Zp¿ -e-am-Im-Xn-cn-°m≥ - · PDF filePublisher l Distribution Da’wa Books l...

Cuam≥

Zp¿_-e-am-Im-Xn-cn-°m≥

DA’WA BOOKSP.B No: 1981, Vyttila, Cochin - 19

ssiJv apl-ΩZv kzmenlv A¬ ap\-÷nZv

Cuam≥ Zp¿_-e-am-Im-Xn-cn-°m≥

hnh¿Ø\w:

A_q-l∂ ]ocp-taSv

Publisher l DistributionDa’wa Books l Salafi Cultural Complex l Vyttila l Kochi - 19 l Kerala l India

Web: www.dawabooks.org l Email: [email protected]: Primrose l Type Setting : Nasar l Printing : Anaswara Offset, Kochi

ISBN: 978-93-80442-14-3

DA’WA BOOKS

All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or utilised in any form orby any means without the prior written permission of the publisher.

Cuam≥ Zp¿_-e-am-Im-Xn-cn-°m≥

Author : Shaikh Muhammad Swalih Al MunajjidTranslator: Aboohanna PeerumeduChecked by: Shameer Madeeni

First Edition : July 2010Price: Rs. 40.00

Malayalam l Study l Eeman Durbalamakathirikkan

A¥m-cmjvS \ne-hm-c-Øn¬ ae-bmf ]pkvX-I-ßƒ ]pd-Øn-

d-°p-Ibpw ]k-‡-amb hnhn[ `mjm-K-Ÿ-ßƒ ae-bm-f-

Øn-te°v samgn-am‰w \SØn ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw A¥m-

cmjvS kaq-l-Øn\v ]cn-Nbs∏Sp-tØ≠ ae-bmf IrXn-

Iƒ a‰p `mj-I-fn-te°v ]cn-`m-j-s∏-SpØn ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-

Ibpw sNøp-I-sb∂ e£y-tØmsS XpS°w Ipdn® "ZAvhm

_pIvkv' it≤-bhpw hyXn-cn-‡-hp-amb ]pkvX-I-ßƒ ]pd-

Øn-d-°n-s°m≠v CXn-\Iw Xs∂ ]pkvXI ]km-[\

cwKØv ÿnc-]-XnjvT t\Sn-°-gn-™n-´p-≠v, ¬q∏d ~ª◊G.hnip≤ Jp¿-B\pw Xncp-kp-∂-Øp-am-Ip∂ Ckvem-ans‚ ASn-

ÿm\ ]am-W-ß-sf, ]hm-N-I≥bpsS ]tXy-I-amb AwKo-

Im-cw e`n® BZna Xe-ap-d-°m¿ a\- n-em-°n-b-Xp-t]mse

a\- n-em-°-W-sa∂ Alvep-kp-∂Øn h¬ Pam-A-Øns‚

coXnimkvX-Øn¬ KŸ-c-N\ \S-Øn-bn-´p≈ ]fin-X≥am-

cpsS ]pkvX-I-ß-fmWv ZAvhm _pIvkv ][m-\-ambpw ]pd-

Øn-d-°p-∂-Xv. KŸ-I¿Øm-°-fpsS kz¥-amb A`n-]m-b-ß-

fn-te°v £Wn-°p-I-b-√, ]am-W-_-≤-ambn Imcy-ßsf hne-

bn-cp-Øp-Ibpw a\- n-em-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xn-te°v hmb-\-

°msc \bn-°p-I-bmWv CØcw KŸ-ßƒ ]pd-Øn-d-

°p∂Xns‚ Dt±-iyw. KŸ-I¿Øm-°-fpsS kz¥-amb A`n-

]m-b-ßƒ ZAvhm _pIvkns‚ A`n-]m-b-ß-f-s√-∂¿∞w.

ssiJv apl-ΩZv kzmenlv A¬ ap\-÷n-Zns‚ Zzmln-dXp ZpAv-

^n¬ Cuam≥ F∂ IrXn-bpsS ae-bmf hnh¿Ø\amWn-Xv.

hnizm-k-Zu¿_-ey-Øns‚ e£-W-ßfpw Imc-W-ßfpw

]amW_≤-ambn hni-I-e\w sNøp-Ibpw hnizm-k-h¿[-\-

hn\v am¿K-ßƒ \n¿t±-in-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ ]pkvX-Iw. Xn∑-

Iƒ Acßp \nd-™m-Sp∂ h¿Ø-am-\-Øn¬ Imen-S-dmsX

]nSn®p \n¬°-W-sa-∂m-K-ln-°p∂-h¿°v HcpØa hgn-Im-

´n. A_q-l∂ ]ocp-taSmWv ]cn-`mj \n¿h-ln®ncn-°p-∂Xv.

\mYm. . . . \o CsXmcp ]Xn-^-em¿l-amb ]h¿Ø-\-ambn

kzoI-cn-t°-Wta. (Bao≥).

amt\-P¿

¿ÉÁ’G ∞©°V IôgÉX∞dDƒŸG

~`` qé`æŸG ídÉ``°U ~q ª``fi ï`«```°ûdGºLÎŸG

á`qæ````M ƒ``````HGô°TÉædG

~æ¡dG ,’Òc ,ø°Tƒc ,IƒY~dG Öàµe

BapJw

11

Cuam≥ Zp¿_-e-amIp∂-Xns‚

e£-W-ßƒ

15

Cuam-≥ Zp¿_-e-am-Im-\p≈

Imc-W-ßƒ

31

Cuam\ns‚ Zp¿_-e-X-°p≈

NnIn’

41

Xmfp-I-fn¬

BapJw

k¿h-kvXp-Xnbpw A√mlphn\v amXw. \mw Ahs\ kvXpXn-

°p-Ibpw Ah-t\mSv klm-bhpw ]m]-tam-N-\hpw A¿Yn-°p-Ibpw

sNøp-∂p. \ΩpsS Xn≥a-bn¬ \n∂pw, F√m tami--amb ]h¿Ø-

\-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw A√m-lp-hn-t\mSv c£ tXSp-∂p. A√mlp Bsc-

t\¿h-gn-bn-te°v \bn-°p-∂pthm, Ahs\ hgn-sX-‰n-°m≥ Hcp

i‡n°pw Ign-bn-√. A√mlp Bsc hgn-sX-‰n-®pthm, Ahs\

t\¿h-gn-bn-te°v \bn-°m≥ Hcp i‡n°pw Ign-bn-√. A√m-lp-h-

√msX Bcm-[y-\n-s√∂v Rm≥ km£yw hln-°p-∂p. Ah\v klm-

bntbm ]¶p-Im-ct\m C√. apl-ΩZv \_n A√m-lp-hns‚ ZqX-

\pw Zmk-\p-am-sW∂v Rm≥ km£yw hln-°p-∂p.

""kXyhnizmknItf, \nßƒ A√mlpsh kq£nt°≠

apd]Imcw kq£n°pI. \nßƒ apkvenwIfmbns°m≠√msX

acn°m\nSbmIcpXv.''(BepCwdm≥: 102).

Cuam≥ Zp¿_-e-am-Im-Xn-cn-°m≥12

""a\pjytc, \nßsf Htc BXvamhn¬ \n∂v krjvSn°pIbpw,

AXn¬ \n∂pXs∂ AXns‚ CWsbbpw krjvSn°pIbpw, Ah¿

Ccphcn¬ \n∂pambn [mcmfw ]pcpj≥amscbpw kvXoIsfbpw

hym]n∏n°pIbpw sNbvXh\mb \nßfpsS c£nXmhns\ \nßƒ

kq£n°phn≥. GsXmcp A√mlphns‚ t]cn¬ \nßƒ At\ym-\yw

tNmZn®p sIm≠ncn°p∂pthm Ahs\ \nßƒ kq£n-°pI.

IpSpw__‘ßsfbpw (\nßƒ kq£n°pI). Xo¿®bmbpw A√mlp

\nßsf \nco£n®p sIm≠ncn°p∂-h\mIp∂p.'' (\nkm-Av:1).

""kXyhnizmknItf, \nßƒ A√mlpsh kq£n°pIbpw,

icnbmb hm°v ]dbpIbpw sNøpI. F¶n¬ Ah≥ \nßƒ°v

\nßfpsS I¿aßƒ \∂m°nØcnIbpw, \nßfpsS ]m]ßƒ

Ah≥ s]mdpØpXcnIbpw sNøpw. A√mlpshbpw Ahs‚ ZqX-

s\bpw B¿ A\pkcn°p∂pthm Ah≥ alØmb hnPbw t\Snbn-

cn°p∂p.''(Alvkm_v:70,71).

Cuam-\ns‚ Zu¿_eyw Xo¿®-bmbpw C∂v apkvenwIƒ°n-Sn-

bn¬ hfscb[nIw hym]n® Hcp Imcy-am-Wv. [mcmfw Bfp-Iƒ

Xß-fpsS lrZ-b-Øns‚ ITn-\-X-sb-°p-dn®v hne-]n-°m-dp-≠v. \mw

km[m-cW tIƒ°p∂ hmN-I-ß-fm-Wv ""Fs‚ a\ v ITn-\-am-bn-

cn-°p∂p'', ""F\n°v Bcm-[-\-bn¬ Hcp D’m-lhpw tXm∂p-∂n√'',

""Fs‚ Cuam≥ hfsc XmWp t]mb-Xmbn tXm∂p∂p'', ""Jp¿-

B≥ ]mcm-bWw sNbvXn-´pw F\n°v Hcp Dt∑-jhpw tXm∂p-

∂n√'', ""sX‰n-te°v Rm≥ thK-Øn¬ hoWp t]mIp∂p'' XpS-ßn-

bh. Cu hn]-Øv (Cuam-\ns‚ Zu¿_eyw) Df-hm-°p∂ Zp zm-[o-

\-ßƒ [mcmfw Bfp-I-fn¬ ImWm≥ Ignbpw. F√m hn[ ]co-£-

W-ßƒ°pw B]-Øp-Iƒ°pw apJy-Im-cWw Cuam-\ns‚ Zu¿_-

ey-am-Wv.

a\p-jys‚ lrZbw hfscb[nIw ]m[m-\y-ap-≈-Xpw, s]s´∂v

amdp-∂-Xp-amb H∂m-Wv. a\- n\v Ad-_n-bn¬ "J¬_v' F∂mWv

Cuam≥ Zp¿_-e-am-Im-Xn-cn-°m≥ 13

]d-bpI˛ hfsc s]s´∂v amdn-a-dn-bp-∂Xv F∂m-WXn-\¿Yw. (XJ-

√p-_v-˛-cq-]m-¥-cw, hyXn-bm-\w, amdn-a-dnb¬). \_n ]d-™p:

""J¬_v F∂Xv XJ-√p-_n¬ \n∂pw \njv]-∂-am-b-Xm-Wv. lrZ-

b-Øns‚ D]a ac-Øn¬ sIń-Øq-°nb Xqh¬ t]m-se-bmWv, Im‰-

Sn-°p-tºmƒ amdn adn-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.''(AlvaZv 4/408,

kzlo-lp¬ PmanAv: 2364).

as‰mcp dnt∏m¿ń¬:

""lrZ-b-Øns‚ D]a Hgn™ Hcp ]tZ-iØv InS-°p∂ Hcp

Xqh¬ t]mse-bm-Wv. Im‰-Sn-°p-tºmƒ AXv amdnadn™psIm≠n-

cn°pw.''(C_v\p A_n¬ Bknw, InØm-_p- p∂ : 227, kzlo-

lmb k\-Zv, Znem-ep¬ P∂Øn ô XJvcoPn- p∂, A¬_m-\n˛

1/102)

a\p-jy-a-\ v \nc-¥cw i‡-ambn amdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°pw. \_n]d™p:

""BZ-ans‚ k¥-Xn-bpsS a\ v, Hcp ]mX-Øn¬ Xnf®p adn-

bp∂ sh≈-sØ-°mƒ hfsc s]s´∂v CfInadnbp-∂-Xm-Wv.''

(C_v\p A_n¬ Bknw, InXm-_p- p∂, 226). as‰mcp dnt∏m¿-

ń¬, ""Ie-Øn¬ Xnf®p adn-bp∂ sh≈-sØ-°mƒ thK-Øn¬

amdn-s°m-≠n-cn°pw''(AlvaZv 6/4, kzlo-lp¬ Pman-Av: 5147) F∂m-

Wp-≈-Xv.

lrZ-bsØ am‰n adn-°p-∂Xpw AXns\ \nb-¥n-°p-∂Xpw

A√mlp BWv. A_vZp-√m-ln_v\p Bkzv \nth-Z\w: \_n]dbp∂Xv Rm≥ tI´p:

""BZ-an‚ a°-fpsS lrZ-b-ßƒ ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is‚ hnc-ep-

Iƒ°n-S-bn-em-Wv. Hscm‰ lrZbw t]mse. Ah≥ Dt±-in-°p-∂-

Xp-t]mse Ahsb Ah≥ Xncn®p sIm≠n-cn°pw.'' tijw At±-

lw ]d™p: ""A√m-lpth, lrZ-b-ßƒ \nb-¥n-°p-∂-h-t\,


\ns∂ A\p-k-cn-°p-∂-Xn-te°v Rß-fpsS lrZ-b-ßsf Xncn-

t°-Wta.''(apkvenw, 2654)

A√mlp ]d-bp∂p:

"" . . .a\pjy∂pw Ahs‚ a\ n\pw CSbn¬ A√mlp

adbnSp∂XmWv F∂pw Ah¶te°v \nßƒ Hcpan®pIq´-s∏Spsa-

∂pw \nßƒ Adn™v sIm≈pI''(A≥^m¬:24)

A¥y-Zn-\-Øn¬ c£-bp-≠m-hp-I-bn-√, ""Ip‰-a‰ lrZ-b-hp-ambn

A√m-lp-hn-¶¬ sN∂-h¿s°m-gnsI.''(ipA-dm-Av :89). ""...lrZ-b-ßƒ

ISp-Øp-t]m-b-h¿°v...''(l÷v :53) BWv \miw. ""AZr-iy-amb \ne-

bn¬ ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is\ b-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Xmgva-bp≈ lrZ-b-tØmSp

IqSn hcn-Ibpw sNbvX-h∂v''(Jm^v: 33) BWv kz¿Kw hmKvZm\w

sNbvXn-´p-≈-Xv.

kXy-hn-izmkn Ahs‚ lrZ-bsØ ]cn-tim-[n-°-Ww. AXnse

Ipg-∏-ß-fpsS Imc-W-ßfpw ]Ir-Xhpw Is≠-Øp-Ibpw AXns\

icn-bmb coXn-bn¬ NnIn-’n-°p-Ibpw thWw, Ah \ΩpsS lrZ-

bsØ AXn-I-an®v Iogvs∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\v apºm-bn. CXv hfsc-

b[nIw Kuc-h-ap≈ Imcy-am-Wv. ImcWw, lrZbw ISp-Øp-t]m-b-

h¿, lrZ-b-Øn\v tcmKw _m[n-®-h¿, A‘X _m[n-®-h¿, apZ-

sN-ø-s∏-´-h¿, lrZ-b-ßƒ am‰n adn-°-s∏-´-h¿ F∂n-hsc°pdn®v

A√mlp \ap°v ap∂-dn-bn∏v \¬Ip-∂p.

hnizmkw (Cuam≥) Zp¿_-e-s∏-Sp-∂-Xns‚ e£-W-ßfpw Imc-

W-ßfpw Ah-°p≈ ]cn-lm-c-ßfpw BWv XpS¿∂v ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-

∂-Xv. F\n°pw Fs‚ apkvenw ktlm-Z-c-ßƒ°pw Cu KŸw-

sIm≠v ]tbm-P\w e`n-°m≥ Rm≥ A√m-lp-hn-t\mSv ]m¿Yn-°p-

∂p. CXv ]pd-Øn-d-°p-∂-Xn\v ]n∂n¬ ]h¿Øn® F√m-h¿°pw

A√mlp aXn-bmb ]Xn-^-ew \¬I-s´, \ΩpsS lrZ-b-ßƒ ab-

s∏-Sp-Øm\pw \sΩ t\¿hgn°p \bn-°m\pw \mw A√m-lp-hn-t\m-

Sv ]m¿∞n-°p∂p. Ah-\mWv c£m-[n-Imcn, Ah≥ F√m-Øn\pw

aXn-bm-b-h-\m-Wv. F√m Imcy-ßfpw Ia-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂h\pw Ah-

\m-Wv.

Cuam≥ Zp¿_-e-amIp∂-Xns‚

e£-W-ßƒ

Cuam-\ns‚ Zu¿_eyw F∂ tcmK-Øn\v [mcmfw e£-W-

ß-fp≠v:

1. ]m]-Øn¬ ]th-in-°p-I, ldm-am-b Imcy-ßƒ sNøp-I: Nne¿

]m]-ßƒ sNøp-Ibpw AXn¬ Dd®p \n¬°p-Ibpw sNøpw. Nne¿

[mcmfw ]m]-ßƒ sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-°pw. Hcmƒ [mcmfw ]m]-

ßƒ sNøptºmƒ AXv Abm-fn¬ ]Xn-hm-Ip-Ibpw Cu ]h¿Ø-

\-ßƒ shdp-°s∏- -hbm-sW∂ tXm∂¬ t]mepw ]n∂oSv D≠m-

hm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. Ime-I-a-Øn¬ ]I-S-amb coXn-bn¬

Xn∑ sNøp∂ Hc-h-ÿ-bn-te°v amdp-Ibpw ]hm-N-I-h-N-\-Øn¬

]d-b-s∏´ Bsft∏mse Bhp-Ibpw sNøpw:

""Fs‚ DΩ-Øn-ep≈ F√m-hcpw am∏p-\¬I-s∏-Sp∂h-cm-Wv,

]c-ky-ambn Xn∑ sNøp-∂-h-scm-gn®v. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v Hcp a\p-

jy≥ cmXn-bn¬ Hcp ]hrØn sNbvXp, ]`m-X-am-b-t∏mƒ A√mlp

Ahs‚ Xn∑ ad-®p-sh-®p. ]t£, B a\p-jy≥ Bfp-Isf hnfn®p

]d-™p: ""Rm≥ C∂se C∂-bn∂ ]hrØn-Iƒ sNbvXp.'' A√m-

lp cmXn apgp-h≥ ad®p sh®p. ]t£, A√mlp ad-®p-sh-®-Xns\

Abmƒ shfn-hm-°n.''(_pJmcn)

1


2. a\ v ISp-ØXpw ]cp-°-\p-am-sW∂v hnNm-cn-°p-I: Xs‚

a\ v I√v t]mse ISp-Øp-t]mbn F∂v Hcmƒ hnNm-cn-°pw.

A√mlp ]d™p:

""]n∂oSv AXn-\p tijhpw \nß-fpsS a\- p-Iƒ ISp-Øp-

t]mbn. Ah ]md-t]m-setbm AXn-t\-°mƒ ISp-ØtXm Bbn

`hn®p.''(2:74).

lrZbw ISp-Ø-t]mb a\p-jy\n¬ ac-W-sØ-°p-dn® D]-tZ-

itam, Zpcn-X-a-\p-`-hn-°p∂ P\-ßsf ImWp-∂tXm, ac-Wm-¥c®S-

ßp-Itfm, H∂pw Hcp Ne-\-hpap-≠m-°p-∂n-√. Cu hy‡n Nne-

t∏mƒ ac-W-s∏-´-bmsf J_-dn-te°v hln®psIm≠p-t]m-hp-Ibpw

AXn-te°v aÆn´v aqSp-Ibpw sNbvtX°mw. (]t£) J_-dp-I-fpsS

CS-bn-eqsS \S-°p-∂Xv shdpw I√p-I-fpsS CS-bn-eqsS \S-°p-∂Xp

t]mse amXta Abmƒ°v tXm∂p-I-bp-≈q.

3. Bcm-[-\-bn¬ `‡n-bn-√m-Xm-hpI: a\ v Ae™p Xncn-bp-

Ibpw \a-kvI-cn°p-tºmgpw Jp¿-B≥ ]mcm-bWw sNøp-tºm-

gpw GIm-KXbn√m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI. Xm≥ F¥mWv ]d-

bp-∂sX∂v Nn¥n-°p∂n-√. shdpsX ]d™p ioen® hmN-

Ißƒ Ae-k-ambn ]d-bp-∂p. Hmtcm kµ¿`-Ønepw ]d-tb-

≠-Xmb ]m¿Y-\-Iƒ, Ah-bpsS A¿Y-sa-¥msW-∂-dn-bmsX

]d™p sIm≠n-cn-°p∂p. \_n ]d-™p:

""Ai-≤-amb lrZ-b-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ ]m¿Y\ A√mlp kzoI-

cn-°pIbn√.''(Xp¿apZn:3479, kn¬kn-e-Øp- z-lol: 594).

4. Bcm-[-\m-Im-cy-ß-fnepw ]pWy-I¿a-ß-fnepw aSn- Im-Wn-°p-I:

Ae-k-ambpw Ae-£y-ambpw Bcm-[-\m-I¿a-ßƒ sNøp-I.

sNøp-∂-sX√mw bmsXmcphn[ ssNX-\yhpw C√mØ s]m≈-

bmb tNjvS-I-fm-bn-cn°pw. A√mlp I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isf°pdn®v

]d-™p:


""........Ah¿ \a-kvIm-c-Øn\v th≠n \n∂m¬ DZm-ko-\-cm-bn-

s°m-≠mWv \n¬°p-∂Xv.'' (\nkm-Av: 4:142).

Bcm-[-\-Iƒ \n¿h-ln-t°≠ hnin-jvS-amb ka-b-ßfpw kµ¿ -

ßfpw CØ-c-°m¿ Ah-K-Wn-°pw. ]Xn- ew Ic-ÿ-am-°W-sa∂

bmsXmcp ipjvIm-¥nbpw C√ F∂mWv CXv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

l÷v sNøm≥ Ign-hp-≠m-bn´pw l÷v sNøm-Xn-cn-°p-I, PnlmZv

sNtø≠ kµ¿`w D≠m-bn´pw AXn¬ \n∂pw hn´p \n¬°p-I,

Pam-AØv \a-kvImc-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I, PpapA \a-kvIm-

c-Øn\v t]mepw ]s¶-Sp-°m≥ ian-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I XpS-ßnbh

CXn¬s]Sp∂p.

\_n ]d™p:

""P\-ßƒ H∂m-asØ kz^v^n¬ \n∂pw ]n¥n-\n¬-°pw,

A√mlp Ahsc \c-Im-·n-bn-te°v ]n¥n°p∂Xv hsc.''(A_q-

Zm-hqZv: 679, kzlo-lpØ¿Ko_v : 519).

Pam-AØv \a-kvImcw \-jvS-s∏-SpØn Dd-ßn-bmtem, Hcp ][m-

\-s∏´ ZnIv¿ ad-∂p-t]m-bm-tem, CØcw a\p-jys‚ a\- n¬

bmsXmcp ]bmkhpw tXm∂p-I-bn-√. ]n∂oSv AXv hos≠Sp-°W-

sa∂ Nn¥- t]mepw D≠m-hp-I-bn√. amX-a√, a\-∏q¿∆w Hcp kp∂-

Ømb Imcytam ^¿Zv In^mb (Ipd®v t]¿ \n¿h-ln-®m¬ kaq-

l-Øns‚ _m[yX ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Bcpw sNbvXn-s√-

¶n¬ F√m-hcpw Ip‰-°m-cmhp-Ibpw sNøp∂ Imcyw) Bb Imcytam

Hgn-hm-°p∂ Ah-ÿbpw D≠m-hpw. Aß-s\ s]cp-∂mƒ \a-

kvIcmw, KlW \a-kvImcw, aønØv \a-kvImcw F∂n-h-sbm∂pw

\n¿h-ln-°p-I-bn-√. Abmƒ Hcn-°epw ]Xn- -e-sØ-°p-dn®v i≤n-

°p-I-bn-√. A√mlp ]d™ ]Im-c-ap≈ Bfp-IfpsS t\¿hn]-co-

X-am-W-Xv. A√mlp ]d-bp-∂p:

""... Xo¿®bmbpw Ah¿ (]hmNI≥am¿) DØaImcyßƒ°v

[rXnImWn°pIbpw, Bin®v sIm≠pw, t]Sn®psIm≠pw \tΩmSv

]m¿XvYn°pIbpw sNøp∂hcmbncp∂p. Ah¿ \tΩmSv Xmgva

ImWn°p∂hcpambncp∂p.''(21: 90).


Bcm-[-\m- I¿a-ß-fnse Ae-k-X-bpsS as‰mcp DZm-l-c-W-amWv

\n¿_-‘-\-a-kvIm-c-ßƒ°p apºpw tij-hp-ap≈ kp∂Øp \a-

kvIm-c-ßƒ, cmXn \a-kvImcw, ]≈n-bn-te°v t\csØ ]pd-s∏-

S¬, Zplm \a-kvImcw t]mse-bp≈ kp∂-Ømb Imcy-ßfnse

Ae-k-X. CkvXn-Jm-dØv \a-kvIm-c-Øntem Xu_bpsS c≠v

dIvAØv \a-kvIm-c-Øntem ipjvIm-¥n-bp-≠m-hp-I-bn-√ AØc-

°m¿°v.

5. CSp-ßnb Nn¥m-K-Xn, Nm©m-Sp∂ at\m-KXn, hnjmZw F∂n-

ßs\ a\p-jys\ Xf¿Øp∂ Imcy-ßƒ. Ahs\ \n mc

]iv\-ßƒ t]mepw s]s´∂v s]mdp-Xn-tISv ImWn-°p∂ Ah-

ÿ-bn-em--°pw. Abmƒ Xs‚ Np‰p-]m-Sp-ap≈-h-cp-ambn ]iv\-

ßƒ krjvSn-°pw, Abm-fn¬ H´pw kl-\-i-‡n-bp-≠m-hp-I-

bn-√. \_n Cuam-\ns\ kw_-‘n®v ]d™p:

""Cuam≥ £abpw hn´p-ho-gvNbpamWv.''(A¬ kn¬kn-e-Øp- z-

lol: 554; 2/86).

\_n hni-Zo-I-cn-®p:

""(hnizmkn) CW-°p-∂-h\pw CW-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h-\p-amWv. CW-

°p-Ibpw CW-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøm-Ø-h-\n¬ \∑-bn-√.'' (kn¬kn-

e-Øp- z-lol: 427).

6. Jp¿-B-\nse Bb-Øp-Iƒ kzm[o\w sNep-Øm-Xn-cn-°pI:

kz¿KsØ°pdn® hmKvZm-\-hpw \c-I-sØ-°p-dn® ap∂-dn-bn-∏p-

Ifpw I¬]-\-Ifpw \ntcm-[-\-ßfpw A¥y-\m-fn-s\-°p-dn® hni-

Zo-I-c-W-ßfpw A-S-ßnb kq‡-ßƒ tI´m¬t]mepw! Cuam-

\n¬ Zu¿_-ey-ap-≈-h≥ Jp¿-B≥ ]mcm-bWw sNøp-∂Xv

tI´m¬ apjn∏v tXm∂pw. XpS¿®-bmbn Jp¿-B≥ ]mcm-bWw

sNøm≥ Ah\v km[n-°p-I-bn-√. Ft∏mƒ apkvl v Xpd-∂mepw

s]s´∂v Xs∂ AXv AS®psh°pw.

7. ZnIv-dp-Iƒ sNm√ptºm-gpw ZpB sNøp-tºmgpw A√m-lp-hn-

s\-°p-dn®v Ai-≤-bnem-bn-cn-°pI: ZnI¿ ]bm-k-ap-≈-Xm-

bn- tXm∂pw. ]m¿Yn-°p-hm≥ Ccp-I-c-ßfpw Db¿Øn-bm¬

s]s´∂v Ah XmgvØn-bnSpw. I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-sf-°p-dn®v

A√mlp ]d-bp∂p:


""...Ipd®v amXsa Ah¿ A√m-lp-hns\ Hm¿an-°p-I-bp-≈q.''(4:142).

8. A√mlp \n›-bn® ]cn-[n-Iƒ ewLn-°s∏- m¬ H´pw tZjyw

tXm∂mXncn-°pI: ImcWw aX-\n-jvT-bpsS Xncn-\mfw Ahs‚

a\- n¬ AW™p t]mbn-cn-°p-∂p. AXn-\m¬ Xn∑ \n¿Ø-

em-°m≥ Ah≥ H∂pw sNøp-I-bn-√. Xn∑ sNøp-∂-h-sc XS-

bp-Itbm \∑ D]-tZ-in-°p-Itbm C√. Xn∑-Isf X≈n-∏-d-bp-

I-bp-an-√. A√m-lp-hn\v th≠n Ah≥ Hcn-°epw tZjy-s∏-Sp-I-

bn-√. Zp¿_-eX Iø-S-°nb lrZ-b-ßsf kw_-‘n®v \_nhni-Zo-I-cn®p:

""]mb Cg-I-fm¬ Np‰-s∏-´-Xp-t]mse lrZbw ]co-£-W-ß-

fm¬ hebw sNø-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pw (lrZbsØ ]q¿W-ambn

AXv kzm[o-\n°pw). Xn∑ _m[n-® a\- n¬ Hcp IdpØ ]p≈n

hogpw, Aßs\ AXv hym]n®v lrZbw apgp-h≥ IdpØ apZ-sh-°-

s∏´ Ah-ÿ-bn-seØpw. (as‰mcp lZo-Yn¬ \_n C]-Imcw

]d™p: Xn∑sIm≠v Ahs‚ lrZbw Idp∏pw shfp∏pw Ie¿∂

sXmgp-Øp-t]mse). Aßs\ (]n∂o-S-h≥) \∑sb AwKo-I-cn-°p-

Itbm Xn∑sb X≈n-∏-d-bp-Itbm C√˛ Ahs‚ BK-l-ß-tfmSv

tbmPn-°p-∂h A√msX.''(apkvenw:144).

\∑-tbmSv kvt\lhpw Xn∑-tbmSv hntZz-jhpw Ahs‚ a\-

n¬ \n∂pw A]-Xy-£-amIpw. F√m Imcy-ßfpw Ah\v Xpey-am-

bn-cn-°pw. \∑ I¬]n-°p-∂-Xn\pw Xn∑ hntcm-[n-°p-∂-Xn\pw

bmsXmcp hn[ t]c-Wbpw Ah-\n¬ D≠m-hp-I-bn-√. `qan-bn-ep≈

Nne Xn∑-I-sf-°p-dn®v tIƒ°p-Ibpw Ah AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw

sNbvtX-°pw˛Cu kml-N-cy-Øn¬ Hcp Xn∑ ImWp-Ibpw AXns\

]iw-kn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-hs‚ AtX `mcw Ah\pw hln-°pw.

