/<---2-8?3/>2
>%'/%$36!=",&, '31.,+, 9 ',-(92=9: '3.=µ-: +3=3$% '%+ 8+!" 7&79µ0%$%:PubMed: 1942EMBASE: 861Web of Science: 2487Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: 139Scopus: 233
?'30µ&.%'% 112 &%7&19µ0%$: !1&#.,+ +3=3' ,'. ;&,6%"!& " '%'@4#"!" #92 5(4392: ,&.µ0%92 #92:
>59,(&6!=",'%: 1922, 839, 2466, 103 ,'. 220 +3=3' '%#6!#9.1', 8+!&. #6#(92 4/,'. 5&36("A":
B5.5(09% 6 +3=3' '%'/%$36!=",'% µ0!$ 539!$5.,4: '%'@4#"!":
>59,(&6!=",'% 102 +3=3':61 µ" !2!#"µ'#.,0: '%'!,954!&.: 4 +3=3' !)%#';":,22 7.5(9&//3'*0:,13 7"µ9!.&)!&.: 53$#9,-((92,6 7"µ9!.&)!&.: 7&% 4#'% &*.,#4 " &)3&!" #92 5(4392: ,&.µ0%92
?'30µ&.%'% 16 +3=3' /.' #" !2!#"µ'#.,4 '%'!,-5"!", 6 &, #$% 9596$% !2µ5&3.(4*="!'% !& 5&3'.#03$ !#'#.!#.,4 &5&;&3/'!6'
?'30µ&.%'% 118 &%7&19µ0%$: !1&#.,+ +3=3'
!"#"$ 9 - !%&'"$ 3 [21]
!"!#$%&'#'
()*+,-µµ- 2. #./012 µ34---/*56728 +)- 42/ 39:;,-72 428 +)<+=- 740 *+>08
()*+,-µµ- 3. #./012 µ34---/*56728 +)- 42/ 39:;,-72 428 +)<+=- 742/ =-4*?5)12
()*+,-µµ- 4. #./012 µ34---/*56728 +)- 42/ 39:;,-72 428 +)<+=- 740 -:7?2µ- 743/->@,)-8/?5:128
()*+,-µµ- 5. #./012 µ34---/*56728 +)- 42/ 39:;,-72 428 +)<+=- 742/ =<9A72
[22] !""#$%&' (!)%'*%&' +#, $',#"!-+%&#, !(%,+#.#,
!"!#$%&'#'
()*+,-µµ- 6. #./012 µ34---/*56728 +)- 42/ 39:;,-72 428 +)<+=- 742 #>34)?<µ3/2 µ3 42/ @+3:- &0)<424- ABC8 (#@&A)
()*+,-µµ- 7. #./012 µ34---/*56728 +)- 42/ 39:;,-72 428 +)<+=- 740/ 9</0
()*+,-µµ- 8. #./012 µ34---/*56728 +)- 42/ 39:;,-72 428 +)<+=- 742 53)406,+)=<424-
!"#"$ 9 - !%&'"$ 3 [23]
!"!#$%&'#'
()*+,-µµ- 10. #./012 µ34---/*56728 +)- 42/ 39:;,-72 428 +)<+=- 742/ 90)<424- 406 .9/06
()*+,-µµ- 11. #./012 µ34---/*56728 +)- 42/ 39:;,-72 428 +)<+=- 742/ =0)/>/)=? 363@:-
()*+,-µµ- 12. #./012 µ34---/*56728 +)- 42/ 39:;,-72 428 +)<+=- 740 74,38
()*+,-µµ- 9. #./012 µ34---/*56728 +)- 42/ 39:;,-72 428 +)<+=- 742 7>µ-4)=? 363@:-
[24] !""#$%&' (!)%'*%&' +#, $',#"!-+%&#, !(%,+#.#,
!"!#$%&'#'
&()*+*, 1. !-./012343 µ56/7/0/2.+8, 9/.1:3:*, :;) µ505:<) 4=µ>;)* µ5 :/ 5?2*05(/ AMSTAR*
A pr
iori
’ 4@5
7.*4
µ1,
A-*2
;28
757
/µB)
;)
+*.
*9/+
05.4
µ<)
7.90
/522
?*>
<)
&5?
.5+:
.+8
C.C0
./2?
*>.+
8
*)*D
8:34
3
$?.
:8?.
/ 4E
µ95?
(03F
3, :/
4:
G7./
/5(7
/, :3
, 73
µ/4(
5E43
,
&()
*+*,
4E9
5?.0
*µC*
)1µ5
);)/
µ3
4Eµ9
5?.0
*µC*
)1µ5
);)
µ505
:<)
!)*>
/?G
@*?*
+:3?
.4:.+
<)
:;)
µ505
:<)
A+:(µ
343
59.4
:3µ/
).+8
, 9/
.1:3
:*,
$*:
G003
03 @
?843
59.
4:3µ
/).+
8,
9/.1
:3:*
, µ5
05:<
) 4:
* 4E
µ95?
G4µ*
:*
$*:
G003
03 µ
B6/7
/, 4
E)7E
*4µ/
= µ5
05:<
)
A+:(µ
343
µ5?/
03F
(*,
*)5=
?543
, C.
C0./
2?*>
(*,
H80;
43 *
):.+
?/E1
µ5);
) 4E
µ>5?
1):;
)
#E)/
0.+8
I*6
µ/0/
2(*
(%)
Boehm et al. (2012) !"# !"# $%# $%# $%# !"# !"# !"# !"# &'† !"# 70
Buffart et al. (2012) !"# !"# !"# $%# $%# !"# !"# !"# !"# &'† !"# 80
Cramer et al. (2012)" !"# !"# !"# $%# $%# !"# !"# !"# !"# &'† !"# 80
Cramer et al. (2012)( !"# !"# !"# $%# $%# !"# !"# !"# !"# &'† !"# 80
Felbel et al. (2014) !"# !"# !"# $%# $%# !"# !"# !"# !"# &'† !"# 80
Finnegan-John et al (2013) !"# !"# !"# $%# $%# !"# !"# !"# !"# &'† !"# 80
Harder et al. (2012) !"# !"# !"# $%# $%# !"# !"# !"# !"# &'† !"# 80
Kelley & Kelley (2015) !"# !"# !"# $%# $%# !"# !"# !"# !"# &'† !"# 80
Lin et al. (2011) !"# !"# !"# $%# $%# !"# !"# !"# !"# &'† !"# 80
Mishra et al. (2014) !"# !"# No $%# $%# !"# !"# !"# !"# &'† !"# 80
Mustian (2013) !"# $%# $%# $%# $%# !"# !"# !"# !"# $%# !"# 55
Pan et al. (2015) !"# !"# !"# $%# $%# !"# !"# !"# !"# &'† !"# 80
Sadja & Mills (2013) !"# !"# !"# $%# $%# !"# !"# !"# !"# &'† !"# 80
Samuel et al. (2015) !"# !"# !"# $%# $%# !"# !"# !"# !"# &'† !"# 80
Sharma et al. (2013) !"# !"# !"# $%# $%# !"# !"# !"# !"# $%# !"# 73
Shneerson et al. (2013) !"# !"# !"# $%# $%# !"# !"# !"# !"# !"# !"# 82
'#)µ*+, -#µ. 80
. *Shea et al, 2007!,", Shea et al, 2009, Kang et al, 2009. †#$: µ% &'!()*'µ+
&328
!"#"$ 9 - !%&'"$ 3 [25]
!"!#$%&'#'
&()
*+*,
2. -
*.*+
/0.1
2/1+
3 µ4
54/6
)
#788
.*9
:*,,
:/;
,
Boeh
m e
t al (
2012
)
Buffa
rt e
t al (
2012
)
Cram
er e
t al
(201
2a)
<(=;
, µ4
5:/0
,
!"#
$-$%
&'()
*
+()#
*µ$#
,-.
$%$)
-/0*
)* &
!
"#$-
$%&'
()*
+()#
*µ$#
,-.
$%$)
-/0*
)*
&4.
1;.1
2µ;(
1#"2
345%
",$
6"63
µ5%7
%.
+(µ0
"2,'
.89*
-" )
#*
µ"#$
-$%&
'()*
1 µ
* #(
:$,3
03,*
µ5%*
µ"'
5#*.
