water1

‚§√ß°“√«‘®—¬‡æ◊ËÕª√–¬ÿ°µå„™â√–∫∫∫÷ßª√–¥‘…∞å (Constructed Wetlands)„π°“√∫”∫—¥πÈ”‡ ’¬®“°™ÿ¡™πDevelopment of Constructed Wetlands for Domestic Wastewater Treatment

π“¬ªî¬– »—π π¬ÿ∑∏*, π“¬ÕàÕπ®—π∑√å ‚§µ√æß…å* π“ß “«™«≈“ ‡ ’¬ß≈È”*

∫∑§—¥¬àÕ°“√»÷°…“«‘®—¬π’È ¥”‡π‘π°“√»÷°…“√–∫∫∫÷ß

ª√–¥‘…∞å (Constructed Wetlands) ¢π“¥®”≈Õß

´÷Ëß‡ªìπ Free water surface system ®”π«π 4 ∫àÕ

·¬°®“°°—π ‚¥¬‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ„π°“√

∫”∫—¥πÈ”‡ ’¬¢Õßæ◊™ 3 ª√–‡¿∑ §◊Õ µâπ∏ŸªƒÂ…’

µâπ°°°≈¡ ·≈–µâπÀ≠â“ÕâÕ ·≈–√–∫∫∑’Ë‰¡à¡’µâπæ◊™

®“°º≈°“√µ√«® Õ∫§ÿ≥¿“æπÈ”°àÕπ‡¢â“·≈–À≈—ß

ÕÕ°®“°√–∫∫®”≈Õß‡∫◊ÈÕßµâπ · ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπÕ¬à“ß

™—¥‡®π«à“ √–∫∫∑’Ë¡’µâπæ◊™ ¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ„π°“√

≈¥§«“¡ °ª√°¢Õß “√Õ‘π∑√’¬å µ–°Õπ·¢«π≈Õ¬

·≈– “√Õ“À“√‰¥â¥’°«à“√–∫∫∑’Ë‰¡à¡’µâπæ◊™ ‚¥¬ “¡“√∂

≈¥ª√‘¡“≥§«“¡ °ª√°„π√Ÿª¢Õß “√Õ‘π∑√’¬åµ–°Õπ

·¢«π≈Õ¬ ·≈– “√Õ“À“√‰¥â ‰¡àπâÕ¬°«à“ 70%

‚¥¬√–∫∫∑’Ë¡’µâπæ◊™µà“ß™π‘¥°—π®–¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ„π

°“√∫”∫—¥‰¡à·µ°µà“ß°—π

*»Ÿπ¬å«‘®—¬·≈–Ωñ°Õ∫√¡¥â“π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ °√¡ àß‡ √‘¡§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‡∑§‚π∏“π’ µ.§≈ÕßÀâ“ Õ.§≈ÕßÀ≈«ß ®.ª∑ÿ¡∏“π’ 12120 ‚∑√. 0-2577-1136 ‚∑√ “√. 0-2577-1138Environmental Research and Training Center, Department of Environmental Quality Promotion. Technopolis. Klong 5 Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120 e-mail: [email protected]

√–∫∫∫÷ßª√–¥‘…∞å (Constructed Wetlands) ¢π“¥®”≈Õß

æ◊™∑¥≈Õß (µâπ°°°≈¡)

ABSTRACTThis research study is conducted

by the model of the constructed wetlands

system. The free water surface system was

used in this study. Comparing the wastewater

treatment by 3 different plants of cattail,

bulrushes and reeds, were separately

planted and efficiency one control pond with

no plant. The results from the constructed

wetland trenches showed higher efficiencies

of pollutant removal by the system with

plants than the one with no plant, and

there was able to remove BOD, suspended

solid, nitrogen, and phosphorus for not less

than 70%.