ImcWw \_n ]d™p:


""`qan-bn¬ Xn∑ sNø-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Hcmƒ AXn\v km£n-bm-hp-

Ibpw, AXns\ shdp-°pIbpw sNbvXm¬ Abmƒ AXn-¬ \n∂pw

A]-Xy-£-\m-bhs\-t∏m-se-bm-Wv. Hcmƒ AXn\v km£n-bm-hm-

Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw ]t£, AXns\ icn-sh-°p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬ Ah≥

AXn\v km£yw hln-®-h-s\-t∏m-sebmWv.''(A_q-Zm-hqZv: 4345

kzlo-lp¬ Pman-Av 689). Cu icn-sh-°¬˛AXv a\- ns‚ ]h¿Ø-

\-am-Wv˛Ahs\ B Xn∑°v km£yw hln-®-h-\m-°n.

9. Io¿Ønbpw aln-abpw CjvS-s∏-Sp-I: CXn\v hnhn[ cq]-ß-

fp-≠v. AXn¬s]´-Xm-Wv t\Xr--tam-lw. \_n \ap°v ap∂-dn-

bn∏v \¬In,

]

]""\nßƒ t\Xr-Xz-Øn-\mbn D’mlw ImWn-°pw. ]t£, A¥y-

Zn-\-Øn¬ AXv \nßƒ°v tJZØn\n-Sbm-°pw. Imc-Ww- -Xp-S-°-

Øn¬ (t\XrXzw) Ffp-∏-ambn tXm∂p-sa-¶nepw ]n∂oSv AXv t¢i-

ambn amdpw.'' -(Xz-_vdm\n). [_pJm-cn-bpsS dnt∏m¿´n¬ CX-IqSn-

bp≠v: ""A£-cm¿Y-Øn¬ ape-bq-´¬ Ffp-∏-amWv; ]s£, ape-Ip-

Sn-am-‰¬ ]bm-k-amWv.'']

AXm-b-Xv, Bcw-`-Øn¬, t\XrXzw kºØpw A[n-Imchpw

B\-µhpw \¬Ipw. ]t£, tijw ÿm\-`-jvS-\m-°p-∂-Xnt\m

\in-∏n-°p-∂-Xnt\m CS-h-cp-Øp-Ibpw ]c-tem-IØv tNmZyw sNø-

s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøpw. \_n ]d™p:

""\nßƒ BK-ln-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬, F¥mWv t\XrXzw F∂v

Rm≥ ]d™p Xcmw. H∂m-a-Xmbn AXv A[n-t£-]-am-Wv, c≠m-

a-Xmbn AXv tJZ-am-Wv, aq∂m-a-Xmbn A¥y-Zn-\-Ønse in£-


bmWv˛ \oXn-am-\mb Hcp-h\v HgnsI.''(-Xz-_vdm\n, A¬ I_o¿ 18/

72; kzlolv˛A¬ Pman-Av 1420).

Hcmƒ Npa-X-e-Ifpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ßfpw \n¿h-ln-°m≥ k∂-

≤X ImWn-°p-Ibpw Bflm¿Y-ambpw \oXn-]q¿∆ambpw X∂m¬

Ign-bp-∂-Xns‚ G‰hpw D∂-X-amb coXn-bn¬ \n¿h-ln-°p-hm≥

apt∂m´p hcn-Ibpw sNbvXm¬, B ÿm\Øv Abm-sf-°mƒ

]m]vX\mb as‰m-cmƒ C√m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw BsW-¶n¬, (bqkp v

\_nsb t]mse) AXv BZ-c-Wo-bhpw A\p-K-lo-X-hp-amb

Imcy-am-sW∂v ]d-bm≥ Ign-bpw. ]s£, an°-hmdpw Xs∂-°mƒ

]m]vXnbp≈ as‰m-cmƒ Ds≠-¶nepw t\Xm-hm-Im-\p≈ AXn-bmb

BK-l-amWv ]e-scbpw t\Xr-cw-KtØ°v kzbw Cd-ßm≥ t]cn-

∏n-°p-∂-Xv. CXv bYm¿Y-Øn¬ t\Xr]mS-hhpw Imcy]m]vXn-bp-

ap≈hcpsS Ahkcw \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. amX-

a√, Xm≥ Bbn-cn-°Ww \n¿tZ-i-ßfpw hne-°p-Ifpw \¬Ip-∂Xv

F∂ tXm∂¬ Bbn-cn°pw t\Xr-Xztam-l-Øn-te°v Ahsc \bn-

°p-∂-Xv. Hcp kZ- n¬ \mb-I-ÿm-\Øncn°pI, N¿®-I-fpsS \nb-

¥Ww Xs‚ hcp-Xn-bn-em-°p-I, a‰p-≈-h-sc-s°m≠v Xs‚ hm°p-

Isf i≤n-∏n-°p-I, A[n-Imcw D≠m-hp-I XpS-ßn-hb C°q-´¿

CjvS-s∏Spw. Hcp kZ- ns‚ \mb-I-ÿm\sa∂Xv Ad-hp-im-e-bmWv.

""Cu Ad-hp-im-e-Isf \nßƒ kq£n-°pI.''(ss_lJn 2/

439˛ kzlo-lp¬˛Pm-an-Av 120).

Xm≥ Hcp apdn-bn-te°v IS-∂p-h-∂m¬ AhnsS Ccn-°p-∂-h¿

Fgp-t∂¬°m≥ CjvS-s∏-Sp-I F∂Xv tcmKm-Xp-Xc-amb a\ p≈-

hs‚ BZ-c-hn-t\m-Sp≈ t]a-Øns‚ AS-bm-f-am-Wv. \_n ]d™p:

""A√m-lp-hns‚ ASn-a-Iƒ X\n°v th≠n Fgp-t∂‰p \n¬°p-

∂Xv Bsc-¶nepw CjvS-s∏-´m¬, Ah≥ Ahs‚ hmk-ÿew \c-

I-Øn¬ Hcp-°n-s°m-≈s´.''(A¬ AZ_p¬ ap^vdZv 677, kn¬kn-

e-Øp- z-eol: 357).

CØcw Bfp-Iƒ°v (Nne) kp∂ØpIƒ ]n≥]-‰s∏Sp-∂Xv

ImWp-tºmƒ tZjyw tXm∂p-∂-Xm-Wv. DZm-l-c-W-Øn-\v, heXp

`mKØp \n∂pw XpS-ßpI(h√Xpw hnX-cWw sNøp-tºmƒ X∂n¬


\n∂pw XpS-ßm-Xn-cn-°pI), X\n°v Ccn-∏nSw e`n-°m-Xn-cn-°pI

(kZ- n-te°v IS-∂psN-∂m¬ as‰m-cmƒ Fgp-t∂‰v X\n°v Ccn-

∏nSw \¬ImXn-cn°p-I) XpS-ßn-bh Ah¿ CjvS-s∏-Sp-I-bn-√. \_nC]-Imcw ]d™Xv Ah¿ Imcy-am-°p-I-bn√:

""Hcmfpw as‰m-cmsf Fgp-t∂¬∏n®v B Ccn-∏n-S-Øn¬ Ccn-°-

cpXv.''(_pJm-cn, ^Xvlp¬ _mcn 11/62).

10. ]nip°v:-

A√mlp A≥kzm-cn-Isf ]iw-kn-®p-sIm≠v ]d™p:

""....Xßƒ°v ZmcnZyap≠mbm¬ t]mepw kztZlßsf°mƒ

a‰p≈h¿°v Ah¿ ]m[m\yw \¬IpIbpw sNøpw.''(liv¿ : 9).

]nip-°n¬ \n∂v c£-s∏-´h≥ hnP-bn-®p-sh∂pw Cuam-\ns‚

Zu¿_eyw ]nip-°n\v Imc-W-am-Ip-sa∂pw \_n hni-Zo-I-cn®p:

""Cuam\pw ]nip°pw Hcp kXy-hn-izm-kn-bpsS lrZ-b-Øn¬

H∂n®v \ne \n¬°p-I-bn√.''(\kmC, A¬apPvX-_˛6/13, kzlo-

lp¬ Pman-Av 2678).

]nip-°ns‚ Kpcp-X-c-amb ]Xym-Lm-X-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw AXns‚

coXn-sb°p-dn®pw Ahn-Sp∂v hni-Zo-I-cn-®p:

""\nßƒ ]nip-°ns\ kq£n-°p-I, \nßƒ°v apºp-≈-h¿ \in-

®Xv ]nip°v Imc-W-am-Wv. AXv Ahsc ep_v[-X°v t]cn-∏n®p.

Aßs\ Ah¿ ep_v[X ImWn-®p. AXv (ep_v[X) Ah-tcmSv

_‘-hn-t—-Z-\-Øn\v I¬]n-®p. Aßs\ Ah¿ AXv (_‘-ßƒ)

apdn-®p. AXv Ahsc A[¿aw sNøm≥ I¬]n-®p. A-ßs\ Ah¿

A[¿a-Im-cn-I-fmbn.'' (A_q-Zm-hqZv 2/324, kzlo-lp¬ Pman-Av 2678).

Zq¿_-e-amb Cuam-\p≈ Hcp-hs\ ]nip°v _m[n-®m¬ A√m-

lp-hns‚ am¿K-Øn¬ sNe-h-gn-°m≥ hf-sc-b-[nIw hnj-a-am-bn-cn-

°pw; Zmcn-Zy-Ønepw AXym-]-Ønepw s]´v apkvenw ktlm-Z-c-

ßƒ hfscb-[nIw klmbw A¿ln-°p∂ Ah-ÿ-bn¬ t]mepw.


Cu kz`m-h-sØ-°p-dn®v A√m-lp-hns‚ hN-\-sØ-°mƒ kv]jvS-

amb thsd hm°n-√. A√mlp ]d™p:

""tl; Iq´tc, A√mlphns‚ am¿KØn¬ \nßƒ sNehgn-

°p∂Xn\mWv \nßƒ Blzm\w sNøs∏Sp∂Xv. At∏mƒ \nß-

fn¬ Nne¿ ]nip°v ImWn°p∂p. h√h\pw ]nip°p ImWn°p∂

]£w Xt∂mSv Xs∂bmWv Ah≥ ]nip°v ImWn°p∂Xv. A√m-

lphmIs´ ]cmibapIvX\mIp∂p. \nßtfm ZcnZ≥amcpw. \nßƒ

]n¥ncn™p IfbpIbmsW¶n¬ \nßf√mØ Hcp P\Xsb A-

h≥ ]Icw sIm≠phcp∂XmWv. F∂n´v Ah¿ \nßsft∏m-

sebmbncn°pIbpan√.''(apl-ΩZv: 38).

11. ]h¿Øn-°mØ Imcy-ßƒ ]d-bp-I: -A-√mlp ]d™p:

""kXyhnizmknItf, \nßƒ sNømØsX¥n\v \nßƒ

]dbp∂p? \nßƒ sNømØXv \nßƒ ]dbpI F∂p≈Xv A√m-

lphn¶¬ henb tIm[Øn\v ImcWambn-cn°p-∂p.''(kz v v :2,3).

CXv Im]-SyamsW-∂-Xn¬ kwi-b-an-√. Hcm-fpsS hm°v Abm-

fpsS ]h¿Ø-\hpambn tbmPn--°p∂n-s√-¶n¬ Abmƒ A√m-lp-

hn-¶¬ Bt£-]n-°-s∏-´-h\pw P\-ß-fpsS ASp-°¬ shdp-°-s∏-´-

h\pw Bbn-cn-°pw. \∑ I¬]n-°p-Ibpw kzPo-hn-X-Øn¬ ]h¿Øn-

°m-Xn-cn°pIbpw Xn∑ hne-°p-Ibpw kzbw Xn∑ sNøp-Ibpw sN-

øp∂ HcmfpsS bmYm¿Yyw \c-I-hm-kn-Iƒ Is≠Øp-∂Xp-am-Wv.

12. apkvenw ktlm-Z-c-ßƒ°p-≠m-Ip∂ ]cm-P-b-Øn-epw \jvS-

Ønepw ]bm-k-Ønepw Ah¿°v A\p-K-l-ßƒ XS-b-s∏-

´mepw a‰p-≈-h¿°v \¬I-s∏´ A\p-K-l-ßƒ \jvS-s∏- mepw

Hs° B\-µn-°p-I.


13. Xn∑-Isf emL-h-tØmsS ImWp-I. h√ Im-cyhpw sNøm-\p-

t±-in-°p-tºmƒ F¥v \∑-bmWv sNøm≥ Ign-bpI F∂v At\z-

jn°p-∂-Xn\v ]Icw ""CXv \njn-≤-amb ]m]-amtWm AtXm

tIhew aIvdqlv amXamtWm?'' F∂mWv tNmZn-°p-I. CØcw

Nn¥-Iƒ kwibmkv]-Z-amb Imcy-ß-fn-te°pw aIvdq-lp-I-fn-

te°pw Ahsc \bn-°p-Ibpw ldm-ap-I-fn-¬ Ahsc AI-s∏-

Sp-Øp-I-bpw sNøpw. CØ-c-Øn¬ Nn¥n-°p∂ Hcp-hs\ aIvdq-

lmb I¿a-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw ldm-am-tWm F∂v hy‡-a-√mØ

kwi-b-ap≈ Imcy-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw XS-bp∂ bmsXm-∂p-ap-≠m-

In-√. Cu Imcyw \_n hy‡-am-°n-b-Xm-Wv. \_n ]d-

™p:

""Bsc-¶nepw kwi-bm-kv]-Z-amb Imcy-ß-fn¬ AI-s∏-´m¬

Ah≥ ldm-an¬ AI-s∏-Sm≥ km[y-X-bp-≠v. Hcp B´n-S-b≥, Xs‚

B´n≥]‰sØ X\n°v A\p-hm-Z-an-√mØ ÿe-Øn\v Np‰pw tabv-

°p∂ t]mse; ItaW Ah AXn-\p-≈n¬ ]th-in-°pw.'' (_pJm-

cn, apkvenw).

Nne Bfp-Iƒ Fs¥-¶nepw Imcy-sØ-°p-dn®v ^Xvh tNmZn-

°p-w. AXv ldm-am-sW∂v ]d-b-s∏-´m¬ Ah¿ tNmZn-°pw. ""AXv

(henb) ldm-am-tWm? FX-tØmfw sX‰mWv AXn-ep-≈Xv?''

CØcw Bfp-Iƒ°v Xn∑ h¿Pn-°p-∂-Xn¬ bmsXmcp Xm¬]-cy-

hpap≠m-In-√. ldm-ap-Iƒ sNøm≥ Ah¿ Xøm-dm-Wv, sNdnb Xn∑-

Isf Ah¿ hfsc emL-h-tØmsS ImWp-Ibpw sNøpw. CXns‚

]cnWXn ItaW ItaW ]m]-ßƒ sNøm\pw A√mlp \n›-

bn® ]cn-[n-Iƒ ewLn-°m\pw Ah\v tXm∂pw F∂-XmWv. \_n]d™p:

""A¥yZn\-Øn¬ shfpØv Xnlma ae-tbmfw ]pWy-I¿a-ß-

fp-ambn hcp∂ Bfp-Isf \n›-b-ambpw \ap°v ImWm≥ km[n-

°pw. F∂n´v Ahsb A√mlp NnX-dnb [qfn-Iƒ t]mse B°n-

Øo¿°pw''. Yu_m≥ ]d™p:""Hm ]hm-N-Itc, Rßƒ°v Ah-

sc-°p-dn®v hnh-cn®p X∂mepw. Aßs\ Rßƒ°v A°q-´-Øn¬

s]Sm-Xn-cn-°m-a-t√m.'' \_n ]d™p: ""Ah¿ \nß-fpsS ktlm-

Z-c-ß-fm-Wv. Ah¿ ImgvNbn¬ \nß-sf-t∏mse Xs∂-bm-Wv. \nß-

sf-t∏mse Ahcpw cmXn \a-kvI-cn-°p-∂-hcmWv, ]t£, A√m-

lp-hns‚ ]cn-[n-Iƒ ewLn-°m≥ Ah-kcw e`n-®m¬ Ah¿ AXv


sNøp-∂p.'' (C_v\pamP : 4245. A -hm-CZn¬ ]d™p: CXns‚

]c-ºc kzlolpw Bfp-Iƒ hniz-kvX-cp-am-Wv. kzlolpPm-an-

Av:5028). Aß-s\-bp≈ a\p-jy¿ bmsXmcp shdpt∏m Ipd-®ntem

IqSmsX ldmw ]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv ImWmw. Ad-t∏m-Sp-IqSn ldmw

sNøp-∂-h-s\-°mfpw Iptd°qSn hj-fmb Ah-ÿ-bmWv Cu a\p-

jy-t‚Xv. c≠v Iqćpw A]-I-S-Øn-em-Wv. ]t£, CXmWv henb

A]-ISw. Xn∑sb Ah¿ hfsc emL-h-tØmsS ImWp-w. Xm≥

Hcp Xn∑-bmWv sNøp-∂Xv F∂v Nn¥n-°p-I-bp-an-√. C_v\p-akvDu-

Zv Hcp hnizm-kn-bp-sSbpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-bp-sSbpw \ne-]m-Sn-s\-

°p-dn®v ]d™p:

""Hcp hnizmkn Xs‚ apI-fn-te°v adn™p hogp-sa∂v `b-s∏-

Sp∂ Hcp ]¿∆-XØns‚ Nph-ń¬ Ccn-°p-∂-h-s\-t∏m-se-bm-Wv

Xs‚ ]m]-ßsf ImWp-∂Xv. F∂m¬, Hcp Zp¿am¿Kn Xs‚ aq°n-

\-Sp-ØpIqsS ]d∂p t]mIp∂ Hcp Cu®-sb-t∏m-se-bmWv Abm-

fp-sS ]m]-ßsf ImWp-∂-Xv. Fs¥-¶n-ep-sams° ]d-™p-sIm≠v

Xs‚ ssI-sIm≠v AXns\ Ah≥ Xń am‰p∂p.''(_pJm-cn, Xvlp-

¬_mcn 11/102, XKveoJv A¬ XAveoJv 5/136, a‡-_¬ Ckveman).

14. \∑Isf \n m-c-h¬°-cn-°pI: sNdnb \∑-Iƒ sNøm≥

bmsXmcp Xm¬]-cyhpw D≠m-hp-I-bn-√. sNdnb \∑-I-sf-°p-

dn®v i≤-bp-≠m-h-W-sa∂v \_n \sΩ ]Tn-∏n-®p. Camw

AlvaZv, A_q Pco A¬ lpssP-an-bn¬ \n∂pw dnt∏m¿´v sN-

øp-∂p. At±lw ]d™p : Rm≥ \_nbpsS k∂n-[n-bn¬

h∂v tNmZn-®p: ""Hm ]hm-N-I-tc, Rßƒ `q\n-hm-kn-I-fmWv,

A\p-K-lo-X\pw al-Xz-ap -≈-h-\p-amb A√m-lp-hn -¶¬

Rßƒ°v ]tbm-P\w sNøp∂ Fs¥-¶nepw ]Tn-∏n®p Xcq.''

\_n ]d™p:

""Hcp \∑sbbpw \nßƒ \n mc-ambn ImW-cp-Xv. Xm≥ sh≈-

sa-Sp-°p∂ sXmń-bn¬ \n∂v as‰m-cm-fpsS ]mX-Ønte°v IpSn-


°m-\mbn sh≈w Hgn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂tXm ]k-∂-ap-J-tØm-Sp-IqSn

Xs‚ ktlm-Z-c-t\mSv kwkm-cn-°p-∂tXm t]mepw.''(apkv\Zv A“Zv

5/36, kn¬kne-Øp- -lolv 1352).

B¿s°-¶nepw sImSp-°m-\mbn InW-‰n¬ \n∂v sh≈w tImcn

]mX-Øn-te°v Hgn®v sImSp-°p-∂Xv Hcp \∑-bm-Wv. AXv \n m-

c-amb Hcp Imcy-am-sW-¶nepw AXns\ sNdp-Xmbn ImW-cpXv. CXp-

t]mse Xs∂-bmWv ktlm-Z-cs\ ]k-∂-`m-h-tØmsS A`n-ap-Jo-

I-cn-°p-∂-Xpw, ]≈n-bn¬ \n∂pw Agp-°pw amen-\yhpw \o°p-∂-

Xpw˛ AXv sNdnb XpcpºmsW-¶nepw icn. Cu Hcp I¿aw \nß-

fpsS ]m]-ßƒ s]mdp-°m≥ Imc-W-am-tb-°pw. A√mlp CØcw

\√ I¿a-ßsf hne-a-Xn-°p-Ibpw Ah-sb-s°m≠v ]m]-ßsf

ambv®p-I-f-bp-Ibpw sNøpw. \_n ]d™p:

""Hcmƒ tdmUn¬ InS-°p∂ Hcp ac-s°m-ºns‚ kao-]-Øp-

IqSn t]mbn. F∂n´v ]d-™p: "A√m-lp-hm-sW, apkvenwIƒ \S-

°p∂ ]mX-bn¬ \n∂v CXv Rm≥ FSp-Øp-am‰pw; Ah¿°v D]-Z-

h-ap-≠m-°m-Xncn-°m≥.' Aßs\ At±-lw kz¿K-Øn¬ ]th-in-

®p.''(apkvenw: 1914).

sNdnb ]pWy-ßsf \n m-c-ambn ImWp∂ a\p-jy-\n¬ Ft¥m

A]m-I-X-bp-≠v. ]hm-N-I≥ hni-Zo-I-cn® D∂-X-amb KpWsØ

\ncm-I-cn-°p∂ Cu kao-]-\-Øn-\p X°-Xm-b in£ e`n-°pw.

\_n ]d™p:

""apkvenwI-fpsS hgn-bn¬ \n∂v D]-Z-hsØ Hcmƒ \o°w

sNbvXm¬ Ah\v Hcp "lk-\Øv' (\∑) tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øpw. Bcn¬

\ns∂-¶nepw Hcp "lk-\Øv' kzoI-cn-°-s∏-´m¬, Ah≥ kz¿K-

Øn¬ ]th-in°pw.''(_pJmcn, AZ-_p¬ ap^vdZv 593, kn¬kn-e-

Øp- z-lol: 5/387).

15. apkvenwI-fpsS Imcy-sØ-°p-dn®v D¬IWvT C√m-Xn-cn-°p-

I: bmsXmcp hn[-Øn-epw˛ ]m¿Y-\I-fn-eqsStbm Zm\-[¿a-

ß-fn-eq-sStbm˛ (Ah-cp-ambn) kl-I-cn-°m-Xn-cn°pI. Aß-

s\-bp≈ a\p-jy\v temI-Øns‚ hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn-ep≈

apkvenw ktlm-Z-c-ßƒ A\p-`-hn-°p∂ ]oU-\-ßfnepw ASn-


®-a¿Ø-ep-I-fnepw hn]-Øp-I-fnepw Hs° XWpØ kao-]-\-

amWp-≠m-Ip-I. Ah≥ kz¥w kpc-£n-X-Xz-Øn¬ amXw k¥p-

jvSn-b-S-bp-I-bpw sNøpw. CXv Zp¿_-e-amb Cuam-\ns‚ ê-

am-Wv. ImcWw kXy-hn-izmkn CXns‚ hn]-coX Nn¥m-K-Xn-

°m-c-\m-Wv. \_n ]d™p:

""\n›-b-ambpw Hcp kXy-hn-izm-kn°v hnizm-kn-IfpsS CS-bnse

ÿm\w, ico-c-Øn¬ inc- n\p≈ ÿm\-am-Wv. Xe-bn-ep-≠mhp∂

thZ-\-tbmSv icocw Fß-s\-bmtWm ]Xn-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv, AXp-t]m-

se-bmWv a‰p hnizm-kn-Iƒ°p-≠m-hp∂ thZ-\-tbmSv Hcp kXy-hn-

izmkn kl-X-]n-t°-≠Xv.'' (apkv\Zv A“Zv 5/340, kn¬kneØp-

z-lol˛1137).

16. c≠v t]¿ XΩn-ep≈ kmtlm-Z-cy-_-‘sØ apdn-°p-I:

\_n ]d™p:

""c≠m-fp-Iƒ A√m-lp-hns‚ am¿K-Øn¬, As√-¶n¬ Ckvem-

an\p th≠n, kplr-Øp-°-fm-hn-√; Xß-fn¬ Hcmƒ sNbvX BZy-

sØ Xn∑-bn¬ Xs∂ ]c-kv]cw _‘w hnt—-Zn-°m-sX.'' (as‰m-

cp dnt∏m¿ń¬ ""BZysØ Xn∑-bn¬ Xs∂ _‘w hntO-Zn-°msX''

F∂m-Wp-≈Xv). (_pJm-cn, AZ-_p¬ ap^-dZv 401, AlvaZv A¬

apkv\Zv 2/68, kn¬kneØpkz-lol: 637). aX-]-c-amb kmtlm-

Zcy _‘-Øns‚ Nß-e-Iƒ XI¿°phm≥ amXw Kuc-h-ap≈

tamiw sNbvXnIfmWv ChnsS Dt±-in-°-s∏Sp-∂-Xv. ktlm-Z-c\v

X∂n¬ \n∂v tXm∂p∂ Cu AI¬® Xn∑ sNbvX-Xn-\mep≈

Xs‚ Cuam-\ns‚ Zu¿_-ey-Øns‚ ê-am-Wv F∂v sX‰v sNbvX-

bmƒ a\- n-em-°Ww. Xs‚ ASn-a-I-fpsS IÆn¬ Cu a\p-jys‚

A¥ v A√mlp \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw, Abmƒ bmsXmcp BZ-

chpw C√mØ Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏´ Ah-ÿ-bn-em-hp-Ibpw sNøpw.

hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Iq´m-bva-bn¬ \n∂pw A√m-lp-hns‚ kwc-£-W-

bn¬ \n∂pw ssIhn´p-t]mIpw-. Im-cWw, A√mlp hnizm-kn-I-sf-

bmWv kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xv.


17. Ckveman\v th≠n ]h¿Øn-°mt\m, aX-]-t_m-[\w \S-

Ømt\m bmsXmcp DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øhpw tXm∂m-Xn-cn-°p-I:

\_nbpsS kzlm-_-Øns‚ \ne-]mSn\vv ISIhncp≤am-Wn-

Xv. ImcWw Zo\n¬ ]th-in-®-t∏mƒ Xs∂ Cu DØ-c-hm-

ZnXzw Ah¿ \n¿hln-®n-cp∂p. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v Xp-ss^-ep-

_\p Awdv. At±lw apkvenam-hp-Ibpw t\sc Xs∂ P\-

ßsf Ckveman-te°v £Wn-°m≥ t]mhp-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXp

aptJ\ [mcmfw t]¿ Ckvemw Bt«-jn-®p. Zo≥ kzoI-cn®

DSs\Øs∂ Xm≥ t]mbn P\-ßsf Ckveman-te°v £Wn-

°-W-sa∂v At±lw a\- n-em-°p-Ibpw AXn-\mbn ]pd-s∏-Sp-

Ibpw sNbvXp. ]t£, C∂v [mcmfw BfpIƒ Ckveman-te°v

h∂-Xn\v tijw, al-Xz-ap-≈-h-\mb A√m-lp-hn-te°v P\-ßsf

£Wn-°p-∂Xn\mbn Zo¿L-Im-e-tØ°v ImØp \n¬°p-I-

bmWv.

\_nbpsS A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ°v, Ckveman-te°v h∂-Xns‚ e-

ambn kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-tfmSv FXn¿∏v tXm∂p-I-bpw Ahsc AwKo-

I-cn-°m≥ Iq´m-°msX hy‡-amb \ne-]mSv kzoI-cn-°pIbpw

sNbvXp. bam-a-bnse t\Xm-hmb Ypam-a-Xp_v\p DYm¬ XS-hp-Im-

c-\mbn ]≈n-bn¬ Ign-™-t∏mƒ \_n Xncp-ta-\n-bn¬ hniz-kn-

°p-Ibpw Ckvemans‚ shfn®w lrZ-b-Øn¬ ]th-in-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp. Dwd-°mbn ]pd-s∏´v a°-bn-seØnb At±lw Jpssd-in-

I-tfmSv Cßs\ ]Jym-]n-®p.

""\_nbpsS A\p-a-Xn-bn-√msX bam-a-bn¬ \n∂pw Hcp [m\y-

aWn t]mepw \nß-fn¬ FØp-I-bn√.''(_pJmcn, Xvvlp¬ _mcn

8/78). Im^n-dp-I-tfm-Sp≈ Cu kmº-ØnI D]-tcm-[ ]Jym-]-\hpw

X\n-°p≈ F√m hn`-h-ßfpw ZAvhØns‚ am¿K-Øn¬ sNe-h-gn-

°m-\p≈ hmKvZm-\hpw F√mw hfsc s]s´-∂m-bn-cp-∂p. ImcWw

ZrV-amb Cuam≥ At±lsØ I¿a-\n-c-X\m-°n.

18. B]-Øp-Itfm ]iv\-ßtfm hcp-tºmƒ t]Snbpw ]cn-`m-

¥nbpw D≠m-hp-I: Aß-s\-bp≈ a\pjys‚ Xmfw sX‰pw.

ZpcnXw _m[n-°p-tºmƒ F¥v sNø-W-sa-∂-dn-bmsX Ah≥

angn®v \n¬°p-∂Xpw ImWmw. `bw Ahs\ hebw sNøp-

Ibpw bmsXmcp ]cn-lm-c-am¿Khpw ImWm≥ Ign-bmsX Ah≥

hebpIbpw sNøpw. Dd® a\-t msS Abmƒ°v bmYm¿Yy-


sØ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°m≥ Ign-bn-√. Cuam\ns‚ Zp¿_-e-X-bmWv

CsX√mw D≠m-°p-∂-Xv. Abm-fpsS Cuam≥ Dd®Xmbn-cp-s∂-

¶n¬ GXv ISpØ ]Xn-k-‘n-sbbpw ]co-£-W-ß-sfbpw Icp-

tØm-sSbpw ss[cy-tØm-sSbpw t\cn-Sm≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p.

19. A\m-hiy X¿°hpw Ie-lhpw: \_nbpsS kzlo-lmb

lZo-Yn¬ C]-Imcw ImWmw.