;"%
µ032
"< %
$ $0
3-'"
,)#"
< 3
-<%6
(%3=
µ"2
3'*>
<$=.
!,-
2/=
$2,9
µ/=
)(µµ
"#":
/%#7
% )"
µ"2
,-5=
µ"
'5#"
=.
!,-
2/=
$2,9
µ/=
µ"'"
#?%.
@,9
$%/=
-<%
6(%3
= µ"
23'*
><$
=.
!>;/
45:2
µ*/*
A$ "
(2.µ
$#$
$(#.
= #*
= µ"
#$-
$%&'
()*=
(03
6",-
%B3(
% µ,
-2.
"0<6
2$)*
#*=
4,/4
-$
/)3
$832
& )#
*% -
/07
)*,
,6,$
<#"2$
)#3
(= $
)9"%
"<=
µ"
-$2-
<%3.
C 4
,/4-
$ 5:
", ,)
:(2&
7
85',
µ$ $
03#"
'5)µ
$#$
)#*
9'<>
*, )
#3 &
4:3=
-$,
#*
% -$
#&9'
,>*,
µ5#
2,$
"0<6
2$)*
)#*
% -/
07)*
, #*
4"%
,-.
03,/
#*#$
D7.=
03
( ):
"#<D
"#$,
µ"
#*%
(4"<
$, #*
)(%
$,)9
*µ$#
,-.
'",#3
(24,
-/#*
#$ -
$, #*
% -3
,%7
%,-.
'",
#3(2
4,-/
#*#$
, µ,
-2.
"0<6
2$)*
)#*
'"
,#3(2
4,-.
"("
E<$
-$, -
$µ<$
)*
µ$%#
,-.
"0<6
2$)*
)#*
)7
µ$#,-
. '"
,#3(2
4,-/
#*#$
-$
, )#,=
6,$
#$2$
:5=
B0%3
(.
F0&2
:3(%
$03
6"<E
",=
/#,
* 4,
/4-$
5:"
, "("
24"#
,-.
"0<6
2$)*
)#*
% -/
07)*
#7%
$)9"
%?%
-$, #
7%
"0,D
?%#
7%
$0/
-$2-
<%3
µ$)#
3B. C
3µ
&6$
4,/4
-$ )
" )B
4-2,
)*
µ" #*
% 3µ
&6$
"'54
:3(
56",
E"
)*µ$
%#,-
. G"
'#<7
)* )
#*
G$9µ
3'34
<$ -
/07
)*=.
&*.
4µ?3
241,
Hµ&6
$ 4,
/4-$
: 5-2
4 "G
63µ&
6"=.
Hµ&6
$ "'
54:3
(: '
<)#$
$%
$µ3%
.=, "
-0$<
6"()
* (4
"<$=
, (03
)#*2
,-#,-
. )(
µG3(
'"(#
,-.,
:$
'&27
)*, 3
µ$6,
-.
)(D.
#*)*
, '<)
#$ $
%$µ3
%.=
-$, )
#$#,-
/ 03
6.'$
#3
. 0"
20&#
*µ$,
-3'
Bµ0,
, 32
",G$
)<$.
Hµ&6
$ 4,
/4-$
: 6
"G63
µ&6"
=-6
µ.%"
=.
Hµ&6
$ "'
54:3
(:
(03)
#*2,
-#,-
. 9"
2$0"
<$
µ" "
-0$<
6"()
*,
)(µG
3('"
(#,-
.,
023"
#3,µ
$)<$
6,$
:"<2
,)*=
, "-
0$,6
"(#,-
& µ$
9.µ$
#$
(4"<
$=.
Hµ&6
$ 4,
/4-$
: 6
"G63
µ&6"
=-6
µ.%"
=.Hµ
&6$
"'54
:3(:
'<)
#$
$%$µ
3%.=
, -$µ
<$
0$25
µG$)
*, )
B%#3
µ*
9"2$
0"<$
µ"
4,/4
-$ (1
5 '"
0#&/
10
*µ52
"= 4
,$ 6
"G
63µ&
6"=)
.
@A>;
, +*
.+()
;7
I$2-
<%3=
µ$)
#3B
J''3
, #B0
3, -
$2-<
%3(
K5
µ87
µ$
I$2-
<%3=
µ$)
#3B
K5µ8
7µ$
I$2-
<%3=
µ$)
#3B
!.1B
µC,-
4(=;
, µ4
54/6
)/ !
.1Bµ
C,
27µµ
4/4D
C)/E
)
18 R
CTs
& 1
Non
-RCT
/ 94
8 )(
µµ"#
5:3%
#"=,
"-
#7%
303<
7%
458
µ" 6
,&83
23(=
#B03
(=
-$2-
<%3(
16 µ
"'5#
"= )
#*
)()#
*µ$#
,-.
$%$)
-/0*
)*.
!"#
$-$%
&'()
* )"
13
RCTs
/ 78
3 )(
µµ"#
5:3%
#"=
6 RC
Ts /
458
)(µ
µ"#5
:3%#
"=
[26] !""#$%&' (!)%'*%&' +#, $',#"!-+%&#, !(%,+#.#,
!"!#$%&'#'&
()*+
*, 2
. -*.
*+/0
.12/
1+3
µ454
/6)
(27)
8941
*)
#7::
.*;
8*,,
8/<
,
Cram
er e
t al
(201
2b)
Felb
el e
t al (
2014
)
Finn
egan
-Joh
n et
al
(201
3)
Har
der e
t al (
2012
)
=(><
, µ4
58/0
,
!"#$
%µ&$
'()
&*&#
(+,%
#% &
-
.$&-
&*/0
"#%
!"#$
%µ&$
'()
&*&#
(+,%
#%
!"#$
%µ&$
'()
&*&#
(+,%
#%
!"#$
%µ&$
'()
&*&#
(+,%
#%
&4.
1<.1
2µ<(
-'(
1+2
&1'3
µ+2
µ.0.
$4*.
5'3
&*+2
(6*
7"*8
2 µ.
180%
96&
2.:$
.18;
<*.'
& $=
* ,&
1.µ>
/#.=
*.
-'(
1+2
&1'3
µ+2
#"µµ
.$.?
+*$=
*. @
9%0
+2
(6*7
"*82
µ.1
80%9
6&2.
A6*
7"*8
2 #B
/0µ&
$82
&*.C
1.#%
2 7%
µ8#'
.C#.
=*
(&' ;
04##
&2 7
%µ8#
'.C#
.=*.
58'
(60%
(&'
?&µ
%0)
,8'+
$%$&
µ.
0.$4
*. :
$.18
;.*)
7.
6;µ&
$& &
$+µ=
*.
@,8-
&*&B
81/
$=*
",+
&*&#
(8,%
#% µ
.0.$
4*
@,8(
.'µ.
*'(/
.1;
&0.6
& &D
'80+
;%#%
2 $=
* &,
8$.0
.#µ/
$=*
$=*
µ.0.
$4*.
:µ,
.'1'
(/ &
,8$.
0<#µ
&$&
$=*
µ.0.
$4*
,&1/
$'2
#$&$
'#$'(
<2 #
";(1
6#.'
2.
:$.1
8;<*
.'&
,&1.
µ>/#
.=*.
!?</
4582
µ*/*
E ;
'+;(
& µ,
81.6
*&
,18$
&3.6
'7
'&6$.
1& =
2 µ<
3878
2 ,&
1<µ>
&#%2
;'&
>.0
$6=#%
$%
2 9
"?'(
)2 "
;.6&
2 (&
$/
$% 7
'/1(
.'&
$%2
.*.1
;8C2
3.
1&,.
6&2
$=*
.
*4*
µ.
(&1(
6*8
$8"
µ&#$
8C.
F.*
µ,81
8C*
*& .
D&?3
8C*
&D'+
,'#$
& #"
µ,.1
/#µ&
$&
+#8*
&B8
1/ #
$%*
.,67
1&#%
$%
2 ;'
+;(&
=2
µ<38
78
3.1&
,.6&
2 ;'
& &'
µ&$8
08;'
(<2
(&(8
)3.'