1. §”π”°“√æ—≤π“ª√–‡∑»‚¥¬¡ÿàß‡πâπ·µàº≈º≈‘µ∑“ß

¥â“πÕÿµ “À°√√¡ ‡ªìπ “‡ÀµÿÀπ÷Ëß∑’Ë∑”„Àâ∑√—æ¬“°√

∏√√¡™“µ‘≈¥πâÕ¬·≈–‡ ◊ËÕ¡‚∑√¡≈ßÕ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á«

ªí≠À“¡≈æ‘…µàÕ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡æ—≤π“§«“¡√ÿπ·√ß¢÷Èπ

‡√◊ËÕ¬Ê µ“¡°√–· °“√æ—≤π“ª√–‡∑»∑’Ë¢“¥·ºπ

°“√®—¥°“√∑“ß¥â“π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’Ë¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ°“√

¢¬“¬µ—«¢ÕßÕÿµ “À°√√¡·≈–™ÿ¡™π‡¡◊Õß àßº≈

„Àâª√‘¡“≥¢Õß‡ ’¬‡æ‘Ë¡¡“°¢÷Èπ∑ÿ°«—π ªí®®ÿ∫—π¡≈æ‘…

∑“ßπÈ”‡ªìπªí≠À“„À≠àªí≠À“Àπ÷Ëß πÈ”‡ ’¬∑’Ë‡°‘¥®“°

‚√ßß“πÕÿµ “À°√√¡·≈–™ÿ¡™π‡¡◊Õß ®”‡ªìπµâÕß‰¥â√—∫

°“√®—¥°“√Õ¬à“ß∂Ÿ°«‘∏’°àÕπª≈àÕ¬≈ß Ÿà·À≈àßπÈ”∏√√¡™“µ‘

√–∫∫∫”∫—¥πÈ”‡ ’¬ à«π„À≠à®–„™âß∫ª√–¡“≥∑’Ë

§àÕπ¢â“ß Ÿß ∑—Èß∑“ß¥â“π°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫°“√°àÕ √â“ß

·≈–°“√¥Ÿ·≈√–∫∫ πÕ°®“°π—Èπ¬—ßæ∫«à“√–∫∫∫”∫—¥

πÈ” ‡ ’ ¬∑’Ë ‰¥â√—∫°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫Õ¬à“ß∂Ÿ°µâÕß·µà¢“¥

∫ÿ§§≈“°√∑’Ë¡’§«“¡√Ÿâ§«“¡ “¡“√∂·≈–ª√– ∫°“√≥å

„π‡∑§π‘§°“√∫”∫—¥πÈ”¢Õß√–∫∫π—ÈπÊ àßº≈„Àâ√–∫∫

‰¡à “¡“√∂∫”∫—¥πÈ”‡ ’¬‰¥âÕ¬à“ß¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æµ“¡

∑’ËÕÕ°·∫∫‰«â

»Ÿπ¬å«‘®—¬·≈–Ωñ°Õ∫√¡¥â“π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ (»«Ω)

‚¥¬°≈ÿà¡ß“π«‘®—¬·≈–æ—≤π“‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’¥â“ππÈ”

µ√–Àπ—°∂÷ß§«“¡ ”§—≠·≈–ªí≠À“¢Õß°“√∫”∫—¥

πÈ”‡ ’¬¥—ß°≈à“« ®÷ß¡ÿàß‡πâπ∑’Ë®–»÷°…“·≈–æ—≤π“«‘∏’°“√

∫”∫—¥πÈ”‡ ’¬‚¥¬„™â‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’Õ¬à“ßßà“¬·≈–µâπ∑ÿπµË”

‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ·π«∑“ß„π°“√«“ß·ºπ°“√®—¥°“√·≈–·°â ‰¢

ªí≠À“πÈ”‡ ’¬™ÿ¡™π √–∫∫∫÷ßª√–¥‘…∞å‡ªìπ√–∫∫

∫”∫—¥πÈ”‡ ’¬∑’Ë‰¥â√—∫§«“¡ π„®Õ¬à“ß¡“°„πµà“ßª√–‡∑»

‡π◊ËÕß®“°‡ªìπ√–∫∫∑’Ë „™â‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’Õ¬à“ßßà“¬·≈–

–¥«°µàÕ°“√¥Ÿ·≈√—°…“√–∫∫ ”À√—∫ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬

π—Èπ‰¥â¡’°“√π”√–∫∫π’È‡¢â“¡“„™â„π°“√∫”∫—¥πÈ”‡ ’¬

®“°™ÿ¡™π∫â“ß·≈â« ‚¥¬„™â¡“µ√∞“π°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫

®“°µà“ßª√–‡∑» ¥—ßπ—Èπ®÷ß¡’§«“¡®”‡ªìπ∑’Ë®–»÷°…“

∂÷ß¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈æ◊Èπ∞“π„π°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫√–∫∫∫÷ßª√–¥‘…∞å

·≈–æ—≤π“√–∫∫¥—ß°≈à“«„Àâ‡À¡“– ¡∑’Ë®–„™â „π

ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ ‰¥âª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ Ÿß ÿ¥

√–∫∫∫÷ßª√–¥‘…∞å„π∫√‘‡«≥∑’Ë¡’πÈ”∑à«¡¢—ß·≈–¡’ª√‘¡“≥¢Õß

“√Õ‘π∑√’¬åÀ√◊Õ “√Õ“À“√Õ¬Ÿà „ππÈ”π—Èπ ®– —ß‡°µ

æ∫æ◊™ª√–‡¿∑°°‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µÕ¬Ÿà °“√∑’Ëæ◊™‡®√‘≠

‡µ‘∫‚µÕ¬Ÿàπ—Èπ ¡’ à«π™à«¬„Àâ§«“¡ °ª√°„π√Ÿª¢Õß

“√Õ‘π∑√’¬åÀ√◊Õ “√Õ“À“√„ππÈ”≈¥≈ß π—∫‰¥â«à“‡ªìπ

¢∫«π°“√∫”∫—¥πÈ”∑’Ë‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ‡Õß‚¥¬∏√√¡™“µ‘ √–∫∫

∫÷ßª√–¥‘…∞å‡ªìπ√–∫∫∫”∫—¥πÈ”‡ ’¬∑’Ë¡πÿ…¬å √â“ß¢÷Èπ

‚¥¬‡≈’¬π·∫∫°“√∫”∫—¥πÈ”‡ ’¬µ“¡∏√√¡™“µ‘¥—ß∑’Ë‰¥â

°≈à“«¡“¢â“ßµâπ √–∫∫®–ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬æ◊™∑’Ë “¡“√∂

‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ„πæ◊Èπ∑’Ë´÷Ëß¡’πÈ”∑à«¡¢—ß H. Brix (1993)

‰¥â®”·π°√–∫∫∫÷ßª√–¥‘…∞å µ“¡ª√–‡¿∑¢Õßæ◊™„π

√–∫∫ÕÕ°‡ªìπ 4 ª√–‡¿∑„À≠àÊ §◊Õ

1. √ – ∫ ∫ æ◊ ™ º‘ « πÈ” ( F r ee - f l oa t i ng

macrophyte treatment systems) (¥Ÿ√Ÿª∑’Ë 1) æ◊™

„π√–∫∫®–≈Õ¬Õ¬Ÿàº‘«πÈ” æ◊™∑’Ë„™â à«π„À≠à‰¥â·°àº—°

µ∫™«“

2. √–∫∫æ◊™™ÿà¡πÈ” (Emergent macro-

phyte treatment systems) ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ æ◊™

ª√–‡¿∑°°„πæ◊Èπ∑’ËπÈ”∑à«¡¢—ß “¡“√∂·¬°¬àÕ¬µ“¡

°“√‰À≈¢ÕßπÈ”‰¥â‡ªìπ 3 ª√–‡¿∑ (¥Ÿ√Ÿª∑’Ë 2) §◊Õ

ª√–‡¿∑∑’ËπÈ”‰À≈ºà“π≈”µâπ (free surface flow)

ª√–‡¿∑∑’Ë ‰À≈ºà“π√“°∑“ß·π«πÕπ (horizontal

subsurface flow) ·≈–ª√–‡¿∑ ∑’ËπÈ”‰À≈ºà“π√“°

∑“ß·π«¥‘Ëß (vertical subsurface flow)

3. √–∫∫æ◊™„µâπÈ” (Submergent macro-

phyte treatment systems) (¥Ÿ√Ÿª∑’Ë 3) ª√–°Õ∫

¥â«¬æ◊™∑’Ë‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ„µâº‘«πÈ”

4. √–∫∫º ¡ §◊Õ √–∫∫º ¡√–À«à“ß√–∫∫

∑’Ë°≈à“«¢â“ßµâπ‡¢â“¥â«¬°—πÀ√◊Õ„™â√à«¡°—∫√–∫∫∫”∫—¥

πÈ”‡ ’¬Õ◊ËπÊ ‡™àπ√–∫∫∫àÕº÷Ëß (Stabilization ponds)