""k∑m¿Kw e`n-®-Xn\v tijw Hcm-fpw hgn-]n-g-°p-I-bn-√, X¿°w

\S-Øn-bn-´-√msX.''(A“Zv, A¬ apkv\Zv 5/252, kzlo-lp¬ Pman-

Av: 5633).

sXfn-hns‚ ]n≥_-e-an-√msX AIm-c-W-ambn hmZn-°p-∂-h≥,

t\¿am¿K-Øn¬ \n∂pw _lp-Zqcw ]ng-®p-t]mIpw. ]Im-iw sNmcn-

bp∂ KŸ-Øns‚ (Jp¿-Bs‚)tbm hn⁄m-\-Øn-s‚tbm ASn-

ÿm-\-Øn-e-√mØ hy¿Y-amb hmKzm-Zßfn-emWv C∂v A[n-I-am-

fp-Ifpw G¿s∏- n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. CØcw hmKzm-Z-ßƒ Hgn-hm-°p-∂-Xn\v

th≠p-thmfap≈ ]tNm-Z\w \_n-h-N-\-ß-fn-ep≠v. \_n ]d™p:

""Xm≥ kXy-Øn-em-sW-¶nepw hmKzmZw ]msS Dt]-£n-°p-∂-

h\v kz¿K-Øn¬ Hcp hoSpsIm≠v Rm≥ Pmayw \n¬°p∂p.''(A_q-

Zm-hqZv 5/150, kzlolp¬Pm-anA 1464).

20. Cl-tem-I-tØm-Sp≈ Bk-‡nbpw t]ahpw: [\w, A[n-

Im-cw, B[n-]-Xyw, ]m¿∏n-Sw F∂n-ßs\ Zp≥bm-hns‚ hn`-h-

ßƒ \jvS-s∏-´m¬ Zp≥bm-hn-t\mSv Bk-‡n-bp-≈-h≥ thZ-

\n-°pw. a‰p-≈-h¿°v D≈Xv X\n°v e`n-°m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ Xm≥

Zu¿`m-Ky-hm-\m-sW∂v Ah≥ hnNm-cn-°pw. Xs‚ ktlm-Z-c-\v

X\n-°n-√m-Ø Fs¥-¶nepw `uXn-I-hn-`hw Ds≠-¶n¬ t¢iw

tXm∂p-Ibpw Abm-tfmSv Akqb sh®p ]pe¿Øn Abmƒ°v

e`n-® A\p-Klw \jvS-s∏-Sm≥ th≠n BK-ln-°p-Ibpw

sNøpw. CXv Cuam-\n\v hncp-≤-am-Wv. \_n ]d™p:

""Cuam\pw Akq-bbpw H∂n®v Hcp ASn-a-bpsS a\- n¬ \ne-

sIm-≈p-I-bn-√.''(A_q-Zm-hqZv 5/150, kzlo-lp¬ Pman-Av 1464).


21. Cuam-\nI kz`m-h-Øn\v XnI®pw hncp-≤-ambn tIh-e-bp-

‡nsb B[m-c-am°n Nn¥n-°p-Ibpw kwkm-cn-°p-Ibpw

sNøp-I. AØcw Bfp-I-fpsS hmN-I-ßƒ°v Jp¿-B-\ntem

kp∂-Øntem ke-^p-I-fpsS hmN-I-ß-fntem bmsXmcp

sXfnhpw D≠m-hp-I-bn-√.

22. hkvXw, `£-Ww, Xma-kw, hml-\w F∂n-ßs\ kz¥w

Imcyßƒ°v th≠n Atß-b-‰sØ i≤ ]pe¿Øp-I:

CØcw Bfp-I-ƒ euInI BVw-_-c-ß-tfmSv ITn-\-amb Xm¬-

]-cy-w -ImWn-°p-Ibpw G‰hpw ]pXn-b-Xn-s‚bpw anI-®-Xn-s‚bpw

]n∂mse t]mbn-s°m≠v ap¥nb C\w hkvXw, ]m¿∏n-Sw

F∂n-h-°mbn AXn-cp-I-hn™ \ne-bn¬ [\w sNe-h-gn-°p-

Ibpw sNøpw; apkvenw ktlm-Z-c-ßƒ°v [\-Øn\v Gsd

Bhiyw D≈-t∏mƒ Xs∂! \ntcm-[n-°-s∏´ B¿`m-SØn¬

Bgv∂p t]mIp∂Xphsc CXv XpS-cpw. apBZv_v\p P_-¬-hns\ ba-\n-te°v ]d-™-b-°p-tºmƒ \_n D]-tZ-in®p:

""B¿`m-SsØ kq£n-°p-I, A√m-lp-hns‚ ASn-a-Iƒ BVw-

_c PohnXw \bn-°p-I-bn-√.''(A_q-\psFw Xs‚ lp¬bbn¬

dnt∏m¿´v sNbvX-Xv, 5/155. kn¬kn-e-Øp-kz-lol: 353, kam-\-amb

lZoYv AlvaZv A¬ apkv\-Zn¬ dnt∏m¿´v sNøp-∂p, 5/243).

Cuam-≥ Zp¿_-e-am-Im-\p≈

Imc-W-ßƒ

Cuam≥ Zp¿_e-amIm≥ ]e Imc-W-ß-fp-ap-≠v. Nne-sXms°

AXns‚ e£-W-ßƒ hnh-cn-®-Xn¬ Dƒs∏-´n-´p-≠v; Xn∑ sNøp-I,

Zp≥bm-hns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ hym]r-X-\mhpI XpS-ßn-b-h. a‰p Nne

Imc-W-ßƒ IqSn Xmsg ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p.

1. Cuam-\n-I-amb A¥-co-£-Øn¬ \n∂pw Zo¿L-Im-e-tØ°v

AI∂v \n¬°¬: CXv Cuam-\ns\ Zp¿_-e-s∏-Sp-Øpw. A√m-

lp ]d-bp∂p:

""hnizmknIƒ°v AhcpsS lrZbßƒ A√mlphns\ ]‰n-

bp≈ kvacWbnte°pw, AhXcn®p In´nb kXyØnte°pw

IosgmXpßphm\pw Xßƒ°v apºv thZKŸw \¬Is∏´hsc-

t∏mse BImXncn°phm\pw kabambnt√? Aßs\ B thZ°m-

¿°v Imew Zo¿Ln®v t]mIpIbpw X≥aqew AhcpsS lrZbßƒ

ISpØpt]mIpIbpw sNbvXp. Ahcn¬ A[nIamfpIfpw Zp¿am¿Kn-

IfmIp∂p.''(57:16).

2


Zo¿L-Imew Cuam-\n-I-amb ]cn-X-ÿn-Xn-bn¬ \n∂pw amdn

sNe-h-gn-®m¬ lrZ-b-Øn¬ Cuam≥ £bn®p t]mhp-sa-∂m-Wv Cu

BbØv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v tPmen-tbm bmXtbm

t]mep≈ Imc-W-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´v apkvenw ktlm-Z-c-ß-fn¬

\n∂v Zo¿L-Im-e-tØ°v amdn \n∂m¬, Xs‚ a\- n\v i‡n ]I-

¿∂ Cuam-\nI A¥-co£w \jvS-s∏-Spw. lk-\p-¬ _kzcn

]d™p: ""\ΩpsS IpSpw-_-ß-sf-°mfpw ]nb-s∏-´-XmWv \ΩpsS

BZ¿iktlm-Z-c-ßƒ. ImcWw IpSpw-_-ßƒ Cu temI-sØ-°p-

dn®v Hm¿a-s∏-Sp-Øp-sa-¶n¬ BZ¿iktlm-Z-c-ßƒ ]c-tem-

IsØ°pdn®v Hm¿a-s∏-SpØpw''. Cu Akm-∂n[yw hfsc Ime-

tØ°v \o≠p \n∂m¬, a\- n¬ AI¬®bp≠m-hp-Ibpw Zo\o

A¥-co-£sØ ]p—n®v, Cuam-\nI ]` \jvS-s∏-SpØn a\ v A‘-

Im-c-Øm¬ ITn-\-amhpIbpw sNøpw. a‰p \mSp-I-fn-te°v bmX

t]mhp-Ibpw tPmen, hnZym-`ymkw F∂o Bh-iy-ßƒ°mbn amdn-

Øm-a-kn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂hcn-sems° CØcw a\wam‰w Z¿in-

°m≥ Ign-bp-∂-XmWv.

2. [¿a-t_m-[-ap≈ t\Xm-°-fpsS amXr-I-bn¬ \n∂pw amdn-

\n¬°-¬: \√ a\p-jy-\n¬ \n∂pw Hcmƒ hn⁄m\w t\Sn-

bm¬ D]-Im-c-]-Z-amb Adnhv kºm-Zn-°m\pw \√ ]h¿Ø-\-

ßƒ sNbvXp-sIm≠v Cuam-\ns\ ZrV-am-°m\pw Ignbpw. B

t\Xmhv hn⁄m-\hpw \√ \njvT-Ifpw KpW-ßfpw Abm-fn-

te°v ]I¿∂p \¬Ipw. B am¿KZ¿i-I-\n¬ \n∂pw A¬]-

Im-e-tØ°v \mw amdn \n∂m¬ lrZ-b-Øn¬ ImTn\yw A\p-

`-h-s∏Spw. C°m-c-W-ØmemWv \_nbpsS hntbm-K-Øn\v

tijw kzlm-_n-Iƒ ]d-™-Xv: ""Rß-fp-sS a\- n-te°v

t\m°p-tºmƒ Hcp AKm-[-amb am‰w \S-∂-Xp-t]mse tXm∂p-

∂p.'' Ah-cpsS Kpcphpw amXr-Ibpamb dkq¬ ac-W-s∏-´-

t∏mƒ Ah¿°v AI¬®bpw \jvShpw A\p-`-h-s∏-´p. Nne

]kn≤ hN-\-ß-fn¬ Ah-cpsS hnti-jWw C]-Imcw h∂n-

cn-°p-∂p: ""ag-bp≈ XWpØ cmXn-bn¬ Ign-bp∂ sNΩ-cn-bm-

Sp-I-sf-t∏mse.'' ]t£, \_n \nc-h[n t\Xm-°sf˛ t\Xr-

Xzw Gs‰-Sp-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ tbmKycpw ]Xn-`m-im-en-I-fp-am-


bhsc-˛-hn-t´®mWv t]mb-Xv. Ah¿ _m°n-bp-≈-h¿°v DØa

amXr-IIfmbn amdn. C∂v apkvenwIƒ°v CØcw DØa amXr-

I-I-fn-ep≈ t\Xm-°sf hfsc AXymh-iy-am-Wv.

3. lrZ-b-Øn\v Poh≥ \¬Ip-∂ hnizm-k-K-Ÿ-ßfpw ap≥Km-

an-I-fpsS -K-Ÿ-ß-fp-ambn kº¿°w ]pe¿ØmsX hn⁄m-

\w Ic-ÿ-am-°p-∂-Xn¬ \n∂pw hfsc AI∂p \n¬°¬:

a\- ns\ Cuam≥sIm≠v kzm[o-\n-°m\pw Bflo-b-amb

_esØ t]m’m-ln-∏n-°m\pw DX-Ip∂ \nc-h[n KŸ-ßƒ

D≠v. H∂m-a-Xmbn atlm-∂-X-\mb A√m-lp-hns‚ KŸhpw

(Jp¿-B-\pw) lZoYv KŸ-ßfpw ]n∂oSv ]fin-X-∑m-cpsS KŸ-

ßfpw. lrZ-bsØ im¥-am-°p-∂Xpw \ho-I-cn-°p-∂Xpw Bflm-

hns\ Nen-∏n-°p∂ coXn-bn¬ hnizm-ksØ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-

∂Xpamb \√ cN-\-Iƒ˛ C_v\p¬J-ønw, C_\pdP_v XpS-

ßn-b-h-cp-sSbpw a‰pw. CØcw KŸ-ßsf Ah-K-Wn-®p-sIm≠v

_p≤n-]-c-amb KŸ-ßfpw sXfn-hp-Iƒ D≤-cn-°mØ ^nJvlv

KŸ-ß-fpw hymI-c-W-K-Ÿ-ßfpw Nne Dkq¬ (\nZm\

imkvX) KŸ-ßfpw amXw hmbn-°pI F∂Xv a\- n\v

ImTn\yw D≠m°pw. ta¬ ]d™ KŸ-ßsf hna¿in-°p-I-b-

√, adn®v X^vkodp-I-fn¬ \n∂pw lZoYv KŸ-ß-fn¬ \n∂p-

sams° AI∂v \n¬°p-Itbm A¬]w amXw AXv hmbn-°p-

Itbm sNøp-∂-hsc H∂v Xm°oXv sNøpI amX-amWv Dt±-

iyw. ImcWw X^vko¿, lZoYv KŸ-ßƒ F∂nh a\p-jys\

A√m-lp-hn-te°v ASp-∏n-°p-∂-hbmWv. Hcmƒ kzlo-lp¬

_pJm-cnbpw kzlo-lp apkvenapw hmbn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬

\_nbpsSbpw klm-_-Øn-s‚bpw Ime-Øn-se A¥-co-£w

A\p- -hn-®-dnbpw. B ka-bØv \S∂ kw -h-ß-fn¬ \n∂v Cuam-

\ns‚ Cfw-Im‰v A\p-`-hn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.

lZo-Yns‚ Bfp-Iƒ F∂m¬ \_n bpsS Bfp-Iƒ BWv.

Ah¿ ]hm-N-I≥tbmsSm∏w kl-h-kn-®n-´n-s√-¶nepw Ah-cpsS

a\ pIƒ \_nbpsS hm°p-I-tfm-sSm∏w kl-h-kn-°p-∂p.

aX-K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw AI∂p\n¬°pIsb∂ Imcyw Ckvem-

ap-ambn bmsXmcp _‘-hp-an√mØ taJ-e-I-fn¬ ]T\w \S-Øp∂-

hsc icn°pw _m[n-°p-∂XmWv ^n-tem-k- n, a\x-imkvXw, kmaq-

ly imkvXw XpS-ßnb hn⁄m\ imJ-Iƒ DZm-l-c-Ww. IY-I-


fpw t\mh-ep-Ifpw Zn\-]-X-ß-fn-sebpw hmcn-I-I-fn-sebpw a‰pw kw -

h-I-Y-I-fpw Hs° hmbn-°m≥ CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cp-sSbpw Ahÿ

CXp Xs∂-bm-Wv.

4. Xn∑\nd™ ]cn-X-ÿn-Xn-I-fn¬ Pohn-°¬: ZpjvsN-bvXn-Isf

kw_-‘n®v hoºn-f-°p-∂-h¿, P\-]o-Xn-bm¿÷n® ]m´p-Iƒ

aqfn \S-°p-∂-h¿, ]pI-h-en-°p-∂-h¿, ssewKn-Im-kzm-Zy-I-c-amb

]pkvX-I-ßƒ hmbn-°p-∂-h¿, ssZh-\n-µbpw im]-hm-°p-Ifpw

]d-bp-∂-h¿, Aßs\ Xn∑-Iƒ \nd™ A¥-co£w. Hcmƒ

as‰m-cm-tfmSv ]d-™Xv ]d-bp-I, skmd ]d-™n-cn-°p-I, A]-

hm-Zhpw Gj-Wnbpw ]d-bp-I, G‰hpw ]pXnb a’-c-ß-sf-°p-

dn-s®ms° N¿®-I-fn¬ G¿s∏-SpI Aßs\ \o≠p-t]m-Ip-∂p

(A\m-h-iy-ßfpw Xn∑-Ifpw).

Nne kml-N-cy-ßƒ˛ tPmen-ÿm-]-\-ßƒ, kZ- p-Iƒ t]mse-

bp-≈h˛ Cu Zp≥-bm-hn-s\-°p-dn®v amXta Hm¿an-∏n-°p-I-bp-≈p.

`qcn -]-£w kwkm-c-ß-fnepw _nkn-\- v, tPmen, kºØv,

\nt£]w, tPmen kw_-‘-amb ]iv\-ßƒ, Db¿®-Iƒ, ÿm\-

°-b-‰-ßƒ, I¿Ø-hy-ßƒ F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn-s®m-s°-bmWv N¿®

sNøp-I.

apkvenwIsf \mWn-∏n-°p-∂Xpw hfscb[nIw apdn-th¬∏n-°p-

∂-Xp-amb [mcmfw Ipg-∏-ßfpw Zp¿\-S-∏p-I-fp-amWv C∂v hoSp-Ifn¬

\S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. hrØn-sI´ ]m´p-Iƒ, \oNhpw B`m-k-

I-c-hp-amb kn\n-a-Iƒ, ]c-]p-cp-j-∑m-cp-ambn \ntcm-[n-°-s∏´ CS-

I-e-cep-Iƒ, Aßs\ [mcmfw kwK-Xn-Iƒ C∂v apkvenw hoSp-I-

fn¬ ImWm≥ Ign-bpw. CØcw kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ a\- p-Iƒ Idp-

Øn-cp≠p t]mIpsa∂-Xn¬ kwi-b-an-√.

5. Nn¥ Zp≥-bm-hn-s\-°p-dn®v amX-am--I¬. lrZbw AXn\v ASn-

a-s∏-´p-t]m-Ipw. \_n]d™p:

""Zo\m-dn-s‚bpw Zo¿l-an-s‚bpw ASna \in-®n-cn-°p∂p.''

(_pJmcn: 2730).


""Cu temIØv \nß-fn¬ GsXmcmƒ°pw Hcp bmX-°m-c\v

th≠ ]mtYbw amXw aXn.''(Xz_vdm\n: 4/78, kzlo-lp¬ Pman-

Av 2384). AXm-bXv Xs‚ e£y-Øn-se-Øp-∂Xn\v bmX-bn¬

Bh-iy-amb hfsc Ipd-®p km[-\-ßƒ.

euInI Pohn-X-Øns‚ AXn-]-kcw C∂v hfsc ]Xy-£-am-

Wv. ùXn-I-amb AXym¿Ønbpw I®-h-S-h-kvXp-°ƒ hmßn°q-´p-

∂-Xn\p≈ Bk-‡nbpw h¿[n®p hcn-I-bm-Wv. I®-h-S-Øn-s‚bpw

D¬]m-Z-\-Øn-s‚bpw Hml-cn-bpsS-bp-sams° ]n∂mse a\p-jy≥

HmSn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. \_n ]d™p:

""al-Xz-k-ºq¿W-\pw ]Xm-]n-bp-amb A√mlp ]d-bp∂p: \mw

kºØv Cd-°n-bXv \a-kvImcw \ne-\n¿Øm\pw kImØv sImSp-

°m-\p-amWv. ]t£, BZ-ans‚ k¥-Xn°v Hcp Xmgvhc Inń-bm¬

Ah≥ c≠m-a-tØ-Xn\v BK-ln-°pw. Ah\v c≠v Xmgvhc Inń-

bm¬ aq∂m-a-tØ-Xn\v BK-ln-°pw. aÆv amXsa Ahs‚ hbdv

\nd-°p-I-bp-≈q. ]n∂oS,v ]›m-Ø-]n-°p-∂-hs‚ ]›m-Øm]w

A√mlp kzoI-cn°pw.''(AlvaZv 5/219; kzlo-lp¬ Pman-Av:1781).

6. IpSpw-_-tØmSpw k¥m-\-ß-tfmSpw kº-Øn-t\mSpw a‰pap≈

Bk‡n. A√mlp ]d™p:

""\nßfpsS kzØp°fpw \nßfpsS k¥m\ßfpw Hcp ]co£-

WamsW∂v \nßƒ a\ nem°pIbpw sNøpI.''(8:28).


""`mcyam¿, ]pX≥am¿, Iqºmcambn°q´nb kz¿Ww, sh≈n,

taØcw IpXncIƒ, \m¬Imen h¿Kßƒ, IrjnbnSw F∂nßs\

CjvSs]´ hkvXp°tfmSp≈ t]aw a\pjy¿°v Ae¶mcambn

tXm∂n°s∏´ncn°p∂p. AsXms° CltemIPohnXØnse

hn`hßfmIp∂p. A√mlphns‚ ASp°emIp∂p ( a\pjy¿°v )

sN∂ptNcm\p≈ DØa kt¶Xw.''(3:14).

Cu Bb-Øp-I-fpsS hnh-£ Hcmƒ A√m-lp-hn\pw \_n°pw

sImSp-°∂pXn-t\-°mƒ ap≥K-W\ a°-tfmSpw kvXoI-tfm-Spap≈

kvt\l-Øn\mWv \¬Ip-∂-sX-¶n¬ AXv hfsc tami-s∏´ kwK-

Xn-bm-Wv F∂sX. F∂m¬ Cu kvt\lhpw ]Xn-]-Øn-bp-sams°

ico-A-Øns‚ ]cn-[n-°p-≈n-em-sW-¶n¬ AXv A√m-lp-hn\v hnt[-

b-\m-Im\pw Ahs\ kvXpXn-°m\pw t]cn-∏n-°pw. \_n ]d™p:

""Cu Zp≥-bm-hn¬ kvXoIfpw kpK-‘hpw F\n°v ]nb-s∏-´-

Xm-Wv. F∂m¬ F√m-Øn-s\-°mfpw F\n°v ]nb-s∏- Xv \a-kvIm-

c-amWv.'' (A“Zv: 3/128; kzlo-lp¬ Pman-Av: 3124).

[mcmfw Bfp-Iƒ `mcy-amsc ]n¥p-S¿∂v ]e ldm-amb ]h¿-

Ø-\-ßfnepw G¿s∏-Sp-Ibpw A√m-lp-hn-\p≈ Bcm-[-\-I-fn¬

\n∂v Xß-fpsS a°-fpsS a\- ns\ AI‰n \n¿Øp-Ibpw sNøpw.

\_n]d-™p:

""k¥m-\-ßƒ ZpxJ-Øn\pw ocp-Xz-Øn\pw A⁄-X°pw ]nip-

°n-\p-sams° ImcWamWv.''(Xz_vdm\n 24/241, kzlo-lp¬ Pman-

Av: 1990).

]nip°v sIm≠p≈ hnh-£ CXmWv˛ Hcp a\p-jy≥ A√m-lp-

hns‚ am¿K-Øn¬ sNe-h-gn-°m≥ th≠n Dt±-in®p, At∏mƒ

]nimNv Ahs‚ a°-sf-°p-dn®v Ahs\ Hm¿an-∏n-®p. Aßs\

Ah≥ Nn¥n-°pw: "Fs‚ a°ƒ Bh-iy-ap-≈-h-cm-Wv, AXn-\m¬

Fs‚ a°ƒ°v th≠n AXv \o°n-sh°mw.' Aßs\ A√m-lp-

hns‚ am¿K-Øn¬ sNe-h-gn-°p-∂-Xn¬ \n∂pw At±lw ]nip°v

ImWn®p.


a°ƒ òcp-Xz-Øn\v Imc-W-amWv F∂-Xns‚ hnh-£˛ Hcp

a\p-jy≥ A√m-lp-hns‚ am¿K-Øn¬ Pnlm-Zn-te¿s∏´v bp≤w

sNøm≥ Dt±-in-®m¬ ]nimNv h∂n´v ]d-bpw: ""\o sIm√-s∏-´m¬

\ns‚ a°ƒ Bcp-an-√mØ A\m-Y-cm-bn-Øocpw.'' Aßs\ At±lw

Pnlm-Zn\v ]pd-s∏-SmsX hoń¬ Xs∂ Ign-bpw.

a°ƒ A⁄-X°v Imc-W-am-Wv F∂p ]d-™-Xns‚ A¿∞w

˛ hn⁄m-\-k-ºm-Z-\-Øn-\mbn C¬ans‚ kZ- p-I-fn¬ t]mIp-∂-

Xn¬ \n∂pw, ]pkvX-I-ßƒ hmbn-°p-∂-Xn¬ \n∂pw a°ƒ Ah-

cpsS i≤sb sX‰n®p Ifbpw.

a°ƒ ZpxJ-Øn\v Imc-W-amWv F∂-Xp-sIm-≠p-t±in°p-∂Xv

a°ƒ°v tcmKw _m[n-®m¬ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ ZpxJn°pw F∂mWv.

]nXm-hn-s\-s°m≠v \n¿h-ln-®p-sIm-Sp-°m≥ Ign-bmØ Fs¥-

¶nepw a°ƒ Bh-iy-s∏-´m¬ AXv ]nXm-hn\v ZpxJ-ap-≠m-°pw.

a°ƒ hf¿∂p hep-Xmbn, ]nXm-hns\Xn-cm-bm¬ ZpxJ-Øn-\pw ]bm-

k-Øn\pw Imc-W-am-Ipw.

Cu Imcy-ßƒ ChnsS kqNn-∏n-®-Xv hnhm-lhpw Ipń-Ifpsa√mw

Hgn-hm-°m-\√; adn®v ldm-an-te°v \bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xn¬ \n∂pw,

IpSpw_w a°ƒ F∂ Nn¥ amXw D≠mhp-I F∂-Xn¬ \n∂pw,

kq£vaX ]pe¿ØWw F∂v DW¿Øm-\m-Wv.

kº-Øm-Ip∂ ]co-£-W-sØ-°p-dn®v \_n]d™p:

""F√m P\-X°pw AXns‚ ^nXv\(]co-£Ww) D≠v. Fs‚

DΩ-Øns‚ ^nXv\ kº-ØmWv''(Xn¿apZn 2336, kzlo-lp¬ Pman-

Av: 2148).

Bń¬ ]‰-sØ BI-an-°p∂ sN∂m-b-sb-°mƒ A]-I-S-Ic-

amWv [\-k-ºm-Z\sa∂ tamlw Hcp a\p-jys‚ Zo\n¬ D≠m-

°p∂ hn]-Øv. Cu kwKXnbmWv \_n]d-™-Xv:


""\√ hni-∏p≈ c≠v sN∂m-bv°ƒ Hcp B´n≥]‰sØ BI-

an-®m-ep-≠m-hp∂ B]-Øn-t\-°mƒ FXtbm hep-XmWv [\-

tØmSp≈ B¿Øn a\p-jys‚ Zo\n-ep-≠m-°p∂ hn]Øv'' (Xp¿apZn:

2376, kzlo-lp¬ Pman-Av: 5620).

Cu ImcWw sIm≠mWv A[nIw BK-ln-°msX AXym-h-

iy-Øn\v amXw kºm-Zn-°m≥ apkvenwI-sf \_n t]m’m-ln-

∏n-®-Xv. AXn-tamlw A√m-lp-hns‚ kvac-W-bn¬ \n∂pw a\p-jys\

AI-‰pw. \_n ]d™p:

""\nßƒ°v kº-Øn¬ BsI th≠Xv Hcp the-°m-c\pw

A√m-lp-hns‚ am¿K-Øn¬ k©-cn-°m≥ Hcp hml-\-hp-amW.v''

(AlvaZv 5/290, kzlo-lp¬ PmanAv 2386). Zm\-[¿a-ß-fn¬ apgp-

ImsX [\w kºm-Zn-®p-Iq-´-W-sa∂v BK-ln-°p-∂-h¿°v \_nap∂-dn-bn∏v \¬Ip-∂p:

""[\w kºm-Zn-®p-Iq- p-∂-h¿°v \miw, Xs‚ heØpw CSØpw

ap≥]nepw ]n∂nepw D≈-h-tcmSv Xs‚ [\-sØ°pdn®v CXm

ChnsS, Chn-sS, ChnsS F∂v ]d-bp-∂-h-scm-gn-sI.''(C_v\pamP

4129, kzlo-lp¬ Pman-Av: 7137). IqSp-X-embn Zm\-[¿a-Øn-te¿s∏-

Sp-∂hscmgnsI F∂¿Yw.

7. Zo¿L-Im-e Pohn-X-Øn\v BK-ln-°¬:

A√mlp ]d-bp∂p:

""\o Ahsc hnt´°pI. Ah¿ Xn∂pIbpw kpJn°pIbpw

hymtamlØn¬ hym]rXcmIpIbpw sNbvXp sIm≈s´. (]n∂oSv)

Ah¿ a\ nem°ns°m≈pw.''(15:3).

Aen ]d-™p: ""Rm≥ \nß-fn¬ `b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv \nß-fpsS

C—-Isf ]n≥]-‰epw Zo¿L-Im-e-Po-hn-X-Øn\p th≠n BK-ln-°-

ep-am-Wv. ImcWw C—-Isf ]n≥]-‰n-bm¬ a\p-jy≥ kXysØ Ah-


K-Wn-°pw, Zo¿Lm-bp v BK-ln-°p-∂-h≥ ]c-temIw ad°pw.''

(^Xvlp¬ _mcn 11/236). as‰mcp dnt∏m¿ń¬ ]d-bp∂p: ""\mep

Imcy-ßƒ \mi-Øn\v Imc-W-amWv: hc≠ IÆp-Iƒ(Hcn-°epw

Ic-bm-Øh), ITn\ lrZbw, Zo¿Lm-bp- n-\p-th≠nbp≈ BKlw,

Zp≥bm-hn-t\m-Sp≈ h¿[n® Bi.'' Bcm-[-\-I-fn¬ Ae-k-X, \∑-

Iƒ \oń-sh-°¬ (]n∂oSv sNømw F∂p≈ Nn¥), ùXn-I-Im-cy-

ß-tfmSp≈ Bk‡n, ]c-tem-IsØ Ku\n-°mXncn-°¬, lrZ-b-

Øns‚ ImTn\yw F∂nh Zo¿Lm-bp- nt\mSp≈ BKlw P\n-∏n-

°p∂ Imcy-ß-fm-Wv. ImcWw im¥-amb lrZ-bhpw hnip-≤-amb

ho£-Wßfpw Ic-ÿ-am-°-W-sa-¶n¬ ac-W-sØbpw J_-dn-s\bpw

c£m-in-£-I-sfbpw A¥y-\m-fn-s\bpw Ip-dn-®p≈ Nn¥-I-ƒ kZm

D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. A√mlp ]d-bp∂p:

"".....Aßs\ Ah¿°v Imew Zo¿Ln®v t]mIp-Ibpw X∑qew

Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-ßƒ ISp-Øp-t]m-hpIbpw sNbvXp...'' (57:16)

Zo¿Lm-bp v BK-ln-°mØ Hcmƒ°v A¬]w thh-em-Xn-Iƒ

amXsa D≠m-hp-I-bp-≈q. Ahs‚ lrZbw ]Im-i-]q¿W-am-bn-

cn°pw. ImcWw Abm-fpsS a\- n-¬ ac-W-sØ-°p-dn® Nn¥bpw

A√m-lp-hn\v Iogvs∏-Sm-\p≈ DZy-ahpw D≠mhpw.''

