Stratioti 1

Stratioti

Stradioti

French painting of c. 1500 depicting stradioti of the Venetian Army at the Battle of Fornovo[1]

Active 15th to 18th centuries

Type Mercenary unit

Role Light cavalry

The Stratioti or Stradioti (Italian: Stradioti or Stradiotti; Greek: Στρατιώτες, Stratiotes; were mercenary units fromthe Balkans recruited mainly by states of southern and central Europe from the 15th until the middle of the 18thcentury.[2]

NameThe Greek term stratiotis/-ai (στρατιώτης/-αι) was in use since classical antiquity with the sense of "soldier" (e.g.Herodotus 4,134, Xenophon, Cyrus An. 7, ch. 1, 4 etc.)[3] The same word was used continuously in the Roman andByzantine period. The Italian term stradioti could therefore be a loan from the Greek word stratiotai (Greek:στρατιώται), i.e. soldiers[4] Alternatively, it derives from the Italian word strada ('street'), meaning 'wayfarer'.[5] TheAlbanian stradioti of Venice were also called capelletti (sing. capelletto) because of the small red caps they wore.[6]

HistoryThe stradioti were recruited in Albania, Greece, Dalmatia, Serbia and later Cyprus.[7][8][9][10] Most modernhistorians have indicated that the Stratioti were mostly Albanians.[5] According to a study by a Greek author, around80% of the listed names attributed to the stradioti were of Albanian origin while most of the remaining ones,especially those of officers, were of Greek origin; a small minority were of South Slavic origin.[5] Among theirleaders there were also members of some old Byzantine Greek noble families such as the Palaiologi andComneni.[5][11]

On various medieval sources Stradioti are mentioned either as Greeks or Albanians. This mainly happened becausethe bulk of stradioti rank and file were of Albanian origin from regions of Greece, but by the middle of the 16thcentury there is evidence that many of them had been Hellenized and in some occasions even Italianized.Hellenization was possibly underway prior to service abroad, since stradioti of Albanian origin had settled in Greeklands for two generations before their emigration to Italy. Moreover, since many served under Greek commandersand together with the Greek stradioti, this process continued. Another factor in this assimilative process was thestradioti's and their families' active involvement and affiliation with the Greek Orthodox or Uniate Churchcommunities in the places they lived in Italy.[5]

Stratioti 2

Stratioti in European countries

Italy

The Venetians first used stratioti in their campaigns against the Ottomans and, from c. 1475, as frontier troops inFriuli. Starting from that period, they began to almost entirely replace the Venetian light cavalry in the army of theRepublic of Venice. Apart from the Albanian stradioti, Greek and Italian ones were also deployed in the Battle ofFornovo.[12] The mercenaries were recruited from the Balkans, mainly Christians but also some Muslims.[13] In1511, a group of stradioti petitioned for the construction of the Greek community's Eastern Catholic Church inVenice, the San Giorgio dei Greci,[14] and the Scuola dei Greci (Confraternity of the Greeks), in a neighborhoodwhere a Greek community still resides.[15]

Stradiots as part of the Italian allied army at Fornovo (2,200 men-at-arms, "more than 2,000" light horse, and 8,000foot) in 1495. The stradiots were for the most part Albanians and from the provinces near Greece, who had beenbrought into Italy by the Venetians, and retaining the same name they had in their country, are called stradiots."[16][17]

Impressed by the unorthodox tactics of the stratioti, other European powers quickly began to hire mercenaries fromthe same region.

France

French estradiot and his arms. Notice the short double-pointed spear("arzegaye"). Engraving, 1724 (G. Daniel).

France under Louis XII recruited some 2,000stradioti in 1497, two years after the battle ofFornovo. Among the French they were known asestradiots and argoulets. The term "argoulet" isbelieved to come either from the Greek city ofArgos, where many of argoulets come from(Pappas), or from the arcus (bow) and thearquebuse.[18] For some authors argoulets andestradiots are synonymous but for others there arecertain differences between them. G. Daniel, citingM. de Montgommeri, says that argoulets andestradiots have the same armoury except that theformer wear a helmet.[19] According to others"estradiots" were Albanian horsemen and"argoulets" were Greeks, while Croatians werecalled "Cravates".[20]

