stoixeiometria
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Transcript of stoixeiometria
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A. -
pipi pi 1.T . . pi .pi .
2. pi ( )ww /%
. g pi pi g100 . g pi pi g100 . mL pi pi g100 . g pi pi mL100
3. NaCl ww /%12
. mL12 NaCl g100 . mL12 NaCl mL100 . g12 NaCl mL100 . g12 NaCl g100
4. ww /%20
. g20 , mL100 g100 . g20 , g100 g100 . g20 , g80 g100 . g20 , g100 g120
5. pi ( )vw /%
. g pi pi g100 . g pi pi mL100 . mL pi pi g100 . g pi pi mL100
6. NaCl vw /%12
. mL12 NaCl g100 . mL12 NaCl mL100 . g12 NaCl mL100
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. g12 NaCl g100
7. vw /%20 ( pi pi )
. g20 , mL100 mL100 . g20 , mL80 g100 . g20 , mL80 mL100 . g20 , mL100 mL120
8. pi ( )vv /%
. g pi pi g100 . g pi pi g100 . mL pi pi mL100 . mL pi pi mL100
9. pi vv /%12
. mL12 pi g100 . mL12 pi mL100 . g12 pi mL100 . g12 pi g100
10. pi vv /%20
. mL20 pi , mL100 mL100 . g20 pi , mL80 g100 . mL20 pi , mL80 mL100 . mL20 pi , mL100 mL120 11.
. pi pi mL100 . pi pi g100 . pi pi pi pi , pi
. pi pi g100 C0100
12. ( NaCl ) pi . . , pi . pi . pi
13. g100 g25 A . pi
. ww /%25 . ww /%20 . ww /%75 . ww /%80 14. pi pi pi pi
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3
. . . pi . pi
15. pi vv /%20 2O . 2O pi pi L5.0
. g20 . mL100 . L1 . g100 16. pi . pi pi . .
. ww /% pi .
17. NaCl vw /%5 pi pi g20 NaCl ( pi pi NaCl )
. mL100 . mL10 . mL200 . mL400
1. vw /%25 mL100 pi g25
2. NaCl ww /%15 g100 pi g15 NaCl
3. pi vv /%40 mL100 pi mL40
pi pi , pi
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)(g mL
pi pi, pi pi pi , pi
. w
w%5 A ,
A : g5
v
w%5 A ,
A : g5
v
v%5 A ,
A : mL5
pi pi pi pi, pi
)(g mL
pi pi w
w% v
v% , pi pipi pi
pi pi
pi pi v
w% pi (pi.
pi Vm
= pi pi (
) pi ( )
pi pi pi pi ( ) pi pi w
w%
v
w%
. w
w%5 A ,
A g5 g100
pi ggg 955100 =
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5
v
w%5 A ,
A g5 mL100
pi
pi pi mLg /1= ,
gmLmLg
mVmVm 1001001 ====
ggg 955100 =
v
v%5 A ,
A mL5 mL100
pi mLmLmL 955100 =
pi pipi pi
pi pi, 100 pi pi
)(g mL
. w
w%5 A ,
g100 pi ggg 955100 =
v
w%5 A , mL100
v
v%5 A , mL100
pi
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w
w%5
A ,
A : g5 g100
ggg 955100 =
v
w%5
A ,
A : g5 mL100
pi
v
v%5
A ,
A : mL5
mL100
mLmLmL 955100 =
pipi pi , pi pi pi pi pi, pi pi pipi pi pipi pi pi pi, pi pipi pi 100 ... pi .... pi pi pi pi, pi pi
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pi ww /%20 NaCl g pi g NaCl pi g400
pi pipi pi ww /%20 : g100 pi g20 NaCl pi g400 pi gX ; NaCl
pi gXX80
1002040020
400100
=
==
g400 NaCl pi g80 NaCl . pi ww /% pi NaCl
pi g400 pi g80 NaCl pi pi pi: g100 pi gX ; NaCl
pi gXX20
4008010080
100400
=
== ww /%20
g320 g80 NaCl . pi ww /% pi NaCl
NaCl
pi gggmmm NaClOH 400803202 =+=+=
pi g400 pi g80 NaCl pi pi pi: g100 pi gX ; NaCl
pi gXX20
4008010080
100400
=
== ww /%20
pi
Z
pi
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NaOH pi ww /%25 pi mLg /2.0 .