8. Cuam-\ns‚ Zu¿_ey-Øns‚bpw lrZ-b- ImTn\yØn-s‚bpw

a‰p Imc-W-ßƒ: Aan-X-ambn `£n-°p-I, [mcmfw Dd-ßpI,

Zo¿L-ambn cmXn sshIn-°pI(DW¿∂n-cn-°pI), IqSp-Xembn

kwkm-cn-°p-I, P\-ß-fp-ambn IqSp-X¬ CS-I-e-cp-I. Aan-X-`-

£Ww Nn¥sb timjn-∏n-°p-Ibpw ico-c-`mcw Iq´p-Ibpw

sNøpw. A√m-lp-hns\ Bcm-[n-°p-∂-Xn¬ \n∂pw a\p-jys\

XS™p \n¿Øp-Ibpw ]nim-Nn\v Ahs\ hgn-sX-‰n-°m≥ Ffp-

∏-am-hp-Ibpw sNøpw. [mcmfambn kwkm-cn-°pIsb-∂Xv lrZ-

bsØ ]cp-j-am-°pw. GI-\mbn Xs‚ Imcy-sØ-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-

°p-∂-Xn¬ \n∂pw P\-ß-fp-ambn IqSp-X-embp≈ CS-I-e-c¬


Ahs\ XS-™p \n¿Øp-∂-Xm-Wv. IqSp-X-embn Nncn-°p-∂Xv

lrZ-bsØ Poh-\n-√m-Xm-°pw. \_n ]d™p:

""\nßƒ Nncn A[n-I-cn-∏n-°-cp-Xv, ImcWw AXv lrZ-bsØ

ac-hn-∏n°pw.''(C_v\pamP: 4193, kzlo-lp¬ Pman-Av). A√m-lp-

hns\ Bcm-[n-°p-∂-Xn¬ kabw sNe-h-gn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xv Jp¿-

B-\nI imk-\-Ifpw Cuam-\nI D]-tZ-i-ß-fpw D]-I-cn-°mØ cq]-

Øn¬ lrZ-bsØ ITn-\-am-°pw.

Cuam-\ns‚ Zu¿_-ey-Øn\v C\nbpw [mcmfw Imc-W-ß-fp-

≠v. AsX√mw ]Xn-]m-Zn-°pI Akm-[y-amWv. F¶nepw ta¬ hnh-

cn® kwK-Xn-Iƒ Xs∂ a‰p Imc-W-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw hmb-\-°m-c\n¬

Hcp [mcW D≠m°pw. hnth-In-bmb Hcp a\p-jy\v ss\k¿-KnI-

ambn Xs∂ Cu Imcy-ßƒ a\- n-em-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. \ΩpsS lrZ-

b-ßsf ip≤o-I-cn-°m\pw \ΩpsS Xs∂ Xn∑-I-fn¬ \n∂pw \sΩ

kwc-£n-°m\pw A√m-lp-hn-t\mSv klmbw tXSp-∂p.

Cuam\ns‚ Zp¿_-e-X-°p≈

NnIn’

A¬lm°nw apkvXZvd-Inepw, Xz_vdm\n apAvPanepw dnt∏m¿ v

sNøp∂p: \_n ]d-™p:

""hkvXw \pcp-ºn-t∏m-Ip-∂Xv t]mse \nß-fpsS lrZ-b-Ønse

Cuam\pw \pcp-ºn-t∏mIpw. lrZ-b-Ønse Cuam-\ns\ \ho-I-cn-

°m≥ A√m-lp-hn-t\mSv ]m¿Yn-°pI.''(lmIn-ans‚ apkvXZvdIv 1/

4, kn¬kn-e-Øp- z-lol: 1585, A¬ssl-Ø-an-bpsS aPva-Av A¬

khm-CZv 1/52, lk-\mb k\-tZmsS Xz_vdm-\n-bpsS A¬I-_o¿).

hkvXw ]g-b-Xm-hp-∂-Xp-t]mse Xs∂-bmWv lrZ-b-Ønse

Cuam\pw. Hcp hnizm-kn-bpsS lrZbw Nne-t∏mƒ Xn∑-Iƒ sIm≠v

IdpØp t]mtb-°mw. \_nbpsS kzlo-lmb lZo-Yn¬ \n∂pw

CXv Kln-°mw:

""sXfn™ Nµs\ taLw ad-bv°p-∂-Xp-t]mse taLw sIm≠v

ad-°-s∏-SmØXmb Hcp lrZ-b-hp-an-√. ]Imiw ]c-Øp∂ Nµs\

s]s´∂v taLw adbv°pIbpw Ccp´v ]c-Øp-Ibpw sNøpw. ]n∂o-

Sv(taLw) amdn-bm¬ ho≠pw ]Im-in-°m≥ XpSßpw''(A_q-\psFw,

A¬ln¬b, 2/196, kn¬kn-e-Øp-kz-lolx: 2268).

3


Nne-t∏mƒ Nµ-s\ taLw ad-®p-I-fbpw. A¬]-k-a-Øn\v

tijw B \nem-sh-fn®w XncnsI hcpw. CXp-t]mse Hcp hnizm-

kn-bpsS lrZbw Xn∑-bpsS taLw sIm≠v Nne-t∏mƒ aqS-s∏Spw.

At∏mƒ AXns‚ ]Imiw ad-bv°-s∏Spw, Aßs\ B a\p-jy≥

kzbw Ccp-´n¬ s]´-Xmbn ImW-s∏-Spw. ]n∂oSv Cuam-\ns\ h¿[n-

∏n-°m≥ ]cn-i-an-®p-sIm≠v A√m-lp-hn-t\mSv klmbw tXSp-tºmƒ

B taLw \oßp-Ibpw ap≥s]-∂-t]mse lrZbw ]Im-inXamhp-

Ibpw sNøpw.

Cuam-\ns‚ Zp¿_-e-Xsb NnIn-’n-°p-tºmƒ AXym-h-iy-ambn

Adn-™n-cn-t°≠ kwK-Xn-I-fn¬ H∂mWv Cuam≥ IqSp-Ibpw Ipd-

bp-Ibpw sNøp-sa-∂-Xv. Alvep p-∂x- h¬ Pam-A-xbpsS AJoZ

]Imcw Cuam≥sIm-≠p≈ hnh£, lrZbw sIm≠v kXy-s∏-Sp-

Øp-∂Xpw hm°p-Iƒ sIm≠v ]d-bp-∂Xpw Ah-b-h-ßƒsIm≠v

]h¿Øn°p-∂-Xp-am-Wv. A\p-k-cWw Cuam-≥ h¿[n-∏n-°p-Ibpw

A\p-k-c-W-t°Sv Cuam≥ Ipd-°p-I-bpw sNøp-∂-Xm-Wv. ]cn-ip≤

Jp¿-B-\n-epw kp∂-Ønepw CXn\v [mcmfw sXfnhpIƒ ImWmw.

A√mlp ]d-bp-∂p:

""... Ah-cpsS hnizm-k-tØm-sSm∏w IqSp-X¬ hnizmkw D≠m-

bn-cn-°p-∂Xn\v th≠n...''(^Xvlv: 4).

""...\nß-fn¬ B¿°mWv CXv hnizmkw h¿[n-∏n-°p-∂Xv''

(Xu_ : 124).

\_n ]d-™p:

""\nß-fn¬ Bsc-¶nepw Hcp Xn∑ I≠m¬ Ahs‚ ssIsIm≠v

AXv XS-b-s´, AXn\v Ign-™n-s√-¶n¬ \mhv sIm≠v, AXn\p

Ign-™n-s√-¶n¬ lrZbw sIm≠v(shdp-ØpsIm≠v). CXv G‰hpw

Zp¿_-e-amb Cuam\mW.v''(_pJmcn, ^Xvlp¬_mcn: 1/51).

A\p-`hw sIm≠pw \nco-£-Ww sIm≠pw Adn-b-s∏´ Imcy-

am-Wv [¿a-Øn-s‚bpw A[¿a-Øn-s‚bpw ^e-ambn bYm-Iaw


Cuam≥ IqSp-Ibpw Ipd-bp-Ibpw sNøp-sa-∂-Xv. Aßm-Sn-bn-eqsS

\S-°p∂ Hcp a\p-jy≥ AWn-s™m-cp-ßnb A¿≤-\-K-\-I-fmb

kvXoIsf ImWp-tºmgpw A\m-h-iy-hm-°p-Ifpw H®-∏m-Sp-Ifpw

tIƒ°p-tºmgpw D≠m-hp∂ A¥-co-£-hpw J_¿ kµ¿in-°p-Ibpw

AhnsS \n∂v Nn¥n-®p-sIm≠v lrZ-bsØ im¥-am-°p-Ibpw sN-

øp∂ A¥-co-£hpw XΩn-ep≈ hyXymkw \ap°v Z¿in-°m≥

Ign-bpw. FX s]s´-∂mWv lrZbw amdp-∂-Xv!

CXv IqSp-X¬ a\- n-em-Im≥ ke-^p-I-fn¬s]´ Hcm-fpsS

hmNIw D≤-cn-°s´: ""Xs‚ Cuam-\n-s\- kq£n-°p∂ Hcp ASn-a,

AXns\ eLp-hm-°p∂ kwK-Xn-sb-°p-dn®v i≤ ImWn-°p-Ibpw,

Cuam-\ns‚ G‰-°p-d-®n-ep-I-sf-°p-dn®v t_m[-hm-\m-hp-Ibpw,

]nimNns‚ ]tem-`-\-ßsf Xncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw sNøpw.'' (id-lp-

∂q-\n-ø˛ C_v\p¬J-ønw˛ C_v\pCukm 2/140).

\ΩpsS _m[y-X-Ifn¬ Aew- mhw ImWn-°p-∂-Xnte°pw ldm-

amb Imcy-ßƒ sNøp∂-Xn-te°pw Cuam-\ns‚ Ipdhv \sΩ \bn-

°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXv hfsc Kuc-h-ap≈ Imcy-am-sW∂v Adn-

bpI! amX-a-√; A√m-lp-hn-t\mSv ]›m-Ø-]n-®p-sIm≠v CXn-\p≈

]Xn-Inb sNøm≥ DS≥ Bcw-`n-°p-Ibpw thWw. C\n, apkvXl-

∫mb(sFOn-I-amb) Imcy-ßƒ \n¿h-ln-°p-∂-Xn¬ A¬]w hogvN

D≠m-hp-Ibpw _m[y-X-Iƒ Ah-K-Wn®v ldmw sNøp∂ Ah-ÿ-

bn-te°v FØmXncn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ \ne-bn-em-sW-¶n¬ Bcm-

[-\-I-fn¬ icn-bmb ssNX-\yhpw IcpØpw B¿Pn-°p-∂-Xp-hsc

Fß-s\-sbms° kzbw Xncp-Øp-Ibpw Nn´-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNø-

W-sa∂v Hcmƒ Adn-tb-≠-Xp-≠v. \_nbpsS A[ym-]-\-Øn¬

\n∂pw CXv a\- n-emIpw:

""F√m I¿a-Øn\pw Du¿Phpw Icp-Øp-ap-≠v. Ch c≠n-s\bpw

Hcp aµo-I-cWw ]n¥p-S-cpw, BcpsS aµo-I-cWamtWm Fs‚ kp∂-

Øn-t\mSv s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂Xv Abmƒ \√ \ne-bn-em-Wv. Bcp-sS-

sb-¶n-epw aµo-I-cWw CX-√mØ \nen-bn-em-sW-¶n¬ (A[m¿an-

Ihpw \njn-≤-hp-amb I¿a-ßƒ sNøpI) Ah≥ \in-®p-t]mIpw.''

(AlvaZv 2/210, kzlolpØ¿Ko_v 55).


Zp¿_e Cuam-\ns\ NnIn-’n-°p∂ ]iv\w N¿® sNøp-∂-

Xn\v apºv Nne Imcy-ßƒ \mw i≤n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. lrZbw ITn-\-

amsW∂v tXm∂p∂ A[n-I-am-fp-Ifpw _mly-amb ]cn-lm-c-amWv

]c-Xp-∂-Xv. kzbw kq£vaX ]pe¿Øm≥ km[n-°p-∂-h¿ t]mepw

a‰p-≈-hsc hniz-kn®v Bi-bn-°m-\mWv ian-°p-∂-Xv. ASn-abpw

Ahs‚ d∫pw XΩn-ep≈ _‘-amWv Cuam≥, AXn-\m¬ kzbw

\nb-¥n-®mWv ]cn-lmcw ImtW-≠-Xv. ]cn-lm-c-Øn\p ]‰nb \nc-

h[n am¿K-ßƒ Xmsg hnh-cn-°p-∂p≠v. Xs‚ Imcyw A√m-lp-

hn¬ A¿∏n®v, e£yw ]m]n-°m≥ Xm≥ ]bmkw kln-°-W-

sa∂ bmYm¿Yy-Øn-te°v aS-ßm≥ Xøm-dp-≈-h¿°v Ah D]-Im-

c-s∏Spw.

1. F√m Imcy-ßfpw hni-Zo-I-cn®p sIm≠pw, Ah≥ Dt±-in-

°p∂ Ahs‚ ASn-a-Iƒ°v am¿K-Z¿in-bmb ]Im-i-am-bn-

s°m≠pw A√mlp Ah-X-cn-∏n® ]cn-ip≤ Jp¿-B-\ns‚

Bi-b-ß-fn-te°v hnNn-¥\w \S-Øp-I. hfsc im¥hpw e-

]-Z-hp-amb ia\w CXn-ep≠v F∂-Xn¬ kwi-b-an-√. A√mlp

]d-bp∂p:

""kXyhnizmknIƒ°v ia\hpw ImcpWyhpam-bn´p≈Xv

Jp¿B\neqsS \mw AhXcn∏n®psIm≠ncn°p∂p.''

(CkvdmAv: 82). Jp¿-B-\ns‚ Bibß-sf-°p-dn®v Btem-Nn®v

hnNn-¥\w \S-ØpI F∂-Xm-Wv Cu NnIn-’-bpsS coXn.

\_n cmXn \a-kvIm-c-Øn\mbn Fgp-t∂‰v \n∂m¬ A√m-

lp-hns‚ KŸw Bh¿Øn®v ]mcm-bWw sNøp-Ibpw Nn¥n-°p-

Ibpw sNøp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp kµ¿`-Øn¬ ]cn-ip-≤-Jp¿-B-\nse

Hcp hN\w amXw ]mcm-bWw sNbvXp-sIm≠v ]`mXw hscbpw

\n∂p \a-kvI-cn-®p ˛ B hN-\-Øns‚ A∏p-d-tØ°v IS-°m-sX.


""\o Ahsc in£n°pIbmsW¶n¬ Xo¿®bmbpw Ah¿ \ns‚

Zmk≥am-cmWt√m. \o Ah¿°v s]mdpØpsImSp°pIbmsW¶n¬

\o Xs∂bmWt√m ]Xm]nbpw bpIvXnam\pw.''(amCZ :118) F∂

hN-\-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. (AlvaZv 4/149, kn^-Øp- zem-Øn-∂-_n-

øn˛-A¬_m\n : 102)

\_n hfsc hn]p-e-ambn Xs∂ Jp¿-B-\ns‚ A¿Y-X-e-

ßsf kw_-‘n®v hnNn-¥\w \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. \√ ]c-º-c-tbmSp

IqSn C_v\pln-∫m≥ Xs‚ kzlo-ln¬ AXzm-d-bn¬ \n∂pw dnt∏m-

¿´v sNøp-∂p:

AXzmd ]d-bp∂p: ""Dss_-Zp-√m-ln_v\p Dssadpw Rm\pw

BC-ibpsS ASpØv sN∂p, F∂n v Dss_-Zp-√mln_v\p Dssa¿

]d™p: ""\_nbn¬ \n∂pw \nßƒ I≠ G‰hpw B›-cy-I-c-

amb Imcyw Rßƒ°v ]d™v XcnI.'' BC--i Ic-™p-sIm≠v

]d-™p: \_n Hcp cmXn (\a-kvI-cn-°m≥) Fgp-t∂‰n´v ]d™p:

""Hm, BC-i, Fs‚ c£n-Xm-hns\ Bcm-[n-°m≥ Fs∂ hnSp-I''.

Rm≥ ]d™p: ""A√m-lphmsW, Aß-bpsS kmao]yw Rm≥ CjvS-

s∏-Sp-∂p, Xm¶ƒ°v kt¥m-j-ap≈ Imcyhpw Rm≥ CjvS-s∏-Sp-

∂p.'' \_n Fgp-t∂‰v ip≤n hcpØn \a-kvIm-c-Øn-\mbn \n∂p.

At±-l-Øns‚ icocw \\-bp-thmfw At±lw Ic-™p. ]n∂oSv

At±lw \n∂ ÿew \\-bp-thmfw At±lw Ic-™p-sIm-t≠-bn-

cp-∂p. _nem¬ _m¶v hnfn-°m-\mbn h∂-t∏mƒ \_n Ic-bp-

∂Xv I≠p. _nem¬ tNmZn-®p. ""Hm ]hm-N-Itc, Ign-™Xpw


hcm-\n-cn-°p∂Xpw Bb apgp-h≥ ]m]-ßfpw A√mlp Xm¶ƒ°v

s]mdpØp X∂n´pw Aßv Ic-bp-Itbm?'' \_n ]d™p: Rm≥

\µn-bp≈ Hcp ASn-a-bm-th≠tbm? Cu cmXn F\n°v Nne hN-

\-ßƒ Ah-X-cn-®p. AXn-s\-°p-dn®v Btem-Nn-°msX AXv ]mcm-

bWw sNøp∂ Hcp-h\v Zp¿KXn Bbn-cn-°pw. "Xo¿®bmbpw

BImißfpsSbpw qanbpsSbpw krjvSnbnepw, cm]IepIƒ amdn

amdn hcp∂Xnepw k¬_p≤nbp≈h¿°v ]e ZrjvSm¥ßfpap≠v.

\n∂psIm≠pw Ccp∂p sIm≠pw InS∂p sIm≠pw A√mlpsh

Hm¿an°pIbpw, BImißfpsSbpw `qanbpsSbpw krjvSnsb]‰n

Nn¥n®v sIm≠ncn°pIbpw sNøp∂hcsX Ah¿. (Ah¿ ]dbpw)

RßfpsS c£nXmth! \o \nc¿∞Iambn krjvSn®X√ CXv. \o

FXtbm ]cnip≤≥! AXn\m¬ \cIin£bn¬ \n∂v Rßsf

ImØpc£n°tW.'(3:190,191) (F∂ hN-\w).'' (kn¬kn-e-Øp- z-

lol 1/106). Cu hN-\-ß-sf-°p-dn®v D‰m-tem-Nn-t°-≠Xv A\n-hm-

cy-am-sW∂v CXn¬ \n∂pw a\- n-em-°mw.

]cn-ip≤ Jp¿-B-≥ Xulo-Zns\°pdn®v kwkm-cn-°p-∂p. ]Xn-

^-e-sØ-°p-dn®p≈ hmKvZm-\w, in£-sb-°p-dn® Kuc-hXcamb

ap∂-dn-bn∏v, \nb-a-\n¿tZ-i-ßƒ, IY-Iƒ, adp-]-Sn-Iƒ, icn-bmb

BNm-c-a-cym-Z-Iƒ F∂n-h-sb√mw ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p. Ch lrZ-b-

Øn-ep-≠m-°p∂ ]XoXn hyXy-kvX-am-Wv. Nne A[ym-b-ßƒ a‰p-

≈-h-sb-°mƒ lrZ-bsØ `b-ap-≈-Xm-°pw. \_n]d™p:

""kqdØp lqZpw ktlm-Z-c-ßfpw ka-b-Øn\v apºv Xs∂

Fs∂ \c-∏n-®p (]mbw tXm∂n-∏n®p).''(kn¬kneØpkz-lol

2/679). as‰mcp dnt∏m¿´n¬

""lqZpw hmJn-Abpw ap¿k-emØpw AΩ-bXkmA-eq≥, CZ-

»w-kp-Ip-∆n-dØv F∂o kpd-Øp-Iƒ'' F∂m-Wp-≈-Xv. (Xn¿apZn 329,

kn¬kn-e-Øp- z-lolx). Cu kqd-ØpI-fn¬ Dƒs°m-≈p∂ Cuam-

\ns‚ hkvXp-X-Ifpw henb DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øßfpw lrZ-bsØ \nd-

°p-Ibpw ico-c-Ønepw apSn-bnepw hy‡-amb ]Xn-^-e\w D≠m-

hp-Ibpw sNbvX-Xp-sIm≠mWv \_nbpsS apSn \c-®-Xv. ""BI-

bm¬, \o I¬]n-°-s∏-´-Xp-t]mse \obpw \nt∂m-sSm∏w(A√m-


lp-hn -te°v) aS-ßn-b-hcpw t\cmb am¿K-Øn¬ \ne-sIm-

≈pI...''(11:112) XpS-ßnb hN-\-ßƒ kqdØp¬ lqZn-em-Wt√m

D≈-Xv.

\_nbpsS A\p-N-c-∑mcpw Jp¿-B≥ ]mcm-bWw sNøp-Ibpw

Bg-Øn¬ hnNn-¥\w \S-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p. kuay\pw

im¥-lr-Z-b-\p-am-bn-cp∂ A_q-_-°¿hn\v A√m-lp-hns‚ hN-

\-ßƒ ]mcm-bWw sNbvXp-sIm≠v \a-kvI-cn-°p∂ kµ¿ -ß-fn¬

Ic-®n¬ AS-°m≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. A√m-lp-hns‚ hN-\-ßƒ

]mcm-bWw sNbvXp Da¿ tcmK-_m-[n-X-\mbn. (C_v\p-I-Yo¿ 7/

406). Pam-AØv \a-kvIm-c-ß-fn¬ bAvJq_vs\°p-dn® A√m-

lp-hns‚ hN-\-ßƒ ]mcm-bWw sNøp-tºmƒ At±-l-Øns‚

Gß¬ tIƒ°m-am-bn-cp-∂p. ""At±lw ]d™p: Fs‚ thh-em-

Xnbpw hyk-\hpw Rm≥ A√m-lp-hn-t\mSv amX-am-Wv t_m[n-∏n-

°p-∂-Xv...''(bqkp^v: 86) XpS-ßnb hN-\-ßƒ DZm-l-c-Ww. (a\m-

Jn_p Da¿, C_v\p¬Pukn: 167).

DYvam≥ ]d™p: ""\ΩpsS lrZ-b-ßƒ ip≤hpw If-¶-c-ln-

Xhpw BsW-¶n¬ A√mlphns‚ hN-\-ß-sf-°mƒ aXn-bm-Ip∂

bmsXm∂pw th≠n hcn√.'' DYvam≥ \ymb-amb Imc-W-Øm-e-

√msX sIme-sN-ø-s∏´v c‡-km-£n-bmbn. At±-l-Øns‚ c‡w

apkvl^n¬ hogp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

Aøq_v ]d™p: kCu-Zp_v\p Pqss_¿ \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ Ccp-

]Xv XhW Cu BbØv ]mcm-bWw sNøp-∂Xmbn Rm≥ tI´p:

""\nßƒ A√mlphn¶te°v aS°s∏Sp∂ Hcp ZnhksØ

kq£n®psIm≈pI.'' (2:281) (knb-dp-A-Aveman-∂p-_-em-Av 4/324)

CXmWv Jp¿-B-\n¬ Ah-X-cn® Ah-km-\sØ BbØv. CXv

Ah-km-\n-°p-∂-Xn-ß-s\-bm-Wv..... ""F∂n´v Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw Ah-

\-h≥ ]h¿Øn-®-Xns‚ ^ew ]q¿W-ambn \¬I-s∏-Sp-∂-XmWv.

Ah-tcmSv(H´pw) A\oXn ImWn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bn-√.''

C_mloap_v\p _»m¿ ]d™p: ""Aen-øp_v\p ^pssZ¬

acn-°p∂ ka-bØv ]mcm-bWw sNbvXn-cp∂ hN\w CXm-Wv:


""Ah¿ \c-I-Øn-¶¬ \n¿Ø-∏-Sp∂ Imcyw \o I≠n-cp-s∂-

¶n¬. At∏mƒ Ah¿ ]d-bpw: ""Rßƒ Cl-tem-IØv H∂p Xncn-

®-b-°-s∏-´n-cp-s∂-¶n¬ FX \∂m-bn-cp-t∂-s\...''(6:27).

"Cl-tem-I-tØ°v Xncn-®-b-°pI' F∂ hm°v FØn-b-t∏mƒ

At±lw acn-®p. At±-l-Øn\v th≠n (P\mk)\a-kvI-cn-®-h-cn¬

HcmfmWv Rm≥. A√mlp At±-l-Øn\v ta¬ IcpW sNmcn-b-

s´.'' (knbdp AAvem-an-∂p-_-em-Av 4/446).

Xnem-h-Øns‚ kpPqZv \n¿h-ln-°p-tºmgpw \ΩpsS ap≥Km-an-

Iƒ hyXykvX coXn-bn-emWv ]Xn-I-cn-®-Xv.

""Ah¿ Ic™psIm≠v apJw IpØn hogp-Ibpw AX-h¿°v

hn\bw h¿[n-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw'' (Ckvdm-Av: 109) F∂ Jp¿-

B≥ hN\w ]mcm-bWw sNbvXp-sIm≠v kpPqZv \n¿h-ln® tijw

Ah-cn¬- H-cmƒ(dln-a-lp-√mlv) kzbw Ip‰-s∏-SpØn ]d™p:

""CXv kpPq-ZmWv. Ic-®n¬ FhnsS?''

Jp¿-B-\neqsS A√mlp Ah-X-cn-∏n-® D]a-Ifpw DZm-l-c-W-

ßfpw hfsc Nn¥m¿l-am-Wv. Ah \sΩ Nn¥n-°m\pw Btem-

Nn®p a\- n-em-°m\pw t]cn-∏n-°p-∂p. A√mlp ]d-bp∂p:

""...a\p-jy¿°v Ah¿ Btem-Nn®v a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn

A√mlp D]-a-Iƒ hnh-cn-®psImSp°p-∂p.''(14:25)

""...Cu DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ \mw P\-ßƒ°v th≠n hnh-cn-°p-∂p.

Ah¿ Nn¥n-°m≥ th≠n.''(59:21).

ke-^p-I-fn¬s]´ Hcp hy‡n A√m-lp ]d™ D]-a-I-fn-sem-

∂v hmbn®v AXns‚ kmcw Dƒs°m≈m≥ Ign-bmsX Ic-bm≥

XpS-ßn. "F¥mWv \nßsf Ic-bn-∏n-®Xv' F∂v tNmZn-°-s∏- -t∏mƒ

At±lw ]d-™p. A√mlp ]d-bp∂p: ""B D]-a-Iƒ \mw a\p-

jy¿°v th≠n hnh-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. Adn-hp≈hc-√msX Ah-sb-

∏‰n Nn¥n®p a\- n-em-°p-I-bn√.''(29:43). ]t£, F\n°v Cu D]a


a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-™n-√. Rm≥ Adn-hp-≈-bm-f-√. CXbpw Imew

Adnhv Ic-ÿ-am-°msX kabw \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xn-\m-emWv Rm≥

Ic-™-Xv.''

A√mlp Jp¿-B-\n¬ \nc-h[n D]-a-Iƒ hnh-cn-°p-∂p. hnf°v

IØn® Hcmsf t]mse(2:17), bmsXm∂pw tIƒ°m≥ ]‰mØ

Bń≥]-‰-tØmSv Ae-dp-∂-h-s\-t∏mse(2:171),Ggv IXn-cp-Iƒ apf-

∏n-°p∂ [m\y-a-Wn- t]mse(2:261), \m°v \oń-bn-ń-cn-°p∂ \mb-

sb-t∏mse(7:176), KŸ-ßƒ Npa-°p∂ Igp-X-I-sf-t∏mse (62:5),

Cu® (A√mlp A√m-Ø-h-sc√mw Hcp-an-®p-Iq-Sn-bmepw A√m-lp-

hn-\-√msX AXns\ krjvSn-°m≥ Ign-bn√, 22:73), F´p-Imen(hoSp-

I-fn¬ sh®v G‰hpw Zp¿_-e-amb hoSv \¿an-°p-∂h 29:41), A‘\pw

_[n-c\pw ImgvN-bp-≈-h\pw tIƒhn-bp-≈-h\pw(11:24), i‡-amb

Im‰p≈ Hcp Znh-k-Ønse shÆodp IWs° (14:18), \√

hr£w(14:24), Zpjn® hr£w (14:26), BIm-iØp \n∂pw sNmcn-

bp∂ sh≈w(6:99), ]Im-in-°p∂ hnf°v D≈ hnf-°p-amSw(24:35),

bmsXmcphn[ Ign -hp -an -√mØ Hcm-fpsS Iogn¬ Ign -bp∂

ASna(16:75), ]c-kv]cw hg-°-Sn-°p∂ ]¶p-Im-cpsS Iogn-ep≈ a\p-

jy≥(the-°m-c≥)(39:29) F∂n-ßs\ [mcmfw D]-a-Iƒ. hmb\-

°m¿ Cu Bb-Øp-Isf ]cn-tim-[n-°pIbpw i≤bpw Xm¬]-

cyhpw ImWn®v Ch-bpsS A¿Y-ß-sf-°p-dn®v hnNn-¥\w \S-Øp-

Ibpw sNøm≥ th-≠n-bmWv Cu kqN-\-Iƒ \¬In-b-Xv.

Jp¿-B≥ D]-tbm-Kn®v lrZ-b-Øns‚ ImTn-\ysØ Fßs\

\o°w sNømw F∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v C_v\p Jønw Cßs\ kwK-

ln-°p-∂p. ""\nßƒ sNtø≠ ][m-\-s∏´ c≠v Imcy-ß-fp≠v.

H∂m-asØ kwK-Xn˛Cu temI-Ønse kuI-cy-ßfn¬ \n∂pw

]c-tem-I-Ønse kuI-cy-ß-fn-te°v lrZ-bsØ am‰p-I. F∂n´v

Jp¿-B-\n-te°pw AXns‚ A¿Y-X-e-ß-fn-te°pw \nß-fpsS a\-

ns\ tIµo-I-cn-°p-I. F√m hN-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw Fs¥-¶nepw

Dƒs°m-≠p-sIm≠v a\- ns‚ tcmK-Øn-s\-Xnsc AXns\ ]tbm-

Kn-°m≥ ian-°p-I. Cu Bb-Øp-Iƒ lrZ-b-Ønse tcmK-Øn\v(ia-

\-am-bn-´mWv) Ah-X-cn-∏n-®-Xv. Aßs\ A√m-lp-hns‚ A\p-a-Xn-

tbmsS \nßƒ°v tcmK-i-a\w In´pw''.