The argoulets were armed with a sword, a mace(metal club) and a short arquebuse. They continuedto exist under Charles IX and are noted at the battleof Dreux (1562). They were disbanded around1600.[21] The English chronicle writer Edward Halldescribed the "Stradiotes" at the battle of the Spursin 1513. They were equipped with short stirrups,small spears, beaver hats, and Turkish swords.[22]

The term "carabins" was also used in France aswell as in Spain denoting cavalry and infantry units similar to estradiots and argoulets (Daniel G.)(Bonaparte N.[23]).Units of Carabins seem to exist at least till the early 18th century.[24]

Stratioti 3

Corps of light infantry mercenaries were periodically reqruited from the Balkans or Italy mainly during the 15th to17th centuries. In 1587, the Duchy of Lorraine recruited 500 Albanian cavalrymen, while from 1588 to 1591 fiveAlbanian light cavalry captains were also recruited.[25]

Spain

Stratioti were first employed by Spain in their Italian expedition (see Italian Wars). Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba("Gran Capitan") was sent by King Ferdinand II of Aragon ("the Catholic") to support the kingtom of Naples againstthe French invasion. In Calabria Gonzalo had two hundred "estradiotes Griegos, elite cavalry".[26]

Units of estradiotes served also in the Guard of King Ferdinand and, along with the "Alabarderos", are consideredthe beginnings of the Spanish Royal Guard.[27]

England

In 1514, Henry VIII of England, employed units of Albanian and Greek stradioti during the battles with theKingdom of Scotland.[15][28] In the 1540s, Duke Edward Seymour of Somerset used Albanian stradioti in hiscampaign against Scotland.[29] An account of the presence of stratioti in Britain is given by Nikandros Noukios ofCorfu. In about 1545 Noukios followed as a non-combatant the English invasion of Scotland where the Englishforces included Greeks from Argos under the leadership of Thomas of Argos whose "Courage, and prudence, andexperience of wars" was lauded by the Corfiot traveller.[30][31] Thomas was sent by Henry VIII to Boulogne in 1546,as commander of a battalion of 550 Greeks and was injured in the battle.[32] The King expressed his appreciation toThomas for his leadership in Boulogne and rewarded him with a good sum of money.

Holy Roman Empire

In the middle of the 18th century, Albanian stratioti were employed by Empress Maria Theresa during the War of theAustrian Succession against Prussian and French troops.[33]

TacticsThe stratioti were pioneers of light cavalry tactics during this era. In the early 16th century heavy cavalry in theEuropean armies was principally remodeled after Albanian stradioti of the Venetian army, Hungarian hussars andGerman mercenary cavalry units (Schwarzreitern).[34] They employed hit-and-run tactics, ambushes, feigned retreatsand other complex maneuvers. In some ways, these tactics echoed those of the Ottoman sipahis and akinci. They hadsome notable successes also against French heavy cavalry during the Italian Wars.[35]

They were known for cutting off the heads of dead or captured enemies, and according to Commines they were paidby their leaders one ducat per head.[36]

EquipmentThe stradioti used javelins, as well as swords, maces, crossbows and daggers. They traditionally dressed in a mixtureof Ottoman, Byzantine and European garb: the armor was initially a simply mail hauberk, but became heavier asyears passed. As mercenaries, the stradioti received wages only as long as their military services were needed.[37]

Notable stratioti•• Mercurio Bua•• Krokodeilos Kladas•• Giorgio Basta• Matthew Spanoudes (or Spadugnino), a stradioti who earned the title of "Count and Knight of the Holy Roman

Empire" from Emperor Frederick III.[38]

Stratioti 4

• Palaiologos (also Paleologos) family:• Graitzas Paleologos, a leader of the stradioti.[39]

• Manolis Paleologos, Nicolos Paleologos[40]

• Teodoros Paleologos ("capo"), Ioannes (Zuan) Paleologos, Alexandros Paleologos [41]

• Demetrios Laskaris, son of Isaakios, unit commander.[42]

• Isaakios Laskaris, killed in the battle of Fornovo (1495)(Sathas)• Panagiotis Doxaras, horseman by the Venetian army and painter, (1662-1729).• Thomas of Argos, captain of a battalion of 550 Greek stratioti who served in the English army in the era of Henry

VIII. Thomas was injured in the Siege of Boulogne (1546) fighting victoriously against a unit of more than 1,000French (Moustoxydes, 1856).

• Michael Tarchaniota Marullus, Renaissance scholar, poet and humanist.