‡ªìπµâπ

À≈—°°“√„π°“√∫”∫—¥πÈ”‡ ’¬¢Õß√–∫∫∫÷ßª√–¥‘…∞å

‡π◊ËÕß®“°√–∫∫∫÷ßª√–¥‘…∞å ‡ªìπ√–∫∫∑’Ë

√â “ ß ‡≈’ ¬π·∫∫∏√√¡™“µ‘ „π°“√∫”∫—¥πÈ” ‡ ’ ¬

¢-2 »Ÿπ¬å«‘®—¬·≈–Ωñ°Õ∫√¡¥â“π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ °√¡ àß‡ √‘¡§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡

√Ÿª∑’Ë 1 : √–∫∫æ◊™º‘«πÈ”

√Ÿª∑’Ë 2 : √–∫∫æ◊™™ÿà¡πÈ”a : πÈ”‰À≈ºà“π≈”µâπb : πÈ”‰À≈ºà“π√“°·π«πÕπc : πÈ”‰À≈ºà“π√“°·π«¥‘Ëß

√Ÿª∑’Ë 3 : √–∫∫æ◊™„µâπÈ”

a

b

c

®÷ ß ¡’ ¢ ∫«π°“ √À≈“¬Õ¬à “ ß ‡ °‘ ¥ ¢÷È π „ π √–∫∫∑’Ë

™à«¬„π°“√∫”∫—¥πÈ”‡ ’¬ ´÷Ë ß “¡“√∂®”·π°

ÕÕ°‡ªìπÀ—«¢âÕ „À≠à Ê ¥—ßπ’È

1. °“√µ°µ–°Õπ (Sedimentation/

Filtration)

√“° ≈”µâπ¢Õßæ◊™ À√◊ÕÀ‘π ¥‘π ∑√“¬∑’Ë„™âª≈Ÿ°

æ◊™ ‡ªìπ‡ ¡◊Õπµ—«°√Õßµ–°Õπ·¢«π≈Õ¬„ππÈ”

∑’Ë ‰À≈ºà“π√–∫∫ πÕ°®“°π’È “√Õ‘π∑√’¬å·≈–‡™◊ÈÕ‚√§

∫“ß™π‘¥¬—ß “¡“√∂µ°µ–°Õπ≈ß¥â«¬

2. ®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å (Microorganisms)

√“° ≈”µâπ¢Õßæ◊™ À√◊ÕÀ‘π ¥‘π ∑√“¬

∑’Ë„™âª≈Ÿ°æ◊™ πÕ°®“°®–∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë‡ªìπµ—«°√Õß ”À√—∫

µ°µ–°Õπ·¢«π≈Õ¬∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„ππÈ”·≈â« ¬—ß‡ªìπµ—«°≈“ß

(media) „Àâ®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å„ππÈ”‡°“–Õ“»—¬Õ¬Ÿà ®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬åπ’È

´÷Ëß¡’∑—Èßª√–‡¿∑∑’Ë „™âÕ“°“»·≈–‰¡à „™âÕ“°“»„π°“√

‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ ™à«¬¬àÕ¬ ≈“¬ “√Õ‘π∑√’¬å„ππÈ” ∑”„Àâ

§à“§«“¡ °ª√°¢ÕßπÈ”„π√Ÿª¢Õß∫’‚Õ¥’≈¥≈ß πÕ°®“°

π’È·∫§∑’‡√’¬ª√–‡¿∑ nitrifying bacteria ·≈–

denitrifying bacteria ¬—ß‡ª≈’Ë¬π “√ª√–°Õ∫

‰π‚µ√‡®π„ÀâÕ¬Ÿà„π√Ÿª¢Õß°ä“´‰π‚µ√‡®π ®÷ß™à«¬≈¥

ª√‘¡“≥‰π‚µ√‡®π„ππÈ”

3. °“√‡°“–µ“¡º‘« (Adsorption)

À‘π ¥‘π ∑√“¬ ®–ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬·√à∏“µÿ

∫“ß™π‘¥∑’Ë™à«¬„ÀâøÕ øÕ√— „ππÈ”‡°“–µ‘¥Õ¬Ÿàµ“¡

º‘« ®÷ß™à«¬≈¥ª√‘¡“≥øÕ øÕ√— „ππÈ”‰¥â

4. æ◊™

æ◊™¡’ à«π™à«¬„π°“√∫”∫—¥πÈ”‚¥¬ 2 «‘∏’

À≈—°Ê §◊Õ ‡ªìπ·À≈àßÕ“»—¬ ”À√—∫®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å∑’Ë