.2
@,/1
?8"*
(/,
8'.2
&,
87.6
D.'2
+$'
% ;'
+;(&
#"
µ,0%
1=µ&
$'(/
µ. $%
* (C
1'&
3.1&
,.6&
µ,8
1.6
*& >
.0$'4
#.' $
%* ,
8'+$
%$&
$8
" C,
*8"
#. &
#3.*
.62
µ.
0<µB
=µ&
.
E ;
'+;(
& #.
#?<
#% µ
. /0
0.2
#"µ,
0%1=
µ&$'(
<2
) .*
&00&
($'(
<2
3.1&
,.6.
2 .6
*&' 0
';+$
.18
&,8$
.0.#
µ&$'(
) #$
%*
&*&(
8CB'
#% $%
2 (+
,=#%
2 ,8
" #?
.$6G
.$&'
µ.
(&1(
6*8.
E ;
'+;(
& =
2 ,&
1<µ>
&#%
#.
.
*.62
µ.
(&1(
6*8
$8"
µ&#$
8C <
?.' 8
"7<$
.1%
) 3.
$'()
.,67
1&#%
#$%
* 80
'()
,8'+
$%$&
G=)2
$=*
.
*4*
(&' $
% #"
*&'#
3%µ&
$'()
$8"2
."
.D6&
.
&*.
4µ@3
241,
Hµ/7
& ;'
+;(&
: 6
.>78
µ/7.
2- 6
µ)*
.2Hµ
/7&
.0<;
?8":
06#$
& &*
&µ8*
)2, (
&µ6&
3.
1&,.
6&, "
,8#$
%1'(
$'()
#"µ>
8"0.
"$'(
) (&
' 87%
;6.2
;'
& .0
&B1/
/#(
%#%,
.(
,&67
."#%
";.
6&2,
B"
#'83
.1&,
.6&,
#C*
$8µ%
3.
1&,.
6& µ
. ;'
+;(&
( 60
0.
,$/
µ6&
B81/
, 30
0.,$
//
10 %
µ<1.
2 ;'&
/;*
=#$
8 ?1
+*8
) 15
0.,$
// 1
0 %µ
<1.2
;'&
6 .>
78µ/
7.2)
.
Hµ/7
& ;'
+;(&
: 7
.>78
µ/7.
2Hµ
/7&
.0<;
?8":
06#
$&
&*&µ
8*)2
Hµ/7
& ;'
+;(&
: 7 (
&' 1
0 .>
78µ/
7.2
Hµ/7
& .0
<;?8
": 0
6#$&
&*
&µ8*
)2
Hµ/7
& ;'
+;(&
: 4
.>78
µ/7.
2-6
µ)*.
2.Hµ
/7&
.0<;
?8":
06#
$&
&*&µ
8*)2
, ,&1
&µ8*
) #$
8 #,
6$', "
,8#$
%1'(
$'()
#"µ>
8"0.
"$'(
) 3.
1&,.
6&
(&' 8
7%;6
.2 ;
'& .
0&B1
/ /#
(%#%
, .(,
&67.
"#%
";.6
&2, B
"#'8
3.1&
,.6&
AB?<
, +*
.+()
<7
A&1(
6*82
µ&#
$8C
I'µ&
$808
;'(<
2 (&
(8)3
.'.2
(H
odgk
in’s
(&'
non
-H
odgk
in’s
0<µ
B=µ&
)
J<µB
=µ&
Hod
gkin
’s
A&1(
6*82
µ&#
$8C
A&1(
6*82
µ&#
$8C
!.1C
µD,-
4(><
, µ4
54/6
)/ !
.1Cµ
D,
27µµ
4/49
D)/E
)
12 R
CTs,
.(
$=*
8,86
=*
10 #
"µ,.
1'0)
B3%#
&*
#$%
µ.$&
-&*/
0"#%
/ 74
2 #"
µµ.$
<?8*
$.2
(.(
$=*
8,86
=*
687
#"µµ
.$<?
8*$.
2 #$
% µ.
$&&*
/0"#
%)
1 RC
T /
39 #
"µµ.
$<?8
*$.2
(2
0 #$
%* 8
µ/7&
,&
1<µ>
&#%2
(&'
19
#$%*
8µ
/7&
.0<;
?8")
.
15 R
CTs,
3 µ
.0<$
.2
phas
e II
(&' 3
µ.
%µ',
.'1&
µ&$'(
+ #?
.7'&
#µ+/
15
60 #
"µµ.
$<?8
*$.2
18 R
CTs/
76
0 #"
µµ.$
<?8*
$.2
!"#"$ 9 - !%&'"$ 3 [27]
!"!#$%&'#'
Kelle
y &
Kel
ley
(201
5)
Lin
et a
l (20
11)
Mis
hra
et a
l (20
14)
Mus
tian
(201
3)
!"#$
%µ&$
'()
&*&#
(+,%
#%
!"#$
%µ&$
'()
&*&#
(+,%
#% &
-
.$&-
&*/0
"#%
!"#$
%µ&$
'()
&*&#
(+,%
#% &
-
.$&-
&*/0
"#%
!"#$
%µ&$
'()
&*&#
(+,%
#%
-'(
1+2
&1'3
µ+2
µ.0.
$4*
#$'2
µ.$
&-&*
&05#
.'2.
6*
7.8+
µ.*.
2 µ'
(192
&*
."1.
3.:#
.2 $'
µ92
.,:7
1&#%
2 0+
;< .
'#&;
<;)
2 #=
&0µ/
$<*
-%
$"=0
92 µ
.09$
.2.
-.1
>0%?
:& &
*.51
.#%2
7%
µ>#'
.5#.
<*
(&' ;
04##
&2
µ.0.
$4*.
@'3
&*+
#=/0
µ&
&,+
µ% >
µ>'>
;.*.
:2 µ
.09$
.2
6$.1
>;9*
.'&
µ.$&
A5 $<
* ,1
>;1&
µµ/$
<*
/#(%
#%2
(&'
.1;&
0.:<
* µ9
$1%#
%2.
@'3
&*)
900.
'?%
.51.
#%2
µ.0.
$4*
B& 7
.:;µ
&$&
$<*
#"µµ
.$.8
+*$<
* (.
($+2
&,+
1
µ.09
$%) )
$&*
µ'(1
/. C
/,>'
.2 µ
.09$
.2 7
.*
81%#
'µ>,
>:%#
&* &
A'+,
'#$.
2 &*
&=>1
92 &
#3.*
4*
) &*
$'(.'
µ.*'
(92
.($'µ
)#.'
2 $<
* ,1
>D0%
µ/$<
* 5,
*>".
B& &
,>$.
09#µ
&$&
&"$)
2 $%
2 &*
&#(+
,%#%
2 7.
:8*>
"* +
$' %
('*%
#'>3
.1&,
.:&
µ9#<
7'
&0>;
'#µ>
5 (M
edita
tive
Mov
emen
t The
rapi
es)
µ,>1
.: *
& D.
0$'4
#.' $
%*
,>'+
$%$&
E<)2
,>"
>=.
:0.$
&'
#$%*
";.
:& #
. .,
'0.;
µ9*.
2 (&
$&#$
/#.'
2, +
,<2
#.
.
*.:2
µ.
(&1(
:*>
$>"
µ&#$
>5.
B& .
"1)µ
&$&
7.:8
*>"*
,'
3&*/
>=9
0% $%
2 ;'
+;(&
#.

.*.:
2 µ.
(&1
(:*>
+#
> &=
>1/
#$%
D.0$
:<#%
$%
2 ?
"8'(
)2 "
;.:&
2. B
& &,
>$.0
9#µ&
$& 7
.* 7
.:8*
>"*
3.$'(
) .,
:71&
#% $%
2 ;'
+;(&
#$
%* (
+,<
#%.
6"1)
µ&$&
&"$
)2 $%
2 µ.
09$%
2 7.
:8*>
"* +
$' %
/#(%
#%
98.'
3.$
'()
.,:7
1&#%
#$%
;.
*'()
,>'
+$%$
& E<
)2 (
&' #
. $>
µ.:2
$%2,
+,<
2 $>
/;8
>2,
% #"
*&'#
3%µ&
$'()
.".A
:&,
% (+
,<#%
(&'
% (
>'*<
*'()
0.
