1

A. -

pipi pi 1.T . . pi .pi .

2. pi ( )ww /%

. g pi pi g100 . g pi pi g100 . mL pi pi g100 . g pi pi mL100

3. NaCl ww /%12

. mL12 NaCl g100 . mL12 NaCl mL100 . g12 NaCl mL100 . g12 NaCl g100

4. ww /%20

. g20 , mL100 g100 . g20 , g100 g100 . g20 , g80 g100 . g20 , g100 g120

5. pi ( )vw /%

. g pi pi g100 . g pi pi mL100 . mL pi pi g100 . g pi pi mL100

6. NaCl vw /%12

. mL12 NaCl g100 . mL12 NaCl mL100 . g12 NaCl mL100

2

. g12 NaCl g100

7. vw /%20 ( pi pi )

. g20 , mL100 mL100 . g20 , mL80 g100 . g20 , mL80 mL100 . g20 , mL100 mL120

8. pi ( )vv /%

. g pi pi g100 . g pi pi g100 . mL pi pi mL100 . mL pi pi mL100

9. pi vv /%12

. mL12 pi g100 . mL12 pi mL100 . g12 pi mL100 . g12 pi g100

10. pi vv /%20

. mL20 pi , mL100 mL100 . g20 pi , mL80 g100 . mL20 pi , mL80 mL100 . mL20 pi , mL100 mL120 11.

. pi pi mL100 . pi pi g100 . pi pi pi pi , pi

. pi pi g100 C0100

12. ( NaCl ) pi . . , pi . pi . pi

13. g100 g25 A . pi

. ww /%25 . ww /%20 . ww /%75 . ww /%80 14. pi pi pi pi

3

. . . pi . pi

15. pi vv /%20 2O . 2O pi pi L5.0

. g20 . mL100 . L1 . g100 16. pi . pi pi . .

. ww /% pi .

17. NaCl vw /%5 pi pi g20 NaCl ( pi pi NaCl )

. mL100 . mL10 . mL200 . mL400

1. vw /%25 mL100 pi g25

2. NaCl ww /%15 g100 pi g15 NaCl

3. pi vv /%40 mL100 pi mL40

pi pi , pi

4

)(g mL

pi pi, pi pi pi , pi

. w

w%5 A ,

A : g5

v

w%5 A ,

A : g5

v

v%5 A ,

A : mL5

pi pi pi pi, pi

)(g mL

pi pi w

w% v

v% , pi pipi pi

pi pi

pi pi v

w% pi (pi.

pi Vm

= pi pi (

) pi ( )

pi pi pi pi ( ) pi pi w

w%

v

w%

. w

w%5 A ,

A g5 g100

pi ggg 955100 =

5

v

w%5 A ,

A g5 mL100

pi

pi pi mLg /1= ,

gmLmLg

mVmVm 1001001 ====

ggg 955100 =

v

v%5 A ,

A mL5 mL100

pi mLmLmL 955100 =

pi pipi pi

pi pi, 100 pi pi

)(g mL

. w

w%5 A ,

g100 pi ggg 955100 =

v

w%5 A , mL100

v

v%5 A , mL100

pi

6

w

w%5

A ,

A : g5 g100

ggg 955100 =

v

w%5

A ,

A : g5 mL100

pi

v

v%5

A ,

A : mL5

mL100

mLmLmL 955100 =

pipi pi , pi pi pi pi pi, pi pi pipi pi pipi pi pi pi, pi pipi pi 100 ... pi .... pi pi pi pi, pi pi

7

pi ww /%20 NaCl g pi g NaCl pi g400

pi pipi pi ww /%20 : g100 pi g20 NaCl pi g400 pi gX ; NaCl

pi gXX80

1002040020

400100

=

==

g400 NaCl pi g80 NaCl . pi ww /% pi NaCl

pi g400 pi g80 NaCl pi pi pi: g100 pi gX ; NaCl

pi gXX20

4008010080

100400

=

== ww /%20

g320 g80 NaCl . pi ww /% pi NaCl

NaCl

pi gggmmm NaClOH 400803202 =+=+=

pi g400 pi g80 NaCl pi pi pi: g100 pi gX ; NaCl

pi gXX20

4008010080

100400

=

== ww /%20

pi

Z

pi

8

NaOH pi ww /%25 pi mLg /2.0 .

