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Sir STEVEN RUNCIMAN A HISTORY OF THE CRUSADES

II

NIK. . 1979

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Outremer , , . . Outremer, , , , , . , , Louis , , . , . , ' , , ' . , , . Outremer. , Outremer, ' . ' Outremer. . , . . . , , , , . sir George Hill . . ' . , Outremer . La Monte . . . . , , Cambridge . 1954

STEVEN RUNCIMAN

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, IV, 12 . Hattin, . . ' , , , . , . . . . , , ' . , , . . , , . Conrad de Montferrat. , Saladin, , . ' . Saladin , , , Joscius, . , 1. 1187 , ' , William II . . , William . . . 1185 , , , , . , Brindisi, ' . Joscius, , 2. Digitized by 10uk1s

3. , Urban III, ' . 20 4. , VIII, . . , . . . , . . . . 5. ' . Pisa 17 , ' , Praeneste, , Clement III. Clement , Frederick Barbarossa, 6. ' . Aimery, Henry II, Banyas 7. Joscius , Henry, Richard, Poitou, 8. Henry Philip Augustus . 1188 Joscius Gisors, Normandy , . . Philip, of Flanders, , , , ' . , , . 9. Henry Le Mans Saladin, , . Henry , Canterbury Baldwin. 10. Gisors Henry 11. . Saladin , Gilbert of Hoxton, , William the Lion, , Henry, . Henry 12. , . Richard Poitou, 1188 Digitized by 10uk1s

of Toulouse. , ' , Berry. Henry Philip . 1189, Richard, , Philip Henry. . Philip, of Flanders of Blois 13. 1188 , , , . Canterbury Baldwin . ' Philip Richard Henry . 3 , Philip Tours , Henry, , . , , 6 , Chinon14. . . , Richard, ' Philip, , Philip . Philip ' . Richard ' 15. 3 Westminster, York. . . Richard ' ' , . Baldwin . . . ' , William Longchamp, Ely, , Hugh de Puiset, Durham, . Eleanor . , , . . , Saladin, . William Berwick Roxburgh Henry 16. Rothrud, Perche, ' Philip Richard Vzelay 1 , . 17 1188 , , ' . 1190. Saladin , ' SaladinDigitized by 10uk1s

18. , , 19. Frederick Barbarossa, 20. . , Richard Vzelay. . ' Isabella Hainault, 21. 4 Vzelay, , 22. Hattin, . William . William 18 1189 Tancred ' 23. , , , ' Jacques, Avesnes, 24. . , , . , , ' , Silves, Saint Vincent. 29 ' 25. Frederick Barbarossa. Frederick . Conrad - , . , . , . . . Montferrat . Conrad . Henry Constance . Urban III 1187 . VIII Clement III 26. Frederick Mainz 27 1188 . , Lactate Hierusalem 27. . , Henry VI. , Heinrich the Lion, duke of Saxony and Bavaria, , , , , , Henry II

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28. ' . 29. , Frederick ' , , Kilidj Arslan , Henry von Dietz. Saladin 1189 30. . 1188 ' 31. Saladin, , . ' ' . . 1189, Frederick . , Frederick Swabia , , 32. Bela . 23 33. . , . . . . . . . . . . . ' . Saladin, . . , Bela 1185. . , . Frederick , ' , 34. , . , , . ' , ' . Frederick, , . Stephen Nemanya, , , Digitized by 10uk1s

' , , , . ' . Frederick. , , Frederick , , , Frederick , . Frederick , , , . , . ' Frederick , , Frederick. Frederick, , Frederick Swabia, -, , Henry . ' , , . , . . Frederick , , . Frederick . . Frederick . , . , 1190, , , , 35. , Frederick , , ' . , . 27 , . 3 , ' , , . . Kilidj Arslan, , ' ' . , , , . . . Digitized by 10uk1s

, Frederick 17 . , ' , Qutb ad-Din, . , ' , . , 30 ' , , . , Saladin. 36. 10 , , . . . ' , , ' . 37. , . . , , ' . Saladin ' . Frederick , , Beha ad-Din, ' . Kilidj Arslan . Frederick, . Saladin 38. , Saladin . ' , . , , . Frederick . Swabia ' , . , . . , , , . ' , . . . , . . , Digitized by 10uk1s

. 21 . Frederick , 39. Bohemund . . , , ' . . Frederick Swabia Bohemund Conrad de Montferrat, , . , . . Conrad, Frederick , Saladin Conrad . , ' . ' . Frederick Barbarossa 40. .

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II ACRE , , .

21, 4 Saladin , . Acre 1187, . , . , Conrad de Montferrat . Saladin ' ' . , , , . Conrad, . , Saladin . , 41. William II 1188 , . Saladin 1188 42. . . , , . Saladin, 1188, ' . , . Saladin 43. ' , Saladin . ' ' . ' . . , , Kerak Montreal ' , Humphrey de Toron, Saladin . Guy Ascalon. . Ascalon . Sibylla Saladin . 1188, Saladin . , ' , Guy,

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Amalric, . Montferrat 44. Saladin . ' , . Saladin . , Balian d'Ibelin Hattin, . . Lusignan Courtenay Raymond Raymond, Ibelin , , , Guy Knights Reynald de Ch tillon. Raymond Reynald , . ' . Balian Conrad de Montferrat. . Guy, , , , . Guy, 45. Sibylla, , . Raymond 1187, Bohemund , Bohemund , Lusignan . Guy Saladin. . ' , , . Saladin . , Bohemund , Guy ' . Conrad . Conrad, Guy Hattin . Conrad. Guy , Conrad . Frederick ' . Conrad. Richard , Lusignan Guienne, Guy, Philip Conrad. Guy 46. Saladin, , 1189 . , Acre, , , , 47. Guy Sibylla . Conrad , . . , Digitized by 10uk1s

VIII . . 6 1189, . Conrad Guy, , Guy . . Saladin . , , Guy , Acre. . , . , Guy ' . Conrad Guy . . Acre Guy Saladin . . . Conrad , Guy 48. ' Guy, Saladin , ' , Beaufort. , ' , , Reynald . Saladin . , , . Beaufort . , , Saladin Beaufort Reynald. Reynald ' . , . Saladin , Reynald 49. , Saladin Guy ' Beaufort, Acre. ' . . , , Acre Acre . Saladin, , 50. Guy Acre 28 , -, , , . , , , 51. Acre Haifa. .Digitized by 10uk1s

' " ". . ' , . . ' . Acre . Saladin . , , 52. . , , , William ' 53. Jacques d'Avesnes 54, , Brienne Philip. , Louis, Thuringia, . , . Saladin, Beaufort, . Guy 15 , ' . . . Louis Thuringia ' Conrad de Montferrat , ' Guy. 4 , , Guy, Godfrey, , Saladin. . , , Knights Saladin . . . , Saladin , Acre. Godfrey de Lusignan , Saladin . , . . Knights. Gerard de Ridfort, Guy Hattin, . Conrad , Guy 55.