'$>"1
;'(+
$%$&
. B&
,1>
;1/µ
µ&$&
/#(
%#%2
µ,
>1>5
* *&
.*#
<µ&
$<3>
5*
#$&
#897
'& 7
'&8.
:1'#
%2 (
&'
=1>*
$:7&2
$<*
.,'E
4*$
<*
&,+
(&1(
:*>
,>"
98>"
* >0
>(0%
14#.
' $%
3.1&
,.:&
$>
"2.
F ;
'+;(
& µ,
>1.:
*&
98.'
."
.1;.
$'()
.,:7
1&#%
#$%
* &G
,*:&
) $%
* .0
&$$<
µ9*%
,>
'+$%
$& 5
,*>"
.
Hµ/7
& ;'
+;(&
: 6-2
4 .D
7>µ/
7.2
Hµ/7
& .0
9;8>
": 0
:#$&
&*
&µ>*
)2
Hµ/7
& ;'
+;(&
: 6-2
4 .D
7>µ/
7.2
Hµ/7
& .0
9;8>
":
",>#
$%1'
($'(
) #"
µD>"
0."$
'()
Hµ/7
& ;'
+;(&
:3 .
D7>µ
/7.2
9<
2 1
9$>2
.Hµ
/7&
.09;
8>":
0:#
$&
&*&µ
>*)2
Hµ/7
& ,&
19µD
&#%2
: #"
*.71
:.2
;'+;
(&
7'/1
(.'&
2 &,
+ 60
9<
2 12
0 0.
,$/.
I'/
1(.'
& ,&
19µD
&#%2
&,+
4
.D7>
µ/7.
2 9<
2 12
µ)*
.2.
Hµ/7
& .0
9;8>
": #
"*)3
%2
=1>*
$:7&,
0:#
$& &
*&µ>
*)2
C&1(
:*>2
µ&#
$>5
C&1(
:*>2
µ&#
$>5
I'/=
>1>'
$5,>
' (&
1(:*
>" J
9µ=<
µ&
C&1(
:*>
µ&#$
>5
I'/=
>1>'
$5,>
' (&
1(:*
>"
C&1(
:*>2
µ&#
$>5
J9
µ=<
µ& I
'/=>
1>'
$5,>
' (&1
(:*>
"
10 #
"#$%
µ&$'(
92
&*&#
(>,)
#.'2
µ.
µ.$&
-&*&
05#.
'2/ 2
661
#"µµ
.$98
>*$.
2
10 R
CTs
/76
2 #"
µµ.$
98>*
$.2
40 µ
.09$
.2 #
$%*
,>'>
$'()
#5*3
.#%
7.7>
µ9*<
*, .
( $<
* >,
>:<
* 3
3 #"
µµ.$
.:8&
* #$
%* ,
>#>$
'()
#5*3
.#%
7.7>
µ9*<
*. !
$'2 3
8 RC
Ts
81%#
'µ>,
>')3
%(.
,&1/
00%0
% (&
$&*>
µ) (
&' #
. 2
RCTs
>' &
#3.*
.:2
(&$&
*.µ)
3%(&
* µ.
%µ'
-$"
8&'>
,>'%
µ9*>
#89
7'>
(&$&
*>µ)
2 #$
%* >
µ/7&
,&
19µD
&#%2
/3,
694
#"µµ
.$98
>*$.
2:
1,92
7 #.
,&1
9µD&
#% µ
. /#
(%#%
(&'
1,7
64 #
$%*
>µ/7
& .0
9;8>
"
10 (
0'*'
(92
µ.09
$.2
.(
$<*
>,>:
<*
>' 9
RCT
s/ 7
85 #
"µµ.
$98>
*$.2
[28] !""#$%&' (!)%'*%&' +#, $',#"!-+%&#, !(%,+#.#,
!"!#$%&'#'&
()*+
*, 2
. -*.
*+/0
.12/
1+3
µ454
/6)
(27)
8941
*)
#7::
.*;
8*,,
8/<
,
Pan
et a
l (20
15)
Sadj
a &
Mill
s (2
013)
Sam
uel e
t al (
2015
)
=(><
, µ4
58/0
,
!"#$
%µ&$
'()
&*&#
(+,%
#% &
-
.$&-
&*/0
"#%
!"#$
%µ&$
'()
&*&#
(+,%
#%
!"#$
%µ&$
'()
&*&#
(+,%
#%
&4.
1<.1
2µ<(
1.*
µ,23
.4 *
& &,
2(0.
'#$.
4 2
(4*5
"*26
µ.3
20%7
4&6
$8*
µ.0.
$9*.
-'(
3+6
&3':
µ+6
µ.0.
$9*.
; µ
.:25
202<
'()
,2'+
$%$&
$8
* µ.
0.$9
* )$
&*
&*.,
&3()
6.
=7%0
+6 (
4*5"
*26
µ.32
0%7
4&6
&*&>
23/6
&,+
$2
"6 &
#:.*
.46.
1"#
(204
& <.
*4(.
"#%6
$8*
."3%
µ/$8
* #.
<"*
&4(.
6 (&
' /*5
3.6
µ.
/00&
.45
% (&
3(4*
2".
?.3
'23'
#µ+6
<09
##&6
µ.
0.$9
* (@
<<0'
(/).
?':
&*)
,%<)
#>/
0µ&$
26
&*.A
3.#%
6 µ.
0.$9
*.B$
.32<
C*.'
& µ.
0.$9
*.
!?</
4582
µ*/*
; <
'+<(
& <'
& $%
5'&
D.43
'#%
$8*
7"D
2#8
µ&$'(
9*
,32E
0%µ/
$8*
"<.4
&6 C
D.'
,':&
*/ 2
>C0%
<'&
$2"6
&#
:.*.
46 (
&' $2
"6 .
,'F9
*$.6
&,
+* (
&3(4
*2 $2
" µ&
#$2A
. ;
<'+
<(&
:& µ
,232
A#.
*& &
*&(2
">4#
.' $2
/<D
26,
$%*
(&$/
:0'7
% (&
' $&
<&#$
3.*$
.3'(
/ #"
µ,$9
µ&$&
(&
' :&
µ,23
2A#.
*&
E.0$
'9#.
' $%
<.*'
() ,
2'+$
%$&
F8)6
,2"
#D.
$4F.$
&' µ
. $%
* "<
.4&.
; <
'+<(
& 5.
* CD
.' (
&µ4&
.,4
53&#
% #$
% #8
µ&$'(
) ."
.G4&
, $2*
,+*
2 (&
' $%*
,2'
+$%$
& A,
*2".
; <
'+<(
& µ,
23.4
*&
.4*&
' 8
>C0'
µ% <
'& $%
µ.4
8#%
$%6
(+,8
#%6
,2"
2>.4
0.$&
' #$2
* (&
3(4*
2 #.
<"*
&4(.
6 $%
6 0.
"()6
>"0
)6 µ
. (&
3(4*
2 µ&
#$2A
.
H' ,
&3.µ
E/#.
'6 <
'+<(
&, µ
. $%
* .,
'(C*
$38
#) $2
"6 #
$2*
C0.<
D2 $%
6 &*
&,*2
)6 (
&'
#$%*
C*8
#% $2
" µ"
&02A
(&'
$2
" #9
µ&$2
6, :
& µ,
232A
#&*
*& .
4*&'
D3)
#'µ.
6 #$
%*
&*&(
2A>'
#% $8
* .,
',02
(9*
&,+
$'6 :
.3&,
.4.6
<'&
$2
* (&
3(4*
2 µ.
$&GA
$8*
.,'F
9*$
8*
&,+
(&3(
4*2
(.>&
0)6,
$3&D
)02"
(&'
,*
.Aµ2
*&.
&*.
4µ@3
241,
Hµ/5
& <'
+<(&
: 3
.E52
µ/5.
6 -6
µ)*
.6.
Hµ/5
& .0
C<D2
":
",2#
$%3'
($'(
) 2µ
&5'(
) :.
3&,.
4&, 0
4#$&
&*&
µ2*)
6,
.(,&
45."