2. A√m-lp-hns‚ D∂-Xn-sb-°p-dn®v Ah-t_m-[-ap-≠m°n,

Ahs‚ \ma-Kp-W-hn-ti-j-W-ß-sf-°p-dn®v a\- n-em-°m\pw

Ahsb∏‰n Nn¥n-°p-hm\pw A¿Yw Kln-°p-hm\pw ian-

°p-I. Ch-sb-°p-dn®v a\- n-em°n lrZ-b-Øn¬ Cu hnNm-c-

ßƒ ÿm]n-°m≥ ian-®m¬ ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ KpW-]-c-amb

^e-ap≠m°m≥ Ign-bpw. ]´m-f-ta-[m-hn-sbbpw A\p-bm-bn-I-

sfbpw t]mse lrZbw Hcm-fpsS Ign-hp-I-fpsS \mb-I-\m-Wv.

lrZbw \ymb-am-sW-¶n¬ Ign-hp-Ifpw \ymb-am-bn-cn-°pw. AXp

tami-am-sW-¶n¬ Ahbpw tami-am-bn-cn-°pw.

A√m-lp-hns‚ D∂-Xn-sb-°p-dn®pw al-Xz-sØ-°p-dn®pw ]Xn-

]m-Zn-°p∂ [mcmfw hN-ßƒ Jp¿-B-\nepw kp∂-Ønepw ImWm≥

Ign-bpw. Ah-sb-∏‰n Nn¥n-°p∂ apkvenans‚ lrZbw hnd-sIm-

≈p-Ibpw D∂-X\pw alm\pw F√mw tIƒ°p-∂h\pw F√mw ImWp-

∂-h\pamb A√m-lp-hn\v ap∂n¬ hn\-bm-\znX-am-hp-Ibpw c£n-

Xm-hn-t\m-Sp≈ `bhpw IogvhW-°hpw h¿[n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.

Ahs‚ [mcmfw \ma-ßfpw hnti-j-W-ßfpw Jp¿-B-\n¬

]Xn-]m-Zn-®n- p-≠v. Ah≥ A¬-Afow, A¬ap-ssl-an≥, A¬P-∫m¿,

A¬ apØ°-∫n¿, A¬ Ihnøv , A¬ Jlvlm¿, A¬ I_o¿,

A¬ apX-B¬ XpS-ßn-b hnti-j-W-ß-fp-≈-h\mWv. A√mlp

Fs∂∂pw Pohn-°p-∂-h-\mWv, Hcn-°epw acn-°p-I-bn√. F∂m¬

a\p-jycpw Pn∂p-Ifpw acn-°pw. Ahs‚ ASn-a-I-fpsS ta¬ FXn¿°-

s∏-Sm-\m-hmØ i‡n-bp-≈-h-\mWv Ah≥. CSn-\mZw Ahs\

hmgvØp-Ibpw kvXpXn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xp-t]mse ae-°p-Ifpw

Ahs‚ Hu∂nXysØ hmgvØp-∂p. Ah≥ k¿h-i-‡\pw in£

\S-∏m-°m≥ F√mhn[ Ign-hp-Ifpw D≈-h-\pam-Wv. Ah≥ F√mw

kzbw ]h¿Øn-°p-∂p. Ah\v Dd-°-an-√. F√m-Øn-s\°pdn®pw

]q¿W-⁄m-\-ap-≈-h-\m-Wv. IÆp-I-fpsS I´p-t\m-´hpw a\- n¬

D≈Xpw Ah≥ Adn-bp-∂p. Ahs‚ AKm-[-amb ⁄m\w Jp¿-

B≥ Cßs\ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p:


""Ahs‚ ]°emIp∂p ad™ImcyØns‚ JP\mhpIƒ.

Ah\√msX Ah AdnbpIbn√. Icbnepw ISenepap≈Xv Ah≥

Adnbp∂p. Ah\dnbmsX Hcp Ce t]mepw hogp∂n√. `qanbnse

Ccp´pIƒ°p≈nencn°p∂ Hcp [m\yaWnbmIs´, ]®tbm,

DWßnbtXm Bb GsXmcp hkvXphmIs´, hyIvXamb Hcp

tcJbn¬ FgpXs∏´Xmbn´√msX D≠mhn√''(6:59). Ahs‚ Hu∂-

Xy-sØ-°p-dn®v hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p.

""...Dbn¿sØgpt∂¬]ns‚ \mfn¬ `qan apgph≥ Ahs‚ Hcp

ssI]nSnbn¬ HXpßp∂Xmbncn°pw. BImißƒ Ahs‚

heXpssIøn¬ Npcp´n∏nSn∏n°s∏´h-bpambncn°pw. Ahs\X

]cnip≤≥! Ah¿ ]¶ptN¿°p∂Xn-s\√mw Ah≥ AXoX\mbn-

cn°p∂p.''(kpa¿: 67).

\_n]d™p:

""A¥y-Zn-\-Øn¬ A√mlp qansb Iøn-se-Sp°pw. BIm-iß-

sf Ah≥ he-Xp-ssI-øn¬ Npcp-´n-∏n-Sn-°pw. F∂n´v ]d-bpw: Rm-

\mWv cmPmhv, `qan-bnse cmPm-°-∑mschn-sS?''(_pJmcn:6947).

aqkmbpsS NcnXw hmbn-°p∂ GsXm-cmfpsSbpw lrZbw

`b-hn-lz-e-am-Ipw.

""\ΩpsS \n›nX kabØn\v aqkm hcnIbpw, At±-lØns‚

c£nXmhv At±ltØmSv kwkmcn°pIbpw sNbvX-t∏mƒ aqkm


]d™p: Fs‚ c£nXmth,(\ns∂) F\ns°m∂p ImWn®pXcq.

Rm≥ \ns∂sbm∂v t\m°n°mWs´. Ah≥ (A√mlp) ]d™p:

\o Fs∂ ImWpIbn√ Xs∂. F∂m¬ \o B aebnte°v t\m°q.

AXv AXns‚ kvYm\Øv Dd®p\n∂m¬ hgnsb \n\s°s∂

ImWmw. Aßs\ At±lØns‚ c£nXmhv ]¿∆XØn\v shfn-

s∏´t∏mƒ AXns\ Ah≥ s]mSnbm°n. aqkm t_m[cln-X\mbn

hogpIbpw sNbvXp. F∂n v At±lØn\v t_m[w h∂-t∏mƒ At±-

lw ]d™p: \osbX ]cnip≤≥! Rm≥ \n∂n-te°v tJZn®paS-

ßnbncn°p∂p. Rm≥ hnizmknIfn¬ H∂ma\m-Ip∂p''(7:143). Cu

hN-\sØ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p∂ Hcp lZoYv ImWpI.

\_n Xs‚ s]cp-hn-c¬ sNdp-hn-c-ens‚ AK-Øn¬ Aa¿Øn-

sIm≠v ]d™p: ""CXp t]mse ]¿hXw t]Sn®p hnd®v XI¿∂p

hoWp.'' (Xp¿ap-Zn 3074, AlvaZv 3/125, C_v\pI-ko¿ Xs‚ X^vko-

dn¬ 3/466 CXns‚ k\Zv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. C_v\p¬ Jønw

]d-™p: apkvenans‚ hyhÿ ]Imcw CXns‚ k\-Zv kzlo-

lmWv. A¬_m\n Cu lZokv kzlo-lmWv F∂v tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn,-

A p∂ C_v\p A_o Bkznw, 480).

D∂-X\pw alm-\p-amb A√m-lp-hns‚ ]Im-i-Øn\v Hcp ad-

bp-≠v. AXv Ah≥ Db¿Øn-bm¬ Ahs‚ apJ-Øns‚ ]` apgp-

h≥ krjvSn -I-sfbpw Icn -®p -I-f -bp -∂-Xbpw i‡-am -Wv.

A√mlphns‚ al-Xz-Øns‚ as‰mcp hiw \_n ]d™p:

""A√mlp Hcp I¬]\ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®m¬ ae-°p-Iƒ Nnd-Ip-

Iƒ ASn-®p-sIm≠v hn\-b-s∏-Sp-Ibpw A√mlphns‚ hN-\-ßƒ°v

Iosgm-Xp-ßp-Ibpw sNøpw˛I-cn-¶-√n¬ Nne-¶-sIm≠v ASn-°p-∂-

Xp-t]mse i_vZ-ap≠m°n-s°m≠v. AXv Ign-bp-tºmƒ ""F¥mWv

\nß-fpsS \mY≥ ]d-™Xv?'' F∂v tNmZn°pw. Ah¿ ]dbpw:

""Ah≥ ]d-™Xv kXy-amWv. Ah≥ G‰hpw D∂-X\pw alm-\p-

amW.v''(_pJmcn : 7043).


A√m-lp-hns‚ Hu∂-XysØ kqNn-∏n-°p∂ \nc-h[n hN-\-

ßƒ D≠v. Ch-bpsS A¿Y-X-e-ßsf°pdn®v D‰m-tem-Nn-°p-∂Xv

Cuam-\ns\ ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°m≥ DX-Ip∂ G‰hpw \√ am¿K-ß-

fn¬ H∂m-Wv. A√m-lp-hns‚ Hu∂-Xy-sØ-°p-dn®v C_v\p-

¬Jønw hfsc at\m-l-c-ambn ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p: ""F√m A[n-

Imc afi-e-ß-fnepw Imcy-ßƒ Ah≥ \nb-¥n-°p-∂p. Ah≥

I¬]n-°p-Ibpw hne-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. krjvSn-°p-Ibpw D]-Po-

h\w \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. acn-∏n-°p-Ibpw Pohn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-

∂p. Ah≥ a\p-jys‚ ]Zhn Db¿Øp-Ibpw XmgvØp-Ibpw sNøp-

∂p. cmhn-s\bpw ]I-en-s\bpw am‰n-a-dn-°p-∂p. P\-ß-fpsS Dug-a-

\p-k-cn-®v Znh-k-ß-sf(\√Xpw A√m-ØXpw) Xcp-∂p. cmPy-ßsf

D≠m-°p-Ibpw \in-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. H∂v \in-∏n-°p-Ibpw

as‰m-∂v D≠m-°pIbpw sNøp-∂p. Ahs‚ B⁄-Ifpw DØ-c-hp-

Ifpw BIm-i-`q-an-I-fnepw Ah-bpsS tasebpw Xmsgbpw, kap-Z-

ß-fnepw A¥co£ß-fn-ep-sa√mw Ah≥ \nd-th-‰p-∂p. Ah≥

F√m Imcy-sØ-°p-dn®pw Adn-hp-≈h-\m-Wv. F√m-Øn-s‚bpw

FÆhpw IW°pw Ah≥ Adn-bp-∂p. F√m i_vZßfpw Ah≥

tIƒ°p-∂p˛]c-kv]cw Hcn-°epw ]niIp ]‰p-I-bn-√. F√m

hyXykvX mj-Ifpw Ah-bnep≈ ]e-hn-[-Øn-ep≈ At]-£-Ifpw

]m¿Y-\-Ifpw F√mw bmsXmcphn[ Bi-b-°p-g-∏w IqSm-sX-bpw,

H∂v as‰m-∂p-ambn IqSn-°-ecm-sXbpw Ah≥ tIƒ°p-∂p.

Bhiy°m-cs‚ Bh-iy-ßƒ tIƒ°p-∂-Xn¬ Ah\v Hcn-°epw

apjnt∏m Xf¿®tbm _m[n-°p-I-bn-√. F√m Imcy-ßfpw Ah≥

ImWp-∂p. Iqcn-cp- Øv IdpØ ]md-bn-eqsS IS∂p t]mIp∂ IdpØ

Ddp-ºns\t∏mepw Ah≥ ImWp-∂p. AZr-iy-ßƒ Ah\v Zriy-am-

Wv. cl-ky-ßƒ Ah≥ Adn-bp-∂p. ""BIm-i-ß-fnepw `qan-bnepw

D≈-h¿ Ah-t\mSv tNmZn-®p sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂p. F√m Znh-khpw

Ah≥ Imcy-\n¿h-l-W-Øn-em-Ip∂p.''(A¿lvam≥ : 29). Ah≥ ]m]-

ßƒ s]mdp-Øp-sIm-Sp°p∂p. ZpxJ-ßƒ°v Bizmkw ]I-cp-∂p.

Zpcn-X-ß-f-I-‰p-∂p. a¿Zn-Xs\ klm-bn-°p-∂p. ]mh-s∏-´-h\v Bi-

b-am-Ip∂p. hgn-sX-‰n-b-h-s\bpw Ipg-∏-Øn-e-I-s∏-´-h-s\bpw hgn-

\SØp-∂p. \ncm-i-\m-bhs‚ Imcy-ßƒ \S-Øn-s°mSp°p-∂p. hni-

°p-∂-h\v £Ww \¬Ip-∂p. hkvX-an-√m-Ø-h\v hkvXw \¬Ip-

∂p, sX‰p-Iƒ ad®psh-°p-∂p, `bsØ C√m-Xm-°p-∂p. Nne-cpsS


A¥ v Db¿Øp-Ibpw Nne-sc XmgvØp-Ibpw sNøp∂p. BIm-i-

`q-an-I-fn-ep≈ apgp-h≥ \nhm-kn-Ifpw BZyw apX¬ A¥yw hsc-

bp≈ apgp-h≥ a\p-jycpw Pn∂p-Ifpw G‰hpw kq£vaX ]pe¿-

Øp∂ Hcphs\-t∏mse kq£vaX ]men-°p-∂-h-cm-bmepw Ahs‚

Hu∂-Xy-Øn\v A¬]w t]mepw h¿[-\hv hcn--I-bn-√. BZyw apX¬

Ah-km\w hsc-bp≈ apgp-h≥ a\p-jycpw Pn∂p-Ifpw G‰hpw Zpjn®

Zp¿am¿Knsbt∏mse \ntj[n Bbmepw Ahs‚ D∂-Xn°v A¬]w

t]mepw XmgvN kw`-hn-°p-Ibpan-√. BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn-ep≈ kIe

Poh-Pm-e-ßfpw BZyw apX¬ A¥yw hsc-bp≈ a\p-jycpw Pn∂p-

Ifpw Pohn-®n-cn-°p-∂-hbpw ac-W-s∏-´-hbpw Poh-\p-≈-hbpw Poh-

\n-√m-Ø-hbpw F√mw Hcn-SØv Hcp-an®v IqSn Ah-t\mSv tNmZn-°p-

I-bm-sW-¶n¬ B tNmZn-®-Xn-s\√mw Ah≥ \¬In-bmepw Ahs‚

ASp-°-ep-≈-Xn¬ \n∂pw Hcp AWp-hns‚ Afhpt]mepw Ipdhv

hcp-I-bn-√. Ah-≥ aptº D≈-h≥. Ah\v apºv bmsXm∂pw C√.

Ah-\mWv Ah-km\w, Ah\ptijw bmsXm-∂p-an-√. Ah≥

kvXpXy¿l\pw al-Xz-]q¿W-\p-am-Wv. Hm¿°-s∏-Sphm≥ G‰hpw

A¿l≥ Ah-\m-Wv. Bcm-[n-°-s∏-Sp-hm≥ G‰hpw A¿l≥ Ah≥

amX-am-Wv. \µn e`n-°p-hm≥ G‰hpw A¿l-\m-b-h\pw Ah-\m-

Wv. cmPm-[n-Im-cn-I-fn¬ G‰hpw Icp-Wm-a-b≥ Ah-\m-Wv. tNmZn-

°p-∂-h-tcmSv G‰hpw HuZm-cy-ap-≈-h≥ Ah-\m-Wv. Hcp klm-

bntbm ]¶p-Im-ct\m C√mØ cmPm-[n-cm-P-\mWv Ah≥. FXn-cm-

fn-I-fn-√mØ-h≥. F√m-Øn\pw tijn-bp≈ DS-a-ÿ≥. Ah\v k¥m-

\-an-√. G‰hpw D∂-X\mb Ah\v Xpey-ambn H∂p-an-√. Ahs‚

Xncp-apJw HgnsI F√m hkvXp-°fpw \mi-a-S-bp-∂-Xm-Wv... Ahs‚

ta¬t°mbva Hgn-sI-bp≈sX√mw C√m-Xm-Ipw. Ahs‚ A\p-a-Xn-

tbm-sS-b-√msX Bcpw Ah\v hg-ßp-I-bn-√. Ahs‚ Adn-thm-sS-

b-√msX Bcpw Ahs\ [n°-cn-°p-I-bn-√. Ah≥ A\p-k-cn-°-s∏-

Sp-∂p. AXn-s\ Ah≥ A`n-\-µn°p∂p. Ah≥ [n°-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.

Ah≥ AXns\ s]mdp-Øp- sIm-Sp-°p-∂p. Ahs‚ F√m in£bpw

\ymb]q¿W-amWv. Ah-\n¬ \n∂p≈ F√m A\p-K-lhpw B\p-

Iq-ey-am-Wv. Ah≥ km£n-I-fn¬ G‰hpw ASp-Ø-h\pw kwc-£-I-

cn¬ G‰hpw kao-]-ÿ-\p-am-Wv. Ah≥ P\-ß-fpsS IpSp-a°v ]nSn-

°pw. I¿a-ßƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw \n›nX \mfn¬ F√m Imcy-

ßƒ°pw hn[n ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. F√m cl-kyhpw


Ah≥ Adn-bp-∂p. lrZ-b-ßƒ Ah-\n¬ \n∂pw bmsXm∂pw ad-®p-

sh-°p-∂n-√. Ahs‚ ]mcn-tXm-jnIw Hcp hm°m-Wv. Ahs‚

in£bpw Hcp hm°m-Wv. ""Xm≥ Hcp Imcyw Dt±-in-®m¬ AXn-t\mSv

D≠mIq F∂p ]d-bpI amX-am-Ip-∂p Ahs‚ Imcyw, At∏m-gXm

AXp-≠m-Ip∂p.''(bmko≥: 82). (A¬ hm_nep zbv_v t]Pv: 125).

3. CkvemanI hn⁄m\w Ic-ÿ-am-°pI: ImcWw Cu Adn-

hmWv A√m-lp-hns\ `b-s∏-Sm\pw Ah-\n-ep≈ hnizmkw

h¿[n∏n-°m\pw \sΩ t]cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Ah≥ al-Xz-k-ºq¿W-

\m-Wv. A√mlp ]d-bp∂p:

""...A√mlpsh `b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv Ahs‚ Zmk-∑m-cn¬ Adn-hp-≈-

h¿ amX-am-W.v'' (^mXzn¿: 35:28)

Adn-hp-≈-hcpw Adn-hn-√m-Ø-hcpw Cuam-\ns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ ka-

am-hp-I-bn-√. ico-A-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-ßƒ, ilm-Z-Øns‚

A¿Yhpw hym]vXnbpw, ac-W-Øn\v tijw kw`-hn-°p∂ Imcy-

ßƒ, J_-dnse in£, alvidn¬ Hcp-an-®p-Iq-´-s∏-Sp∂ Ahÿ,

A¥y-\m-fns‚ LS-I-ßƒ, kz¿K-Øns‚ BÀm-Z-ßƒ, \c-I-

Ønse in£-Iƒ, lemepw ldmapw Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂-Xn¬ ico-A-

Ønse ⁄m\w, ]hm-N-IbpsS Ncn-X-Øns‚ hni-Zo-I-cWw

F∂nß-s\-bp≈ hnhn[Xcw hnPvRm-\ßƒ Ic-ÿ-am-°nb Hcp-

h\pw aX-sØbpw AXns‚ hn[n-I--sfbpw Ipdn®pw AZriyImcy-

ß-sf-°p-dn®pw ico-AØv F¥v ]d-bp∂p F∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®pw

A⁄-\mb Hcmfpw Cuam-\n¬ Fßs\ Xpey-cmIpw? shdpw

A\p-I-c-Whpw hfsc Ipd™ \ne-°p≈ A¬]w Adnhpw amX-

am-bn-cn°pw c≠maXv ]d™ Bfns‚ ]°-ep-≈-Xv.

""... -]-d-bp-I, Adn-hp-≈-h\pw Adn-hn-√m-Ø-h\pw ka-am-

Iptam?''(kpa¿:9)

4. A√m-lp-hn-s\ kvacn-°p∂ kZ- p-I-fn¬ \nc-¥cw ]s¶-Sp-

°p-I: [mcmfw Imc-W-ßƒ sIm≠v CXv Cuam-\ns\ h¿≤n-

∏n°pw. A√m-lp-hn-s\-°p-dn®v ]cm-a¿in°pw, Imcp-Wyhpw


im¥n-bpw h¿jn°pw, ae-°p-Iƒ Ahsc hebpw sNøpw,

D]-cn-bn-ep≈ ae-°p-I-tfmSv A√mlp Chsc°p-dn®v ]d-bpw,

Ch-sc-°p-dn-®p≈ A√m-lp-hns‚ aXn∏v ae-°p-Isf Adn-bn-

°p-Ibpw ]m]-ßƒ s]mdpØp sImSp-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. Cu

Imcyw kzlo-lmb lZo-YpIfn¬ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. \_n]d™p:

""A√m-lp-hns\ kvacn-®p-sIm≠v Hcp P\-Xbpw Ccn°p-∂n√;

ae-°p-Iƒ hebw sNøp-Ibpw ImcpWyw aqSp-Ibpw im¥n h¿jn-

°p-Ibpw A√mlp Ahs‚ ASp-°-ep-≈-h-tcmSv Ahsc°pdn®v

]cm-a¿in-°p-Ibpw sNømsX.''(kzlolv apkvenw: 2700).

klveØv_v\pl≥f-en ]d™p: \_n ]d™p:

A√m-lp-hns\°pdn®v kvacn-°p∂ Bfp-Iƒ Hcpan®v IqSp-Ibpw

F∂n´v ]ncn™p t]mhp-Ibpw sNøp-I-bn-√; Ah-tcmSv Cßs\

]d-b-s∏-Sm-sX, "Fgp-t∂¬°pI, \nßƒ°v s]mdpØp X∂n-cn-

°p∂p.' (kzlo-lp¬ Pman-Av: 5507).

C_v\pl-P¿ ]d™p: ""A√m-lp-hns‚ ZnIvdn-s\-°p-dn®v

]kvXm-hn-°pI F∂Xv sIm≠v IrXy-ambpw IWn-i-ambpw

]h¿Øn-°pI F∂mWv A¿Y-am-°p-∂-Xv. \n¿_-‘-am-bXpw

t]m’m-ln-∏n-°-s∏-´-Xpamb I¿a-ßƒ˛ Jp¿-B≥ ]mcm-bWw,

lZoYv ]T-\w, a‰p -≈-h-cp -ambn tN¿∂v ]Tn -°p -I F∂n-

ßs\.''(^Xvlp¬ _mcn: 11/209).

A√m-lp-hns\°pdn®v kvacn-°p∂ kZ- p-Iƒ Hcm-fpsS Cuam≥

h¿[n-∏n-°p-sa-∂Xn\v Camw apkvenw bpsS kzlo-ln¬ \n∂p≈

Hcp lZoYv ImWp-I. l≥f-e¬ Dssken ]d™p: ""Rm≥ A_q-

_-°-dns\ I≠p. Ft∂mSv At±lw tNmZn-®p. "Hm l≥fem Fs¥m-

s°-bp-≠v.' Rm≥ ]d™p, "l≥fe ap\m-^n-Jmbn.' At±lw ]d-

™p: "kp_vlm\-√mlv, Xm¶ƒ F¥mWv ]d-bp-∂-Xv!' Rm≥ ]d-

™p. "\mw \_nbpsS kZ- n-¬ Ccn-°p-tºmƒ t\cn-´p-Im-Wp-

∂Xv t]mse kz¿K-\-c-I-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Ahn-Sp∂v ]d™pXcpw.

F∂m¬ \_nbpsS kZ- n¬ \n∂v ]ncn-™p-t]m-bm¬ \ΩpsS


IpSpw-_hpw a°-fpw A[zm-\-hp-sam-s°-bmbn \mw apgp-Ip-Ibpw

[mcmfw ad∂p t]mIpIbpw sNøp-∂p.' A_q-_¿ ]Xn-I-cn-®p.

"F\n°pw AtX Ah-ÿ-bm-Wv.' Aßs\ Rm\pw A_q-_-°dpw

]hm-N-Is‚ ASp-°¬ sN∂p. Rm≥ ]d-™p. "l≥fe ap\m-^n-

Jmbn ]hm-N-Itc.' \_n tNmZn-®p. "F¥mWv ImcWw?' Rm≥

]d-™p. "]hm-N-Isc, Rßƒ Aß-tbm-sSm∏w Ccn-°p-tºmƒ

Aßv Rßƒ°v kz¿K-sØ-°p-dn®pw \c-I-sØ-°p-dn®pw ]d-™p

Xcpw˛ Rßƒ t\cn´v AXv ImWp-∂Xv t]mse. ]n∂oSv Rßƒ

AßbpsS ASp-°¬ \n∂pw ]ncn-™p-t]m-bm¬ IpSpw-_-Øns‚bpw

a°-fp-sSbpw kºm-Zy-Øn-s‚bpw Imcy-ß-fn¬ hym]r-X-cm-hp-Ibpw

[mcm-f-ambn ad∂p t]mIp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.' (At∏mƒ) \_n]d™p:

""Fs‚ Bflmhv BcpsS Iøn-emtWm Ah≥ Xs∂-bmWv

kXyw. \nßƒ Fs‚ ASpØv D≈-Xp-t]m-ep≈ Ahÿ XpS-cp-

Ibpw ZnIvdn-te¿s∏-Sp-I-bp-am-sW-¶n¬ ae-°p-Iƒ \nß-fpsS

hncn∏pI-fnepw hgn-I-fnepw \nßƒ°v lkvX-Zm\w \¬Ipw. ]t£,

Hm l≥f-e, CXn\pw AXn-\p-sams° Hmtcm ka-b-ap-≠v. CXv \_naq∂p ]mhiyw Bh¿Øn-®p.'' (apkvenw: 2750).

kzlm-_n-Iƒ ssZh-kva-c-W°v th≠n H∂n-®n-cn-°m≥ Gsd

D¬km-ln-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. apBZv Hcm-tfmSv ]d™p:

""\ap°v H∂n-®n-cp-∂v Ipd®p Cuam-≥ A[n-I-cn∏n°mw.''(kzlo-

lmb k\-tZmsS, A¿_-D akm-Ce ^n¬ Cuam≥, A¬_m\n

t]Pv:72).

5. kabw k¬°¿a-ßƒ sIm≠v \nd-°pI. Zp¿_-e-amb Cuam-

\ns\ NnIn¬kn®v AXn\v i‡n ]I-cm≥ G‰hpw ]cym-]vX-

amb am¿K-ß-fn-sem-∂mWv CXv. A_q-_-°¿ CXn\v anI®

DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv. Hcn-°¬ \_nXs‚ kzlm-_-Øn-t\mSv

tNmZn-®p. "\nß-fn¬ BcmWv C∂v t\mºp-Im-c-\m-bn v cmhnse

Fgp-t∂-‰Xv?' A_q-_-°¿ ]d™p: "Rm\p-≠v.' "\nß-fn¬

BcmWv C∂v Hcp P\m-k-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-Ø-Xv?' A_q-_-°¿


]d™p: "Rm≥ ]s¶-Sp-Øp.' \_n tNmZn-®p. "BcmWv

C∂v Hcp Bh-iy-°m-cs\ `£n-∏n-®Xv?' A_q-_-°¿

]d™p: "Rm≥ sNbvXp.' "\nß-fn¬ BcmWv C∂v Hcp

tcmKnsb kµ¿in-®Xv?' A_q-_-°¿ ]d™p: "Rm≥

kµ¿in-®p.' \_n]d™p: "CsX√mw Hcmƒ sNbvXm-¬

Abmƒ kz¿K-Øn¬ ]th-in-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I-bn-√.'(apkvenw,

InXm_v˛^-fm-C-ep-kz-lm_x, _m_v 1, lZoYv 12).

A_q-_-°¿ kn±oJv X\n°v e`n-°p∂ F√m Ah-k-c-

ßfpw ]c-am-h[n D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn¬ AXn-bmbn i≤

sNep-Øp-Ibpw [mcmfw Bcm-[\mI¿a-ß-fn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-Ibpw

sNbvXn-cp-∂p-sh∂v ta¬ kw`-h-Øn¬ \n∂pw a\- n-em-°m-hp-∂-

XmWv. ]hm-N-I≥bpsS Cu tNmZyw A]-Xo-£n-X-ambXn\m¬

A_q-_-°¿ kn±oJv hns‚ Znh-k-ßƒ Bcm-[-\-Ifpw k¬I¿a-

ßfpw sIm≠v \nd-™-Xm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v \ap°v Kln-°mw. ke-

^p- zm-en-lo-ßƒ k¬I¿a-ßƒ sNøp-∂-Xnepw CØcw Imcy-

ßƒ sIm≠v kabw D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xnepw ImWn® ]cn-i-

a-ßƒ G‰hpw DØ-a-amb \ne-bn-ep≈Xmbn-cp-∂p. ke-^p-I-fn¬

s]´ lΩm-Zp_v\pkea CXn -\p -Zm -l-c -W-am -Wv . Camw

A_vZp¿dlvam\n_v\p alvZn ]d™p: ""\nßƒ \msf acn°pw''

F∂v lΩm-Zn-_v\p ke-a-tbmSv ]d-b-s∏-´m¬ (Ct∏mƒ ]h¿Øn-

°p-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ) IqSp-X-embn Hcp I¿ahpw sNøm≥ At±-l-

Øn\v Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.''(knbdp AAveman-∂p-_-em-Av: 7/447).

k¬I¿a-ßƒ sNøp-tºmƒ i≤n-t°≠ Imcy-ßƒ

(F) sNøm≥ [rXn ImWn-°Ww. A√mlp ]d-bp∂p:

"" \nßfpsS c£nXmhn¶¬ \n∂p≈ ]m]tamN\hpw, BImi

`qanItfmfw hnimeamb kz¿Khpw t\SnsbSp°m≥ \nßƒ [rXn-

s∏´v apt∂dpI. [¿a\njvT]men°p∂h¿°pth≠n Hcp°n-sh°-

s∏´XsX AXv.''(Bep- Cw-dm≥: 133)


""\nßfpsS c£nXmhn¶¬ \n∂p≈ ]m]tamN\Ønte°pw

kz¿KØnte°pw \nßƒ ap≥IS∂p hcphn≥. AXns‚ hnkvXmcw

BImiØns‚bpw `qanbpsSbpw hnkvXmcw t]msebmWv. A√m-

lphnepw Ahs‚ ZqX≥amcnepw hnizkn®h¿°p th≠n AXv

k÷oIcn°s∏´ncn°p∂p. AXv A√mlphns‚ A\pK-lasX.

Ah≥ Dt±in°p∂h¿°v AXh≥ \¬Ip∂p. A√mlp alØmb

A\pKlap≈h\mIp∂p''(57:21).

Cu hN-\-ß-fpsS kmcw ]hm-N-I≥bpsS A\p-N-c-∑msc

D’m-ln-∏n-°p-Ibpw I¿a-\n-c-X-cm°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. A\kv_\pam-

enIv¬ \n∂pw Camw apkvenw Xs‚ kzlo-ln¬ D≤-cn-°p-∂p.

_Zv¿ bp≤-Øn¬ apivcn°p-Iƒ apt∂m-´-Sp-Ø-t∏mƒ \_n]d-

™p.""BIm-i- q-an-I-tfmfw hnkvXm-c-ap≈ kz¿K-Ønte°v \nßƒ

Fgp-t∂‰v sN√pI.'' Dssa-dp-_v\p-lnamw F∂ A≥kmcn ]d-

™p. ""Hm ]hm-N-Itc! BIm-i-`q-an-I-tfmfw hnkvXm-c-ap≈

kz¿Ktam?'' ]hm-N-I≥ ]d-™p. ""AsX.'' At±lw ]d-™p:

""AXv hfsc Db¿∂-XmW.v'' ]hm-N-I≥ tNmZn-®p. ""AXv hfsc

Db¿∂-XmWv F∂v ]d-bm≥ Xm¶sf t]cn-∏n-®-sX-¥mWv?''

At±lw ]d-™p: ""H∂p-an√, A√m-lp-hmsW, ]hm-N-I-sc, Rm≥

A°q- -Øn¬ s]Sp∂ Hcm-fm-hWw F∂v Bin-°p-∂p-sh-∂-√msX.''

\_n ]d™p: ""Xm¶ƒ AXn¬ s]´ Hcm-fmhpw.'' At±lw Xs‚

Ioi-bn¬ \n∂pw Hcp Imc-°-sb-SpØv Ign®p XpS-ßn. F∂n´v

]d™p: ""Ch `£n®p Ign-bp-∂-Xp-hsc Rm≥ Pohn-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-

sW-¶n¬ AXv hfsc IqSp-X-em-Wv.'' B Imc° hen-s®-dn™v

bp≤-°-f-Øn-te-°n-dßn h[n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-hsc At±lw t]mcm-

Sn.(apkvenw:1901).

apºv aqkm c£n-Xmhns\ ImWm≥ [rXn ImWn®psIm≠v

]d™p:


""...Fs‚ c£nXmth, \o Xr]vXns∏Sp∂Xn\v th≠nbmWv

Rm≥ \ns‚ ASptØ°v [rXns∏´v h∂ncn°p∂Xv...''(Xzmlm:84).

kI-cnøm \_nsbbpw ]Xv\n-sbbpw ]iwkn-®p-sIm≠v A√m-

lp ]d-bp-∂p:

""At∏mƒ \mw At±lØn\v DØcw \¬Ip-Ibpw, At±l-

Øn\v (aI≥) blvbmsb \mw ]Zm\w sNøpIbpw, At±-lØns‚

`mcysb \mw (K¿`[mcWØn\v) ]m]vXbm°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

Xo¿®bmbpw Ah¿ (]hmNI≥am¿) DØaImcy-ßƒ°v [rXnIm-

Wn°pIbpw, Bin®v sIm≠pw t]Sn®psIm≠pw \tΩmSv

]m¿Yn°pIbpw sNøp∂hcmbncp∂p. Ah¿ \tΩmSv Xmgva

ImWn°p∂hcpambncp∂p''(Aºn-bm-Av: 90).

\_n ]d™p:

""F√m Imcy-Ønepw KmV-ambn ]cym-tem-Nn-°pI.'' as‰mcp

dnt∏m¿´n¬, ""]c-tem-I-Øn-te-°p≈ I¿a-ßsf kw_-‘n®v

HgnsI'' F∂p IqSn-bp-≠v. (A_q-Zm-hqZv 5/175, kzlo-lp¬ Pman-

Av: 3009).

(_n) XpS¿∂p-sIm≠n-cn-°Ww. \_n d∫n¬ \n∂p-≈ JpZvkn-

bmb Hcp lZo-Yn-eqsS ]d™p Xcp-∂p.

""Fs‚ ASna IqSp-X-emb sFOnI I¿a-ßƒ aptJ\ F∂n-

te°v ASp-Øp-sIm-≠n-cn°pw, Rm≥ B ASn-asb kvt\ln-°p-

∂Xp hsc.''(kzlo-lp¬ _pJmcn 6137). "am bkmep' F∂ ]tbm-

Kw XpS¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pI F∂ hnh-£-bmWv \¬Ip-∂Xv. \_n]d-™p:


""\nßƒ l÷pw Dwdbpw XpS¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pI''(Xp¿apZn

810, kn¬kn-e-Øp- z-lo-l: 1200). kzbw \njvIn-bambn amdp∂

Ah-ÿ-bn-te°v t]mhmsX Cuam-\ns\ Icp-Øm¿Pn-∏n-°p-∂Xn\v

CXv kp]-[m\ LS-I-am-Wv. XpS¿®-bmbn \n¿h-ln-°mØ Hcp

henb k¬I¿a-sØ-°mƒ DØ-a-amWv XpS¿®-bmbn \n¿h-ln-

°p∂ Hcp sNdnb k¬I¿aw. [¿a-t_m-[-ap≈ k¬I¿a-ßƒ

XpS¿®bmbn \n¿h-ln-®m¬ Cuam≥ Icp-Øp-‰-Xm-Ipw. \_ntbmSv

tNmZn-°-s∏-´p.

""A√m-ln-hn-¶¬ AXy-[nIw ]nb-s∏-´-Xmb k¬I¿aw

GXmWv?'' At±lw ]d™p: ""XpS¿®-bmbn sNøp∂ I¿aw, AXv

sNdp-Xm-sW-¶nepw.''(_pJm-cn, ^Øvlp¬_m-cn: 11/194).

\_n Fs¥-¶nepw Hcp ]pWy-I¿aw sNbvXm¬ AXv \ne-

\n¿Øp-am-bn-cp-∂p.(apkvenw, InXm-_p- z-em-Øn¬ apkm^n-co≥,

_m_v˛18, lZoYv \º¿: 141).

(kn) ]c-am-h[n sNøm≥ ian-°Ww. lrZ-b-Øns‚ ImTn-\y-Øn\v

NnIn’ \S-Øp-tºmƒ Xm¬°m-enI ]cn-lmcw IW-°m-°-

cp-Xv. ImcWw A¬]-Im-e-tØ°v Cuam≥ h¿[n-°p-Ibpw

]n∂oSv £bn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. AXn-\m¬ Cu NnIn¬k

F∂Xv Hcp \nc-¥c ]cn-i-a-am-bn-cn-°-Ww.

amX-a-√, Bcm-[-\m-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ apgp-Im-≥ ]c-am-h[n ian-®m¬

amXsa ]cn-lmcw D≠m-hp-I-bp-≈q. Bcm-[-\mImcy-ß-fn-ep≈ ASn-

a-I-fpsS ]b-Xv\-sØ-°p-dn®v A√m-lp-hns‚ KŸ-Øn¬ \nc-h[n

]cm-a¿i-ßƒ ImWmw.

""\ΩpsS ZrjvSm¥ßƒ aptJ\ D¬t_m-[\w \¬I-s∏-´m¬

kmjvSmwKw ]W-an-°p-∂-h-cmbn hogp-Ibpw, Xß-fpsS c£n-Xm-


hns\ kvXpXn-®p-sIm≠v ]Io¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h¿ amXsa

\ΩpsS ZrjvSm-¥-ß-fn¬ hniz-kn-°p-I-bp-≈p. Ah¿ Alw-`mhw

\Sn-°p-I-bn-√. `b-tØmSpw ]Xym-i-tbmSpw IqSn Xß-fpsS c£n-

Xm-hn-t\mSv ]m¿Yn-°m-\mbn InS-∂p-d-ßp∂ ÿe-ßƒ hn´v Ah-

cpsS ]m¿iz-ßƒ AI-ep-∂-Xm-Wv. Ah¿°v \mw \¬In-b-Xn¬

\n∂v Ah¿ sNeh-gn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.''(A -PZ:15,16).

""cmXnbn¬ \n∂v A¬]`mKta Ah¿ Ddßmdp≠mbn-cp∂p-

≈q. cmXnbpsS A¥ythfIfn¬ Ah¿ ]m]tamN\w tXSp-∂h-

cmbncp∂p. AhcpsS kzØp°fnemIs´ tNmZn°p∂-h∂pw (D]-

Po-h\w) XSbs∏´h∂pw Hcp AhImiap≠mbncn°p-Ibpw

sNøpw.''(A±m-cn-bmØv :17--- ,19).

ke-^p- zm-en-lo-ßƒ Fß-s\-bmWv ssZh-`-‡cpsS \√

[m¿an-I-Kp-W-ßƒ Ic-ÿ-am-°n-bXv F∂v hmbn®p a\- n-em-°-

Ww. F¶n¬, AXv Hcmsf C_m-Z-Øp-Iƒ A[n-I-cn-∏n-°m≥

klmbn°p-I-bpw, Ah-cpsS amXrI ]n≥]-‰m≥ t]cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw

sNøpw. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v, Jp¿-B-\nse Ggn-sem∂v Ah¿ Znh-

khpw ]mcm-bWw sNbvXn-cp∂p; bp≤-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-ºmƒ

t]mepw Ah-¿ Jnbm-ap-ss√¬ \a-kvI-cn-°pam-bn-cp-∂p. XS-h-d-I-

fn¬ t]mepw Ah¿ Xl-÷pZv \a-kvImcw \n¿h-ln-®n-cp-∂p. Ihn-

fp -I-fn -eqsS IÆoscm-en-∏n-®p-sIm≠pw BIm-i-`q -an -I-fpsS

krjvSn∏ns\-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-®p-sIm≠pw Ah¿ \a-kvI-cn-°p-am-bn-

cp-∂p. Ah-cn-sem-cmƒ Xs‚ mcy Dd-ßp-∂-Xp-hsc Ah-fpsSbSpØv

InS-°pw, Hcp amXmhv Xs‚ Ip™ns\ Dd-°m≥ IqsS-°n-S-Øp-∂-

Xp-t]mse. tijw Fgp-t∂‰v Jnbm-ap-ss√¬ \a-kvI-cn-°pw.

cmXnsb Ah-¿ `mcy-am¿°pw Ah¿°p-an-S-bn¬ hn`-Pn-®p. ]I-

ens\ t\mºv, ]T\w, A[ym-]\w, P\m-k-bn¬ ]s¶Sp-°¬,

tcmKnsb kµ¿in-°¬, Bfp-I-fpsS Bhiyw \n¿h-ln-®p-sIm-Sp-

°¬ F∂n-h-bn¬ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn. Nne¿ h¿j-ß-tfmfw Cam-

ap-samØp≈ XIv_od-Øp¬ Clvdmw \jvS-s∏-Sp-ØmsX Pam-A-

Ømbn \a-kvI-cn®-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp \a-kvIm-c-Øn\v tijw as‰m-


∂n\p th≠n Ah¿ ImØp \n¬°pw. Xs‚ ktlm-Z-c≥ ac-W-

s∏-´m¬ B ktlm-Z-cs‚ Ip´n-Isf ]cn-N-cn-°pw, h¿j-ß-tfmfw

Ah¿°v sNe-hn\v sImSp-°pw. Aßs\ AhcpsS Cuam≥ h¿[n®p-

sIm≠n-cn-°pw.

(Un) aSp-∏phcmsX t\m°Ww: \nc-¥cw Bcm-[-\m-I¿a-ßƒ

A\p-jvTn°p-Ibpw Ign-hns‚ ]c-am-h[n AXn\v i-an-°p-Ibpw

sNøpI F∂Xv ap-jn∏pw aSp∏pw tXm∂p∂ L´-Øn-te°v

sNs∂ØpI F∂-X√ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. adn®v Ignhpw Btcm-

Kyhpw D≈-t∏mƒ ]c-am-h[n Bcm-[-\m-I¿a-ßƒ sNøm≥ ]cn-

i-an-°p-∂-Xn¬ \n∂pw hn´p\n¬°-cpXv F∂mWv Dt±iyw.

£oWhpw a‰p -ap -≈-t∏mƒ Bhp-∂Xv amXw sNøp-I.

\_nbpsS lZo-Yn¬ \n∂pw CXv \ap°v Kln-°mw. \_n]d™p:

""aXw Ffp-∏-am-Wv. Bsc-¶nepw AXns\ kzbw `mc-ap-≈-Xm-

°n-bm¬ AXv Ahs\ Iogvs∏-Sp-Øm-Xn-cn-°p-I-bn√. AXn-\m¬

\nßƒ (Xo-h-am-°msX) t\sc-sNmt∆ \ne-sIm-≈pI, ]q¿W-X-

bn-te°v FØm≥ ian-°pI.''(kzlo-lp¬ _pJmcn : 6099). (Cu

A[ym-b-Øn\v "am bpIvdlp an≥ XivZoZv n¬ C_mZ' (aX-Ønse

Xoh-Xsb hne-°p∂ A[ymbw) F∂mWv Camw _pJm-cn \ma-I-

cWw sNbvXn-cn°p-∂-Xv). A\kv ]d™p:

\_n ]≈n-bn¬ ]th-in-®-t∏mƒ c≠v XqWp-I-fn¬°n-S-bn¬

Hcp Ib¿ sI´n-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv I≠p. At±lw tNmZn-®p. "F¥n-\mWv

Cu Ib¿?' Ah¿ ]d™p: "CXv ssk\-_n-t‚-XmWv, Ah¿ Xf-cp-

tºmƒ CXn¬ ]nSn-°pw.' \_n ]d™p: "th≠, AXv Agn®p

am‰pI. \nß-fn¬ Hcmƒ Dt∑jap-≈nS-tØmfw \a-kvI-cn-°p-I.

£oWw tXm∂n-bm¬, Abmƒ Ccp∂p-sIm-≈-s´.'(_pJmcn: 1099).

A_vZp√m-ln_v\p Awdn_v\p¬ Bkzv cmXn apgp-h≥ \n∂p

\a-kvI-cn-°p-Ibpw Znh-k-ß-tfmfw t\mºv A\p-jvTn-°p-Ibpw

sNøp∂psh∂ hnhcw \_n Adn-™t∏mƒ At±-lsØ AXn¬

\n∂v XS-™p-sIm≠v Cßs\ ]d™p:


""Xm¶ƒ CXv XpS-cp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Xm¶-fpsS IÆp-Iƒ(cmXn

Zo¿L-t\cw Dd-°-samgn°p-∂-Xn-\m¬) Ipgn™pt]m-hp-Ibpw

Xm¶ƒ £oWn-X-\m-hp-Ibpw sNøpw''. \_n]d™p:

""\nßƒ°v sNøm≥ Ign-bp∂X k¬I¿a-ßƒ \nßƒ sNøp-

I, \nßƒ°v aSp-°p-∂Xv hsc. A√mlphn\v aSp-°p-I-bn√. A√m-

lp-hn-¶¬ G‰hpw CjvS-s∏´ I¿aw XpS¿®-bmbn sNøp∂ I¿a-

am-Wv, AXv A¬]-am-sW-¶n¬ t]mepw.''(_pJm-cn, ^Xvvlp¬-

_mcn: 3/38).

(C) \jvS-s∏- h hos≠-Sp°mw. Da-dp-_v\p¬ JXzm-_v dnt∏m¿ v

sNøp-∂p. \_n ]d-™p:

""Hcmƒ cmXn ]mcm-bWw sNtø≠ Jp¿-B≥ hN-\-ßƒ ]mcm-

bWw sNømsX Dd-ßn-t∏m-hp-Ibpw, kp_vlnbpsSbpw Zplvdns‚-

bpw CS-bn-ep≈ ka-bØv AXv ]mcm-bWw sNøp-Ibpw sNbvXm¬,

cmXn Xs∂ ]mcm-bWw sNbvX-Xp-t]mse tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-Spw.''

(\km-Cbpw a‰pw dnt∏m¿´p sNbvXXv. A¬ap-PvX_ 2/68, kzlolp-

¬Pm-an-Av 1228).

BC-i ]d-™p. ""\_n Hcp \a-kvImcw \n¿h-ln-®m¬

AXv \ne\n¿Øpw. £oWtam Dd-°tam a‰p thZ-\tbm ImcWw

cmXn \a-kvImcw (]Xn-s\m∂v dIv-AØv) \jvS-s∏-´m¬ ]I¬

]¥≠v dIvAØv \n¿h-ln°pw'' (AlvaZv 6/95).

\_n Ak¿ \a-kvIm-c-Øn\ptijw c≠v dIvAØv \a-kvI-

cn-°p-∂-Xp I≠v DΩp ke-a tNmZn-®-t∏mƒ \_n ]d-™p.


""A_q Da-ø-bpsS aI-tf, Ak¿ \a-kvIm-c-Øn\p tijw \n¿h-

ln® c≠v dIvAØns\°pdn-®mtWm tNmZn-®-Xv? A_vZp¬ssJ-knse

Nne Bfp-Iƒ Fs‚-b-Sp-°¬ h∂-Xn-\m¬ Zplvdn\v tij-ap≈ c≠v

dIvAØv \a-kvImcw \n¿h-ln-°m≥ km[n-®n--√. Ah-bmWv Cu c≠v

dIvAØv \a-kvImcw.''(_pJmcn, ^Øvlp¬-_mcn: 3/105).

""\_n Zpl-dn\v apºp≈ \mep dIvAØv \a-kvI-cn-°m≥

km[n-°m-Xn-cp-∂m¬ Zpl-dn\v tijw AXv \a-kvI-cn-°p-am-bn-cp-

∂p.'' (kzlo-lp¬ Pman-Av: 4759).

dhm-Øn-_mb kp∂Øv \a-kvIm-c-ßƒ \jvS-s∏-´m¬ AXv

]n∂oSv ho´mw F∂v ta¬ lZo-Yp-Iƒ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. C_v\p¬-

Jønw \_nbpsS iAv-_m-\nse t\mºns\°pdn®v ]d-™p.

""F√m amkhpw aq∂p Znhkw At±lw t\mº-\p-jvSn-®n-cp-∂p.

Nne-t∏mƒ AXv apS-ßn-tb°mw, At∏mƒ \n¿_-‘-amb t\mºn\v

(da-Zm≥) apºmbn iAv_m\n¬ Ah-sb√mw A\p-jvTn-°pw.''

(XlvZo_p kp\\n A_o-Zm-hqZv 3/318). \_n da-fm-\ns‚ Ah-

km-\-sØ ]Øn¬ CAvØnIm^v Ccn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp h¿jw

AXv \jvS-s∏-´m¬ ASpØ h¿jw Ccp-]Xv Znhkw CAvXnIm^v

Ccn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p.(^Xvlp¬ _mcn: 4/285).

(F^v) I¿a-ßƒ kzoI-cn°psa∂ ]Xo-£-tbm-sSm∏w X≈n-

°-f-bptam F∂ `bhpw D≠mhWw. C_m-Z-Øp-Ifpw a‰p

k¬I¿a-ß-fpw ]c-am-h[n \n¿h-ln-°m≥ ]cn-i-an-°p-tºmƒ

B bw \oßp-∂-Xm-Wv. Bbn-i ]d™p: "Rm≥ \_ntbmSv ""a\- n¬ `b-tØmSv IqSn Xßƒ Zm\w sNøp-∂-sX-

√mw Zm\w sNøp-∂-hcpw Btcm....''(apAvan\q≥ : 20) F∂

hN-\-sØ-°p-dn®v tNmZn-®p: ""Ah¿ aZy-]n-°p-Ibpw tamjvSn-

°p-Ibpw sNbvX-h-cmtWm?'' \_n ]d™p:


""A√, kn±o-Jns‚ aIsf, Ah¿ \a-kvI-cn-°p-Ibpw t\mºv

t\m¬°p-Ibpw Zm\-[¿a-ßƒ sNøp-Ibpw sNøp∂h-cmWv˛ Cu

I¿a-ßƒ Xß-fn¬ \n∂v kzoI-cn-°-s∏-Sptam F∂ `b-tØmSp

IqSn.'' ""Ah-csX \∑-I-fn¬ [rXn-s∏´v apt∂-dn-b-h¿....''(23:61).

(Xp¿apZn 3175, kn¬kn-e-Øp-kz-lol 1/162). A_q-Z¿Zm-Av]d™p: ""\n w-ibw A√mlp F∂n¬ \n∂pw Hcp \a-kvImcw

kzoI-cn-°p-∂Xv Cu temIsØ°mfpw AXn-ep≈Xns\°mfpw

F\n°v ]nb-¶-c-am-b-XmWv. Imc-Ww, A√mlp ]d-™p: ""(\_ntb,)

\o Ah¿°v BZans‚ c≠p]pX≥amcpsS hrØm¥w kXy]Imcw

]d-™ptIƒ∏n°pI: Ah¿ Ccphcpw Hmtcm _enb¿∏n® kµ-

¿`w, Hcmfn¬ \n∂v _en kzoIcn°s∏´p. a‰h\n¬ \n∂v kzoIcn-

°-s∏ń√. a‰h≥ ]d™p: Rm≥ \ns∂ sImes∏SpØpI Xs∂

sNøpw. Ah≥ (_enkzoIcn°s∏´h≥) ]d™p: [¿Ω\n-jvTbp-

≈hcn¬ \n∂p amXta A√mlp kzoIcn°pIbp≈q.''(5:27). (X v-

kodp_v\p IYo¿ 3/67). hnizm-kn-bpsS e£-W-ß-fn¬s]´-Xm-Wv

A√m-lp-hn-t\mSp≈ _m[y-X-Iƒ \n¿h-ln-°p∂Xn¬ kz¥sØ

\n m-c-ambn ImWpI F∂-Xv. (AXm-b-Xv \√-t]mse sNbvXn-ń-

√, ]q¿W-ambn A\p-jvTn-®n-ń√ F∂ Nn¥). \_n ]d™p:

""A√m-lp-hns‚ ]oXn°v th≠n Hcmƒ P\\w apX¬ hm¿[-

Iyw _m[n®v acn°p∂Xv hscbpw apJw \ne-Øn-g-™p-sIm≠v

hen-°p-I-bm-sW-¶nepw Xm≥ sNbvXXv \n mcam-sW∂v A¥y-

\m-fn¬ Abmƒ°v tXm∂pw.''(Camw AlvaZv ˛ A¬apkv\Zv 4/184,

kzlo-lp¬ Pman-Av: 5249).

A√m-lp-hns\ Adn-bp-Ibpw kz¥-sØ-°p-dn®v Xncn-®-dnhv t\Sp-

Ibpw sNbvX-h\v hy‡-amIpw; Xs‚ I¿a-ßƒ aXn-bm-b-X√ F-

∂v. a\p-jy-˛-Pn∂v h¿§-ß-fpsS apgp-h≥ I¿a-ßƒ sIm≠p h∂m-

epw k¿thm-∂-X-\mb A√mlp Ahs‚ Imcp-Wyhpw Zbbpw

sIm≠mWv B I¿aw kzoI-cn-°p-I. Ahs‚ Zbbpw Imcp-Wyhpw

sIm≠v AXn\v ]Xn-êw \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

6. hnhn-[-X-c-Øn-ep≈ Bcm-[-\mI¿a-ßƒ sNøp-I: hyXy-kvX-

amb Bcm-[-\m-I¿a-ßƒ A√mlp \ap°v \n›-bn®p X∂p-


sh∂Xv Ahs‚ Imcp-Wy-Øns‚ Hcp mKhpw Ahs‚ bp‡n-

bp-amWv. \a-kvImcw t]mse-bp≈h imco-cn-Ihpw kImØv

kmº-Øn-I-hpw. l÷v t]mse-bp≈h kmº-Øn-Ihpw imco-

cn-Ihpamb `mh-ßƒ tN¿∂-Xm-Wv. ZnIvdp-Ifpw ZpB-Ifpw

t]mse-bp-≈h \mhp-sIm-≠p≈ Bcm-[-\-bm-Wv. Nne Bcm-

[-\-Isf \n¿_-‘-sa∂pw sFOn-Isa∂pw c≠mbn Xncn-®n-

cn-°p-∂p. ChbpsS tijvT-X-Iƒ hyXy-kvX-am-bn-cn-°pw. NneXv

]m[m\yw Ipd-™-h-bmWv. Ak-dn\v apºp≈ \mev dIv-AØv

\a-kvImcw, fplm \a-kvImcw t]mse-bp-≈h. NneXv

]m[m\yw IqSn-b-h-bm-Wv; cmXn \a-kvImcw t]mse. Cu \a-

kvImcw Xs∂ ]e coXn-bn¬ \a-kvI-cn-°mw. c≠pw c≠pw

hoXw, As√-¶n¬ \mepw \mepw hoXw F∂n-ß-s\. H‰-bmbn

Ah-km-\n-°p∂ hn[w hnXv¿ \a-kvImcw At©m, Gtgm,

Hº-tXm Bhmw. Bcm-[-\m-I¿a-ßƒ A\p-jvTn-°m≥ ian-

°p-∂-h¿°v hnhn[ FÆhpw coXnbpw ka-bhpw am¿Khpw

hn[n-Ifpsams° ImWm≥ Ignbpw. B¿°pw apjn∏v hcn-I-bn-

√ F∂-XmWv CXns‚ ]tXy-I-X, adn®v Abm-fpsS Xm¬]cyw

\nc-¥cw \ho-I-cn-°-s∏Spw. P\-ßƒ F√m-hcpw Hcp-t]m-se-

b√; F√m-h¿°pw Hcpt]m-se-bp≈ Ign-hp-Itfm t]c-I-ßtfm

C√. Nne¿ a‰p-≈-h-sc-°mƒ IqSp-X¬ Bcm-[-\m-I¿a-ß-fn¬

apgp-Ip-∂-h-cm-bn-cn-°pw. Xmsg sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ lZo-Yn¬ ]d-

™-Xp-t]mse hyXykvX Bcm-[-\-I-fn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-∂-h¿°v

kz¿K-Øn¬ Ihm-S-ßƒ G¿s∏-Sp-Ønb \mY\v k¿h-kvXp-

Xn-bpw. \_n]d-bp∂p:

""Bsc-¶nepw c≠v CW-Iƒ°v A√m-lp-hns‚ am¿K-Øn¬

sNe-hv \¬In-bm¬ kz¿K-Øns‚ Ihm-S-ßfn¬ \n∂pw hnfn-°-

s∏Spw. "Hm A√m-lp-hns‚ Zmkm, CXv \∑-bm-Wv.' Bsc-¶nepw

\a-kvI-cn-°p-∂-h-cn¬ s]´-h-\m-sW-¶n¬ \a-kvImcØns‚ Ihm-

S-Øn-eqsS hnfn-°-s∏-Spw. B¿ Pnlm-Zns‚ Bfp-I-fn¬ s]´-h-\m-


tWm, Ah≥ Pnlm-Zns‚ Ihm-S-Øn-eqsS hnfn-°-s∏-Spw. Bsc-

¶nepw t\mºns‚ Bfp-I-fn¬s∏´-h-\msW¶n¬ Ah≥ t\mºn-

s‚ Ihm-S-Øn-eqsS hnfn-°-s∏-Spw. B¿ Zm\-[¿a-Øns‚ Bfp-I-

fn¬s]´-h-\mtWm Ah¿ Zm\-[¿a-Øns‚ Ihm-S-Øn-eqsS hnfn-

°-s∏Spw.''(_pJm-cn, 1798).

Cu ]d-b-s∏-´-Xns‚ Dt±iyw hyXy-kvX-amb [mcmfw sFOn-

I- I¿a-ßsf Ipdn-®m-Wv. \n¿_‘Imcy-ß-fn¬ (CjvSm-\p-k-cWw)

sXc-™-Sp-°m-\p≈ bmsXmcp ]gp-Xp-an-√. F√m-hcpw AXv \n¿h-

ln-°-Ww. \_n as‰m-cn-°¬ ]d™p:

""]nXmhv kz¿K-Øns‚ a[yIhm-S-amWv.''(Xp¿apZn 1900, kzlo-

lp¬ Pman-Av: 7145). AXm-bXv, amXm-]n-Xm-°sf _lp-am-\n-°p-

Ibpw BZ-cn-°p-Ibpw sNø-Ww. Cuam-\ns‚ Zp¿_-eX°p≈

NnIn¬k-bn¬ Cu hyXy-kvX-X-I-sfms° ]tbm-P-\-I-c-am-Wv; Imc-

Ww, Hcmƒ°v IqSp-X¬ Xm¬]-cy-ap≈ taJ-e-bn¬ I¿a-ßƒ A[n-

I-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw AtXm-sSm∏w A√mlp I¬]n® \n¿_-‘-amb

I¿a-ßƒ XpS¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-Ibpw sNømw. Bcm-[-\m-I¿a-

ßsf ]Xn-]m-Zn-∏n-°p∂ KŸ-ßƒ ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬, Bflm-hn\v

at\m-l-c-amb KpW-ßfp-≠m-°p∂ AXn-hn-in-jvSamb C_m-Z-Øp-

Iƒ ImWm≥ Ign-bpw. Cu Hcp ÿnXn-hn-tijw thsdm-cn-SØpw

\ap°v ImWm≥ Ign-bn-√. c≠v DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ ImWp-I.

A_q-Z¿ZmAv dnt∏m¿´v sNøp-∂p. \_n ]d-™p.

""aq∂v Bfp-Isf A√m-lp kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw aq∂v Bfp-Isf

A√mlp shdp-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. A√mlp kvt\ln-°p∂ Bfp-

Iƒ˛(1) iXp-°-fpsS ap∂n¬ acWw hsc t]mcm-Sn-s°m-≠n-cn-

°p∂ Hcp a\p-jy≥, As√-¶n¬ iXp-°-fpsS sNdpØp \n¬]v


t`Zn-®p-sIm≠v Xs‚ A\p-bm-bn-I-ƒ°v hnPbw kΩm-\n-°p∂ Bƒ.

(2) cmXn k©-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Bfp-Iƒ Zo¿L-k-a-b-Øn\p

tijw Dd-ßm-\mbn Xmh-f-ap-≠m-°p-tºmƒ (a‰p-≈-hsc bmX-°p-

th≠n hnfn®v DW¿Øp∂Xp hsc) amdn \n∂v ]m¿Yn-®p-

sIm≠ncn°p∂ Hcmƒ. (3) Ab¬hmkn iey-s∏-SpØp-tºmƒ ac-

Wtam c≠m-sem-cmƒ hn´p-t]m-hp-Itbm sNøp-∂Xv hsc D]-Z-h-

ßƒ kln-°p-Ibpw £an-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ a\p-jy≥.''(apkv\Zv

AlvaZv 5/151, kzlo-lp¬ Pman-Av: 3074).