pi vw /% pi

NaOH

pi pipi pi ww /%25 : g100 pi g25 NaOH pi

pi Vm

=

mLmLggVmV

Vm 500

/2.0100

====

pi : mL500 pi g25 NaOH pi pi pi: mL100 pi gX ; NaOH

pi gXX5

5002510025

100500

=

== vw /%5

1. g200 g50 NaCl . ww /% pi

pi: ww /%20

2. pi ww /%10 NaCl ww /%2 2CaCl . g , pi g NaCl pi g 2CaCl pi g500 pi: g440 , g50 , g10

3. g200 g50 NaOH , pi pi ww /%20 . pi pipi pi

. NaOH pi pi . ww /% pi pi: g250 , ww /%16

V pi

pi

9

4. NaOH pi ww /%25 pi mLg /4.0 . pi vw /% pi

pi: vw /%10

5. NaCl pi vw /%20 pipi . pi vw /% pi

pi: vw /%4

6. g450 g50 NaCl pi pipi pi mLg /5.0= pi

pi ww /% vw /% pi: ww /%10 vw /%5 1. g NaCl pipi g450 pi

ww /%10 pi: g50 NaCl 2. g NaCl pipi mL500 pi

vw /%8 pi: g40 NaCl

3. mL pi pipi mL200 pi vv /%12 pi:24 mL

10

pi ( )

VnC =

mol g rM

mn =

mol L ( STP) mV

Vn = nRTPV =

g L ( ) V

m=

pi pi vw /% VnC =

pi NaOH pi vw /%10 NaOH

pi pipi pi vw /%10 : mL100 pi g10 NaOH

pi NaOH mol rM

mn = pi m NaOH

)10( gm = rM ( 4011623 =++=++= rHrOrNarNaOH AAAM )

pi molMm

nrNaOH

NaOHNaoH 25.040

10===

pi VnC = pi . M

Lmol

mLmolC 5.2

1.025.0

10025.0

===

1

2

3

11

pi mol ( )

pi pipi pi

1. pipi pi L4 HCl M2 pi HCl M5.0

pi: L12

2. NaOH M2 pipi . pi NaOH pi: M4.0

3. NaCl M2 L5 pi NaCl M5.0 . pi

pi: L20

4. pipi pi mL50 HCl vw /%65.3 pi HCl M5.0 1=rHA 5.35=rClA pi: L05.0

pi

pi 1n mol 1C

1V

pi 12 nn = mol 2C

2V

1n = 2n 11VC = 22VC

12

mol mol

pi pipi pi pi

g600 ( NaOH ), pi vw /%4 pi mLg /2.1 , pi L5.4 M2 .

( 1 2)

VCVCVC =+ 2211

1 g600 pi vw /%4 pi mLg /2.1

1

pi 1n mol 1C

1V

2

pi 2n mol 2C

2V

1n + 2n = n

11VC + 22VC = VC

pi n mol C

21 VVV +=

+ =

13

1C 1V . pi pi pi

pi 1V

pi pi =Vm

LmLmV 5.05002.1

600====

pi 1C

pi pipi pi vw /%4 : mL100 pi g4 NaOH

pi NaOH mol rM

mn = pi m NaOH

)4( gm = rM ( 4011623 =++=++= rHrOrNarNaOH AAAM )