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. . , 56. , Flanders , 57. . ' Acre . Saladin . Frederick, , , . , 58. ' ' , ' . . 30 Saladin , , Acre. 26 , 59. ' . , . . . . , . Saladin . . . , . 60. . , . . ' . , Guy Conrad . Conrad , , ' Guy . ' , Conrad . Saladin Acre . ' , , ' , Conrad . , , , 5 , . 61. Acre , ' , 62. ' Saladin. 19 , ' 63. Digitized by 10uk1s

25 , , , , , , Saladin. . , Ralph de Alta Ripa, Colchester, 64. , , , . , . Thibaut, of Blois , Sibylla, Ralph, Clermont, , de - Blois . Henry de , Champagne, , , Eleanor Aquitaine , ' . . , Avesnes Landgrave of Thuringia 65. Landgrave, , , 66. Frederick Swabia, Barbarossa, Acre 67. Acre. Canterbury Baldwin 68. . ' . Beaufort Saladin, Frederick . . , , . Frederick Swabia . 69. , Saladin , . , . ' Haifa , . . 70. , Sibylla. Guy 71. Isabella Guy . . ; , Balian d'Ibelin, ' . Conrad de Montferrat. Isabella, Guy. ' . Conrad , . , , Digitized by 10uk1s

. Isabella, Humphrey de Toron, . Humphrey , 1186, Guy Baldwin IV. . Humphrey . . Isabella . Humphrey , . . , , Balian. Humphrey. Baldwin IV . Humphrey, ' . Canterbury . , , Richard Lusignan, . Conrad Conrad Isabella . Pisa, , Conrad, , , . , Philip, Isabella Conrad 24 1190. Lusignan Guy Richard , Guienne . Baldwin, , ' , 19 . , ' Conrad. Guy Conrad Conrad, , . Lusignan ' . , Isabella ' . Conrad, , ' . , , Isabella , . Conrad, , , , Guy , 72. . Saladin , . , , , , ' Acre. Thibaut de Blois Stephen de 73. 20 1191, Frederick Swabia , , Leopold , , 74. Henry Champagne 75. , , Conrad , .Digitized by 10uk1s

, , . 76. ' , 31 , . . , . . , Saladin 13 , ' . . , . ' 77. . . , . . . . , , , , , , . , 78.

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III THE LION HEART . , ,.

IV, 6,7 Philip Augustus Acre 20 1191, Richard , . Hattin . , . Richard , . Philip . , . , , . . . . . Richard, , . ' . , Philip, . . Richard. , , Poitou, , . . . , Eleonor. . , , . . , , . . , . . , . , , ' 79. Philip Augustus . Richard, . , Richard. , Digitized by 10uk1s

, . . ' , . , . . , , , . , , . . ' , . . , , . ' Richard , . Richard , 80. Vezelay 4 1190. Richard , . Philip , . , , Vezelay Lyon. , , . . Lyon . Philip -, , , . Richard , 22 . , , ' . , Richard, Baldwin Canterbury, ' , 81. , , William II. William 1189. Richard, . Constance Henry von Hohenstaufen, Frederick Barbarossa. , . , Clement III, Hohenstaufen , , Constance Henry, , Tancred, . Tancred , , . ' . Tancred ' , ' , . , , 82. Philip ' Digitized by 10uk1s

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Philip. . Richard. , , . . Richard . ' Philip , . , Mategrifon, " ". Philip . , , Tancred , Richard . Tancred . Henry von Hohenstaufen . ' Richard Philip. Philip Hohenstaufen Philip . Richard, , , Hohenstaufen, . Tancred . Richard Henry II . Richard . , , , ' Tancred. Tancred Philip, Richard , . , Richard . Philip . 8 , , Richard . . . . . . , . . ' . Philip . , , , Richard Henry II. Henry II Richard . Henry . Richard, , , Philip. , Eleanor,

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Henry , , . Guienne, Navarre . , Philip , Richard , . Philip . Agnes, II . ' . Richard . . . , , Richard. Tancred 11 . Berengaria Navarre . . , Richard Mategrifon, . , , Fiore. . , , , , , ( , ), Saladin , . Richard, ' , Clement III, , , , . ' Richard Saladin . Richard . ' , William de Barres Philip . , Richard Philip, . Eleanor Berengaria Brindisi, , of Flanders . , . Richard Tancred, . Philip . Richard, . Philip 30 . , Eleanor Berengaria. Eleanor , . Berengaria 83. Richard 10 Mategrifon. Tancred .

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Clement III Celestine III. Henry von Hohenstaufen , , Constance . Philip , Conrad de Montferrat. Conrad Acre 20 . . Philip . ' . Richard 84. Richard . . ' , , , 22 1 , ' . , Berengaria, . , . , , , , Saladin. . . . Richard , . Berengaria ' . ' , , . . 8 , ' , Richard . Richard . Richard . ' . . , Richard, , . . Richard. , ' , . Richard.