Xs‚ lrZbw ISp-Øp-t]mbn F∂ ]cm-Xn-bp-ambn \_nbpsS

ASp-°¬ Hcmƒ h∂p. \_n At±-l-tØmSv ]d-™p:

""Xm¶-fpsS lrZbw arZp-e-am-h-W-sa∂pw Bh-iy-ßƒ \nd-th-d-

W-sa∂pw BK-l-apt≠m? F¶n¬ A\m-Y-tbmSv Icp-W-Im-Wn-°p-

I-bpw A\m-YbpsS inc- n¬ Xtem-Sp-Ibpw \nß-fpsS £-W-Øn¬

\n∂pw Ahsc £n-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I. F¶n¬ \nß-fpsS lrZbw

arZp-e-am-hpIbpw Bh-iy-ßƒ \nd-th-dp-Ibpw sNøpw. ''(Xz_vdm-\n,

CXns\ _e-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ°v A¬_m-\n-bpsS kn¬kn-

eØp zlol: 2/533 ImWpI). Zp¿_e Cuam-\ns\ ssIImcyw

sNøpI F∂ hnj-b-Øn¬ CXn\v ]k-‡n-bp-≠v.

7. tami-amb ]cy-h-km-\sØ `b-s∏-Sp-I: ImcWw Cu `bw

A√mlphnt\m-Sp≈ C_m-Z-Øp-Iƒ \n¿h-ln-°m\pw lrZ-b-

Øn-se Cuam-\ns\ \ho-I-cn°m\pw t]cn-∏n-°pw. Cuam-\ns‚

Zp¿_-eX, ]m]-ß-fn¬ AI-s∏-SpI XpS-ßn tami-amb ]cy-h-

km-\ØnseØn-°p∂ \nc-h[n Imc-W-ß-fp-≠v. \_n CXn\v

DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ hnh-cn®p X∂n-´p-≠v.

""Hcmƒ Hcp Ccp-ºns‚ Bbp[w D]-tbm-Kn®v Bfl-lXy

sNbvXm¬, Iøn¬ Ccp-ºns‚ Bbp-[-hp-ambn kzbw IpØn-sIm≠v


\c-Im-·n-bn¬ imiz-X-hm-kn-bm-hpw. Bsc-¶nepw hnjw Ign®v

Bfl-lXy sNbvXm¬ hnjw Cd-°p∂ Ah-ÿ-bn¬ imiz-X-ambn

\c-Im-·n-bn¬ Ign-tb≠n hcpw. Bsc-¶nepw ]¿h-X-Øns‚ apI-

fn¬ \n∂pw NmSn Bfl-l-Xy sNbvXm¬, imiz-X-ambn ae-bn¬

\n∂pw NmSp∂ Ah-ÿ-bn¬ \c-Im-·n-bn¬ Ign-tb-≠n-h-

cpw.''(apkvenw:109).

CXp-t]mep≈ Nne kw`-h-ßƒ \_nbpsS ImeØpw D≠m-

bn- p-≠v. apkvenw ssk\y-Øn¬s]´ Hcmƒ hfsc Bth-i-tØmsS

]S-°-f-Øn¬ t]mcm-Sn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. \_n ]d™p:

""Abmƒ \c-I-Øn¬ s]´ BfmWv.'' hnizm-kn-I-fn¬s]´

Hcmƒ Abmsf ]n¥p-S¿∂p. ico-c-am-k-Iew apdn-hp-I-fp-ambn ac-

W-Øn-te°v [rXn-s∏´v Xs‚ hmƒ s\©n\v t\sc h®v AXn-

te°v Aa¿∂p-sIm≠v Abmƒ Bfl-lXy sNbvXp.(_pJmcn,

^Øvlp¬_mcn: 7/471).

tami-amb ]cy-h-km\w t\cn´ \nc-h[n Bfp-I-fpsS kw`h-

ßƒ ]fin-X-∑m¿ hni-Zo-I-cn-®n- p-≠v. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v C_v\p¬J-

ønw "A±mDh±hm-Av' F∂ KŸ-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂p: ""Hcmƒ acn-

°p∂ ka-bØv "emC-eml C√√mlv' F∂v D®-cn-°m≥ ]d-™-

t∏mƒ "F\n°v ]d-bm≥ Ign-bn√' F∂v adp-]Sn ]d-™p. as‰m-cm-

tfmSv "emC-eml C√√mlv' F∂v D®-cn-°m≥ ]d-™-t∏mƒ Abmƒ

aqfn-∏m´v ]mSm≥ XpS-ßn. Xs‚ I®-h-S-Øn-ep≈ i≤ A√m-lp-

hns‚ kvac-W-bn¬ \n∂pw ad-∏n®p If-™ I®-h-S-°m-c-t\mSv ac-

W-k-a-bØv "emC-em-l-C-√√mlv' F∂v ]d-bm≥ ]d-™-t∏mƒ

""CXv \√ Nc-°mWv, CXv \nßƒ°v ]mI-am-Wv. CXv \√ em`-I-

c-am-Wv; F∂n-ßs\ acn°p-∂Xv hsc ]d-™p-sIm-≠n-cp∂p.''(Xzco-

Jp¬ lnPvd-ssX≥˛308). \mkzn¿ F∂ `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bpsS Hcp

`S-t\mSv acWmk∂ ka-bØv "emC-em-l-C-√√mlv' F∂v ]dbq

F∂v aI≥ ]d-™-t∏mƒ "\mkzn¿ Fs‚ bP-am-\-\mWv' F∂v

]d-™p. aI≥ ho≠pw ho≠pw Bh¿Øn-®-t∏mgpw "\mkzn¿ Fs‚

bP-am-\-\mWv' F∂v ]d-™p-sIm-t≠-bn-cp-∂p. Aßs\ Abmƒ

acn-®p. as‰mcp hy‡n-tbmSv "emC-em-l-C-√√mlv' F∂v D®-cn-°m≥


]d™t∏mƒ ""B ho´n¬ AXv icn-bm-°pI, B tXm´-Øn¬ CXv

sNøp-I, AXp sNøpI'' F∂p ]d-™p. ]en-i-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´

BtfmSv "emC-em-l-C-√√mlv' F∂v D®-cn-°m≥ ]d-™-t∏mƒ

"]Øn\v ]Xn-s\m∂v' F∂v acn-°p-∂-Xp-hsc ]d™p sIm≠n-cp-

∂p.''(A±mDh±hm-Av, 170,289). Nne¿ IdpØpt]mbn, Nne¿

Jn_vebn¬ \n∂p Xncn-™pI-f-™p. C_v\p¬ Pukn ]d™p:

""ac-W-Øns‚ cmXn-bn¬ [mcmfw \√ hmNIßƒ ]d-bp-sa∂v

]Xo-£n-®n-cp∂ hy‡n-bn-¬ \n∂pw tI -Xv ""F‚ \mY≥ Ft∂mSv

A\o-Xn ]h¿Øn-®p'' F∂mWv. Abmƒ ]d-™-Xn¬ \n∂pw

FXtbm D∂-X\pw alm-\p-amWv A√m-lp. ]t£, ac-W-th-f-bn¬

A√mlp A\oXn ImWn-®p-sh∂v ]d™v Abmƒ Bt£-]n-®p.

tijw Pukn]d™p: ""ac-W-Øns‚ B Znh-ksØ ImWp-

tºmƒ Fs∂ klm-bn-°p∂ Fs¥-¶nepw D≠m-hptam Ft∂m¿-

Øv hnj-ahpw ss\cm-iyhpw _m[n® Ah-ÿ-bn¬ Rm≥ \ne-

sIm-≈p∂p.'' (kzbvZp¬ Jhm-Øn¿, 137). kp_vlm\-√mlv, Bfp-

Iƒ ]e-t∏mgpw CXv ImWp-∂p. ]t£, ac-W-s∏´p- t]m-Ip∂-h¿°v

bYm¿Y-Øn¬ F¥mWv kw -hn-®Xv F∂v Ah¿°-dn-bn-√. (A±mD-

h±hm-Av 171).

8. Ft∏mgpw ac-W-sØ-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-°p-I. \_n ]d™p:

""B\-µ-Øns‚ A¥-Is\, AXm-bXv ac-W-sØ, \nßƒ

Ft∏mgpw Hm¿°p-I.'' (Xn¿apZn: 2307, kzlo-lp¬ Pman-Av: 1210).

ac-W-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Nn¥ Xn∑-bn¬ \n∂pw \sΩ XS-™p \n¿Øp-

Ibpw ITn\ lrZ-bsØ teme-am-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. ]bm-k-ß-

fpsS ka-bØv ac-W-sØ-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-®m¬ Bizmkw tXm∂m-

Øhcmbn Bcpan√. kpJ-ku-I-cy-ß-fpsS ka-bØv ac-WsØ-

°pdn®v Nn¥n-®m¬ sRcp°w tXm∂m-Ø-h-cmbn Bcpan√. ac-W-

sØ-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-°m≥ t]cn-∏n-°p∂ Imcy-ß-fn-sem-∂m-Wv J_¿

kµ¿i-\w. AXn-\m¬ J_¿ kµ¿in-°m≥ \_n \tΩmSv

I¬]n°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. \_n ]d-™p:


""Rm≥ \nß-tfmSv J_-dp-Iƒ kµ¿in-°p-∂-Xns\ hne-°n-

bn-cp∂p. F∂m¬ Ct∏mƒ \nß-fXv \n¿h-ln-®p-sIm-≈p-I. ImcWw

AXv lrZbw arZp-e-am°pw, IÆp-I-sf Ic-bn-∏n-°pw, ac-Wm-\-

¥csØ-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-∏n-°pw, Ak-`y-amb coXn-bn¬ \nßƒ

kwkm-cn-°p-I-bn√.''(lmInw: 1/376, kzlo-lp¬ Pman-Av: 4584).

Im^n-dp-I-fsS I_-dp-Iƒ kµ¿in-°m\pw apkvenwIƒ°v A\p-

hm-Z-ap-≠v. AXn¬ \n∂pw ]mTw Dƒs°m-≈p-hm≥ th≠n. \_nDΩ-bpsS J_-dn-\-cn-In¬ t]mbn Ic-bp-Ibpw Np‰p-ap-≈-hsc Ic-

bn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvX kw`hw kzlo-lmbn dnt∏m¿´v sNø-s∏-´n-

´p-≠v. \_n ]d™p:

""Fs‚ c£nXm-hn-t\mSv amXm-hn\v th≠n s]mdp-°-ens\tØ-

Sm≥ Rm≥ A\p-hmZw tNmZn-®p. ]s£, Ah≥ Fs∂ A\p-h-Zn-

®n-√. DΩ-bpsS J_¿ kµ¿in-°m≥ A\p-hmZw tNmZn-®p. At∏mƒ

A√mlp F\n°v A\p-hmZw \¬In. AXn-\m¬ \nßƒ I_-dp-

Iƒ kµ¿in-°p-I, ImcWw AXv ac-WsØ Hm¿Ωn-∏n°pw.'' (apkv-

enw: 3/65).

J_v¿ kµ¿i\w lrZ-bsØ im¥-am-°p∂ Imcy-ß-fn¬ H-

∂m-Wv. kµ¿in°p∂ Bƒ°v ac-W-sØ-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-®-Xns‚

KpWw e`n-°pw. ac-W-s∏´ hy‡n°v, At±-l-Øn\v th≠n sNbvX

]m¿Y-\-I-fn¬ \n∂pw KpWw e`n-°pw. J_¿ kµ¿i\-th-f-bn¬

Xmsg sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ ]m¿Y\ sNm√p-∂Xv ]hm-NI Ncy-bn¬

s]´-Xm-Wv.

""\nßƒ°v kam-[m-\-ap-≠m-hs´; Hm apkvenwI-fpw apAvan\p-I-

fp-amb Chn-SpsØ \nhm-kn-Itf. apºv IS-∂p-t]m-b-h¿°pw C\nbpw

IS-∂p-t]m-hm-\p-≈-h¿°pw A√mlp IcpW sNø-s´. C≥im-A-

√mlv Rßfpw \nß-tfm-sSm∏w IqSp-∂-Xm-Wv.''(apkvenw:974).

J_¿ kµ¿in-°p-∂Xv AXns‚ hn[n-hn-e-°p-Iƒ ]men®p-

sIm≠m-h-Ww. icn-bmb a\-km-∂n≤ytØmsS-bpam-bn-cn-°-Ww.


A√m-lp-hns‚ ]oXnbpw kwXr-]vXnbpw Imw£n-®p-sIm≠pw Zpjn-

® a\- ns\ NnIn¬kn-°p-hm\pw aÆn-\-Sn-bn¬ t]mb-h-cn¬ \n∂v

]mT-apƒs°m-≈m\pw IpSpw-_-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw CjvS-s∏-´-h-cn¬

\n∂pw Xm≥ AI∂p t]mIpsa∂p Nn¥n°m-\p-am-bn-cn-°Ww B

kµ¿i\w. ap≥ Ign-™p-t]mb Xs‚ ktlm-Z-c-ß-fpsS Ah-

ÿsb°pdn®v Nn¥n-°-Ww. ùXn-I-amb kºØpw kpJ-ku-I-

cy-ßfpw Ah¿ kºm-Zn®p Iqń. ]t£, AXn¬ \ns∂√mw th¿-

s]´v Xs‚ kºØpsIm≠v bmsXmcp ]tbm-P-\-hp-an-√mØ Ah-

ÿ-bn-te°v t]mbn. Ah-cpsS kuµcyw qan XpS®p \o°n. icocw

I_-dp-Iƒ°p-≈n¬ Zhn-®p-t]mbn. `mcy-am¿ hn[-h-I-fmbn. a°ƒ

A\m-Y-cmbn. sFlnI hn`-h-ß-ƒ, Btcm-Kyw, bph-Xzw, hni-a-

th-f-I-ƒ F∂n-h-tbm-sS-ms°-bp≈ AanXamb BKlw, Ch-bpsS

Zqjy-ß-sf-°p-dn®v \mw Nn¥n-°p-I.

Bsc-¶nepw ac-W-sØ-°p-dn®v \nc-¥cw Nn¥n-®m¬ aq∂p hn[-

Øn¬ AXv ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Spw: ""]›m-Ø-]n-°m≥ [rXn-s∏-Spw, e`n®

A\p-K-l-ß-fn¬ k¥p-jvS-\m-Ipw, Bcm-[-\m-I¿a-ß-fn¬ kPo-h-

amIpw.'' ac-W-sØ- ad-°p∂ Hcp-h≥ aq∂p-hn-[-Øn¬ \in-∏n-°-

s∏-Spw: ""]›m-Ø-]n-°m≥ sshIn-t∏m-Ipw, AXym-hiyw th≠-

XvsIm≠v k¥p-jvS-\m-hp-I-bn-√, C_m-Z-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ Ae-

k-\m-bn-cn°pw.'' a\-kns\ kzm[o\n-°p∂ Imcy-ß-fn¬ s] -XmWv

ac-W-mk-∂-am-b-hsc kµ¿in-°p-I, ac-W-s∏-´-hsc kµ¿in-°p-

I, ac-W-th-Z\ A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-hsc kµ¿in-°p-I, Hcmƒ ac-W-

s∏-´m¬ Fß-s\-bmWv Abmƒ acW-s∏-Sp-∂sX∂v Nn¥n-°p-I

XpS-ßn-bh. Cu Nn¥-I-ƒ \nc¿Y-I-amb hnt\m-Z-ß-sf Ah-km-

\n-∏n-°pw.cmXn-bn¬(\a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ apgpIn) DW¿∂n-cn-°m\pw

\∑-Iƒ°mbn ]c-am-h[n ]cn-i-an-°m\pw Ahs\ t]cn-∏n-°pw.

lk-\p¬ _kzcn Hcn°¬ Hcp tcmK-k-µ¿i-\-Øn-\mbn

t]mbn. ac-W-th-Z-\-sIm≠v Zpcn-X-a-\p-`-hn-°p∂ Bƒ°v D≠mb

imco-cnI thZ\ t\cn¬ I≠p. hoń¬ \n∂pw ]pd-s∏-Sptºmgp-

≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xn¬\n∂v hyXy-kvX-amb \nd-tØm-sS-bmWv At±lw

XncnsI sN∂-Xv. ho´pIm¿ ]d™p: ""Xm¶ƒ h∂p `£Ww Ign-

°p-I, A√mlp Xm¶-fpsS ta¬ IcpW sNmcn-b-s´''. At±lw ]d-

™p: ""Hm Fs‚ IpSpw-_ta \nßƒ IpSn-°p-Ibpw Ign-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXpsIm≈pI. Rm≥ Hcm-fpsS ac-WsØ I≠p. AXv t\cn¬


ImWp-∂Xv hsc Rm≥ Fs‚ ]h¿Ø\w \ndp-Øp-I-bn√.''(AØ-

ZvIn-d˛17).

ac-W-sØ-°p-dn®v ]q¿W-t_m-[ap≠m°p∂ as‰mcp am¿Kw

J_-d-S-°-ß-fn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-Ibpw P\mk kzbw Npa-en¬ h®v

sIm≠v t]mhp-Ibpw J_-dp-Iƒ kµ¿in°pIbpw J_dS-°p∂

NS-ßn¬ ]¶m-fn-bm-hp-Ibpw kz¥w ssIsIm≠v aÆv J_-dn-te°v

CSp-I-bp-sams° sNøpI F∂-Xm-Wv. CXv aptJ\ ]c-temI Nn¥-

bp-≠m-hpw. \_n]d™p:

""tcmKn-sb kµ¿in-°p-I, P\m-k-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNøp-

I. CXv \nßsf ]c-tem-IsØ°pdn®v Hm¿a-s∏-SpØpw.''(AlvaZv

3/48, kzlo-lp¬ Pman-Av: 4109). P\m-k-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp°p∂Xv [mcmfw

]pWyw e`n-°m\pw \nan-Ø-amIpw. \_n ]d-™p:

""Bsc-¶nepw (ac-W-s∏´ hy‡n-bpsS) hoń¬ sN∂v P\m-k-

bn¬ ]s¶-Sp°pIbpw (as‰mcp dnt∏m¿ń¬, hnizm-k-tØmSpw ]Xn-

^-ew ]Xo-£n-®p-sIm≠pw Bsc-¶nepw Hcp apkvenans‚ aønØv

kwkvI-c-W-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-Øm¬) ac-W-s∏´ Bƒ°p-th≠n \a-

kvI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬ Abmƒ°v Hcp JodmØv ]Xn-êw

D≠v; Bsc-¶nepw J_-d-S-°p-∂-Xp -hsc ]s¶-Sp-Øm¬ Abmƒ°v

c≠v JodmØv ]Xn-^-e-ap-≠v.'' At∏mƒ tNmZn-°-s∏-´p: ""Hm ]hm-

N-Itc, F¥mWo c≠v JodmØv?'' \_n ]d-™p. ""c≠v henb

]¿h-X-ßƒ t]msebp≈ (]Xn- ew).''(as‰mcp dnt∏m¿ń¬, ""Hmtcm

JodmØpw DlvZv ae-tbmfw hcpw.'') ([mcmfw dnt∏m¿´p-I-fn¬ h∂-

Xv Alv-Imw A¬ P\m-Ckv A¬_m\n t]Pv: 67).

ke-^p- zm-en-lo-ßƒ Hcmsf Xn∑bn¬\n∂v hne-°p-tºmƒ

ac-W-sØ-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. as‰m-cmsf°pdn®v A\m-hiyw

]d™ Hcm-sf Hcp ap≥Kman Cßs\ D]-tZ-in-®p: ""\nß-fpsS

IÆpI-fn¬ ]™n Ib-‰n-sh-°p-∂Xv \nßƒ Hm¿°pI.''.


9. ]c-tem-I-Po-hn-X-Ønse hnhn[ Xc-Øn-ep≈ ]Z-hn-I-sf-°p-

dn®v Hm¿°p-I. C_v\p¬ Jønw ]d-™p: Abmƒ°v Dƒ°m-

gvN-bp-≠mIpw; kz¿K-sØ-°p-dn®pw \c-I-sØ-°p-dn-®pap≈

hmKvZm-\-ßfpw ap∂-dn-bn-∏p-Ifpw A√m-lp-hns‚ anX-ßƒ°pw

iXp-°ƒ°pw Fs¥m-s°-bmWv Hcp-°n-sh-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂-

Xns\°pdn®v Nn¥n-°m≥ DX-Ip-∂-Xmb Hcp shfn®w lrZ-b-

Øn-ep-≠m-hpw. J_-dp-I-fn¬ \n∂pw Bfp-Iƒ Db¿Ø-s∏-Sp-

∂Xpw ]c-am¿Y-am-Ip∂ hnfn-bn-te°v [rXn-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw BIm-

i-Øp-\n∂pw ae-°p-Iƒ Cdßnh∂p Ahsc hebw sNøp-

∂Xpw \ymb-hn-[n-°mbn A√m-lp- Ahs‚ knwlm-k-\-

Ønte°v hcp-∂Xpw Ahs‚ ]Imiw `qan-bn-emsI ]c-°p-

∂Xpw KŸ-sØ-°p-dn® ]Xn-]m-Z-\hpw F√mw Nn¥°v ]mX-

am-I-Ww. ]hm-N-I-∑mcpw ipl-Zm-°fpw B\-bn°s∏-SpIbpw

tcJ-Iƒ DS-a-ÿ-cpsS ssII-fn-te°v \¬Is∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-

∂p. X¿°n°p-∂-h¿ Hcp-an®p Iq´-s∏-Sp-∂p. F√m _m[y-X-

°m-c\pw Xt‚ ZmXm-hn-t\mSv IS-s∏- n-cn-°pw. P\-ßƒ lufp¬

IuY¿ ImWp-Ibpw AXns‚ tIm∏-I-fpsS ASp-tØ°v \oßp-

Ibpw sNøpw. ITn-\-amb Zml-ap-s≠-¶n¬ t]mepw A¬]w

Bfp-Iƒ°-√msX AXn¬ \n∂v IpSn-°m≥ A\p-hmZw D≠m-

hp-I-bn-√. kzndmØv F∂ ]mew sIm≠p-h-c-s∏-Sp-Ibpw AXv

IS∂p t]mhm≥ Bfp-Iƒ [rXn-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøpw. ]me-Øn¬

Iqcm-Iq-cn-cp-´m-hp-Ibpw ]Imiw ]¶psh®v A\p-`-hn-°p-Ibpw

sNøpw. \c-Im-·n -]m-e-Øn-\-Sn-bn-ep-≈-hsc Im¿∂p Xn∂pw.

[mcmfw Bfp-Iƒ B Xobn-te°v B]-Xn°pw. c£-s∏-Sp-∂-

hsc-°mƒ FXtbm aSßv IqSp-X-emhpw AXv. ta¬]-d-b-s∏´

Imcy-ßsf√mw Hcm-fpsS D≈n¬ Z¿in-®m¬, ]c-tem-I-Ønse

GsX-¶nepw Hcp Ahÿ Ahs‚ a\- n¬ Xßn \n¬°pw.

(aZm-cnPpkzm-en-lo≥ 1/2).

A¥y-Zn-\-Øns‚ Ah-ÿ-I-sf-°p-dn®v Jp¿-B≥ [mcmfw ]Xn-

]m-Zn-°p-∂p≠v. Jm^v, A¬hm-JnA, A¬Jn-bm-a, A¬ap¿k-

emØv, A∂-_-Av, A¬apXz-^v^n-^o≥, AØIvho¿ F∂o kqd-

Øp-I-ƒ CXn-\p-th≠n ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂Xv \∂v. lZokv KŸ-ß-

fnse A¬Jn-bma(]p\-cp∞m\w), A¿cn-Jm-Jv(lrZ-bsØ km¥z-


\n-∏n-°p∂ h¿Ø-am\w), A¬-˛-P∂ (kz¿Kw), A∂m¿(\cIw)

F∂n-ß-s\bp≈ A[ym-b-ß-fn¬ Ch hnh-cn-°p-∂p. ]fin-X-

∑m-cpsS C∆n-j-b-I-ambn´p≈ KŸ-ßƒ hmbn-t°-≠Xv hfsc

AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v C_v\p¬Jønw cNn® "lmZn¬

A¿hmlv,' C_v\pI-Yo-dns‚ ""A∂nlmb ^n¬ ^nX≥ h¬

aemlnw,'' Jp¿Xzp-_n-bpsS ""AØ-ZvJndØp ^o Alvhmen¬au-

Øm h Daq-cn¬ BJnd'', Da-dp¬ AivJ-dn‚ ""A¬P-∂Xp h∂m¿,''

""A¬Jn-bm-a-Xp¬ Ip_vd'' XpS-ßn-b-h. Cuam≥ h¿[n-∏n-°m≥ DX-

Ip∂ Imcy-ß-fn¬ H∂mWv A¥y-Zn-\-Øn-sebpw hnNm-c-W-bp-

sSbpw a‰p-sams° Ah-ÿ-I-sf-°p-dn®v Adn-hp-≠m-bn-cn-°pI F∂-

Xv. J_-dp-I-fn¬ \n∂p≈ Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂¬]v, Hcp-an®v Iq´¬,

i^m-A-Øv, IW-°p-t\m-°¬, c£m-in-£-Iƒ, Xpem- p-Iƒ,

lufp¬ IuY¿, kzndmØv (]mew), imizX hmk-ÿ-e-amb kz¿Kw

As√-¶n¬ \c-Iw XpS-ßnbhsb kw_-‘n® hniZo-I-c-W-ßƒ

apX-em-bh CXn¬s]-Sp-∂p.

10. A√m-lp-hns‚ ]m]-©n-I-amb AS-bm-f-ßsf a\- n-em°n

bYm-hn[n DƒsIm-≈p-I. _pJm-cnbpw apkvenapw a‰pw

dnt∏m¿´v sNøp-∂p:

""BIm-iØv taLtam As√-¶n¬ Im‰v hoip-∂tXm I≠m¬

\_nbpsS apJØv AXns‚ AS-bmfw Z¿in-°m-am-bn-cp-∂p.''

BCi ]d™p: ""Hm ]hm-N-Itc, P\-ßƒ taLw I≠m¬

kt¥mjn-°p-∂-Xmbn ImWp-∂p, ImcWw AXv ag h¿jn-∏n-°p-

sa∂v Ah¿ Icp-Xp-∂p. ]t£, Aßv taLsØ Z¿in-®m¬ CjvS-

s∏-Sp-∂n√ F∂mWv Aß-bpsS apJw hy‡-am-°p-∂X.v'' \_n]d™p: ""Hm BCim, AXn¬ in£-bn√ F∂v Dd-∏n®v Fßs\

\n¿`-b-cmIm≥ Ignbpw? Nne kaq-l-ßƒ Im‰v aptJ\ in£n-°-

s∏´n´p≠v. (apkvenw: 899).


\_n KlWw I≠m¬ `b-s∏-Sp-am-bn-cp-∂p. A_q aqkmhn¬ \n∂pw kzlo-lp¬_p-Jm-cn-bn¬ D≤-cn-°p-∂p:

""kqcy\v KlWw _m[n-®p. A¥y-k-a-b-amWv F∂ `b-∏m-

tSmSp IqSn \_n Fgp-t∂-‰p.''(^Xvlp¬_mcn: 2/545). Kl-W-

k-a-bØv \a-kvIm-c-Øn-te°v [rXn-s∏-Sm≥ \_n B⁄m-]n-

®p. \_n ]d-™-Xv, kqcy-K-l-Whpw Nµ-K-l-Whpw A√m-lp-

hns‚ ASn-a-I-fpsS ta¬ ZrV-amb ‡n-bp-≠m-°m-\p≈ AS-bm-f-

ß-fm-Wv F∂mWv. CØcw ]Xn-`m-k-ßtfmS-\p-_-‘n®v lrZ-b-

Øns‚ ]c-kv]-c-amb ]h¿Ø-\hpw XpS¿∂v `b-∏mSpw D≠m-hp-

I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Cuam\ns\ AXv \ho-I-cn-°pw F∂-Xn¬ kwi-b-

an-√. A√m-lp-hns‚ in£-sbbpw Ahs‚ i‡n-sbbpw Ign-hn-

s\bpw tIm]-sØbpw Ipdn®v AXv \sΩ Hm¿an-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.

BC-i ]d-™p:

\_n Fs‚ ssI]n-Sn®v Nµs‚ t\sc Nq≠n-°m-´n-bn´v ]d-

™p: ""Hm BCi! CXns‚ Xn∑-bn¬ \n∂pw \o A√m-lp-hn¬

c£ tXSn-s°m-≈q. ImcWw, CXmWv Ccp-f-S-bptºm-gp-≠m-Ip∂

cmXn-bpsS sISp-Xn.-'' (AlvaZv 6/237, kn¬kn-e-Øp- z-lol).

A√m-lp-hns‚ in£ t\cn´ ÿe-ßƒ kµ¿in-°p-Ibpw

kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fpsS J_-dp-Iƒ ImWp-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ \ap°v

`bw _m[n-°p-∂Xpw a\- n\v Ne-\-ap-≠mIp-∂-Xp-amb Ah-ÿ-

bmWv as‰m-∂v. C_v\p Da¿ dnt∏m¿ v sNøp-∂p: lnPvdn¬ FØn-

b-t∏mƒ \_n Xs‚ A\p-N-c-∑m-tcmSv ]d-™p.

""A√mlp in£n® ÿe-ß-fn¬ \nßƒ ]th-in-°-cp-Xv, Ic-

™p-sIm-≠-√m-sX. \nßƒ Ic-bp-∂n-s√-¶n¬ \nßƒ ]th-in-

°p-I-bp-a-cp-Xv. Imc-Ww, Ahsc _m[n-®Xv \nß-sfbpw _m-[n-


°pw.'' (_pJmcn: 423). ]t£, C∂v B ]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ hnt\m-Z-

Øn-\mbn Bfp-Iƒ t]mhp-Ibpw t^mt´mbpw a‰p-sams° ]I¿Øp-

Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Nn¥n-°pI!

11. Zp¿_-e-amb Cuam-\ns‚ ]cn-lm-c-Øn-\p-X-Ip∂ \√ Hcp

am¿K-amWv ZnIv¿. tcmKw _m[n® lrZ-b-ßsf Ah kpJ-s∏-

Sp-Øp-Ibpw \∂m-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. A√mlp ]d-bp-∂p:

""kXy-hn-izm-kn-Itf, \nßƒ A√m-lpsh [mcm-f-ambn kvacn-

°pI''(33:41).