™à«¬¬àÕ¬ ≈“¬ “√Õ‘π∑√’¬å„ππÈ” ´÷Ëß‡ªìπ¢∫«π°“√

À≈—°„π°“√∫”∫—¥πÈ”‡ ’¬ πÕ°®“°π’Èæ◊™‡Õß°Á¬—ß¥Ÿ¥´—∫

“√Õ“À“√∫“ß à«π„ππÈ”‡æ◊ËÕ°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ

√–∫∫∫÷ßª√–¥‘…∞å „πµà“ßª√–‡∑»√–∫∫∫÷ßª√–¥‘…∞å ‰¥â√—∫§«“¡ π„®Õ¬à“ß

¡“°„πµà“ßª√–‡∑» ‡™àπ À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ ÕÕ ‡µ√‡≈’¬

·≈–ª√–‡∑»„π∑«’ª¬ÿ‚√ª ‡ªìπµâπ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°‡ªìπ

√–∫∫∑’Ë„™â‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’Õ¬à“ßßà“¬ µâπ∑ÿπµË” „™âæ≈—ßß“π

πâÕ¬ ·≈–ßà“¬µàÕ°“√¥Ÿ·≈·≈–∫”√ÿß√—°…“

®“°°“√»÷°…“√–∫∫∫÷ßª√–¥‘…∞å ”À√—∫

∫â“π‡¥’Ë¬«·≈–™ÿ¡™π¢π“¥‡≈Á° ‚¥¬„™â√–∫∫∑’ËπÈ”‰À≈

ºà“π√“° (Subsurface flow) „π√“¬ß“π¢Õß G.R.

Steiner ·≈– D.W. Combs (1993) æ∫«à“√–∫∫∑’Ëµ‘¥µ—Èß

‰«â 3 ·Ààß ‚¥¬√—∫πÈ”®“° Septic tank “¡“√∂≈¥§à“

∫’ ‚Õ¥’ µ–°Õπ·¢«π≈Õ¬ ·≈–‡™◊ÈÕ Fecal Coliform

‰¥â 73-89 % 90-95 % ·≈– 78-99 % µ“¡≈”¥—∫

»Ÿπ¬å«‘®—¬·≈–Ωñ°Õ∫√¡¥â“π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ °√¡ àß‡ √‘¡§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ¢-3

√Ÿª∑’Ë 5 ¿“æµ—¥¢Õß√–∫∫®”≈Õß

R.A. Gearheart ·≈– M. Higley (1993)

√“¬ß“π«à“ ®“°°“√»÷°…“√–∫∫∫÷ßª√–¥‘…∞åª√–‡¿∑

∑’ËπÈ”‰À≈ºà“π≈”µâπ (Free surface flow) ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ

„π°“√≈¥§à“∫’ ‚Õ¥’Õ¬Ÿà√–À«à“ß 41-65 ‡ªÕ√å‡´πµå

πÕ°®“°π’È√–∫∫∫÷ßª√–¥‘…∞å¬—ß¡’§ÿ≥≈—°…≥–æ‘‡»…∑’Ë

“¡“√∂√—∫πÈ”∑’Ë¡’§«“¡ °ª√° Ÿßº‘¥ª°µ‘ (Shock

loads) ‰¥â ‚¥¬‰¡à∑”„ÀâπÈ”∑’ËÕÕ°®“°√–∫∫¡’§ÿ≥¿“æ

∑’Ë‡ª≈’Ë¬π·ª≈ß·≈–‰¡àµâÕß¡’¢∫«π°“√æ‘‡»…„¥Ê ™à«¬

πÕ°®“°√–∫∫∫÷ßª√–¥‘…∞å®–™à«¬∫”∫—¥πÈ”‡ ’¬·≈â«

¬—ß‡ªìπ·À≈àß∑’ËÕ¬ŸàÕ“»—¬¢Õßπ°·≈– —µ«åµà“ßÊ ·≈–¬—ß

“¡“√∂„™â‡ªìπ ∂“π∑’Ëæ—°ºàÕπ‰¥âÕ’°¥â«¬

À≈—°‡°≥±å„π°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫√–∫∫

”À√—∫°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫√–∫∫∫÷ßª√–¥‘…∞å™π‘¥

∑’ËπÈ”‰À≈ºà“π≈”µâπ (Free water surface system)

G. Tchobanoglous ·≈– F.L. Burton (1991)

‰¥â√«∫√«¡§à“µà“ß Ê ”À√—∫°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫‰«â¥—ßπ’È