pi vw /% pi
NaOH
pi pipi pi ww /%25 : g100 pi g25 NaOH pi
pi Vm
=
mLmLggVmV
Vm 500
/2.0100
====
pi : mL500 pi g25 NaOH pi pi pi: mL100 pi gX ; NaOH
pi gXX5
5002510025
100500
=
== vw /%5
1. g200 g50 NaCl . ww /% pi
pi: ww /%20
2. pi ww /%10 NaCl ww /%2 2CaCl . g , pi g NaCl pi g 2CaCl pi g500 pi: g440 , g50 , g10
3. g200 g50 NaOH , pi pi ww /%20 . pi pipi pi
. NaOH pi pi . ww /% pi pi: g250 , ww /%16
V pi
pi
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4. NaOH pi ww /%25 pi mLg /4.0 . pi vw /% pi
pi: vw /%10
5. NaCl pi vw /%20 pipi . pi vw /% pi
pi: vw /%4
6. g450 g50 NaCl pi pipi pi mLg /5.0= pi
pi ww /% vw /% pi: ww /%10 vw /%5 1. g NaCl pipi g450 pi
ww /%10 pi: g50 NaCl 2. g NaCl pipi mL500 pi
vw /%8 pi: g40 NaCl
3. mL pi pipi mL200 pi vv /%12 pi:24 mL
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pi ( )
VnC =
mol g rM
mn =
mol L ( STP) mV
Vn = nRTPV =
g L ( ) V
m=
pi pi vw /% VnC =
pi NaOH pi vw /%10 NaOH
pi pipi pi vw /%10 : mL100 pi g10 NaOH
pi NaOH mol rM
mn = pi m NaOH
)10( gm = rM ( 4011623 =++=++= rHrOrNarNaOH AAAM )
pi molMm
nrNaOH
NaOHNaoH 25.040
10===
pi VnC = pi . M
Lmol
mLmolC 5.2
1.025.0
10025.0
===
1
2
3
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pi mol ( )
pi pipi pi
1. pipi pi L4 HCl M2 pi HCl M5.0
pi: L12
2. NaOH M2 pipi . pi NaOH pi: M4.0
3. NaCl M2 L5 pi NaCl M5.0 . pi
pi: L20
4. pipi pi mL50 HCl vw /%65.3 pi HCl M5.0 1=rHA 5.35=rClA pi: L05.0
pi
pi 1n mol 1C
1V
pi 12 nn = mol 2C
2V
1n = 2n 11VC = 22VC
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12
mol mol
pi pipi pi pi
g600 ( NaOH ), pi vw /%4 pi mLg /2.1 , pi L5.4 M2 .
( 1 2)
VCVCVC =+ 2211
1 g600 pi vw /%4 pi mLg /2.1
1
pi 1n mol 1C
1V
2
pi 2n mol 2C
2V
1n + 2n = n
11VC + 22VC = VC
pi n mol C
21 VVV +=
+ =
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1C 1V . pi pi pi
pi 1V
pi pi =Vm
LmLmV 5.05002.1
600====
pi 1C
pi pipi pi vw /%4 : mL100 pi g4 NaOH
pi NaOH mol rM
mn = pi m NaOH
)4( gm = rM ( 4011623 =++=++= rHrOrNarNaOH AAAM )
pi molMm
nrNaOH
NaOHNaoH 1.040
4===
pi VnC = pi . M
Lmol
mLmolC 1
1.01.0
1001.0
===
pi
1 MC 11 = LV 5.01 =
2 MC 22 = LV 5.42 =
;=C LVVV 521 =+= =+=+ tCLMLMVCVCVC 55.425.012211 =+ tC595.0 = tC55.9 MCt 9.1=
1
2
3
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1. mL200 HCl M2 mL800 HCl M5.0 . pi
pi: M8.0
2. mL1500 NaOH M2 L5.2 NaOH vw /%10 . pi
: . 1HA B = , . 16OA B = . 23NaA B =
pi: M375.1
3. mL800 NaOH pi ww /%1 pi mLg /5.1 L2.2 NaOH vw /%4 . pi
: . 1HA B = , . 16OA B = . 23NaA B =
pi: M83.0
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pi
mol . mol
g
rMm
n =
L ( STP )
mVV
n =
ANN
n =
NLVgMmol Amr = 4.22)(1
mol1
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16
g : rA
mn =
: AN
Nn =
mol : )( nn =
pi pi pi : 12=rCA , 16=rOA , 1=rHA 32=rSA
)(22 gCO
)(42 aqSOH
)(323 gCOH
mol
m g
V L
( STP )
mol
m g
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mol pi pi pi pi .