Notes[1][1] .[2][2] .[3] Liddell H., Scott R., A Greek-English Lexicon, στρατιώτης (http:/ / www. perseus. tufts. edu/ hopper/ text?doc=Perseus:text:1999. 04.

0057:alphabetic+ letter=*s111:entry+ group=84:entry=stratiw/ ths)[4] Trecanni (ed.), Grande Enciclopedia Italiana, "Stradioti": "dal basso greco στρατιώται"; : "dal greco stratiòta".[5][5] (Sam Houston State University).[6][6] .[7][7] Nicolle, 1989.[8][8] B. N. Floria, "Vykhodtsy iz Balkanakh stran na russkoi sluzhbe," Balkanskia issledovaniia. 3. Osloboditel'nye dvizheniia na Balkanakh

(Moscow, 1978), pp. 57-63.[9] Hungary and the fall of Eastern Europe 1000-1568 by David Nicolle, Angus McBride: "John Comnenus [...] settled Serbs as stratioti around

Izmir..."[10][10] "Young men recruited from among Greeks and Albanians. They were known as stradioti from the Greek word for soldier."[11][11] Nicolle, 2002: p. 16[12][12] ; .[13][13] .[14][14] .[15][15] .[16][16] Guicciardini ,Sidney Alexander's translation, p. 95[17] http:/ / xenophongroup. com/ EMW/ article002. htm[18] Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue françoise, vol. 1 (http:/ / books. google. gr/ books?id=AYM-AAAAcAAJ& pg=PA83& lpg=PA83&

dq=argoulet+ arcus& source=bl& ots=HRNyTK5OhP& sig=lE0EOuIN4f5C7X9UKGsOkgkJEdo& hl=el& ei=rUPYTJZcg8OzBpHykOQI&sa=X& oi=book_result& ct=result& resnum=2& ved=0CBoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage& q=argoulet arcus& f=false)

[19] Daniel R.P.G. (1724) Histoire de la milice francoise, et des changemens qui s'y sont ... , Amsterdam, vol. 1, pp. 166-171. (http:/ / books.google. gr/ books?id=9DUVAAAAQAAJ& pg=PA173& lpg=PA173& dq=argoulets+ estradiot& source=bl& ots=TMzD3-5DpL&sig=aKiEeJjjIDV2akmcMwTr6Eyq4Xk& hl=el& ei=0DHYTKqXA8jxsgaLxIyICA& sa=X& oi=book_result& ct=result& resnum=2&ved=0CBkQ6AEwATgK#v=onepage& q=argoulets estradiot& f=false)

[20] Virol M. (2007) Les oisivetes de monsieur de Vauban, edition integrale, Champ Vallon, Seyssel, p. 988, footnote 3. (http:/ / books. google.gr/ books?id=0y_zQWVCWqsC& pg=PA988& lpg=PA988& dq=argoulets+ cavalerie+ grec& source=bl& ots=twcl8UhlPL&sig=oruUnMDwFLqKwZgKVGmv8EXPz6Q& hl=el& ei=zA7XTOL2J4jKswbf0fXvCA& sa=X& oi=book_result& ct=result& resnum=10&ved=0CEEQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage& q& f=false)

[21] La Grand Encyclopedie, Eole-Fanucci, Paris (undated), vol. 16, article "Argoulet"[22] Hall, Edward, Chronicle, (1809), p. 543, 550[23] Bonaparte N. Études sur le passé et l'avenir de l'artillerie, Paris, 1846, vol. 1, p. 161 (http:/ / www. archive. org/ stream/

tudessurlepasse01napogoog/ tudessurlepasse01napogoog_djvu. txt)[24] Boyer Abel (1710) The history of the reign of Queen Anne, year the eight, London, p. 86. (http:/ / books. google. gr/

books?id=R-g1AAAAMAAJ& pg=RA1-PA86& lpg=RA1-PA86& dq=cornet+ carabins+ queen+ Anne& source=bl& ots=oBlH0WUFMT&sig=7atQhsSLAr3w0UKNfmnVdb2qde8& hl=el& ei=B4DzTO73Dd2O4gbe5JXIAQ& sa=X& oi=book_result& ct=result& resnum=2&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage& q& f=false) A list of French captured by the British at the battle of Tasnieres (1709) includes an officerof the "Royal Carabins"

[25][25] .