- √–¬–‡«≈“°—°‡°Á∫πÈ”„π∫àÕ (Hydraulic

detention time) 4-15 «—π

- §«“¡≈÷°¢ÕßπÈ” (Water depth)

0.09-0.6 ‡¡µ√

- ¿“√–∫’‚Õ¥’ (BOD5 loading rate)

<0.0067 °‘‚≈°√—¡/µ“√“ß‡¡µ√/«—π

- ¿“√–ª√‘¡“≥πÈ” (Hydraulic loading rate)

0.014-0.046 ≈Ÿ°∫“»°å‡¡µ√/µ“√“ß‡¡µ√

/«—π

2. «— ¥ÿÕÿª°√≥å·≈–«‘∏’°“√√–∫∫®”≈Õßµ‘¥µ—Èß¢÷Èπ„π∫√‘‡«≥¢Õß»Ÿπ¬å«‘®—¬

·≈–Ωñ°Õ∫√¡¥â“π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‡ªìπ√–∫∫∑’ËπÈ”‰À≈ºà“π

≈”µâπ (Free water surface system) √–∫∫·∫àß

ÕÕ°‡ªìπ 4 ∫àÕ (√Ÿª∑’Ë 4 ·≈– 5) ·¬°®“°°—π ·µà≈–

∫àÕ°«â“ß 1 ‡¡µ√ ¬“« 10 ‡¡µ√ ≈÷° 1.50 ‡¡µ√

„ à¥‘π„π∑ÿ°Ê ∫àÕ ª√‘¡“≥¥‘π≈÷° 0.60 ‡¡µ√ ·µà≈–

∫àÕ®–¡’°√– Õ∫∑√“¬°—Èπ·∫àß§«“¡¬“«ÕÕ°‡ªìπ

3 à«π ‡∑à“Ê °—π ‚¥¬¡’∑àÕ‡™◊ËÕ¡µàÕ·µà≈– à«π „ÀâπÈ”

‰À≈ºà“π‰¥â·≈–√—°…“√–¥—∫πÈ”„π·µà≈–∫àÕ≈÷° 20

‡´πµ‘‡¡µ√ ‚¥¬∑’Ë∫àÕ∑’Ë 1 ‰¡à¡’°“√ª≈Ÿ°æ◊™ ∫àÕ∑’Ë 2 3

·≈– 4 ª≈Ÿ°µâπÀ≠â“ÕâÕ (reed) ∏ŸªƒÂ…’ (cattail) ·≈–

°°°≈¡ (bulrush) µ“¡≈”¥—∫

√Ÿª∑’Ë 4 ·ºπ¿“æ· ¥ß√–∫∫∫÷ßª√–¥‘…∞å¢π“¥®”≈Õß


‡ß◊ËÕπ‰¢„π°“√»÷°…“„π°“√»÷°…“®“°·∫∫®”≈Õßπ’È „π¢—Èπµâπ

®– Ÿ∫πÈ”‡ ’¬®“°∫àÕ√«∫√«¡πÈ”‡ ’¬®“°ÀâÕßπÈ”¢Õß

»«Ω. ¢÷Èπ‰ª‡°Á∫‰«â„π∂—ß¢π“¥ 1,000 ≈Ÿ°∫“»°å‡¡µ√

∑’Ë¬°√–¥—∫„Àâ Ÿß ®“°π—Èπ®–ª≈àÕ¬πÈ”∑ÿ°Ê ‡™â“ ‡¡◊ËÕ

‰¥âª√‘¡“≥πÈ”∑’ËµâÕß°“√ ·≈â«®÷ßÀ¬ÿ¥ª≈àÕ¬πÈ”

¢âÕ°”Àπ¥ ”À√—∫°“√»÷°…“

¢âÕ°”Àπ¥ ‰¡à¡’µâπ‰¡â À≠â“ÕâÕ ∏ŸªƒÂ…’ °°°≈¡

§«“¡≈÷°¢ÕßπÈ” (´¡.) 20 20 20 20

ª√‘¡“µ√πÈ”„π∫àÕ (≈∫. ¡.) 1.776 1.743 1.538 1.630

√–¬–‡«≈“°—°‡°Á∫πÈ”„π∫àÕ («—π) 7.8 5.3 5.2 6.0

¿“√–ª√‘¡“≥πÈ” (≈∫.¡./µ√.¡./ «—π) 0.026 0.037 0.033 0.030

¿“√–∫’‚Õ¥’ (°°./µ√.¡./«—π) 0.0008 0.001 0.0010 0.0009

3. º≈°“√∑¥≈Õß·≈– √ÿªº≈º≈°“√»÷°…“· ¥ß‰«â„π·ºπ¿Ÿ¡‘∑’Ë 1 ·≈– 2

´÷Ëß “¡“√∂ √ÿªº≈ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ„π°“√≈¥ª√‘¡“≥