#% "
<.4&
6,
>"#'
2:.3
&,.4
&, #
"*):
%6
>32*
$45&,
7"D
25"*
&µ'(
) ",
2#$%
3'($
'()-
.(>3
&#$'(
) >3
2*$45
&, "
,2#$
%3'(
$'()
:.3&
,.4&
µ.
&#()
#.'6
&,
2(&$
/#$&
#%6,
",
2#$%
3'($
'()
:.3&
,.4&
.
Hµ/5
& <'
+<(&
: 6-2
6 .E
52µ/
5.6
Hµ/5
& .0
C<D2
": 0
4#$&
&*
&µ2*
)6
Hµ/5
& <'
+<(&
: 10
0.,$
/ (,
32.<
D.'3
%$'(
/)-6
.E
52µ/
5.6
Hµ/5
& .0
C<D2
":
",2#
$%3'
($'(
) #"
µE2"
0."$
'()
(&' .
0&>3
/ /#
(%#%
, #"µ
E2"0
."$'(
C6
:.3&
,.4.
6, #
"µE2
"0."
$'()
:.3&
,.4&
(&'
,3+
<3&µ
µ&
/#(%
#%6
9µ2
",
",+
µ23>
4*%
(&'
#"µE
2"0.
"$'(
), (
&µ4&
,&
3CµE
&#%.
AB?<
, +*
.+()
<7
I&3(
4*26
µ&#
$2A
I&3(
4*26
µ&#
$2A
J002
' $A,
2' (
&3(4
*2"
KCµ>
8µ&
I&3(
4*26
µ&#
$2A
I&3(
4*26
(.>
&0)6
(&
' $3&
D)02
"1'
/>23
& .4
5%
(&3(
4*2"
(2#$
9*,
µ&
#$2A
, (.>
&0)6
, $3
&D)0
2", ,
*.Aµ
2*&)
!.1C
µD,-
4(><
, µ4
54/6
)/ !
.1Cµ
D,
27µµ
4/49
D)/E
)
16 R
CTs/
10
31 #
"µµ.
$CD2
*$.6
(538
2µ/
5& ,
&3Cµ
E&#%
6 (&
' 493
2µ/
5& .
0C<D
2")
10 µ
.0C$
.6/
583
#"µ
µ.$C
D2*$
.6
13 µ
.0C$
.6, .
( $8
* 2,
248
* 6
RCTs
, 3
µ.0C
$.6
,&3C
µE&#
%6
D834
6 2µ
/5&
.0C<
D2",
2
#.'3
C6 ,
.3',
$9#.
8*,
1
µ.0C
$% ,
.34,
$8#%
6,
1 &*
&532
µ'()
/ 768
#"
µµ.$
CD2*
$.6
!"#"$ 9 - !%&'"$ 3 [29]
!"!#$%&'#'
Shar
ma
et a
l (20
13)
Shne
erso
n et
al
(201
3)
!"#$
%µ&$
'()
&*&#
(+,%
#%
!"#$
%µ&$
'()
&*&#
(+,%
#% &
-
.$&-
&*/0
"#%
-'(
1+2
.314
2 &*
&5)$
%#%2
(2
010-
12).
6$.1
47.*
) %0
'('&
(/ 8
.97µ
&$&
µ.0.
$:*
;<%0
+2 (
9*8"
*42
µ.14
0%<
9&2
#$'2
,.
1'##
+$.1
.2 µ
.0=$
.2.
-'(
1+2
&1'>
µ+2
µ.0.
$:*.
?#>.
*)2
@.0$
9A#%
$%2
,4'+
$%$&
2 5A
)2 (
&'
.0/$
$A#%
$%2
(+,A
#%2
(&'
$4"
/074
"2. ?
*$'(
14"+
µ.*&
."
1)µ&
$& 7
'& $4
/7B
42,
(&$/
>0'<
%, ,
4'+$
%$&
3,*4
"
C 7
'+7(
& .µ
D&*9
5.$&
' *&
@.0$
':*.
' $%
7.*'
() (
&'
<"B
'()
,4'+
$%$&
5A)2
$A*
&#>.
*:*
µ. (
&1(9
*4, &
00/
+B' $
% #A
µ&$'(
) ,4
'+$%
$&
5A)2
.
Eµ/8
& 7'
+7(&
: &,+
1 /
,&F
#"*.
819&
45
0.,$
:*
=A2
2 #"
*.81
9.2
8'/1
(.'&
2 15
0.
,$:
* %µ
.1%#
9A2
(&$’
49(4
* 7'
& 2
=$%
Eµ/8
& 7'
+7(&
: 8
.@84
µ/8.
2-6
µ)*.
2Eµ
/8&
.0=7
B4":
09#
$&
&*&µ
4*)2
G&1(
9*42
µ&#
$43
H."B
&'µ9
& G&
1(9*
42
$4"
7&#$
1.*$
.1'(
43
G&1(
9*42
µ&#
$43
I004
' $3,
4' (
&1(9
*4"
(8.*
&*&
D=14
*$&'
)
13 µ
.0=$
.2 .
( $A
* 4,
49A
* 6
RCTs
/ 57
3 #"
µµ.$
=B4*
$.2
13 R
CTs
(1 µ
% 8%
µ4#'
."µ=
*%),
.( $A
* 4,
49A
* 6
,.1'
0)D>
%#&*
#$
% µ.
$&-&
*/0"
#%/
122
8 #"
µµ.$
=B4*
$.2
(?,+
&"$
=2 4
' 5 µ
.0=$
.2
=B4"
* $%
7'+
7(&
A2
µ=>4
84 ,
&1=µ
@&#%
2, 1
$%
7'+
7(&
#. #
"*8"
&#µ+
µ.
8'&
047'
#µ+
(&' 4
' ",+
04',
.2
B1%#
'µ4,
4'43
* /0
0.2
µ.>+
84"2
#"
µ,0%
1Aµ&
$'(:
* (&
' .*&
00&(
$'(:
* >.
1&,.
':*)
(µ.0
=$.2
7'+
7(&:
#"
µµ.$
.9B&
* 19
1 #$
%*
4µ/8
& ,&
1=µ@
&#%2
(&
' 136
#$%
* 4µ
/8&
.0=7
B4")
RCTs
: !"#
$%&'
&(µ)
*+,
µ+-)
!+,
µ+ &
µ./$
+-)
0#&"
[30] !""#$%&' (!)%'*%&' +#, $',#"!-+%&#, !(%,+#.#,
!"!#$%&'#'
!"#$%$!$! "#$%&'# ()*+)$%,)-./ #-01*'2 )34) 5/ '6%"7 -# )8)+0')9 +9/ )"9($0')9/ +2/ ,97,6# 5/ µ):7(%* "#$;µ-<#'2/-:)$#")3#/ ') #':)-)3/ µ) 6#$63-% µ;'# #"7 +2- 6$9+96. #89%17,2'2 +5- )*$2µ0+5- +5- '*'+2µ#+96=- #-#'6%".')5-/µ)+#-#-#1&')5- "%* )3-#9 (9#:;'9µ)/ '+2 (9):-. <9<19%,$#>3#. ?- 6#9 #"7 +# )*$.µ#+# >0-2-6) 7+9 2 ,97,6# µ"%$)3 -# ;4)9 :)+96;/ )"9($0')9/ '+%*/ #':)-)3/ µ) 6#$63-%, 2 #89%"9'+3# +5- #"%+)1)'µ0+5- #"%(*-#µ=-)+#9 17,5 +%* µ;+$9%* 5/ *@21%& 63-(*-%* µ)$%12@3#/ +5- ")$9''7+)$5- µ)1)+=- (Sneerson et al 2013, Lin et al 2011). ! "#$%&'# µ)1;+2 (9#>;$)9 #"7 01-1)/ (2µ%'9)*µ;-)/ '*'+2µ#+96;/ #-#'6%".')9/, 6#:=/ #89%1%,)3 µ;'# #"7 µ9# "9% (9)*$*µ;-2 '6%"90 +% '&-%1% +5- )"9($0')5- +2/ ,97,6# ') 71%*/ +%*/ +&"%*/ 6#$-63-%*.