Stratioti 5

[26] Historia del Rey Don Fernando el Catolico: De las empresas y ligas de Italia, book V, p. 3. (http:/ / ifc. dpz. es/ recursos/ publicaciones/ 24/23/ libro5. pdf)

[27] LA GUARDIA REAL (http:/ / www. curso-master-protocolo-etiqueta-eventos. com/ 2010_09_01_archive. html)[28][28] .[29][29] .[30] Nicander Nucius, The second book of the travels of Nicander Nucius of Corcyra, ed. by Rev. J.A. Cramer, 1841, London, p.90 (http:/ /

www. archive. org/ stream/ secondbookoftrav00nuciuoft#page/ 90/ mode/ 2up). See also Note 1.[31] Cramer’s translation of A.Noukios' work stops exactly where the text starts referring on Thomas of Argos. A Greek historian, Andreas

Moustoxydes, published the missing part of the original Greek text, based on a manuscript kept in the Ambrosian Library (Milan). AfterCramer’s asterisks (end of his translation) the text continues as follows:[Hence, indeed, Thomas also, the general of the Argives from Peloponnesus, with those about him ***] spoke to them so:“Comrades, as you see we are in the extreme parts of the world, under the service of a King and a nation in the farthest north. And nothing webrought here from our country other than our courage and bravery. Thus, bravely we stand against our enemies, …. Because we are children ofthe Greeks and we are not afraid of the barbarian flock. …. Therefore, courageous and in order let us march to the enemy, … , and the famoussince olden times virtue of the Greeks let us prove with our action.“(*) Έλληνες in the original Greek text. This incident happened during the Sieges of Boulogne (1544–1546).

[32] Moustoxydes Andreas (1856) Nikandros Noukios, in the periodical Pandora, vol. 7, No. 154, 15 Augh. 1856, p. 222 (http:/ / xantho. lis.upatras. gr/ test2_pleias. php?art=37744) In Greek language.Andreas Moustoxydes was a Greek historian and politician.

[33][33] .[34][34] .[35][35] .[36] DeCommines, Philippe, Lettres et Negotiations, with comments by Kervyn De Lettenhove, ed. 1868, V. Devaux et Cie. Bruxelles, vol. 2, p.

200, 220 (http:/ / ia700208. us. archive. org/ 8/ items/ lettresetngoci02comm/ lettresetngoci02comm_bw. pdf): "quinze cents estradiotes grecsou albanais, "vaillans hommes" qui recevaient in ducat par tete d' ennemi qu'ils rapportaient a leurs chefs".

[37] : "Throughout Europe footmen replaced knights, that is, cavalry. They used new weapons and came with regionally varying skills: Englisharchers and crossbowmen, Swiss pikemen, Flemish burgher forces, and, later, Italian gunfighters or exiled Albanian and Greek stradioti onlight horse (from Italian strada: street). Mercenaries hired on for pay under "military enterprisers" received wages only as long as work wasavailable."

[38][38] ; ; .[39][39] .[40] Cronaca Cittadina II (http:/ / abodily. tripod. com/ porcilestorialocale01500. html).[41] Medin, Antonio. La Obsidione di Padua del MDIX, ed. Romagnoli. Bologna, 1892 (http:/ / www. archive. org/ stream/

laobsidionedipa00medigoog/ laobsidionedipa00medigoog_djvu. txt).[42][42] .

References

Sources

Primary sources• Bembi, Petri (1551). Historiae Venetae. Venetiis: Apud Aldi Filios,. Available online (http:/ / www.

uni-mannheim. de/ mateo/ itali/ autoren/ bembo_itali. html) in Latin language.• Bembo, Pietro (1780). Storia Veneta. Venice, Italy. In Italian language.• De Commines, Philip. Memoirs. first published in 1524.

• Battle of Fornovo: Memoirs, 1856 edition, London, vol. 2, p. 201. (http:/ / books. google. gr/books?id=XsI-AAAAYAAJ& printsec=frontcover& dq=de+ commines+ memoirs& source=bl&ots=X4j51zLLw1& sig=Cm5gGXkkqQuIDqaZsr3KxJgiff4& hl=el& ei=qyPgTNShMs_usgbvoKj5Cw&sa=X& oi=book_result& ct=result& resnum=6& ved=0CD8Q6AEwBQ#v=onepage& q& f=false)

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Secondary sources• Bugh, Glenn Richard (2002). Andrea Gritti and the Greek stradiots of Venice in the early 16th century 32.