pi molMm

nrNaOH

NaOHNaoH 1.040

4===

pi VnC = pi . M

Lmol

mLmolC 1

1.01.0

1001.0

===

pi

1 MC 11 = LV 5.01 =

2 MC 22 = LV 5.42 =

;=C LVVV 521 =+= =+=+ tCLMLMVCVCVC 55.425.012211 =+ tC595.0 = tC55.9 MCt 9.1=

1

2

3

14

1. mL200 HCl M2 mL800 HCl M5.0 . pi

pi: M8.0

2. mL1500 NaOH M2 L5.2 NaOH vw /%10 . pi

: . 1HA B = , . 16OA B = . 23NaA B =

pi: M375.1

3. mL800 NaOH pi ww /%1 pi mLg /5.1 L2.2 NaOH vw /%4 . pi

: . 1HA B = , . 16OA B = . 23NaA B =

pi: M83.0

15

pi

mol . mol

g

rMm

n =

L ( STP )

mVV

n =

ANN

n =

NLVgMmol Amr = 4.22)(1

mol1

16

g : rA

mn =

: AN

Nn =

mol : )( nn =

pi pi pi : 12=rCA , 16=rOA , 1=rHA 32=rSA

)(22 gCO

)(42 aqSOH

)(323 gCOH

mol

m g

V L

( STP )

mol

m g

17

mol pi pi pi pi .

2 mol 2CO , 1 mol 42SOH 3 mol 32COH pi

44321222

==+= rOrCrCO AAM 98164321242

42=++=++= rOrSrHSOrH AAAM

6216312123232

=++=++= rOrCrHCOrH AAAM

pi pi rM

mn = pipi

=

2

2

2rCO

COCO M

mn gMnm rCOCOCO 88442222 ===

=

42

42

42SOrH

SOHSOH M

mn gMnm SOrHSOHSOH 98981424242 ===

=

32

32

32COrH

COHCOH M

mn gMnm COrHCOHCOH 186623323232 ===

pi pi mV

Vn = pipi

=

2

2

2mCO

COCO V

Vn LLVnV mCOCOCO 8.444.222222 ===

=

32

32

32COmH

COHCOH V

Vn LLVnV COmHCOHCOH 2.674.223323232 ===

mol pi pi )( nn = pipi

2CO : molnn COO 422222 ===

42SOH : molnn SOHO 4414422 ===

32COH : molnn COHO 9333322 ===

18

m pi pi rA

mn = pipi

2CO : =rO

OO A

mn gAnm rOOO 64164 ===

42SOH : =rO

OO A

mn gAnm rOOO 64164 ===

32COH : =rO

OO A

mn gAnm rOOO 144169 ===

pi pi

)(22 gCO

)(42 aqSOH

)(323 gCOH

mol

2 1 3

m g

88 98 186

V L ( STP )

8.44 ------- 2.67

mol

4

4 9

m g

64

64 144

19

pi pipi, , pi

pi mol , pi pi g mol pi

rMm

n = L mol pi

mVV

n =

pi pi pi

pi pi pi pi

pi pi pi ( mol ) pi pi pi mol pi pi pipi pi , pi pi

pi pi , pi ( ) pi pi pi pipi pi STP

HCl pi pi

g8.2 KOH 39=rKA 16=rOA 1=rHA

1

2

3

4

20

pi g8.2 KOH mol , pi pi KOH

5611639 =++=++= rHrOrKrKOH AAAM

molMm

nrKOH

KOHKOH 05.020

110282

281056

2856

8.2==

=

===

( )

HCl + KOH KCl + OH 2

HCl KOH pi

HCl + KOH KCl + OH 2 pi : mol1 HCl pi mol1 KOH pi : molX ; HCl pi mol05.0 KOH

molXX

05.005.011

==

HCl pi

pi mHCl

HClHCl V

Vn =

pi

1

2

3

4

21

=mHCl

HClHCl V

Vn LLVnV mHClHClHCl 12.14.2205.0 === STP , pi HCl , g20 pi pi ww /%88 ()