A# )*$.µ#+# +2/ "#$%&'#/ µ)1;+2/ #>%$%&- 6*-$35/ ') ,*-#36)/ #':)-)3/ µ) 6#$63-% +%* µ#'+%& '+9/ %"%3)/ >0-26) 7+9 2 ,97,6# ($# :)+960 (Harder et al 2012, Sadja & Mills 2013). B)+#8& +5- '*µµ)+)47-+5-, % #$9:µ7/ +5- #-($=- µ) (90>%$%*/ +&"%*/ 6#$63-%*, 7"5/ 1;µ>5µ# Hodgkin’s, 6#$63-% "-)&µ%-# . 6#$63-% ,#'+$)-+)$96%& '*'+.µ#+%/, .+#- 9(9#3+)$# µ96$7/ 6#9 2 )"3($#'2 +2/ ,97,6# ()- )34) 6#µ3# '+#+9'+960 '2µ#-+96. )"3($#'2 (Felbel et al 2014). ?*+7 ;$4)+#9 ') '*µ>5-3# µ) +2 <9<19%,$#>3# "%* 4#$+%,$#>)3 +% "$%>31 4$2'+=- +2/ ,97,6#, "#$%*'90C%-+#/ #"%+)1;'µ#+# "%* #>%$%&- 6*$35/ ,*-#36)/ +2/ 1)*6./ >*1./, µ) *@21. µ7$>5'2 6#9 *@217 6%9-5-96%%96%-%µ967 )"3")(% 6#9 '*-)"=/ µ) 6#1. "$7'<#'2 ') *"2$)'3)/ *,)3#/ (Birdee et al 2008). D'+7'%, ),)3$%-+#9 )$5+.µ#+# ') '4;'2 µ) +2- )"3($#'2 +2/ ,97,6# ') 0-($)/ µ) (90,-5'2 011%* +&"%* 6#$63-%* . ') 0+%µ# "%* ()- #-.6%*- '+2 1)*6. >*1. . ()- )3-#9 )*6#+0'+#+# . )3-#9 6%9-5-960 #"%µ%-5µ;-# . 0-)$,#. E$)90C)+#9 )"%µ;-5/, -# ,3-%*- µ)1;+)/ µ)+#8& #':)-=- µ) (90>%$%*/ +&"%*/ 6#$63-%* "%* #-.6%*- ') (9#>%-$)+96. >*1. 6#9 µ) (9#>%$)+967 µ%$>5+967, %96%-%µ967 6#9 6%9-5-967 )"3")(%.
! )+)$%,;-)9# 5/ "$%/ +% )3(%/ ,97,6#, +2 (90$6)9# 6#9 +2 '*4-7+2+# +5- '*-)($9=- "%* #6%1%*:.:26#- '+9/ µ)1;+)/ )3-#9 µ9# '2µ#-+96. "#$0µ)+$%/ '+2- "#-$%&'# )$,#'3# (Cramer et al 2012<). F)(%µ;-2/ +2/ µ)-+#<12+7+2+#/ '+2 4$%-96. (90$6)9#, '+2- ;-+#'2 6#9 +2 '*4-7+2+# +5- "#$)µ<0')5- ,97,6# )3-#9 (&'6%1% -# (9)8#4:%&- '#>. 6#9 #897"9'+# #"%+)1;'µ#+# (Mishra et al 2014). G"9"1;%-, ') 13,)/ µ)1;+)/ ;,9-) #-#>%$0 ') "#$)-;$,)9)/ . +$#*µ#+9'µ%&/ 6#+0 +2 (90$6)9# +5- '*-)($9=-, ,),%-7/ "%* 6#:9'+0 )"9<)<12µ;-2 +2 (9)8#-,5,. µ)1)+=- ,9# +2- #'>01)9# +2/ ,97,6#, #110 6#9 "%* *"%()96-&)9 4#µ21. 6#+#,$#>. '+%94)35- '+9/ (2µ%'9-)*µ;-)/ µ)1;+)/.
A# #"%+)1;'µ#+# +5- )"9($0')5- +2/ ,97,6# '+%*/ #':)-)3/ µ) 6#$63-% )3-#9 #':)-., )-= 2 )+)$%,;-)9#
*@21.. H)+96;/ )"9($0')9/ >#3-)+#9 -# ;4)9 '+# )"3")(# 0,4%*/, '+$)/ 6#9 6#+0:19@2/ 6#9 '+2 <)1+35'2 +2/ IJKL, µ;+$9)/ '+2- 67"5'2 6#9 µ96$;/ '+2 <)1+35'2 +5- (9#-+#$#4=- &"-%*, #- 6#9 ()- *"0$4)9 #"71*+2 %µ%>5-3#, 6#:=/ 60"%9# )*$.µ#+# )3-#9 #-+96$%*7µ)-# (Cramer et al 2012a). G*-%2µ;-)/ >#3-)+#9 -# )3-#9 %9 ,*-#36)/ µ) 6#$63-% +%* µ#'+%& 6#+0 +2 (90$6)9# +2/ )-)$,%&/ :)-$#")3#/. F)(%µ;-%* 7+9 +% 4$%-967 (90'+2µ# +% %"%3% µ)-1)+0+#9 2 ,97,6# 5/ µ;:%(%/ "#$;µ<#'2/ 6#9 :)$#")3#/ ,9# +%*/ #':)-)3/ µ) 6#$63-% )3-#9 µ96$7, +# '+%94)3# "%* "#$%*'90C%-+#9 ') #*+. +2- #-#'67"2'2 "$;")9 -# :)5-$2:%&- 5/ "$=9µ#. H# "$;")9 -# (9)8#4:%&- 6#10 '4)-(9#'µ;-)/, µ),01)/ +*4#9%"%92µ;-)/ µ)1;+)/ µ) %µ0(# )1;,4%*, %9 %"%3)/ :# "$%':;'%*- -;# 6#9 "9% #897"9'+# ()(%µ;-#. M5/ +7+), :# "$;")9 2 4$.'2 +2/ ,97,6# 5/ µ):7(%* "#$;µ<#'2/ -# ,3-)+#9 µ) "$%'%4.. G"9"1;%-, :# "$;")9 -# ,3-%*- µ)1;+)/ 67'+%*/-%>;1%*/, ,9# -# #89%1%,2:)3 )0- 2 "#$;µ<#'2 µ) ,97,6# #"%+)1)3 µ9# 4#µ21%& 67'+%*/ :)$#")*+96. 6#9 '*µ"12$5µ#+96. "#-$;µ<#'2 ,9# +%*/ #':)-)3/ µ) 6#$63-% . 749.
&'()*()!+*)I+2- "#$%&'# µ)1;+2 *".$8) #-#"7>)*6+2 2 #"%>*,. '>#1µ0+5- "%* 6*$35/ '4)+3C%-+#9 µ) #(*-#µ3)/ 6#+0 +% '+0(9% +2/ #-#C.+2'2/ 6#9 #-)&$)'2/ +5- (9#>7$5- µ)1)+=- '+2 <9<19%,$#>3#. N9# "#$0()9,µ#, 2 #-#C.+2'2 "$#,µ#+%"%9.:26) µ7-% '+2- ?,,196. ,1=''# 6#9 "#$7-1% "%* 2 "1)9%@2>3# +5- (2µ%'9)*µ;-5- 0$:$5- )-(;-4)+#9 -# )3-#9 ') #*+. +2 ,1=''#, )-+%&+%9/, ()- #"%61)3-)+#9 -# ;4%*- "#$#<1)>:)3 µ)1;+)/ "%* ;4%*- ,$#>)3 ') (9#>%$)+96. ,1=''#. G"3'2/, 2 #(*-#µ3# "$7'<#'2/ ') %$9'µ;-%*/ )6(%+96%&/ %36%*/ 6#9 % )"#671%*:%/ #"%-61)9'µ7/ %$9'µ;-5- 0$:$5- #"7 +2- "#$%&'# #-#'67-"2'2, )-(;4)+#9 -# '*µ<011)9 ")$#9+;$5 '+2- )9'#,5,. '>01µ#+%/ 6#9 -# ;4)9 )"2$)0')9 +2- )8#,5,. +5- '*-µ")$#'µ0+5-.
G"9"1;%-, ()- ;,9-) #-#C.+2'2 ') <0')9/ ()(%µ;-5- ,6$3C#/ <9<19%,$#>3#/, µ) '*-;")9# -# *"0$4)9 µ96$7-+)$2 #-+9"$%'=")*'2 µ)1)+=- "%* ()- ;4%*- #67µ2 (2µ%'9)*:)3 ') <0')9/ ()(%µ;-5-, . )-()4%µ;-5/ -# µ2- ;4%*- '+# )*$.µ#+0 +%*/ :)+96;/ )"9($0')9/, 60+9 "%* µ"%$)3 -# %(2,.')9 '+% -# µ2- 12>:%&- *"7@2 '+2 (9):-. (2µ%'9)*µ;-2 <9<19%,$#>3# (publication bias). D'+7'%, 2 .(2 (2µ%'9)*µ;-2 <9<19%,$#>3# ') #*+7 +% ")(3% )3-#9 9(9#3+)$# )"9>*1#6+96. 6#9 6#+0 6&$9% 17,%, ()- #-#>;$%-+#9 9'4*$;/ )-()38)9/ 6#9 *@21;/ +9µ;/ )"9-($0')5-, 60+9 "%* µ)+$90C)9 +% ,),%-7/ +2/ ;11)9@2/ µ)-1)+=- µ) #$-2+960 . µ2 '2µ#-+960 )*$.µ#+#.
A;1%/, 2 9'4&/ +5- "#$7-+5- #"%+)1)'µ0+5- )-(;-4)+#9 -# #µ>9'<2+2:)3 )8#9+3#/ +2/ *@21./ )+)$%,;-)9#/ +5- µ)1)+=- "%* ;4%*- '*µ")$912>:)3 '+9/ '*'+2µ#+9-6;/ #-#'6%".')9/, +% ,),%-7/ 7+9 2 "1)9%@2>3# +%*/ (9-)8.4:2 ') ,*-#36)/ µ) 6#$63-% µ#'+%& 6#:=/ 6#9 +2-
!"#"$ 9 - !%&'"$ 3 [31]
!"!#$%&'#'
!"#µ#$#%&"'$! ()" ('*"$+," (-. %$/%+! 0#1 *2-3$µ#0#$-45-+!", (-. 6$72+'$!. (-. +75' 31"'628!., (- 6$72+'$! (-. 0!2&µ9!3-. !::7 +!$ ()" 6$!;#2'($+," '2%!:'8)" '+(8µ-3-. ()" !0#(':'3µ7()".
!"#$%&'!#'('<8"!$ '"5!221"($+/ /($ 1072*#1" '"6'8='$. 0#1 !;#2#>" 3($. 5'($+&. '0$6273'$. (-. %$/%+! 3' !35'"'8. µ' +!2+8-"#. <"(#>(#$., - 0#$/(-(! +!$ 0#3/(-(! ()" 10!2*#13," !0#6'8=')" '8"!$ !0#(2'0($+4 %$! (- '=!%)%4 !3;!:," +!$ !=$/0$3()" !0#(':'3µ7()".
?$ '0!%%':µ!(8'. 1%'8!. )3(/3#, 5! 02&0'$ "! %")-28@#1" +!$ "! +!(!"##>" /:'. ($. 0!2'*/µ'"'. 10-2'-38'. +!$ µ'5/6#1. 5'2!0'8!., 3(#*'>#"(!. 3(-" 0!-2#*4 #:$3($+4. ;2#"(86!.. <0#µ&")., '8"!$ 3-µ!"($+4 - '"-µ&2)34 (#1. %$! ($. '0$6273'$. (-. %$/%+! 3(#1. !35'"'8. µ' +!2+8"#, +!5,. 02/+'$(!$ %$! µ$! "&! +!$ 10#3*/µ'"- µ&5#6# 0#1 '2'1"7(!$ (! (':'1(!8! *2/-"$! 3(- 61($+4 $!(2$+4, µ' 3+#0/ (- :4A- !0#;73')" 9!3$3µ&")" 3' '"6'8='$. +!$ (-" 02#!%)%4 #:$3($+," 3(2!(-%$+," 3' !35'"'8. 0#1 !"!@-(#>" µ$! +!:>('2- 0#$/(-(! @)4..
BCBDC?EFGHCG
1o !"#!$%& '"()*)+',- $"$+.,)/01- $"2#3%#- 3)& 9& 4#.$551./& 0#/ 8& 4#.$+"('#60* 7'/3),8&./0* 0#/
7'#22$58#)/0* 9&3,5$+)/0* :+.;<"/&.=#5#8>)# 19-22 ?#@&+, 2016.
Anderson J.G. & Taylor A.G. (2012). Use of complementary therapies for cancer symptom management: Results of the 2007 national health interview survey. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 18(3):235-41.
Banerjee B., Vadiraj H.S., Ram A., Rao R., Jayapal M., Gopinath K.S., Ramesh B.S., Rao N., Kumar A., Raghuram N., Hegde S., Nagendra H.R. & Prakash Hande M. (2007). Effects of an integrated yoga program in modulating psychological stress and radiation-induced genotoxic stress in breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. Integrative Cancer Therapies 6(3):242-50.
Bidwell A.J., Yazel B., Davin D., Fairchild T.J. & Kanaley J.A. (2012). Yoga training improves quality of life in women with asthma. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 18(8):749-55.
Birdee G.S., Legedza A.T., Saper R.B., Bertisch S.M., Eisenberg D.M. & Phillips R.S. (2008). Characteristics of yoga users: results of a national survey. Journal of General Internal Medicine 23(10):1653-8.
Boehm K., Ostermann T., Milazzo S. & Büssing A. (2012). Effects of yoga interventions on fatigue: a meta-analysis. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012:124703.
Bower J.E., Garet D., Sternlieb B., Ganz P.A., Irwin M.R., Olmstead R. & Greendale G. (2012). Yoga for persistent fatigue in breast cancer survivors: A randomized controlled trial. Cancer 118(15):3766-75.
Buffart L.M., van Uffelen J.G., Riphagen I.I., Brug J., van Mechelen W., Brown W.J. & Chinapaw M.J. (2012). Physical and psychosocial benefits of yoga in cancer patients and survivors, a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Cancer 12:559.
Cabral P., Meyer H.B. & Ames D. (2011).Effectiveness of yoga therapy as a complementary treatment for major psychiatric disorders: a meta-analysis. The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders 13(4).
Chandwani K.D., Ryan J.L., Peppone L.J., Janelsins M.M., Sprod L.K., Devine K., Trevino L., Gewandter J., Morrow G.R. & Mustian
K.M. (2012). Cancer-related stress and complementary and alternative medicine: A review. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012:979213.
Cramer H., Lange S., Klose P., Paul A. & Dobos G. (2012a). Can yoga improve fatigue in breast cancer patients? A systematic review. Acta Oncologica 51(4):559-60.
Cramer H., Lange S., Klose P., Paul A. & Dobos G. (2012b). Yoga for breast cancer patients and survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 12:412.
Cramer H., Ward L., Steel A., Lauche R., Dobos G. & Zhang Y. (2016). Prevalence, Patterns, and Predictors of Yoga Use: Results of a U.S. Nationally Representative Survey. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 50(2):230-5.
Culos-Reed S.N., Carlson L.E., Daroux L.M. & Hately-Aldous S. (2006). A pilot study of yoga for breast cancer survivors: physical and psychological benefits. Psycho-oncology 15(10): 891-7.
Eisenberg D.M., Davis R.B., Ettner S.L., Appel S., Wilkey S., Van Rompay M. & Kessler R.C.(1998). Trends in alternative medicine use in the United States, 1990-1997: results of a follow-up national survey. JAMA 280(18):1569-75.
Ernst E. & White A.R. (2000). The BBC survey of complementary medicine use in the UK. Complementary Therapies in Medicine 8(1):32-6.
Felbel S., Meerpohl J.J., Monsef I., Engert A. & Skoetz N. (2014). Yoga in addition to standard care for patients with haematological malignancies. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 6:CD010146.
Ferlay J., Soerjomataram I., Ervik M., Dikshit R., Eser S., Mathers C., Rebelo M., Parkin D.M., Forman D. & Bray F. (2013). Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide: IARC Cancer Base No. 11. In GLOBOCAN 2012, version 1.0. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer.