Thesaurismata, (Bulletin of the Istituto Ellenico di Studi Bizantini e Postbizantini di Venezia). pp. 81–94.• Detrez, Raymond; Plas, Pieter (2005). Developing Cultural Identity in the Balkans: Convergence vs Divergence

(http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=TRttHdXjP14C). Peter Lang. ISBN 90-5201-297-0.• English Historical Review (2000). Shorter Notice. Greek Emigres in the West, 1400-1520. Jonathan Harris (http:/

/ ehr. oxfordjournals. org/ content/ 115/ 460/ 192. extract) 115 (460). Oxford Journals. pp. 192–193. doi:10.1093/ehr/115.460.192 (http:/ / dx. doi. org/ 10. 1093/ ehr/ 115. 460. 192).

• Downing, Brian M. (1992). The Military Revolution and Political Change: Origins of Democracy and Autocracyin Early Modern Europe (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=jpYnGxR5MuwC). Princeton University Press.ISBN 0-691-02475-8.

• Floria, B. N. (1978). "Vykhodtsy iz Balkanakh stran na russkoi sluzhbe". Balkanskia issledovaniia 3,Osloboditel'nye dvizheniia na Balkanakh (Moscow): 57–63.

• Folengo, Teofilo; Mullaney, Ann E. (2008). Baldo, Books 13-15 (http:/ / books. google. com/books?id=SdGP09oCspsC). Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-03124-1.

• Hammer, Paul E. J. (2003). Elizabeth's Wars: War, Government, and Society in Tudor England, 1544-1604 (http:// books. google. com/ books?id=qVbIdJfWiT0C). Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0-333-91942-4.

• Higham, Robin D. S. (1972). A Guide to the Sources of British Military History (http:/ / books. google. com/books?id=7n09AAAAIAAJ& pg=PA171). Routledge & Kegan Paul. ISBN 0-7100-7251-1.

• Hoerder, Dirk (2002). Cultures in Contact: World Migrations in the Second Millennium (http:/ / books. google.com/ books?id=pp4lRax4WaEC). Duke University Press. ISBN 0-8223-2834-8.

• Howard, Michael (2009). War in European History (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=Rr5faMwcxVMC&pg=PA77). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-954619-0.

• Monter, E. William (2007). A Bewitched Duchy: Lorraine and its Dukes, 1477-1736 (http:/ / books. google. com/books?id=CKVIJj7KH0wC& pg=PA76). Librairie Droz. ISBN 978-2-600-01165-5.

• Nicol, Donald MacGillivray (1992). Byzantium and Venice: A Study in Diplomatic and Cultural Relations (http:/ /books. google. com/ books?id=rymIUITIYdwC). Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press.ISBN 0-521-42894-7.

• Nicol, Donald MacGillivray (1994). The Byzantine Lady: Ten Portraits, 1250-1500 (http:/ / books. google. com/books?id=6FlYAc5qrKcC). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-45531-6.

• Nicol, Donald MacGillivray (2002). The Immortal Emperor: The Life and Legend of Constantine Palaiologos,Last Emperor of the Romans (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=lnSmnmL984YC). Cambridge UniversityPress. ISBN 0-521-89409-3.

• Nicol, Donald MacGillivray (1968). The Byzantine Family of Kantakouzenos (Cantacuzenus) ca. 1100-1460: AGenealogical and Prosopographical Study (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=HqdBAAAAIAAJ).Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies, Trustees for Harvard University.

• Nicolle, David; McBride, Angus (1988). Hungary and the Fall of Eastern Europe 1000-1568 (http:/ / books.google. com/ books?id=PmZmOkfkr9oC). Osprey Publishing. ISBN 0-85045-833-1.

• Nicolle, David; Rothero, Christopher (1989). The Venetian Empire 1200-1670 (http:/ / books. google. com/books?id=WuwULNmr2_cC). Osprey Publishing. ISBN 0-85045-899-4.

• Pappas, Nicholas C. J. "Stradioti: Balkan Mercenaries in Fifteenth and Sixteenth Century Italy" (http:/ / www.shsu. edu/ ~his_ncp/ Stradioti. html). Sam Houston State University.