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, Richard . ' Richard . . Richard Acre ' 11 , Richard , Conrad. Guy Godfrey, de Lusignan, Richard , Bohemund Raymond, Rupen, Humphrey de Toron, Isabella, Knights. Philip Conrad, Richard . Richard ' . Saladin. . 12 Richard Berengaria , Evreux. . , , Famagusta. , . Famagusta . Richard Famagusta, Philip , . , . Philip, Haifa, , . , , , Famagusta. Richard ' , . Richard . . Richard , , Buffavento, , Richard . Guy, Richard, . ' Buffavento. , , . Richard . Richard. Richard . . Richard . , Richard . , Richard of Camville Robert of Turnham, , ' Richard . . Digitized by 10uk1s

85. Richard . . . . . , ; 5 Famagusta . Guy. , . Richard , Marqab. , Tortosa, Jebeil 6 . , Philip Conrad, ' Acre, . Acre 8 86. Acre, Richard . ' . " " , " ". , " " 87. . . Richard ' . , , , Saladin . , . Saladin . al-Adil Richard. , . arnaldia, . Philip , Richard . , , Mategrifon . , 88. Saladin . Sinjar 25

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Mosul. Shaizar Hama . . , , , . ' . Acre , Saladin , . . . 89. . 90. . Richard Guy Philip Conrad. Richard, , Philip. Philip , , Richard, ' , . Saladin 91. Richard Philip Philip, of Flanders, 1177, 1 . , ' , . Philip, , , Richard . , 92. 3 , Saladin, , , , ' . , , , . . 4 , Richard , Saladin, ' . Saladin Acre . , 5 . 7 , . . 11 . . Acre , . , Conrad . , , ' . , Digitized by 10uk1s

. Saladin , . . , . . ' . Shafr'amr , , a 93. Acre. , , . Conrad, . Richard . Philip Knights, . . , , Richard . Leopold . , , Richard. Acre . Conrad ' Philip . 94. Acre. , , . ' Guy , Conrad Isabella . Conrad , , Guy . Conrad, Philip . . ' Acre . Richard . Philip Richard Richard , . 31 Acre , Conrad, , Richard. , Philip Brindisi 95. Philip . Flanders, . , Richard . Richard

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Louis , ' . Philip . ' Richard , , 96. Philip, Richard Saladin. Acre. Acre, Saladin ' . 2 , Richard . . , Saladin , . 11 Richard , . ' Acre. Saladin , , . . . Saladin, , , . Richard Acre . . , 20 , , Saladin Acre. , , Richard, ' . . , . Acre, , ' , ' . , ' 97. , 22 , Richard Acre. Conrad , , . , , ' . Richard . Saladin Shafr'amr , . Richard , .Digitized by 10uk1s

' -, . , . ' Haifa Saladin Acre . . Richard ' ' . . , Saladin, ' Acre. . , Richard , 98. 30 , . . Richard . , . , , . , , , . , Sanctum Sepulchrum adjuva, " ". Saladin . Arsuf, . 5 , Richard Saladin al-Adil, . , ' , . al-Adil . , 7 , Richard , . Henry Champagne . . Knights , . ' Guienne, Guy , Godfrey de Lusignan. , , , Avesnes Hugh Hospitaliers. , Richard . . , , . . , ' ' , . Hospitaliers ' , .

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, . , Richard . , Hospitaliers . , , . Richard , , marshal Baldwin Carew, . , , . , . ' . Saladin, , . . . Saladin . . 99. Arsuf , . , Avesnes, . . , Saladin , Richard . . Hattin Saladin . Acre, . Richard . , . , . . Saladin, , . Acre, . , Nur ad-Din, Saladin, . . , , . , . ' , Richard . , . Ramleh, Richard. Jaffa . Richard . . , ' , ' . Digitized by 10uk1s

, , , . Saladin , . . Richard , . Jaffa, . ' ' , . Saladin . , Richard Ascalon ' , , Ramleh Ascalon , 100. Jaffa. . , . Acre . . , . . Acre. Richard Guy , . Richard Acre 101. Richard . Acre , Conrad . , Richard Robert of Turnham Philip . , Knights 102. ' ' Saladin. Saladin ' Al-Adil, . Jaffa, Richard Humphrey de Toron, , , , al-Adil, , . al-Adil , . , ' , Conrad. Richard , . Saladin . , 20 , Richard . , al-Adil, , al-Adil Saladin, , , Richard, Ascalon. , . . , Knights Hospitaliers . Saladin, ' , . Richard . , Berengaria Jaffa, . , , . Richard al-Adil . al-Adil, , , Richard 8 . . Saladin , , Conrad, Digitized by 10uk1s

Reynald , Beaufort, . Saladin Richard, Humphrey de Toron. ' al-Adil , ' . , Richard . Richard, ' . , al-Adil , Eleanor , , , . ' , Richard . Conrad . , Acre . Richard, ' . Saladin ' . al-Adil Richard, , , , Conrad, , . Richard ' Humphrey Reynald al-Adil . , al-Adil 103. . , , Richard, William de , . 104. Saladin . . Richard ' . , , Acre, Jaffa, Ramleh . , . . Blanchegarde. , . Saladin . Richard , 28 . . . . 3 -, . , . , . , Hospitaliers, Knights , . Richard Digitized by 10uk1s

, ' , Saladin , ' . . , ; , . Richard . ' , 105. Ramleh. , , . ' , , Jaffa, Acre. Richard ' , . 20 Ramleh, Ibelin, Ascalon. Saladin . Saladin, . 106. Acre, Richard Ascalon . . , , . . Saladin . Richard , , . Jezireh Mosul. , . 107. , Acre . , Richard Conrad Ascalon Conrad . , Hugh Acre. Philip Richard. Richard . . Acre, , , . , Guy, Hugh , . Hugh, Conrad Richard . 20 Richard Acre . Conrad Casal Imbert, , . Conrad ' Ascalon Richard , . . Richard Ascalon, , Saladin 108. al-Adil. , Stephen of Turnham, Reynald Balian d'Ibelin.

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Saladin Conrad Balian , . , 20 , al-Adil Richard . , . ' . , . . al-Adil , . al-Adil 109. Hereford, Richard . , William, Ely, Richard . Richard , 5 , , , . , , . . ' Guy Conrad. , Guy. Conrad. Richard . ' Conrad . , Henry Champagne, . Henry 20 , . Acre Conrad Ascalon. Henry Acre, 110. Conrad , , . , 28 1192, , Isabella, . , Philip, Bishop of Beauvais. , , ' ' , . , , . . . , , . ' , . Conrad . , . .

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Conrad Balian d'Ibelin. . Saladin Richard Conrad Richard Saladin ' . , Richard . Saladin Richard, Conrad, . , Beauvais , 111. Conrad . , , , . ' . , Isabella, . Henry Champagne , Acre . , . Henry, . . Isabella Henry. Conrad . . Henry . Isabella , , . Henry Richard. Richard Acre . Henry . Richard . Henry . Henry Isabella. 5 1192, ' , Isabella Acre Henry . . Acre 112. . Henry , . Richard Guy. . . Knights, , . , ' Guy ' Knights, , , , Guy . , Guy 113. , Richard Henry Ascalon.

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Saladin . , Richard, , Daron, , . Henry, , Acre. , Richard Daron 23 , ' , . Richard Saladin. 114. Saladin , . Henry Daron , . Ascalon . Richard . Poitou . 115. 7 Ascalon. Ramleh Blanchegarde, 9 11. Richard . Saladin Jezireh Mosul. . , . , , Richard . , ' . . . , , , . Richard. ' , , , Saladin . 20 , ' , . , Richard , , , - Hebron. . ' , , . -. Saladin . Richard . , . 1

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, ' . , . ' . . . . Richard . , Richard ' -. 4 Saladin . ' 116. Jaffa, Richard . Henry Champagne Saladin ' . Richard, , . Saladin . Saladin Henry , , Ascalon. Richard Ascalon Saladin . , Richard Acre, ' . , , 117. Saladin . 27 , Jaffa . ' , . . . , . Saladin . . ' Saladin ' . Jaffa Richard Saladin . , , , . , , Jaffa , . 31, Saladin , ' , Richard . . Richard, ' , .

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. , , Saladin, Richard . , , . Richard , , . Saladin . , . . , , . Richard Jaffa . 118. Saladin Abu-Bakr, . Richard ' ' Jaffa Saladin ' . ' . Abu-Bakr . Saladin , , Jaffa -, . Richard Jaffa Ascalon Saladin, . Saladin Jaffa, Ascalon. Ascalon . 119. Richard Jaffa, . Saladin, Richard Jaffa, . , 5 , , . Richard . . , . , . , ' , Richard . . . . , , Richard . , Richard . Saladin . Richard, ' , . . Richard . , Saladin , Richard 120.

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, Richard . . , Saladin Ramleh , Richard, , . Richard . Saladin , Ascalon. Richard . al-Adil, , Saladin Ascalon. Saladin . . Ascalon. Richard . , , . Henry . Ascalon ; . , 28 , al-Adil Saladin. , 2 1192, . Richard . Richard , Henry Champagne, Balian d'Ibelin Hospitaliers Knights ' . Saladin Richard. . , Jaffa , . . . Ascalon 121. Saladin , , , , . Richard , . Hubert Walter, Bishop of Salisbury, . Richard. , Saladin . Saladin , , . Saladin 122. Richard . Saladin , . Saladin . , , ' . ' 200.000 123. Richard Acre. , . 29

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, Berengaria Acre . , 9 , Richard . . , . , , , , ' . Richard , Henry . Richard . 11 ' . Leopold , Acre. Leopold Conrad de Montferrat . , Henry VI. Henry Tancred , 1194, . Philip. ' , . , , 26 1199, , . , 124.

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IV .

II, 7 . . , , ' . Conrad . Acre Jaffa, , . . Saladin . . . , . ' , . , , Jaffa . , Bohemund ' , Hospitaliers Knights Tortosa, . . Saladin . Richard Acre, . . . Bohemund , 4 . . , . . , . . . , 19 1193, . . , . 1 . , al-Afdal, . , 3 , " ' ", 125. Saladin . . Digitized by 10uk1s

. Reynald de Chtillon, , . . . , . . , , . ' , , , . ' ' , ' . . . . . . , , . , . ' , Vincent de Beauvais, ' ' 126. . Nur ad-Din . . Richard ' . ' , . , . . Saladin . , . . , Saladin . ' al-Afdal, , . Saladin , al-Afdal ' ' . ' , al-Afdal . , , . al-Aziz , . , al-Zahir, ' . , , Hauran, al-Afdal. Saladin , Tughtigin, Turan Shah , al-Adil, Saladin . Jezireh, . ' . Zengi, Izz ad-Din Imad ad-Din Mosul Sinjar Mardin Kaifa. , Digitized by 10uk1s

Saladin, , 127. Saladin, . , - ' Izz ad-Din, . al-Adil Izz ad-Din , . Izz ad-Din, Nur ad-Din Arslan , , al-Adil. , al-Afdal al-Aziz. az Ibn al-Athir, Ibn al-Athir, . , al-Aziz, . , alAziz 1194 . al-Afdal al-Adil, al-Aziz . . al-Afdal al-Aziz Jabala az-Zahir , al-Aziz az-Zahir . alAdil . . , al-Aziz al-Adil . al-Aziz al-Afdal . al-Adil. al-Aziz, al-Afdal . . al-Afdal . al-, . al-Adil . al-Aziz, 1196 al-Afdal. al-Afdal Hauran al-Aziz . . 1198, al-Aziz, , . 29 . al-Mansur . , al-Adil, al-Afdal . 1199 al-Afdal . al-Adil Mardin, -Arslan . , azZahir , . ' al-Aziz . al-Afdal , az . , Shirkuh Homs, . al-Adil Mardin, al-Kamil , 8 . . az-ZahirDigitized by 10uk1s

. . al-Adil . , Shirkuh Homs 1200, al-Kamil Jezireh, , , . al-Adil al-Afdal Bilbeis. , al-Afdal , . al-Adil . az-Zahir . , al-Adil , al-Afdal . al-Adil . . al-Afdal Mayyafariqin . az-Zahir al-Adil, . 1201, al-Adil Saladin . al-Mansur . al-Afdal Mayyafariqin al-Adil, al. , al-Kamil, , , al, , , al-, Jezireh Harran. . Saladin 128. ' . Henry Champagne - ' . Henry ' . , . ' 129. . . Randulph. 1194, , Acre, Aymar, , . Henry , . , . Joscius, , Acre. 130. ' Henry . Henry . , Balian d'Ibelin, . Guy de Lusignan , Henry . 1193, Henry Guy. . Digitized by 10uk1s

Acre. ' Henry Acre. Guy, Amalric de Lusignan, Guy , . Eschiva d'Ibelin, Balian Guy, Baldwin Ramleh. . Henry ' . Hospitaliers Knights Henry ' Jaffa, Richard Godfrey. Henry ' 1194 Jean d'Ibelin, Balian Isabella. , Acre Henry 131. Guy 1194. Henry . Guy Godfrey. Godfrey Amalric Jaffa . Henry , . Amalric . Baldwin, Beisan, Acre Henry ' Amalric . Amalric, Guy, Hugh, Isabella, de Montferrat Philip de Champagne. ' . . Hugh , . , , . , , , . , . "" 132. , Amalric Henry. , , . . ' . . ' , , , Henry VI, . . 1195, Amalric, Renier Jebeil, , , . Amalric 1197, , Conrad, , Digitized by 10uk1s

Amalric ' 133. ' , , , . , Amalric , , , . , Famagusta . 134. Henry Champagne ' , . , . Haifa, Arsuf Saladin, , Balian d'Ibelin -, . Ibelinss, Henry . . Bohemund III , , Saladin . Saladin 1188, ' Jabala, , Mansur Ibn . Saladin . . Frederick Swabia Barbarossa , Bohemund ' , , , Richard . . , Raymond , Guy de Lusignan , Conrad de Montferrat . , , , II, Rupen III. 1186, II Bohemund . ' 1187, Sibylla. Bohemund. . Bohemund , Saladin , . 1191, Saladin Baghras, Knights. , . Bohemund ' Knights , , Saladin. Saladin Baghras . Bohemund Saladin Bohemund, Sibylla, Digitized by 10uk1s

William . 1193, Bohemund Baghras . Bohemund Sibylla , . , ' . Bohemund , , , Sibylla . marshal Bohemund, , , , . , , Bohemund , , . , , . . , , , . ' . Hethoum Baghras. , , ' . , Bohemund, Raymond, Bohemund. Raymond . Bohemund Henry Champagne, . , ' . . . , , , . , Ralph II, Aimery of Limoges. . . , ' 135. Bohemund . , Sis. , Henry Champagne . , Saladin, , . . , , ' . Conrad de Montferrat, Henry , Henry al-.Digitized by 10uk1s

Nosairi, Henry . o , , . 136. al-Kahf Henry , . , ' , Sis, . Bohemund ' , Baghras ' . , , , Bohemund Raymond , , Rupen III. . . . Henry . 137. , . Amalric , . , , . , , , , . ' , Henry VI. Henry . . ' , Celestine III. Clement III, . , , ' . . , , Celestine . ' . Henry, Amalric, , . . , 1198, , , Conrad , Conrad , Sis . , , , , , , . , , , Conrad . , , . 138. , ' , . , ,Digitized by 10uk1s

, . ' , ' . Conrad Henry . Frederick, . Henry , , . , ' . Conrad , , Bari Hohenstaufen. Acre , Amalric. Henry, , ' 139. Henry Champagne . . Ibelin, , Raymond . , , Saladin . , , , Usamah, al-Adil al-Aziz 140. . 1197, Jebeil. de Milly, Reynald . ' 141. . Acre, ' . . al-Adil, , . al-Adil . , , Acre. , , . al-Adil Acre. Henry, Hugh , , , , , . alAdil . Jaffa. Jaffa , Henry . Amalric de Lusignan . Henry ' . ' . ' , Amalric , Reynald , ' Jaffa Digitized by 10uk1s

. Reynald . Acre al-Adil. ' Henry , Acre 142. 10 1197 Henry . . Henry , , , ' . , , . Henry . 143. Henry Champagne . . , , , ' , . . . , ' . Henry, Isabella, , ' , , . Henry , . Conrad, de Montferrat, , . Isabella . , , . . Hugh Ralph. , de Saint Omer, . . Ralph . . , . , Jaffa ' . . Acre . , 20 Conrad . Conrad, Innocent III, . , , , Aymar , . . Amalric, Eschiva d'Ibelin, . Isabella. Lusignan, , Guy. , . Conrad . Amalric Henry, . ; Amalric . 1198 Acre. Isabella , 144.

Digitized by 10uk1s

. Amalric . . Hugh. , . Amalric . , , . de Montferrat. Amalric . , Sibylla Melisende 145. , Amalric . , . , Ralph , , , , . Ralph , Livre au Roi, . Amalric Ralph . 1198, ' , . . Amalric Ralph . Ralph, , . Jean d'Ibelin, , , Ralph . , Jean d'Ibelin, Ralph , . ' , 146. . 1197, , Henry Jaffa, , , Henry, ' . , . . - Usamah , al-Adil , . . Henry , , , . , Jean d'Ibelin. Jebeil , . , 147. , , , . , ' al-Adil Jaffa , .Digitized by 10uk1s

1197, Toron. , , . Conrad , al-Adil Jihad, . al-Adil alAziz . . Acre Henry . ' . , Conrad . 2 1198 . , . . . . ' . 148. , , . , Acre Hospital . . 1197 . , Hospital . 1198 . Conrad . ' . Acre, Amalric . , Montfort, Starkenberg, . , Hospitaliers Knights, 149. , Amalric al-Adil. alAziz , al-Adil, , . 1 1198 Jaffa Jebeil , . . al-Adil, , al-Aziz , . Amalric , 150. Bohemund III Jabala . . Digitized by 10uk1s

Raymond Raymond 1197. , Raymond Rupen, . Bohemund III . . Bohemund , Sibylla, . Conrad , , Acre, Sis Bohemund Raymond-Rupen 151. Conrad . Bohemund, , Bohemund III, , . . , , . , Peter II of Angouleme, , Bohemund . Bohemund ' Raymond-Rupen. . Knights, Baghras , . Hospitaliers Knights, . . , . 1198, Bohemund , ' . , Innocent III. , Innocent ' . , ' . , , , Bohemund , . Knights . Baghras , ' Baghras . Bohemund Bohemund . ' . Bohemund III 1201, Bohemund ' . , Bohemund, , Sis 152. , Digitized by 10uk1s

, . ' . Kilidj Arslan II . , Rukn ad-Din Suleiman Tokat . 1193 1201, Bohemund III . Rukn ad-Din , , 153. , Saladin az-Zahir, al-Adil, . . Acre Amalric , . Raymond-Rupen Bohemund, . al-Adil. . . al-Adil, , . . 1202 Acre. , de Nesle. , Walter Autun de Forez. , Stephen Perche, de Montfort Reynald II . , . , Reynald , , , , . , . Amalric . Reynald , , , ' Bohemund . , ' . Jabala . Jabala , . az-Zahir . , . Reynald . ' , , , ' 154. Amalric . , al-Adil , Amalric , . al-Adil, , Digitized by 10uk1s

, . ' Rosetta, . Hospitaliers Marqab , , Hama, al-Adil, alMansur 155. 1204 Amalric al-Adil. Amalric. al-Adil, , . , . ' Amalric, Jaffa Ramleh . Amalric, , 156. ' . 1 1205, ' , Acre, 157. Amalric II , , Henry, ' , , . . . ' , . , . Eschiva d'Ibelin, Hugh , . , , Walter de Montbliard, 158. Isabella, ' . . , . . . , . 159. Isabella , de Montferrat, Philip Champagne Sibylla Melisende de Lusignan. , , Jean d'Ibelin, , . . . Isabella . Balian, , . , . , , Amalric al-Adil, . 160.

Digitized by 10uk1s

II

Digitized by 10uk1s

, , , .

, 2. 1199, Thibaut Champagne Ecri Aisne. ' , . , Philip Augustus Henry . , , Fulk de Neuilly, . , . 1. Innocent III . , , , . . , 1199 Aymar 2. Henry VI, ' . . , . , , . . ' Innocent Champagne. Thibaut , 3. . , . Henry VI 1197, . Frederick Barbarossa , 1194, Henry . . , " ". , , , . . ' 1197 . Digitized by 10uk1s

Acre . Celestine III, , , , . Henry , , 4. Celestine . ' Innocent III . Constance Frederick . , , Henry, Philip Swabia, . Hohenstaufen . Welf , Otto von Brunswick. Richard 1199 , Philip . ' , , Innocent . , III 5. Fulk de Neuilly . , Richard , 6. ' ' . , Pairis , 7. Fulk . ' , Philip Augustus. Thibaut Champagne . Baldwin IX Hainault, of Flanders, Henry, Louis of Blois, Godfrey III Le Perche Simon IV de Montfort Enguerrand de Boves, Reynald de Geoffry Villehardouin . Autun . , Halberstadt von Katznellenbogen 8. , Boniface de Montferrat, Innocent de Montferrat Hohenstaufen 9. . , ' . , de 10. . Richard Digitized by 10uk1s

. . 1200 , Innocent . 1201 Thibaut Champagne Boniface de Montferrat. . Montferrat . Boniface, William . , William Sibylla Baldwin V Renier Conrad , . Innocent. Boniface 1201 Soissons, . Philip Swabia 11. Philip Swabia . . Henry. . Henry VI , Roger, , , Philip. , Philip 12. Philip, . . ' , . - . Kilidj Arslan II 1192, . . , . 1195 . , . , III, . , - Henry VI- . , 13. 1201, , , . Philip Boniface de Montferrat. . . Philip . Boniface . Digitized by 10uk1s

14. . 1201, Champagne , Geoffrey Villehardouin . Godfrey . 85000 , 28 1202 4500 , 9000 20000 . , . , , ' 15. . Autun ' . , Reynald de , Acre. . ' . , . al-Adil . , , 1202, al-Adil 16. . , . 85000 . 1202 . , , , . Boniface, , ' , . , - . ' ' , . , , ' . ' , , 17. Boniface de Montferrat, , Henry Dandolo. Dandolo , . , Digitized by 10uk1s

. , , 1193, III . ' Boniface . . , , , 18. 8 1202 . ' , 15 ' . , . Boniface . 19. , Innocent . , , . . , , 20. Dandolo . Boniface, Philip Swabia, . 1203, Philip Boniface . , ' ' , 10000 , . Boniface Dandolo, . ' . ' ' 21. , , Reynald , . . . , . . . , Boniface, , . Dandolo Boniface 22.Digitized by 10uk1s

. Philip Swabia . . ' , . , . , ' , , . , , 23. 25 , , , . . 25 . , , . , . . ' . 24 24. III . . . . ' . , , . III . , - , . . . ' . , , . . . . , , , ' 17 , Dandolo . III, , , ' . , . , , . Dandolo Digitized by 10uk1s

, , . ' , . . ' . . 1 , , IV 25. , IV . . ' . ' . ' , ' . . ' 1203, . . . . , , . , . IV. . . III . . , , , . Dandolo , , , 26. ' , III. , , . . , , , IV . . , IV , 1204. , , . , 27. ' IV . Digitized by 10uk1s

' . , ' . . IV, , . . V. 28 . , . . . . Philip Swabia, . Philip . , . Boniface de Montferrat . , Dandolo, . Boniface . , . . , , , . , . . . , . " , ". 29. V . , . . . , . , 6 , . . , ' . . . , , . . , , . , . . , , . . ' , Digitized by 10uk1s

, 30. ' . , . . , . . . . . , , , , , , ' . . , . . . , . . . , , 31. . , . . ' . , . , Villehardouin, , , , , . , , . , 32. . Boniface de Montferrat . ' , , , . . , ' , Baldwin IX, of Flanders Hainaut, , . . , , . , , , , . Digitized by 10uk1s

, , , . , , , , , , . Boniface, ' , , . , Boniface ' . Baldwin , , Renier, . . 33. 16 1204 Baldwin . 1 , Boniface , . , . , , , . . . 34. , , . . , , , , . , . Boniface de Montferrat , , de , . , William de Geoffrey Villehardouin, , 35. . . . . . , , , , , , . 1206 . , ' , ' . , , Digitized by 10uk1s

Montferrat. III , . , , . , , , , ' , , . . , . , . 36. . - . , . 1405, , Baldwin . . Baldwin, Henry, . , , , 1261 37. 1204 ' , . . Guyot de Provius , Guillem Figuera . , 38. . Innocent ' , . Baldwin , Innocent " " 39. ' "" . , Constantinopolitana Civitas diu profana, . 40. , , . , , 41. . . ; Digitized by 10uk1s

. . . . , ' . . , de , . . 42. 1204. . , Amalric al-Adil, 43. . Baldwin Innocent Outremer , . ' , . Hugh , Raymond d'Ibelin, . , ' . . . , 44. . , , . . . . , , . , . , . ' . , , Acre . . , Digitized by 10uk1s

. . , , . , . ' , . . . ' , . . , , , . , , -, . . . Innocent , . , . , . . . , , , , .

Digitized by 10uk1s

II , ;

III, 3

. . , Amalric , . , , al-Adil , , , , . , Jean d'Ibelin . 1208 ' . , Acre Aymar, , Philip . ' . . , 1210, Philip Champagne, de Brienne, 45. . . Walter Tancred , . Champagne, . , , . . , Philip Innocent 40000 46. ', Jean d'Ibelin . 1210, al-Adil , Acre . Jean d'Ibelin Hospitaliers, Guerin de Montaigu , Hermann Bardt. Knights, Philippe Le Plessiez, , . . al-Adil al-, 47. de Brienne Acre 13 1210. , 3 .

Digitized by 10uk1s

. . , al- Acre, . Knights Damietta. . al-Adil 1212. , , 48. , Isabella , Yolande. . . Yolande . , , . . , 1214 , II. 1219 Yolande 49. Acre. , Amalric, Hugh, Walter de Montbeliard, , Amalric Hugh, . , , 1210, , . Hugh 50. , , . ' , , Navarre, Champagne, . , , ' Champagne . Hugh , , , . 51. . Bohemund, , Bohemund III 1201, , Raymond-Rupen. Raymond, , . Knights, Baghras. ' Hospitaliers Bohemund. , Bohemund , , al- . ' al-Adil Bohemund. . . Digitized by 10uk1s

Innocent . , Sofred de Saint-Praxedis de Saint-Marcel, , , , , Knights Baghras, . Bohemund , . Bohemund III, , Bohemund IV , -, . 1203 1205 de Saint Marcel . Bohemund 52. Bohemund . ' , . 1204 Renoart, Nephin, Bohemund. , Ralph , , . Amalric. Bohemund , az-Zahir Bohemund. Amalric, Jean d'Ibelin , Bohemund , . , , . Champagne, Baldwin, 1204 , Bohemund Acre 53. 1206, , Bohemund , II, . Bohemund , , . , , , . . Bohemund , , . , . , . . . . , 1207, , ' . , Bohemund . , , . . , 54.Digitized by 10uk1s

Innocent . 1208 , , , al-Adil Hospitaliers. Bohemund az-Zahir . . , , Bohemund, Knights. Baghras . Bohemund , de Locedio, . , , . , , , , . Hugh , Helvis Raymond-Rupen, . 55. 1213, Bohemund, Raymond, , Tortosa. Hospitaliers, . , Hospitaliers, . Bohemund Knights . azZahir, , , al-Adil. Bohemund az-Zahir. az- . , , . az-Zahir al-Adil 56. . , Ralph, , , . de Brienne Acre. 1216, , , , , . Bohemund . Raymond-Rupen . , Baghras Knights . ' 57. . , Innocent . . , ' , , . 1211, , an-Nasir, , Las Navas de Tolosa 1212, . Digitized by 10uk1s

. 58. 1212, , Philip , Stephen, . , , , ' . Philip . Stephen, , . , . , . ' , . , , , . . , . . ' . . . ' , ' , . ' Stephen " " . , , , , , , , . , , Stephen . , ' . , , . . Stephen, , , . , , . . , . Lyon . . . . . . . .Digitized by 10uk1s

. . . ' . . Stephen, . , ' . ' , , , Hugh William , , , . Stephen . . ' . Stephen . . Stephen , , , , . , , . , . , , , , ' . , , . . . . , , , , . , , , , Mont Cenis. . , . , . . , ' , . . , . . . ' ' . Pisa. , , , . , . , Innocent . . . , ' . . , Digitized by 10uk1s

, ' . . . , , , . . . ' . Brindisi. ' - . . , . 1230 . , , . , , ' ' . . , . ' . , , . , . , ' . ' , ' . . al-Kamil, al-Adil, . , . . . , ' Frederick , 59. . Innocent . 1215, . . ' 1213, , Robert de Couron, , . . , . Robert 1215, Digitized by 10uk1s

. . , 1 1217 60. ' . ' 1216 . ' , . . Innocent . 666 "" , . . al-Adil , . . Prmontr, , . , , . . . ' 61. 1216, Innocent Pisa, . , ' , 16 . . , ' , . , Cencio Savelli, Honorius III 62. Honorius . Acre 63. ' al-Adil . Honorius . ' . Ingi II , 64. , II, , Innocent . , . , , Henry, , . Henry 1216, de Courtenay. 65. ' 66. . . Jacques de Vitry, Acre, , , . , , . , . , , Digitized by 10uk1s

, . , , Pisa . , , Ontremer . , . Saladin, , . Acre . Jean d'Ibelin . . . 67. Honorius . ' 1217. , . , Leopold VI 68. , ' . , 69. , . , , Leopold Acre. . , ' 70. Hugh Acre 71. . , de Brienne . , 3 , Acre . , , . al-Adil, , , . ' , Beisan, , al- , Ajlun, ' . . . , - Hugh, . Beisan . , Acre. . 72. . Hugh , . , 3 , , . , , . Digitized by 10uk1s

Acre. 73 , , , Beqaa 74. Hugh , Bohemund IV, , Plaisance de Jebeil, Hugh, Melisende. Hugh , 10 , , Henry, , 75. Acre . . . . . , , . 76. Leopold . 50.000 Guy Embriaco Jebeil, . , Knights Athlit, , . 77. 26 1218 Acre , , . , ' . . Richard , . , , , Acre . . , Damietta, 78. al-Adil . . , az-Zahir , 1216 , al-Aziz, , , Toghril, . az-Zahir, Saladin, al-Afdal, , . . . . . . 1218, al-Afdal . Toghril, al-Adil Digitized by 10uk1s

, , al- , alAdil. al- al-A ' al- . , Mosul. al- 79. al-Adil . , al-Malik al-Kamil, . al- , 1208. 1215 3000 . , , . . 1217 . 1217 . . , 24 1218, , , Acre Athlit . ' , , . ' . ' Damietta 27 . ' , . 29, , , , II ' . . , , 80. Damietta . 1169, . 1169, , ' ' , . . , al-Adil , al-Kamil al-, Damietta. , . , , . Oliver de Paderborn, , , . , . 81.

