UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT...

10
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT BERKELEY Decimation and Interpolation Decimation Anti-aliasing (decimation) filtering before downsampling Filter has cutoff frequency of π/M Interpolation Anti-imaging (interpolation) filtering after upsampling Filter has cutoff frequency of π/L M h[n] L g[n]

Transcript of UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT...

UN

IVE

RS

ITY

OF

CA

LIF

OR

NIA

AT

BE

RK

EL

EY

Dec

imat

ion

and

Inte

rpol

atio

n

Dec

imat

ion

• A

nti-a

liasi

ng (

deci

mat

ion)

filte

ring

befo

re d

owns

ampl

ing

• F

ilter

has

cut

off f

requ

ency

ofπ

/M

Inte

rpol

atio

n

• A

nti-i

mag

ing

(inte

rpol

atio

n) fi

lterin

g af

ter

upsa

mpl

ing

• F

ilter

has

cut

off f

requ

ency

ofπ

/L

Mh[

n] Lg[

n]

UN

IVE

RS

ITY

OF

CA

LIF

OR

NIA

AT

BE

RK

EL

EY

Rat

iona

l Rat

e C

hang

ers

Cha

nge

the

Sam

plin

g R

ate

by a

Fac

tor

of L

/M

• R

atio

nal d

ecim

atio

n sy

stem

• G

ener

al s

truc

ture

• f[

n] is

a lo

wpa

ss fi

lter

with

cut

off f

requ

ency

• F

ilm to

NT

SC

form

at r

equi

res

a 30

/24

= 5

/4 r

ate

chan

ge

• S

peec

h co

mpr

essi

on fr

om 4

8 K

Hz

to 8

KH

z re

quire

s a

rate

chan

ge o

f 1/6

, so

ther

e is

no

upsa

mpl

er

• W

hat a

bout

CD

to D

AT c

onve

rsio

n? 4

80/4

41?

LM

f[n]

f sL

f sL

f sL

f s /

MS

ampl

ing

Rat

e

min

π L---π M-----

,

UN

IVE

RS

ITY

OF

CA

LIF

OR

NIA

AT

BE

RK

EL

EY

Ups

ampl

ing

cont

inuo

us ti

me

disc

rete

tim

e

upsa

mpl

ing

by 3

writ

ten

as3

or 1

:3

Ups

ampl

ing

by L

• T

akes

one

sam

ple

and

inse

rts

L-1

zero

es a

fter

it

• In

crea

se s

ampl

ing

rate

by

L

• T

ime

dom

ain

• F

requ

ency

dom

ain

• F

requ

ency

axi

s ex

pand

edby

a fa

ctor

of L

yn[

]x

n L---if

n L---I

0o

the

rwis

e

= Yω(

)X

()

=

UN

IVE

RS

ITY

OF

CA

LIF

OR

NIA

AT

BE

RK

EL

EY

Dow

nsam

plin

g

cont

inuo

us ti

me

disc

rete

tim

e

dow

nsam

plin

g by

3w

ritte

n as

3 or

3:1

Dow

nsam

plin

g by

M

• T

akes

inM

sam

ples

and

outp

uts

the

first

sam

ple

• R

educ

es s

ampl

ing

rate

byM

• T

ime

dom

ain

• F

requ

ency

dom

ain

• F

requ

ency

axi

s co

mpr

esse

dby

a fa

ctor

ofM

•M

-1 a

liasi

ng v

ecto

rs

yn[

]x

Mn

[]

=

Yω(

)X

ω2

πk– M

--------

--------

---

k0

=

M1

– ∑=

UN

IVE

RS

ITY

OF

CA

LIF

OR

NIA

AT

BE

RK

EL

EY

Res

ampl

ing

Cha

ngin

g th

e S

ampl

ing

Rat

e

• C

onve

rsio

n be

twee

n au

dio

form

ats

• S

peec

h co

mpr

essi

on

• V

ideo

form

at c

onve

rsio

n

Dig

ital

Aud

io T

ape

Com

pact

Dis

c44

.1 K

Hz

48 K

Hz

48.0

44.1

--------

--

1 6---S

peec

hon

DAT 48

KH

z

Spe

ech

for

Tele

phon

e8

KH

z

Film

Tele

visi

on

24 fr

ames

/sec

30 fr

ames

/sec

30 24------

UN

IVE

RS

ITY

OF

CA

LIF

OR

NIA

AT

BE

RK

EL

EY

Ana

log-

to-D

igita

l Con

vers

ion

1 T---

yn

T(

)x

t()

yt()

h(t)

Q[. ]

yn

T(

)

Ant

i-Alia

sing

Filt

erS

ampl

erQ

uant

izer

n

y(t)

y(n

T)

xt()

ttn

y(n

T)

^

UN

IVE

RS

ITY

OF

CA

LIF

OR

NIA

AT

BE

RK

EL

EY

Dis

adva

ntag

es o

f Dig

ital S

yste

ms

Pro

gram

mab

ility

•Sp

eed

is to

o sl

ow f

or s

ome

app

lica

tion

s

•H

igh

aver

age

pow

er a

nd

peak

pow

er c

onsu

mp

tion

RIS

C (2

Wat

ts) v

s.D

SP

(50

mW

)

•A

lias

ing

from

un

der

sam

pli

ng

•C

lipp

ing

from

qu

anti

zati

on

DAT

A

ME

MO

RY

PR

OG

ME

MO

RY

HA

RVA

RD

AR

CH

ITE

CT

UR

E vQ[v

]

v

UN

IVE

RS

ITY

OF

CA

LIF

OR

NIA

AT

BE

RK

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EY

Adv

anta

ges

of D

igita

l Sys

tem

s

Pro

gram

mab

ility

•M

odifi

able

in th

e fi

eld

•Im

ple

men

t mu

ltip

le s

tan

dar

ds

•B

ette

r u

ser

inte

rfac

es

•To

lera

nce

for

ch

ange

s in

sp

ecifi

cati

ons

•G

et b

ette

r u

se o

f h

ard

war

e fo

r lo

w-s

pee

d o

per

atio

ns

•D

ebu

ggin

g

•U

ser

pro

gram

mab

ilit

y

UN

IVE

RS

ITY

OF

CA

LIF

OR

NIA

AT

BE

RK

EL

EY

Adv

anta

ges

of D

igita

l Sys

tem

s

Per

fect

rec

onst

ruct

ion

of a

sign

al is

pos

sibl

e ev

en a

fter

seve

re d

isto

rtio

n

Bet

ter

trad

e-of

f bet

wee

nba

ndw

idth

and

noi

seim

mun

ity

band

wid

th

perf

orm

ance

anal

og

digi

tal

Incr

ease

sig

nal-t

o-no

ise

ratio

sim

ply

by a

ddin

gm

ore

bits

SN

R =

-7.

2 +

6 d

B/b

it

UN

IVE

RS

ITY

OF

CA

LIF

OR

NIA

AT

BE

RK

EL

EY

Alia

sing

f s-f

s

•A

lias

ing

dis

tort

ion

•Q

uan

tiza

tion

noi

se

•B

and

wid

th li

mit

atio

ns

•C

ost o

f A

/D &

D/A

con

vers

ion

• A

1 H

z Si

ne w

ave

sam

pled

at 1

.8 H

z•

A 0

.8 H

z si

ne w

ave

sam

pled

at 1

.8 H

z