• Sathas, Konstantinos (1867). Hellenika Anekdota (Volume 1) (in Greek). Available online (http:/ / books. google.gr/ books?id=Wu1AAAAAYAAJ& printsec=frontcover& dq=sathas& source=bl& ots=3p3fhjnZT3&sig=o3frhSbUhpL_MikQtdA_829OoAs& hl=el& ei=qSPkTNfdKMb4sgbf1cn_Cw& sa=X& oi=book_result&ct=result& resnum=7& ved=0CDsQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage& q& f=false)

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• Setton, Kenneth M. (1976). The Papacy and the Levant (1204-1571): The Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries(Volume 1) (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=0Sz2VYI0l1IC). American Philosophical Society.ISBN 0-87169-127-2.

• Societa Italiana di Studi Araldici (2005). "Sul Tutto: Periodico della Societa Italiana di Studi Araldici, No. 3"(http:/ / www. socistara. it/ notiziari/ Sul Tutto N. 3 dicembre 2005. pdf).

• Tardivel, Louis (1991). Répertoire des emprunts du français aux langues étrangères (http:/ / books. google. com/books?id=_p3_tVuRntkC) (in French). Québec: Les éditions du Septentrion. ISBN 2-921114-51-8.

• Wright, Diana Gilliland (1999). Bartolomeo Minio: Venetian Administration in 15th-century Nauplion.Washington D.C.: The Catholic University of America.

Further reading• Curt Johnson: The French Army of the Early Italian Wars (http:/ / xenophongroup. com/ EMW/ article002. htm)• Lopez, R. Il principio della guerra veneto-turca nel 1463. "Archivio Veneto", 5 serie, 15 (1934), pp. 47–131.• Μομφερράτου, Αντ. Γ. Σιγισμούνδος Πανδόλφος Μαλατέστας. Πόλεμος Ενετών και Τούρκων εν

Πελοποννήσω κατά 1463-6. Αθήνα, 1914.• Sathas, K. N. Documents inédits relatifs à l' histoire de la Grèce au Moyen Âge, publiés sous les auspices de la

Chambre des députés de Grèce. Tom. VI: Jacomo Barbarigo, Dispacci della guerra di Peloponneso (1465-6),Paris, 1880–90, pp. 1-116 (http:/ / anemi. lib. uoc. gr/ php/ pdf_pager. php?filename=/ var/ www/ tkl-portal-neo/ /metadata/ e/ 9/ f/ attached-metadata-438-0000090/ 242612_06. pdf& lang=en& pageno=1& pagestart=1&width=528. 96 pts& height=806. 64 pts& maxpage=342).

•• Κορρέ Β. Κατερίνα,"Έλληνες στρατιώτες στο Bergamo. Οι πολιτικές προεκτάσεις ενός εκκλησιαστικούζητήματος", Θησαυρίσματα 28 (2008), 289-336.

Article Sources and Contributors 8

Article Sources and ContributorsStratioti  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=554577310  Contributors: 3rdAlcove, Aigest, Ajdebre, Alexikoua, Angel ivanov angelov, Antidiskriminator, Aschmair, Ashmedai119, Athenean, Attilios, Barticus88, Bobblehead, Cplakidas, Daufer, Deucalionite, Dragases, EagerToddler39, Edrigu, Edward, Euzen, Evlekis, Flokarti, Future Perfect at Sunrise, Gaius ClaudiusNero, Gaius Cornelius, Gentgeen, Good Olfactory, Gwinva, KRBN, Katerina B. Korre', Keep it Fake, Kushtrim123, LilHelpa, Matia.gr, Mavronjoti, Mbessgettios, Megistias, Monstrelet, Mr.Lefty, MuZemike, Neddyseagoon, NetProfit, No. 108, Prodebugger, Pádraic MacUidhir, Qwerty Binary, Rjwilmsi, Sand Patrol, SchreiberBike, Stupidus Maximus, Sulmues, TimBentley,Tonymec, Unoquha, Vinie007, ZjarriRrethues, Zoupan, Zx300zx, 33 ,הסרפד anonymous edits

Image Sources, Licenses and ContributorsFile:Albanian Stradioti at Battle of Fornovo.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Albanian_Stradioti_at_Battle_of_Fornovo.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors:anonymous French painterFile:Estradiot engraving.JPG  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Estradiot_engraving.JPG  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Gabriel Daniel

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