Digitized by 10uk1s

, 17 , . , 24, . ' , , . . . , . Damietta 82. al-Adil , . , al-, Damietta ' . 31 . , , Saladin , Saladin, . , . . , al- al-Kamil 83. al-Adil. Damietta, . , , , . , , . . Honorius , , Brindisi. de 84. , , , , Hugh de Lusignan, de , . ' , , , . , Bordeaux, William II, , Laon , , Winchester. Robert, Couron , 85. . , , . , . Damietta . de Brienne . . . . Digitized by 10uk1s

. , Frederick II, ' . , . , , -, 86. , al-Malik al-Kamil . . , , . al-Kamil . . . . 87. , , . al-Adil al-Kamil . al-. . , , . , 29 , . ' . . . , , , Oliver de Paderborn, . ' , . , . 88. , . . Robert Couron. . . 89. 1219, ' . , 2 , . . . ' al- . Damietta, al- 90. al-Kamil . , Imad ad-Din Ibn al-, al-. , , , Digitized by 10uk1s

, al-Masud , al- . , 7 . al . Ibn al- Kerak, al- Sinjar . al-Kamil Damietta 91. al- al-Kamil . , . al-, . , Damietta, , Damietta. ' . , ' . Damietta, ' , 92. , al- . . , , . 19 . . , ' ' . , . . , Toron, Banyas. , , , 93. . . 20 , , . , , ' , , , . 6 , 94. . . , -- William , Knights. . Leopold . , . . Digitized by 10uk1s

. 95. , , , , 29 . , . ' , . 96. , . , ' , . . ' , . , , , ' . al-Kamil ' , . . , , 97. , al-Kamil . , . ' . al- al- . , Jelal adDin, , , . Jelal ad-Din al-Asraf, . ' al- al-Kamil . . , 98. . . , 14 . , Souvary de Maulon 99. al-Kamil 26, 100.Digitized by 10uk1s

al-Kamil . Damietta . , . , . . , , , . , ' 101. . , , , ' . , , , . ' ' ' , . . . , . . , ' Damietta . . , Acre . , 102. Damietta . , , 5 1219, . . , ' , . , . , . 103. ' Damietta. ' , . ' , . ' ' Acre, . Frederick 104. Tanis, , . . , , . . 105.

Digitized by 10uk1s

. . , , , . , , , . , , , 106. , Khan. . 1220 Khan , . 107. ' , Frederick, . Frederick 1215. Innocent ' . Frederick ' . , , Henry. ' . , . Henry VI , , . . Honorius , , Hohenstaufen 108. ' , , , . Damietta, . al- . . . al- Acre. ' , al-Kamil , Damietta 109. II, , 1219, . , , de Brienne , Isabella, Sibylla , . Raymond-Rupen , Isabella . , 1220 . , . Acre. ' , . , . 110. , al- , ,Digitized by 10uk1s

Knights Athlit. Knights Damietta . , al- 111. Damietta. . , . , , Frederick II. . . , , 112. , , , , Frederick, , . . , Damietta. , Hospitaliers, marshal , 113. al-Kamil . , 1220 Rosetta. , . . Rosetta , . 114. . Honorius . Frederick 1220 Constance, . , Frederick . Honorius Frederick , ' , . Louis, Bavaria, 115. , , , , , . al-Kamil , . , Louis 116. Frederick Louis . Louis , , , Frederick Digitized by 10uk1s

, . , , , . . . - al- al- ' . ' . 117. 4 1221, . 6 , , . 12 . . 630 , , 5000 , 4000 40.000 . . . Damietta . Sharimshah , , Bahr as-Saghir , Mansourah, . 20 Sharimshah. . . , . Sharimshah . , , , . , 24 , Bahr as-Saghir, . , . , al-Kamil Damietta. Sharimshah, al-Kamil ' . , . ' . , 26 , . . ' ' ' . . , , ' , . ' ' . . . , , . Digitized by 10uk1s

, . 118. , 28 , , . . Damietta . , Henry, Walter de , , Frederick. al-Kamil . . , , . Damietta , . . . Damietta . alKamil , , Bavaria, . , 119. Knights Damietta ' , . Henry, , , ' . , Acre. . al-Kamil , , 8 Damietta 120. . . . - - ' . , , , . , , , , ' , . . . , , . , , , . . , al-Kamil, , . , . ' . . ' Digitized by 10uk1s

. . . 121.

Digitized by 10uk1s

III FREDERICK

, II, 13 Damietta, ' Acre, . , Honorius de Brienne . , Raymond-Rupen Damietta 1220 . Bohemund , Hospitaliers . Raymond-Rupen , , , , Hospitaliers, , . Isabella Baghras. ' , ' Hospitaliers. , . . . 1221, . Raymond-Rupen . Isabella Raymond 122. . Raymond-Rupen, Lusignan . Bohemund . ' Hospitaliers, Jabala, Raymond-Rupen Knights. . . Bohemund Hospitaliers , , , ' . Knights . . ' . ' Raymond , Philip, , . Bohemund, , . . ' .

Digitized by 10uk1s

Philip, , . , . . , 1224, Sis, . Bohemund , . Knights . Hospitaliers . , Philip, , , ' . Bohemund . Bohemund , Toghril, . Bohemund , Toghril. Isabella Hethoum. , . Hethoum 1226. , ' , . , 123. , Mosul, al-Kamil ' . , de Brienne ' , . 1222 . , . , . . Odo de Montb liard , Acre , , , Ralph de Merencourt Hospitaliers. , von , . Brindisi 124. ' , , . , , . Philip Augustus. von Yolande Frederick, . . , ' . . Frederick ' . . Philip . Outremer. Philip. , Philip Philip , 14 1223. , Philip 50.000 Hospitaliers Digitized by 10uk1s

Knights. , Louis VIII, Santiago de Compostella . , III, Berengaria, 1224 125. Henry Acre , , , . , , , Yolande Frederick . , , Ralph, Outremer. , de Balian . , , . , Yolande 126. , Brindisi. 9 1225, Brindisi 127. Frederick . , , . , Hohenstaufen, . , , . . , , , , , . , , , . , , . ' , . , , . Outremer. . , . . , , . , , ' . . , . . , , . . , . , ' , Outremer 128. . Brindisi , - , . Digitized by 10uk1s

. Frederick . . Frederick Philip 129. . Honorius, , . . . 1228, Baldwin II. , ' , . Baldwin , 1237 130. - Yolande . Frederick Outremer. 25 1228 , Conrad, , . 131. Frederick , , , , . 25 1225, 1227, 100.000 . ' Outremer, ' 1229, al-Kamil 132. . Frederick - . . , Honorius, 1227. , IX, . Innocent III, Innocent, . , Frederick . , Frederick 133. Frederick ' . Exeter Winchester, . 1227, . Brindisi, Henry, IV, . Frederick 8 . , , Landgrave of Thuringia Louis, . Landgrave Frederick . , Acre , Gerald of Lausanne . Digitized by 10uk1s

134. . , , . , 135. Frederick, , , . ' , Brindisi 28 1228 136. , , Yolande . Frederick , Conrad, . , , 137. . Bohemund , . Frederick , Amalric