Fluid mechanics 500.101. 500.101 SOLIDS: Strain is related to stress. For Hookean or linear elastic...
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Fluid Fluid mechanics mechanics 500.101 500.101
Transcript of Fluid mechanics 500.101. 500.101 SOLIDS: Strain is related to stress. For Hookean or linear elastic...
Fluid Fluid mechanicsmechanics
500.101500.101
Fluid Fluid mechanicsmechanics
500.101500.101SOLIDS: Strain is related to stress. For Hookean or linearelastic solids
σ=Eε, where
ε is strainE is Young’s modulus σ is stress (force/area)
FLUIDS: Strain rate is related to shear stress. For Newtonian fluids
τ = μ du/dy, where
τ is shear stress,μ is viscositydu/dy is velocity gradient
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Viscosity behaviorof fluids
Newtonian. Shear thickening. Shear thinning.
Thixotropic.Bingham plastic
Magnetorheological fluid
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EQUATIONS
i
j
j
i
x
u
x
up
Dt
VD Re
1
0
Vt
Momentum
Continuity
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BERNOULLI EQUATION
constgzvpt
2
2
1
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Dimensionless quantities
Reynolds Re LV/ν Inertial force/viscous force
Rossby Ro V/(2LΩ sin θ) Inertial force/Coriolis force
[Drag coefficient] Cd (ρ’-ρ)Lg/(ρ’V2) Drag force/inertial force
Fluid Fluid mechanicsmechanics
500.101500.101 Oceanography
Meteorology
Aeronautics
Biomedical fluid mechanics
Convective heat transfer
Turbulence
Acoustics
Powerless pump
Other. . .
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Oceanography
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Meteorology
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Biomedical fluids
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Aeronautics
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500.101500.101Turbulence
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500.101500.101Water delivery
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500.101500.101Acoustics
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RECORD FUEL PRICES PLACE STRESS ON OCEAN SHIPPING May 2, 2008 Shipping lines worldwide are struggling as crude oil prices topped an unprecedented US$119 per barrel this week, in turn pushing marine bunker fuel prices up past $552 per ton – a $26 per ton increase since the end of March alone. Bunker prices have risen 87% since the beginning of 2007. Fuel costs represent as much as 50-60% of total ship operating costs, depending on the type of ship and service.
.
.
. With the cost of bunker fuel at $552 per ton, with fuel consumption at 217 tons per day, and a 14 day voyage, a single round trip voyage for this one vessel would produce a fuel bill of $3,353,952.
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500.101500.101SkySails flies 100-500m abovesea surface
Generates about 1.5 hp/m2
Largest offering 5000 m2
Estimated fuel saving Rotterdam/NY 27%
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Convective cooling
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Engines
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500.101500.101Water jet cutter withinjected abrasive(40K psi)
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Power generation fromocean waves