Finnegan-John J., Molassiotis A., Richardson A. & Ream E. (2013). A systematic review of complementary and alternative medicine
[32] !""#$%&' (!)%'*%&' +#, $',#"!-+%&#, !(%,+#.#,
!"!#$%&'#'
interventions for the management of cancer-related fatigue. Integrative Cancer Therapies 12(4):276-90.
Fouladbakhsh J.M. & Stommel M. (2010). Gender, symptom experience, and use of complementary and alternative medicine practices among cancer survivors in the U.S. cancer population. Oncology Nursing Forum 37(1): E7-E15.
Harder H., Parlour L. & Jenkins V. (2012). Randomised controlled trials of yoga interventions for women with breast cancer: a systematic literature review. Supportive Care in Cancer 20(12):3055-64.
Higgins J.P.T. & Green S., editors (2011). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011].
Horneber M., Bueschel G., Dennert G., Less D., Ritter E. & Zwahlen M. (2012). How many cancer patients use complementary and alternative medicine: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Integrative Cancer Therapies 11(3):187-203.
Innes K.E, Bourguignon C. & Taylor A.G. (2005). Risk indices associated with the insulin resistance syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and possible protection with yoga: a systematic review. Journal of the American Board of Family Practice 18(6):491-519.
Kang D., Wu Y., Hu D., Hong Q., Wang J. & Zhang X. (2012). Reliability and External Validity of AMSTAR in Assessing Quality of TCM Systematic Reviews. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012:732195.
Kelley G.A. & Kelley K.S. (2015). Meditative Movement Therapies and Health-Related Quality-of-Life in Adults: A Systematic Review of Meta-Analyses. PLoS One 10(6):e0129181.
Kramlich D. (2014). Introduction to complementary, alternative, and traditional therapies. Critical Care Nurse 34(6):50-6.
Kuttner L., Chambers C.T., Hardial J., Israel D.M., Jacobson K. & Evans K. (2006). A randomized trial of yoga for adolescents with irritable bowel syndrome. Pain Research and Management 11(4):217-23.
Lin K.Y., Hu Y.T., Chang K.J., Lin H.F. & Tsauo J.Y. (2011). Effects of yoga on psychological health, quality of life, and physical health of patients with cancer: a meta-analysis. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2011:659876.
Liberati A., Altman D.G., Tetzlaff J., Mulrow C., Gøtzsche P.C., Ioannidis J.P., Clarke M., Devereaux P.J., Kleijnen J. & Moher D. (2009). The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. Annals of Internal Medicine 151(4):W65-94.
McCall M.C. (2014). In search of yoga: Research trends in a western medical database. International Journal of Yoga 7(1):4-8.
Mishra S.I., Scherer R.W., Snyder C., Geigle P. & Gotay C. (2014). Are exercise programs effective for improving health-related quality of life among cancer survivors? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncology Nursing Forum 41(6):E326-42.
Mustian K.M. (2013). Yoga as Treatment for Insomnia Among Cancer Patients and Survivors: A Systematic Review. European Medical Journal Oncology 1:106-115.
Pan Y., Yang K., Wang Y., Zhang L. & Liang H. (2015). Could yoga practice improve treatment-related side effects and quality of life
for women with breast cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology doi: 10.1111/ajco.12329.
Pandey A., Tripathi P., Pandey R., Srivatava R. & Goswami S. (2011). Alternative therapies useful in the management of diabetes: A systematic review. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences 3(4):504-12.
Patel C. (1975). 12-month follow-up of yoga and bio-feedback in the management of hypertension. The Lancet 1(7898):62-4.
Raj V.A. (1994). The Hindu Connection: Roots of New Age. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House.
Raub J.A. (2002). Psychophysiologic effects of Hatha Yoga on musculoskeletal and cardiopulmonary function: a literature review. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 8(6):797-812.
Sadja J. & Mills P.J. (2013). Effects of yoga interventions on fatigue in cancer patients and survivors: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Explore (New York, N.Y.) 9(4):232-43.
Samuel S.R., Veluswamy S.K., Maiya A.G., Fernandes D.J. & McNeely M.L. (2015). Exercise-based interventions for cancer survivors in India: a systematic review. Springer Plus 4:655.
Satchidananda SS. (2011). The yoga sutras of Patanjali. 16th ed. Yogaville, Virginia US: Integral Yoga Publications.
Sharma M., Haider T. & Knowlden A.P. (2013). Yoga as an alternative and complementary treatment for cancer: a systematic review. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 19(11):870-5.
Shea B.J., Grimshaw J.M., Wells G.A., Boers M., Andersson N., Hamel C., Porter A.C., Tugwell P., Moher D. & Bouter L.M. (2007a). Development of AMSTAR: a measurement tool to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews. BMC Medical Research Methodology 7:10.
Shea B.J., Bouter L.M., Peterson J., Boers M., Andersson N., Ortiz Z., Ramsay T., Bai A., Shukla V.K. & Grimshaw J.M. (2007b). External validation of a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews (AMSTAR). PLoS One 2(12):e1350.
Shea B.J., Hamel C., Wells G.A., Bouter L.M., Kristjansson E., Grimshaw J., Henry D.A. & Boers M. (2009). AMSTAR is a reliable and valid measurement tool to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 62(10):1013-20.
Shneerson C., Taskila T., Gale N., Greenfield S. & Chen Y.F. (2013). The effect of complementary and alternative medicine on the quality of life of cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analyses. Complementary Therapies in Medicine 21(4):417-29.
Shorten A. & Shorten B. (2013). What is meta-analysis? Evidence-Based Nursing 16(1):3-4.
Smith V., Devane D., Begley C.M. & Clarke M. (2011). Methodology in conducting a systematic review of systematic reviews of healthcare interventions. BMC Medical Research Methodology 11(1):15.
Wren A.A., Wright M.A., Carson J.W. & Keefe F.J. (2011). Yoga for persistent pain: new findings and directions for an ancient practice. Pain 152(3):477-80.
!"#"$ 9 - !%&'"$ 3 [33]
!"!#$%&'#'
ABSTRACTIntroduction: Western medicine’s model has been enriched with alternative management and treatment methods. Yoga is a technique that incorporates physical exercises, breathing methods, meditation and relaxation which has been proposed to have positive effects on cancer patients.Aim: The aim of the present study is to critically review findings of systematic reviews/meta-analyses that are available in the international literature, regarding the effects of yoga on cancer patients.Methodology: Literature review was performed in five (5) databases: PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Database of systematic Reviews. Authors adopted the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis model in order to perform a critical review of the existing literature. Methodological assessment of papers under review was performed according to criteria of the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews instrument. Inclusion criteria were the English language, research undertaken in adults and evaluation of effects of yoga as the primary intervention.Results: Although there is a lack of guidelines regarding the assessment of systematic reviews using the above mentioned instruments, 16 papers were included in the present study. Findings are confounding, even though there is evidence supporting the use of yoga in certain types of cancer. Specifically, improvements in quality of life and psychological wellbeing, anxiety, however, not pain reduction, have been reported in women suffering from breast cancer, however, no statistically significant effect has been documented in patients with haematological malignancies.Conclusions: The majority of studies about the effects of yoga on quality of life, fatigue, sleep quality, anxiety, and depression have small samples. There is a trend towards an overall quality of life improvement, nonetheless, the lack of sufficiently powered randomized controlled trials prevents the extraction of a safe conclusion about the efficacy of yoga in various cancer types and caution must be exercised by patients practicing yoga.
Keywords: Review, effects, yoga, cancer
Effects !f Yoga !n cancer patients: Secondary analysis !f Systematic Reviews/Meta-Analyses
Dimos Mastrogiannis1, Anna Bitha2
1. Lecturer, PhD, MSc, Nursing Department, (.).*. of Central Greece (Sterea Ellada)2. Registered Nurse, “Sotiria” General Hospital of Chest Diseases
Corresponding Author: Anna BithaContact Address: 12 Danais str., Gerakas,Athens, GreeceE-mail: [email protected] Number: +306939246099
Submission Date: 30/04/2016Publication Date: 10/07/2016