§«“¡ °ª√°µà“ß Ê „ππÈ”¢Õß·µà≈–∫àÕ ¥—ß· ¥ß‰«â„π

µ“√“ß¢â“ß≈à“ß ÷Ë ß®–æ∫«à“∫àÕ∑’Ëª≈Ÿ°µâπ‰¡â ¡’

ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ¥’°«à“∫àÕ∑’Ë ‰¡à¡’µâπ‰¡âÕ¬à“ß‡ÀÁπ‰¥â™—¥

ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ¢Õß∫àÕ∑’Ë¡’µâπ‰¡â·µà≈–∫àÕ‰¡à·µ°µà“ß°—π

∑—È ßπ’È∫àÕ∑’Ë¡’µâπ‰¡â “¡“√∂≈¥ª√‘¡“≥§«“¡ °ª√°

„π√Ÿª¢Õß ∫’ ‚Õ¥’ “√·¢«π≈Õ¬ ∑’‡§‡ÕÁπ ·≈–

øÕ øÕ√— ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ‰¥âÕ¬à“ßπâÕ¬ 89 82 70 ·≈– 82

‡ªÕ√å‡´Áπµå µ“¡≈”¥—∫

·ºπ¿Ÿ¡‘∑’Ë 1 · ¥ßº≈¢Õß§à“ ∫’‚Õ¥’ µ–°Õπ·¢«π≈Õ¬·≈– ´’‚Õ¥’ „ππÈ”‡¢â“·≈–πÈ”ÕÕ°®“°∫àÕµà“ßÊ

ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ„π°“√≈¥ ‰¡à¡’µâπ‰¡â À≠â“ÕâÕ ∏ŸªƒÂ…’ °°°≈¡

§«“¡ °ª√° (‡ªÕ√å‡´Áπµå) (control) (reed) (cattail) (bulrush)

∫’‚Õ¥’ 2 89 96 96

“√·¢«π≈Õ¬ -171 82 91 97

∑’‡§‡ÕÁπ 35 70 74 90

øÕ øÕ√— ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ 41 82 97 94

»Ÿπ¬å«‘®—¬·≈–Ωñ°Õ∫√¡¥â“π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ °√¡ àß‡ √‘¡§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ¢-5

·ºπ¿Ÿ¡‘∑’Ë 2 · ¥ßº≈¢Õß§à“ øÕ øÕ√— ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ·≈– ∑’‡§‡ÕÁπ „ππÈ”‡¢â“·≈–πÈ”ÕÕ°®“°∫àÕµà“ß Ê

4. ‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß1. Brix H. (1993). Wastewater Treatment in

Contructed Wetlands : System Design,

Removal Processes, and Treatment

Per formance. In G. A. Moshir i (ed)

Constructed Wetlands for Water Quality

Improvement, Lewis Publishers, U.S.A.,

pp.9-22.

2. Gearheart R.A. and Higley M. (1993).

Constructed Open Surface Wetlands : the

Water Qual i ty Benef i ts and Wildl i fe

Benefits - City of Arcata, California.

In G.A. Moshiri (ed) Constructed Wetlands

for Water Quality Improvement, Lewis

Publishers, U.S.A., pp.561-567.

3. Steiner G.R. and Combs D.W. (1993).

Small Constructed Wetlands Systems for

Domestic Waste Water Treatment and

their Performance. In G.A. Moshiri (ed)

Constructed Wetlands for Water Quality

Improvement, Lewis Publishers, U.S.A.,

pp.491-498.

4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Design Manual for Constructed Wetlands

and Loading Aquatic Plant Systems

for Municipal Waste Water Treatment.

EPA/625/1-88-022, September, 1988

5. Tchobanoglous G. and Burton F.L. (1991)

Waste Water Engineering : Treatment,

Disposal and Reuse, 3 rd edit ion.

MetCalf&Eddy, Inc. pp.992-1016.


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