A√m-lpsh [mcm-f-ambn Hm¿an-°p-∂-h¿°v Ah≥ Db¿®

hmKvZm\w sNøp∂p.

""A√m-lp-hns\ A[n-I-ambn Hm¿an-°pIbpw sNøp-I, \nßƒ

hnPbw ]m]n-t®°mw.''(8:45).

A√m-lp-hns\°pdn-®p≈ kvacW as‰-¥ns\-°mfpw DØ-a-am-

Wv:

""A√m-lp-hns\ Hm¿an-°pI F∂Xv G‰hpw al-Ømb Imcyw

Xs∂-bmIp∂p''(29:45).

Ckvemanse \nb-a-ßƒ hfsc A[n-I-amWv F∂v hnNm-cn®

a\p-jy-t\mSv \_n D]-tZ-in-®-Xv CXmWv:

""\o \ns‚ \mhns\ A√m-lp-hns‚ kvac-W- sIm≠v \\-hp-≈-

Xm-°p-I.''(Xp¿apZn 3375. lk≥ Bb lZoYv, kzlo-lp¬ Ienw 3).

ZnIv¿ ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is\ ]oXn-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw ]nim-Nns\

AI‰n \n¿Øp-Ibpw sNøpw. hnj-a-X-Ifpw hymIp-e-X-Ifpw AXv

AI‰n \n¿Øpw. Adn-hn‚ hmXn-ep-Iƒ Xpd∂p Xcn-Ibpw Bh-

iy-ßƒ \nd-th‰nØcn-Ibpw sNøpw. kz¿K-Øn-te°v hnØp-Iƒ

\Sp∂-Xn\pw \mhns‚ tZmj-ßƒ XS-bp-∂-Xn\pw klm-bn-°pw.

Zm\w sNøm≥ Ign-hn-√mØ km[p-°sf AXv kam-iz-kn-∏n-°p-


∂p. imco-cn-I-ambpw kmº-Øn-I-ambpw ]pWyw sNøm≥ Ign-

bmØh¿°v Bcm-[-\m-I¿a-ßƒ°p ]I-c-ambn A√mlp ZnIv¿

G¿s∏-SpØn. ZnI¿ Ah-K-Wn®v A√m-lp-hns\ Hm¿°m-Xn-cp-∂m¬

lrZ-b-Øn¬ ImTn\yw A\p-`-h-s∏Spw.

Xs‚ Cuam-\ns‚ Zu¿_-eysØ AI-‰m≥ BK-ln-°p∂

GsXm-cmfpw A√m-lp-hns‚ kvacW h¿[n-∏n-°-Ww. A√mlp ]d-

bp∂p:

""....i≤n-°p-I, A√m-lp-sh°p-dn-®p≈ Hm¿a sIm≠sX a\-

p-Iƒ im¥-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂Xv.''(13:28).

C_v\p¬-Jønw ZnIvdpsIm-≠p≈ NnIn-’-sb-°p-dn®v ]d-™p:

""lrZ-b-Øn¬ Hcp ITn-\-X-bp-≠v. AXv AXyp-∂-X\mb A√m-lp-

hns‚ kvac-W-sIm-≠-√msX im¥-am-hp-I-bn√.'' Hcp a\p-jy≥ lk-

\p¬_-kzcntbmSv ]d-™p: ""Hm A_q-k-CuZv, Rm≥ Fs‚ lrZ-

b-Im-Tn-\ysØ°pdn®v ]cm-Xn-s∏-Sp-∂p.'' At∏mƒ lk-\p¬_-

kzcn ]d-™p: ""ZnIv¿ sIm≠v lrZ-bsØ im¥-am-°pI.'' lrZbw

FX ad-hn-bp-≈-XmtWm AXv AXn-\-\p-k-cn®v ISp-Øp-t]mIpw.

]t£, Hcmƒ A√m-lp-hns\ kvacn-®m¬ sNºv Xobn¬ Dcp°p∂-

Xp-t]mse lrZbw im¥-amhpw. lrZbImTn\yw Ipd-°p-∂-Xn\v

al-Xz-k-ºq¿W-\mb A√m-lp-hns‚ kvac-W-b-t∏m-se D]-Im-c--s∏-

Sp∂ as‰m∂pan-√. ZnI¿ lrZ-b-Øn\v ia-\hpw acp-∂p-am-Wv. adhn

F∂Xv Hcp tcmK-am-Wv. A√m-lp-hn-s\-°p-dn® Hm¿a-bmWv AXn-

\p≈ ]cn-lmcw. aIvlq¬ ]d-™p: ""A√m-lp-hns\°pdn® Hm¿a

NnIn-’bpw P\-ß-fpsS°pdn-®p≈ Hm¿a tcmK-hp-amWv.'' (A¬hm-

_nep zøn_v, dm^n-Av, A¬I-enaØpØz-øn-_v 142).

Zp¿_-e-amb Cuam-\ns\°pdn®v ]cm-Xn-s∏-Sp∂ Bfp-Iƒ°v

AXns\ ]cn-l-cn-°m≥ DX-Ip∂Xmb- cmXn \a-kvIm-cw t]mse-

bp≈ I¿a-ßƒ A\p-jvTn-°m≥ XpS-°-Øn¬ ]bm-kw tXm∂n-

tb°pw. AXn-\m¬ AØ-c-°m¿ CØcw am¿K-ßƒ(ZnIv¿ t]mse-

bp-≈h) kzoI-cn°p-Ibpw AXn\v Xm¬]cyw ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-Ibpw

sNøp-I. ÿnc-ambn sNøm≥ Ign-bp∂ km[m-cW ZnIvdpIƒ ]Tn-

°-Ww. ""emCeml C√-√mlp hlvZlp em icoI elp elp¬

ap¬Ip he-lp¬ lwZp hlph Aem Ip√n-ssi-C≥ IZo¿''(A√m-


lp-h-√msX Bcm-[y-\n-√, Ah\v bmsXmcp ]¶p-Im-cp-an-√. Ah-

\mWv cmPm-[n-Imcw, Ah-∂mWv k¿h-kvXp-Xnbpw, Ah≥ F√m

Imcy-Øn\pw Ign-hp-≈-h-\mWv), ""kp_vlm\-√mln h_n-lw-Znln,

kp_vlm\-√m-ln¬ Afow''(kvXpXnbpw ]Io¿Ø-\hpw A√m-lp-

hn-\m-Wv, AXyp-∂-X-\mb A√m-lp-hn\v ]Io¿Ø\w), ""em lue

hem Ip∆Ø C√m _n√mlv''(A√m-lp-hn¬ \n∂-√msX Hcp

i‡ntbm A[n-Im-ctam C√) XpS-ßnb ZnIvdp-Ifpw ]tXyI ka-

b-ß-fnepw kµ¿`-ß-fnepw sNmt√-≠Xpw ]d-tb-≠-Xp-amb kp∂-

Øn¬ ÿnc-s∏´ ZpB-Ifpw ]Tn-°Ww. cmhn-sebpw sshIp-t∂-

chpw Dd-ßm≥ InS-°p-tºm-gpw DW-cp-tºm-gpw kz]v\w ImWp-

tºmgpw `£Ww Ign-°p-tºmgpw hnk¿P-\-ÿ-eØv ]th-in-°p-

tºmgpw ]≈n-bn¬ t]mIp-tºmgpw Hcp Imcyw Xocp-am-\n-°p-

tºmgpw(CkvXn-Jmd) ]bm-k-ßƒ t\cn-Sp-tºmgpw J_-dp-Iƒ

kµ¿in-°p-tºmgpw Im‰-Sn-°p-tºmgpw amk-∏n-dhn ImWp-tºmgpw

bmXm kw_-‘-amtbm Nc-°p-Ifpw a‰pw sIm≠p t]mIp-∂-Xnt\m

Bbn hml-\-Øn¬ Ib-dp-tºmgpw as‰m-cmsf A`n-kw-t_m-[\

sNøp-tºmgpw XpΩp-tºmgpw tImgn Iqhp-tºmgpw IgpX Ic-bp-Itbm

\mb Ipc-°p-Itbm sNøp-tºmgpw kZ v ]ncn-bp-tºmgpw tcmKnsb

kµ¿in-°p-tºmgpw F√mw ]tXyIw ]tXyIw ]m¿Y-\-Ifp≠v.

Ch- ImØp kq£n-®m¬ a\- n¬ ]Xn- -e-\-ap-≠mIpw F∂-Xn¬

kwi-b-an-√.(ssiJp¬ Ckvemw C_v\p ssXanø C∆n-j-b-I-

ambn"A¬ IenaXpØzøn_v' F∂ hfsc D]-Im-c-]-Z-amb Hcp

KŸw cNn-®n-´p-≠v. AXns\ kzlolp¬ IenaXnØz-øn_v F∂

t]cn¬ A¬_m\n kwK-ln-®n-´p≠v).

12. A√m-lp-hn¬ ]Xo£ A¿∏n-®p-sIm≠v Ahs‚ apºn¬

hn\-bm-\zn-X-\m-hp-I. ASna A√m-lp-hns‚ apºn¬ FX-

tØmfw hn\-bm-\zn-X-\m-Ip∂pthm AXtØmfw A√mlp

Ah-¶-te°v ASp-Øp-hcpw. \_n ]d-™p:

""Hcp ASna A√m-lp-hn-t\mSv G‰hpw ASpØ kabw Abmƒ

kpPq-Zn-em-bn-cn-°p-tºm-gm-Wv. AXn-\m¬ kpPq-Zn¬ \nßƒ ]m¿Y-

\-Iƒ h¿[n-∏n-°p-I.'' (apkvenw: 482).

kpPqZv F∂Xv hn\-b-Øns‚ Ah-ÿ-bm-Wv, a‰v Ah-ÿ-I-

fn¬ \n∂pw XnI®pw hyXy-kvX-am-Wv. Hcp ASna Xs‚ G‰hpw


D∂-Xamb inc v `qan-bn-te°v sh°p-tºmƒ Xs‚ \mY-t\mSv

G‰hpw ASpØ Ah-ÿ-bn-em-bn-cn-°pw. A√m-lp-hns‚ ap∂n¬

hn\bw ]I-S-am-°p-∂-Xns\bpw A√m-lp-hn-te°v ]›m-Ø-]n®v

aS-ßp-∂-Xn-s\bpw hfsc kv]jvS-ambn kqNn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v C_v\p¬

Jønw ]d-bp∂p: ""\ns‚ ]Xm]w sIm≠pw Fs‚ hn\bw

sIm≠pw \ns‚ i‡n-sIm≠pw Fs‚ Zp¿_-eX sIm≠pw Fs∂

sXm´p≈ \ns‚ sFizcyw sIm≠pw \n∂n-te-°p≈ Fs‚

Bhiyw sIm≠pw Rm≥ \nt∂mSv tNmZn-°p-∂p. Fs‚ Xn∑-bp-

sSbpw ]m]-Øn-s‚bpw IpSpa \ns‚ Ic-ß-fn¬ sh°p-∂p. \ns∂-

s°m-≠-√msX bmsXmcp A`-bÿm-\tam ic-Wtam C√. Rm\-

√msX \ns‚ ASn-a-Iƒ [mcmfw D≠v. ZpxJ-]q¿W\pw Zcn-Z-\p-am-

b-hs\ t]mse Rm≥ \nt∂mSv tNmZn-°p-∂p. A‘\pw `ocp-hp-

amb Hcmsft∏mse Rm≥ \nt∂mSv tNmZn-°p-∂p. IgpØv ]q¿W-

ambn \n∂n-te°v Ip\n®v sh®-h-s\-t∏mse, IÆp-Iƒ \n\-°p-

th≠n IÆo¿ s]mgn-®p-sIm≠pw lrZbw \n∂n-te°v hn\-bm-\zn-

X-am-°n-s°m≠pw'' F∂p ]d-™v ]m¿∞n-°p∂ Hcm-fpsS hm°p-

Iƒ FX a[p-c-ap-≈-Xm-Wv! CØcw hm°p-Iƒ Hc-Sna Dcp-hn-Sp-I-

bm-sW-¶n¬ Ahs‚ Cuam≥ lrZ-b-Øn¬ ]e aS-ßmbn h¿[n-

°pw. Hcm-fpsS Bhiyw A√m-lp-hn-t\mSv ]d-bpIsb-∂Xpw Cuam≥

h¿[n-∏n-°pw. \ΩpsS GsXmcmh-iyß-ƒ°pw A√m-lp-hns\ Bi-

bn-°m≥ Ah≥ \tΩmSv ]d-bp-∂p:

""a\p-jy-tc, \nßƒ A√m-lp-hns\ Binbn°p-∂-h-cm-Ip∂p.

A√m-lp-hm-I-s´, kzbw ]cym-]-X\pw kvXpXy¿l-\p-am-Ip∂p.''(35:15).

13. Zo¿Lm-bp v (AYhm Zo¿L-amb PohnXw) BK-ln-°m-Xn-

cn-°p-I. Cuam-\ns\ ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°m-\p-X-Ip∂ hfsc ][m-

\-s∏´ Hcp kwK-Xn-bm-Wn-Xv. C_v\p¬ Jønw ]d™p:

""Jp¿-B-\n¬ "F∂m¬ \o BtemNn®n´pt≠m? \mw Ah¿°v

Ipsd sIm√ßtfmfw kpJkuIcyw \¬IpIbpw, A\¥cw

Ah-¿°v Xm°oXv \¬Is∏´p sIm≠ncn°p∂ in£ Ah¿°v

hcnIbpw sNbvXpsh∂v sh°pI. (F∂mepw) Ah¿°v \¬I-

s∏´ncp∂ B kpJkuIcyßƒ Ah¿s°mcp ]tbmP-\hpw

sNøpambncp∂n√.' (26:205-- -- ----˛ ----- 207) F∂ hN-\-Ønepw "A-h≥

Ahsc Hcpan®pIq´p∂ Znhkw ]Ien¬ \n∂v A¬]-kabw


amXta Ah¿ (CltemIØv) Ign®pIq´nbn´p≈q F∂

t]mse tXm∂pw. Ah¿ At\ym\yw Xncn®dnbp∂XpamWv.

A√mlphpambn I≠pap´p∂Xns\ \ntj[n®pX≈nbh¿

\jvSØnembncn°p∂p. Ah¿ k≥am¿Kw ]m]n°p∂hcm-

bXpan√' (10: 45) F∂ hN-\-Ønepw ]d-bp∂ kp]-[m-\-amb

]mTw, Cu Zp\n-bm-hn¬ Hcp a\p-jy≥ Hcn-°epw Zo¿Lm-bp v

BK-ln-°p-∂-ht\m ""Rm≥ Pohn-°pw, Rm≥ Pohn-°pw...'' F∂v

]d-bp-∂-ht\m Bhm≥ ]mSn-√ F∂-Xm-Ip∂p. ke- p-kzm-eo-lo-

ß-fn¬ s]´ Hcmƒ Hcp a\p-jy-t\mSv ]d™p: "Rßƒ°v fplv¿

\a-kvIm-c-Øn\v t\XrXzw \¬Ip-I.' B a\p-jy≥ ]d-™p. "Rm≥

fpl¿ \a-kvIm-c-Øn\v t\Xr-Xzw \¬Imw, Akzv¿ \a-kvIm-c-Øn\v

\n¬°m≥ Ign-bn-√.' ""Ak¿ \a-kvImcw hsc Pohn°Ww

F∂mtWm \nßƒ BK-ln-°p-∂-Xv? Zo¿Lamb PohnXw BK-

ln-°p-∂-Xn¬ \n∂pw Rßƒ A√m-lp-thmSv Imh¬ tNmZn-°p-

∂p'' F∂m-bn-cp∂p At∏mƒ Ah-cpsS adp-]-Sn.*

14. lrZ-b-Øn¬ hnc-‡n-bp-≠mIp∂Xp hsc temI-Øns‚

\n m-c-Xsb°pdn®v Nn¥n-°p-I. A√m-lp ]d-bp-∂p:

"".....sFlnIPohnXw I_-fn-∏n-°p∂ Nc°v amX-amWv''(3:185).

\_n ]d™p:

""BZ-ans‚ k¥-Xn-bpsS `£Ww Cu Pohn-X-Øns‚ Hcp D]-

am-e-¶m-c-am-Wv. D∏pw akm-ebpw Hs° tN¿Ømepw Ah-km\w

F¥mWv ]pdØp hcnI F∂-h-\-dn-bmw. AXp-t]mse Fß-s\-

bmWv ]cy-h-km\w F∂v Ah-\-dn-bm-hp-∂-XmWv''(Xz_vdm\n 1/

198, kn¬kn-e-Øp- z-lol : 382).

A_q-lp-dbvd ]d™p: \_n ]d-™Xv Rm≥ tI´p.

* Bbp pw Btcm-Ky-hp-sam∂pw \∑-bn¬ hn\n-tbm-Kn-°msX Zo¿L-ambn kpJ-

Po-hnXw \bn-°-W-sa∂ Nn¥-bmImw ChnsS Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xv. Bbp pw Btcm-

Kyhpw \∑-bn¬ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp∂ Xc-Øn-ep≈ Zo¿Lm-bp- ns\ t]m’m-ln-

∏n-°p∂ ]cm-a¿i-ßƒ lZo-Yp-I-fn¬ h∂n- p-≠v ]cn-tim-[-I≥


""Cu temIhpw AXn-ep≈Xpw i]n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. A√m-

lp-hns‚ kvac-Wbpw AXp-ambn _‘-s∏-´Xpw Hgn-sI, hn⁄m-

\hpw in£-Whpw HgnsI.''(C_v\pamP 4112, kzlo-l-Øp-Ø¿-Ko-

_p-h-Ø¿lo_v 71).

15. A√m-lp-hns‚ Nn”-ßsf BZ-cn-°pI: Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂p:

""(\nßƒ Kln°pI,) h√h\pw A√mlphns‚ aXNnlv\-

ßsf BZcn°p∂ ]£w Xo¿®bmbpw AXv lrZbßfnse [¿Ω-

\njvTbn¬ \n∂p≠mIp∂XsX.''(22:32).

A√mlp \n›-bn-®n-´p≈ ]cn-[n-Iƒ F∂p-≈Xv A√m-lp-hn\v

\ΩpsS taep≈ Ah-Im-i-ß-fm-Wv. AXv ka-b-hpamtbm,

ÿehpamtbm, hy‡n-I-fp-amtbm _‘-s∏-´-Xm-Imw. hy‡n-I-fp-

ambn _‘-s∏´-Xn\p≈ DZm-l-cWw˛ \_ntbmSv th≠ _lp-

am-\hpw BZ-chpw ImWn-°p-I. ÿe-ßsf kw_-‘n-°p-∂-Xn\v

DZm-l-c-Ww-˛-a-kvPn-Zp¬ ld-ans\(a°) _lp-am-\n-°pI. ka-b-hp-

ambn _‘-s∏-´Xn\v DZm-l-cWw˛ da-fm≥ amksØ BZ-cn-°p-I.

A√mlp ]d-bp-∂p:

""AXv (\nßƒ Kln°pI). A√mlp ]hnXX \¬Inb hkvXp-

°sf h√h\pw _lpam\n°p∂]£w AXv Xs‚ c£nXmhns‚

ASp°¬ Ah∂v KpWIcambncn°pw. \nßƒ°v HmXnt°ƒ]n°-

s∏Sp∂sXmgn®p≈ I∂pImenIƒ \nßƒ°v A\phZn°s∏´n-

cn°p∂p. BIbm¬ hnKlßfmIp∂ amen\yØn¬ \n∂pw \n-

ßƒ AI∂v \n¬°pI. hymPhm°n¬ \n∂pw \nßƒ AI∂v

\n¬°pI.''(l÷v : 30).

A√mlp \n›-bn® ]cn-[n-Isf BZ-cn-°p∂ as‰mcp coXn-bmWv

sNdnb Xn∑-Isf \n m-c-ambn ImWm-Xn-cn-°p-I F∂p-≈-Xv. A_vZp-

√m-ln_v\p akv-Du-Zv dnt∏m¿´v sNøp-∂p. \_n ]d-™p.

""\n m-c-ambn ImWp∂ sNdnb Xn∑-Isf Icp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-I.

AXv a\p-jys\ \in-∏n-°p-∂Xv hsc h¿[n-®p-sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°pw.''


\_n CXns\ hni-Zo-I-cn®psIm≠v ]d-™p: ""hnP-\-amb ]tZ-

iØv Xº-Sn-°p∂ Bfp-Iƒ Xo Iq´m-\mbn Dt±-in-°p-∂p. Hcp

a\p-jy≥ t]mbn Hcp hndIv sIm≠p h∂p. as‰m-cmfpw Hcp hndIv

sIm≠v h∂p. Aßs\ Ah¿°v Bh-iy-ap-≈-sXms° ]mIw

sNøm≥ Ignbpw hn[w hndIv tiJ-cn-°-s∏-´p.''(AlvaZv 1/402,

kn¬kn-eØpkzlol 389).

C_v\p¬ Pukn "kzbvZp¬JmØndn'¬ ]d-bp∂p: ""\n m-c-

sa∂v Icp-Xn ]e Imcy-ßsfbpw A[n-I-am-fp-Ifpw emL-h-tØmsS

ImWp-∂p. bYm¿Y-Øn¬ Ch hnizm-k-Øns‚ ASn-Ød Xs∂

XI¿°p-∂Xmbn-cn-°pw.''l-dm-amb Imcy-ß-fn-te°v t\m°p-I, Nne

Ip´n-Iƒ sNøp-∂Xv t]mse ]pkvX-I-ßƒ ISw hmßp-Ibpw

XncnsI sImSp-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I XpS-ßn-bh DZm-l-c-W-

ß-fmWv. ke-^p-Ifn¬ s]´ Hcmƒ ]d-™p: ""Rm≥ Hcp sNdnb

Dcp-f(Hcp ]nSn) \n m-c-ambn I≠v AXv `£n-®p. \m¬]Xv

h¿jßƒ°p tijhpw Rm≥ ]n∂n-te°v hgp-Xn-t∏m-hp-I-bmW.v''

At±lØns‚ hn\bw sIm≠mWv At±lw CXv ]d-™-Xv.

A√mlp At±-l-Øn\v s]mdp-Øp-sIm-Sp-°-s´.

16. "A¬ hem-Av h¬ _dm-Av'(_‘w- ÿm-]n-°epw hnt—-Zn-

°epw): hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv kulr-Zhpw hniz-kvX-Xbpw ]pe¿Øp-

Ibpw(iXpX ]pe¿Øp∂)Ahn-izm-kn-I-tfmSv \ntj-[hpw

shdp∏pw tXm∂p-Ibpw sNøpI. A√m-lp-hns‚ iXp-°-tfmSv

lrZbw ASp-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Cuam≥ Zp¿_-e-am-hp-Ibpw hnizm-

k-Øns‚ XØz-ßƒ AI-ep-Ibpw sNøpw. AtX kabw A√m-

lp-hn-te°v Xs‚ hniz-kvXX ka¿∏n-°p-∂ Bƒ hnizm-kn-I-

fmb A√m-lp-hns‚ ASn-a-Isf A\p-Iq-en-°p-Ibpw klm-bn-°p-

Ibpw A√m-lp-hns‚ iXp-°sf FXn¿°p-Ibpw shdp-°pIbpw

sNøpw ˛ Aßs\ lrZ-b-Ønse Cuam≥ \ho-I-cn°pw.

17. Cuam-\ns\ \ho-I-cn-°p∂Xnepw [n°m-c-ap≈ a\- ns\

ip≤o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xnepw hn\-b-Øn\v kp]-[m-\-amb ]¶p-≠v.

ImcWw hm°nepw mh-Ønepap≈ hn\-bw lrZ-b-Øn¬ A√m-

lp-hn-t\mSv hn\-b-ap-≈-Xns‚ kqN-\-bm-Wv. \_n ]d™p:

""hn\bw(]Xy-£-am-bn-°m-Wp-∂Xv) Cuam-\ns‚ `mK-am-Wv.''

(C_v\p-amP: 4118,kn¬kn-e-Øp- z-lol:341). hkvX-Ønepw cq]-


Øn-ep-ap≈ hn\-b-am-Wv CXp-sIm-≠p≈ Dt±-iyw. hniZ hnh-c-

ßƒ°v C_v\p¬AYo-dns‚ "A∂n-lmb' 1/110 ImWp-I.

\_n ]d™p:

""A√m-lp-hn-t\m-Sp≈ hn\bw ImcWw(BVw-_-cØns‚bpw

Ae-¶m-c-Øn-s‚bpw) hkvXw D]-tbm-Kn-°m-\p≈ Ign-hp-≠m-bn-

´pw Ah h¿Pn-°p∂bmsf ]p\-cp-∞m-\-\m-fn¬ A√mlp Ahs‚

k¿h-krjvSnI-fp-sSbpw apºn¬ hnfn-°p-Ibpw CjvS-ap≈ Cuam-

\ns‚ hkvXw Xnc-s™-Sp -°m≥ Ah-kcw \¬Ip-Ibpw

sNøpw.''(Xn¿apZn: 2481, kn¬kn-e-Øp- z-lol: 718). Cu PohnX

ssien ImcWw AXoh kº-∂-\m-bn-cp∂ A_vZp¿dlvam\n-_v\p

Hu vs\ Xs‚ ASn-a-I-fpsS CS-bn¬ \n∂pw Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ km[n-

°p-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.

18. -A-√m-lp-hns\ kvt\ln-°p-I, Ahs\ b-s∏-Sp-I, Ah-\n¬

]Xo-£-b¿∏n-°p-I, Ahs\°pdn-®v \√ \ne-bn¬ Nn¥n-

°p-Ibpw Ah-\n¬ `c-ta¬]n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I, Ahs‚

hn[nsb AwKo-I-cn-°p-I, Ah-t\mSv \µn ImWn-°p-I, Ah-

\n-te°v ]›m-Ø-]n®v aS-ßp-I.- Ch-sbm-s°bpw lrZ-b-Øn-

s‚ ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fm-Wv. lrZbw Xmsg ]d-bp∂ L´-ß-fn-

eqsS IS∂p t]mbn Ign-™m¬ Zp¿_-e-amb Cuam-\ns‚

NnIn’ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏Spw: [¿a-t_m-[-ap-≠m-hp-I, A√m-

lp-hn-te°v aS-ßp-I, A√m-lp-hns\ kvacn-°p-I, Jp¿-B-\n-

t\mSpw kp∂-Øn-t\mSpw ]q¿W-ambn tbmPn-°p-I, hn\bap-

≠m-Ip-I, efn-X-ambn Pohn-°p-I, A√m-lp-hns\ `b-°p-I,

A√mlp Ft∏mgpw ImWp-∂p≠v F∂ at\m-`m-h-ap-≠m-hp-I.

C_v\p¬ Jønw Cu L´-ß-sf-°p-dn-s®√mw "aZm-cn-Pp- zm-

en-lo≥' F∂ KŸ-Øn¬ hni-Zo-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v.

19. kzbw hne-bn-cp-ØpI: A√mlp ]d-bp∂p:


""kXyhnizmknItf, \nßƒ A√mlpsh kq£n°pI. Hmtcm

hyIvXnbpw Xm≥ \mtf°v th≠n Fs¥mcp aps∂mcp°amWv

sNbvXp sh®n´p≈sX∂v t\m°ns°m≈s´. \nßƒ A√m-

lpsh kq£n°pI. Xo¿®bmbpw A√mlp \nßƒ ]h¿Øn-

°p∂Xns\ ]‰n kq£vaPvRm\ap≈h\mIp∂p.'' (A¬

liv¿:18).

Da-dp-_v\p¬ JXzm_v ]d-™p: ""\nßƒ hnNm-cW sNø-s∏-

Sp-∂-Xn\v apºmbn kzbw hnNm-cW sNøpI.'' A¬ lk≥

]d™p: ""kzbw hne-bn-cp-Øp∂ \ne-bn-e-√msX Hcp hnizm-

knsb \nßƒ Is≠-Øp-I-bn√''. aAvaq\p_v\p alvdm≥

]d™p: ""\nµy\pw ]nip-°-\p-amb ]¶m-fn-sb-°mƒ IqSp-X¬

(kz¥w hnj-b-Øn¬) I¿i\ \ne-]m-Sp≈ Bfm-bn-cn°pw

Hcp hnizmkn''. C_v\p¬ Jønw ]d™p: ""kzbw hne-bn-

cp-Øp-∂-Xns\ Ah-K-Wn-°p-Ibpw kz¥w C—-Isf A∏msS

]n≥]-‰p-Ibpw sNøp-tºm-gmWv A¥y-hn[n kw`-hn-°pI.''

AXp-sIm≠v Hcp apkvenw GI-\mbn kzbw hne-bn-cp-Øm≥

kabw Is≠-Øp-Ibpw A¥y-Zn-\-Øn\p th≠n-bp≈ F¥p

aps∂m-cp-°-amWv sNbvXXv F∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°p-Ibpw sNtø≠-

Xp≠v.

20. A√m-lp-hn-t\m-Sp≈ ]m¿Y\: Hcp ASna \n¿h-ln-t°-≠

hfsc Imcy-]m-]vXn-bp≈ kwK-Xn-I-fn-sem-∂m-WXv. \_n]d™p: ""hkvXw ]g-Ip-∂-Xp-t]mse lrZ-b-Ønse Cuam\pw

]gIpw; AXn-\m¬ \nß-fpsS lrZ-b-ß-fnse Cuam-\ns\ ]pXp-

°m≥ th≠n A√m-lp-hn-t\mSv tNmZn-°pI''.

A√m-lpsh, \ns‚ kpµ-c-amb \ma-ßƒ sIm≠pw D∂-X-amb

KpW-hn-ti-j-ßƒ sIm≠pw Rß-fpsS lrZ-b-Ønse Cuam-\ns\

\ho-I-cn-°p-∂Xn-\mbn \nt∂mSv tNmZn-°p-∂p. A√m-lp-th, Cuam-

\ns\ Rßƒ°v kpµ-c-ambn tXm∂n-∏n-°p-Ibpw Rß-fpsS lrZ-

b-ßsf AXp-ap-tJ\ Ae-¶-cn-°p-Ibpw sNtø-W-ta. Ip vdn-s\bpw

]m]-sØbpw \ntj-[-sØbpw Rßƒ°v Atß-b‰w shdp-∏p-≈-

Xm-t°-W-ta. icn-bmb am¿K-Z¿i\w e`n-®-h-cn¬ Rßsf Dƒs∏-

Sp-ØtW. c£n-Xm-hn\v al-Xzw. ]hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS ta¬ kam-[m-\-

ap-≠m-I-s´, k¿h-temI c£n-Xm-hn\v k¿hkvXpXnbpw.

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