2 mol 2CO , 1 mol 42SOH 3 mol 32COH pi
44321222
==+= rOrCrCO AAM 98164321242
42=++=++= rOrSrHSOrH AAAM
6216312123232
=++=++= rOrCrHCOrH AAAM
pi pi rM
mn = pipi
=
2
2
2rCO
COCO M
mn gMnm rCOCOCO 88442222 ===
=
42
42
42SOrH
SOHSOH M
mn gMnm SOrHSOHSOH 98981424242 ===
=
32
32
32COrH
COHCOH M
mn gMnm COrHCOHCOH 186623323232 ===
pi pi mV
Vn = pipi
=
2
2
2mCO
COCO V
Vn LLVnV mCOCOCO 8.444.222222 ===
=
32
32
32COmH
COHCOH V
Vn LLVnV COmHCOHCOH 2.674.223323232 ===
mol pi pi )( nn = pipi
2CO : molnn COO 422222 ===
42SOH : molnn SOHO 4414422 ===
32COH : molnn COHO 9333322 ===
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m pi pi rA
mn = pipi
2CO : =rO
OO A
mn gAnm rOOO 64164 ===
42SOH : =rO
OO A
mn gAnm rOOO 64164 ===
32COH : =rO
OO A
mn gAnm rOOO 144169 ===
pi pi
)(22 gCO
)(42 aqSOH
)(323 gCOH
mol
2 1 3
m g
88 98 186
V L ( STP )
8.44 ------- 2.67
mol
4
4 9
m g
64
64 144
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pi pipi, , pi
pi mol , pi pi g mol pi
rMm
n = L mol pi
mVV
n =
pi pi pi
pi pi pi pi
pi pi pi ( mol ) pi pi pi mol pi pi pipi pi , pi pi
pi pi , pi ( ) pi pi pi pipi pi STP
HCl pi pi
g8.2 KOH 39=rKA 16=rOA 1=rHA
1
2
3
4
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20
pi g8.2 KOH mol , pi pi KOH
5611639 =++=++= rHrOrKrKOH AAAM
molMm
nrKOH
KOHKOH 05.020
110282
281056
2856
8.2==
=
===
( )
HCl + KOH KCl + OH 2
HCl KOH pi
HCl + KOH KCl + OH 2 pi : mol1 HCl pi mol1 KOH pi : molX ; HCl pi mol05.0 KOH
molXX
05.005.011
==
HCl pi
pi mHCl
HClHCl V
Vn =
pi
1
2
3
4
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21
=mHCl
HClHCl V
Vn LLVnV mHClHClHCl 12.14.2205.0 === STP , pi HCl , g20 pi pi ww /%88 ()
56=rFeA 32=rSA pi pi () pi pi
pi pipi pi ww /%88 : g100 pi g88 FeS pi g20 pi gX ; FeS
pi gXX6.17
100208888
20100
=
==
pi g6.17 FeS mol , pi pi FeS
883256 =+=+= rSrFerFeS AAM
molMm
nrFeS
FeSFeS 2.010
21088882
1088176
886.17
==
=
===
( )
HCl2 + FeS 2FeCl + SH2
FeS SH 2 pi
71
1
2
3
-
22
HCl2 + FeS 2FeCl + SH2
pi : pi mol1 FeS pi mol1 SH 2
pi : pi mol2.0 FeS pi molX ; SH 2
molXX
2.012.0
1==
SH 2 pi
pi =SmH
SHSH V
Vn
2
2
2
pi
=SmH
SHSH V
Vn
2
2
2LLVnV SmHSHSH 48.44.222.0222 ===
