/

Homework Review

, /

(Variables) , , .. , , .

, .. () (, , , ) (Cohen, & Manion, 2000)

(.. ) (.. ) (.. , , ..)

HomeWork: , , , .

( )( - ): -: : (ordered) (ranked)

: O (categorical) (nominal) . : (qualitative) (ordinal) (ranked) : O (quantitative) -- (interval scale) .: ) (discrete) (discontinuous), ) (continuous) , ) (ratio scale).

Variables Types: Ordinal ( )SchoolPerformanceVery GoodGoodPoor, , C, D , ..

( , , , )

(,, )

( / / / )

Variables Types: Nominal (categorical) ( )Christian (Orthodox)Christian (Catholic)MuslimBuddhistHindu , .

Variables Types: Nominal (categorical) ( ) PaphosLefkosiaLemesosLarnaca

Variables Types: Ratio (continuous) ( )How old are you?18 years, 3 months, 2 days17 1/12 years (17 years & 1 month exactly)1.33333 years (1 year & 4 months exactly)0 years (has just been born)

Variables Types: Ratio (continuous) ( ) ;18.1236.249.060.00 (nothing)

;

: -: -: - : , - : , : , , --

Source: www.eey.gov.cy

HomeWork: , , , .. , .

( ) (, , , ): , , . (, , ): , .

. .

(Independent Variable) . -, (Dependent Variable) . -,

Developmentplanning

School Effectiveness

Parents andcommunity

Teaching andlearning

Professionaldevelopment

Management

Leadership

Culture andclimate

(, , ) : . , (, , , ..).

: ( , , ..).

: . , , .. ( ;)CompositeConfounding InterveningControl ExtraneousSuppressorRandom

- , ( ) , . . . . .

- , ( ) , . . . . . ;

- HomeWork: , , , .. , ,

( & , 2005) , (Cohen, & Manion, 2000)

: . .

. . , , .

(Declarative, Directional Hypothesis) , : (Null Hypothesis)

:

HYPOTHESES Null hypothesis (H0)Alternative hypothesis (H1)Direction of hypothesis: states the kind of difference or relationship between two conditions or two groups of participantsOne-tailed (directional): people who study in silent surroundings achieve better than those who study in noisy surroundingsTwo-tailed (no direction): there is a difference between people who study in silent surroundings and those who study in noisy surroundings

OPERATIONALISING HYPOTHESES Hypothesis: people who study in quiet surroundings achieve better than those who study in noisy surroundingsWhat do work better, quiet and noisy mean? Define the operations:work better = obtain a higher score on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale quiet = silencenoisy = CD music playingOperationalised hypothesis: people who study in silence achieve a higher score on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale than those who study with CD music playing

Directional (one-tailed):

People who do homework without the TV on produce better results than those who do homework with the TV on.

Non-directional (two-tailed): There is a difference between work produced in noisy or silent conditions.

, .

, .

, .

, .

, .

.

:

, 4 (, , , );

. . / / / / . . .... / . ; / / / / ; ; ()

- HomeWork: , , ( ) / .

()

.. .. - ..

/ / : , - / / / - /

: () ()

HomeWork: , , , .

HomeWork HomeWork MS Word . portfolio HomeWork , , .

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *