Post on 28-Dec-2015
Fluid Fluid mechanicsmechanics
500.101500.101
Fluid Fluid mechanicsmechanics
500.101500.101SOLIDS: Strain is related to stress. For Hookean or linearelastic solids
σ=Eε, where
ε is strainE is Young’s modulus σ is stress (force/area)
FLUIDS: Strain rate is related to shear stress. For Newtonian fluids
τ = μ du/dy, where
τ is shear stress,μ is viscositydu/dy is velocity gradient
Fluid Fluid mechanicsmechanics
500.101500.101
Viscosity behaviorof fluids
Newtonian. Shear thickening. Shear thinning.
Thixotropic.Bingham plastic
Magnetorheological fluid
Fluid Fluid mechanicsmechanics
500.101500.101
Fluid Fluid mechanicsmechanics
500.101500.101
EQUATIONS
i
j
j
i
x
u
x
up
Dt
VD Re
1
0
Vt
Momentum
Continuity
Fluid Fluid mechanicsmechanics
500.101500.101
BERNOULLI EQUATION
constgzvpt
2
2
1
Fluid Fluid mechanicsmechanics
500.101500.101
Dimensionless quantities
Reynolds Re LV/ν Inertial force/viscous force
Rossby Ro V/(2LΩ sin θ) Inertial force/Coriolis force
[Drag coefficient] Cd (ρ’-ρ)Lg/(ρ’V2) Drag force/inertial force
Fluid Fluid mechanicsmechanics
500.101500.101 Oceanography
Meteorology
Aeronautics
Biomedical fluid mechanics
Convective heat transfer
Turbulence
Acoustics
Powerless pump
Other. . .
Fluid Fluid mechanicsmechanics
500.101500.101
Oceanography
Fluid Fluid mechanicsmechanics
500.101500.101
Meteorology
Fluid Fluid mechanicsmechanics
500.101500.101
Biomedical fluids
Fluid Fluid mechanicsmechanics
500.101500.101
Fluid Fluid mechanicsmechanics
500.101500.101
Aeronautics
Fluid Fluid mechanicsmechanics
500.101500.101Turbulence
Fluid Fluid mechanicsmechanics
500.101500.101
Fluid Fluid mechanicsmechanics
500.101500.101
Fluid Fluid mechanicsmechanics
500.101500.101Water delivery
Fluid Fluid mechanicsmechanics
500.101500.101Acoustics
Fluid Fluid mechanicsmechanics
500.101500.101
RECORD FUEL PRICES PLACE STRESS ON OCEAN SHIPPING May 2, 2008 Shipping lines worldwide are struggling as crude oil prices topped an unprecedented US$119 per barrel this week, in turn pushing marine bunker fuel prices up past $552 per ton – a $26 per ton increase since the end of March alone. Bunker prices have risen 87% since the beginning of 2007. Fuel costs represent as much as 50-60% of total ship operating costs, depending on the type of ship and service.
.
.
. With the cost of bunker fuel at $552 per ton, with fuel consumption at 217 tons per day, and a 14 day voyage, a single round trip voyage for this one vessel would produce a fuel bill of $3,353,952.
Fluid Fluid mechanicsmechanics
500.101500.101SkySails flies 100-500m abovesea surface
Generates about 1.5 hp/m2
Largest offering 5000 m2
Estimated fuel saving Rotterdam/NY 27%
Fluid Fluid mechanicsmechanics
500.101500.101
Convective cooling
Fluid Fluid mechanicsmechanics
500.101500.101
Engines
Fluid Fluid mechanicsmechanics
500.101500.101Water jet cutter withinjected abrasive(40K psi)
Fluid Fluid mechanicsmechanics
500.101500.101
Power generation fromocean waves