g10 M +2 , pi . pi pi pi pi pi pi g2.11 . M 12=rCA 16=rOA 39=rKA 1=rHA
pi 3MCO pi g10 3MCO mol , pi pi 3MCO
601631233
+=++=++= xxAAAM rOrCrMrMCO
molxM
mn
rMCO
MCOMCO 60
10
3
3
3 +==
4
78
1
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23
pi g2.11 KOH mol , pi pi KOH 5611639 =++=++= rHrOrKrKOH AAAM
molMm
nrKOH
KOHKOH 2.010
21056562
1056112
562.11
==
=
===
( pi )
HCl2 + 3MCO 2MCl + 32COH
3MCO 32COH
32COH + KOH2 32COK + OH22
32COH KOH
pi
HCl2 + 3MCO 2MCl + 32COH
pi : pi mol1 3MCO pi mol1 32COH
pi : pi molx 60
10+
3MCO pi molX ; 32COH
molx
XX
x
60101
60101
+==
+
2
3
pi pi
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32COH + KOH2 32COK + OH22
pi : mol1 32COH pi mol2 KOH
pi : molx 60
10+
32COH pi mol2.0 KOH
402.0
882.020122.060
1022.02.0
2
60101
====++
==
+
xxxx
x
. mol pi, pipi
g2.3 312.1 m STP
16=rOA 32=rSA pi Kg2.3 S mol , pi pi S
32== rSrS AM
molMm
nrS
SS 10032
1003232
102.3 3=
=
==
pi 312.1 m 2O mol , pi 312.1 m L
LLm 1120100012.112.1 3 ==
molVV
nm
O 504.221120
2===
( )
S + 2O 2SO
V pi 76
1
2
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25
S 2O pi
S + 2O 2SO
pi : mol1 S mol1 2O pi mol1 2SO
pi : mol100 S mol50 2O pi molX ; 2SO pi pi pi pi pi
pi S 2SO
molXX
1001100
1== pi mol100 2SO
pi 2O 2SO
molXX
501501
== pi mol50 2SO
pi pi pi pi pi pi pipi pi
S + 2O 2SO
pi : mol1 S mol1 2O pi : mol100 S molX ; 2O
molXX
1001100
1== mol100 2O pi pi
pi : mol1 S mol1 2O pi : molX ; S mol50 2O
molXX
505011
== mol50 S pi pi pi pi pi .
3
-
26
S + 2O 2SO
pi : pi mol1 2O pi mol1 2SO
pi : pi mol50 2O pi molX ; 2SO
molXX
501501
== pi mol50 2SO
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1
g5.19 Zn pi HCl . pi pi 2N 3NH . pi 3NH pi pi STP pi: L48.4
2
g8.8 FeS pi HCl . pi pi 3AgNO . pi pi pi
pi: g8.24
3
g6.15 2CaF pi 42SOH . T pi pipi pi pi mL250 NaOH . pi NaOH .
pi: M6.1
4 pi ( ) 424 SONH pi NaOH . pi pi pi mL250 HCl M2 . pi pi ( ) 424 SONH pi
pi: g33
5
mL300 NaCl pi 42SOH . pi pi ( )2OHCa . pi pipi pi 43POH , pi g31 . pi NaCl
pi: M2
-
28
6
g5.9 pi 42SOH . pi pi NaOH . pi , STP pi: M48.4
: 1=rHA , 14=rNA , 65=ZnAr , 56=rFeA , 32=rSA , 19=rFA , 40=rCaA , 23=rNaA , 5.35=rClA , 16=rOA , 31=rPA , 108=rAgA , 24=rMgA