56=rFeA 32=rSA pi pi () pi pi

pi pipi pi ww /%88 : g100 pi g88 FeS pi g20 pi gX ; FeS

pi gXX6.17

100208888

20100

=

==

pi g6.17 FeS mol , pi pi FeS

883256 =+=+= rSrFerFeS AAM

molMm

nrFeS

FeSFeS 2.010

21088882

1088176

886.17

==

=

===

( )

HCl2 + FeS 2FeCl + SH2

FeS SH 2 pi

71

1

2

3

22

HCl2 + FeS 2FeCl + SH2

pi : pi mol1 FeS pi mol1 SH 2

pi : pi mol2.0 FeS pi molX ; SH 2

molXX

2.012.0

1==

SH 2 pi

pi =SmH

SHSH V

Vn

2

2

2

pi

=SmH

SHSH V

Vn

2

2

2LLVnV SmHSHSH 48.44.222.0222 ===

g10 M +2 , pi . pi pi pi pi pi pi g2.11 . M 12=rCA 16=rOA 39=rKA 1=rHA

pi 3MCO pi g10 3MCO mol , pi pi 3MCO

601631233

+=++=++= xxAAAM rOrCrMrMCO

molxM

mn

rMCO

MCOMCO 60

10

3

3

3 +==

4

78

1

23

pi g2.11 KOH mol , pi pi KOH 5611639 =++=++= rHrOrKrKOH AAAM

molMm

nrKOH

KOHKOH 2.010

21056562

1056112

562.11

==

=

===

( pi )

HCl2 + 3MCO 2MCl + 32COH

3MCO 32COH

32COH + KOH2 32COK + OH22

32COH KOH

pi

HCl2 + 3MCO 2MCl + 32COH

pi : pi mol1 3MCO pi mol1 32COH

pi : pi molx 60

10+

3MCO pi molX ; 32COH

molx

XX

x

60101

60101

+==

+

2

3

pi pi

24

32COH + KOH2 32COK + OH22

pi : mol1 32COH pi mol2 KOH

pi : molx 60

10+

32COH pi mol2.0 KOH

402.0

882.020122.060

1022.02.0

2

60101

====++

==

+

xxxx

x

. mol pi, pipi

g2.3 312.1 m STP

16=rOA 32=rSA pi Kg2.3 S mol , pi pi S

32== rSrS AM

molMm

nrS

SS 10032

1003232

102.3 3=

=

==

pi 312.1 m 2O mol , pi 312.1 m L

LLm 1120100012.112.1 3 ==

molVV

nm

O 504.221120

2===

( )

S + 2O 2SO

V pi 76

1

2

25

S 2O pi

S + 2O 2SO

pi : mol1 S mol1 2O pi mol1 2SO

pi : mol100 S mol50 2O pi molX ; 2SO pi pi pi pi pi

pi S 2SO

molXX

1001100

1== pi mol100 2SO

pi 2O 2SO

molXX

501501

== pi mol50 2SO

pi pi pi pi pi pi pipi pi

S + 2O 2SO

pi : mol1 S mol1 2O pi : mol100 S molX ; 2O

molXX

1001100

1== mol100 2O pi pi

pi : mol1 S mol1 2O pi : molX ; S mol50 2O

molXX

505011

== mol50 S pi pi pi pi pi .

3

26

S + 2O 2SO

pi : pi mol1 2O pi mol1 2SO

pi : pi mol50 2O pi molX ; 2SO

molXX

501501

== pi mol50 2SO

27

1

g5.19 Zn pi HCl . pi pi 2N 3NH . pi 3NH pi pi STP pi: L48.4

2

g8.8 FeS pi HCl . pi pi 3AgNO . pi pi pi

pi: g8.24

3

g6.15 2CaF pi 42SOH . T pi pipi pi pi mL250 NaOH . pi NaOH .

pi: M6.1

4 pi ( ) 424 SONH pi NaOH . pi pi pi mL250 HCl M2 . pi pi ( ) 424 SONH pi

pi: g33

5

mL300 NaCl pi 42SOH . pi pi ( )2OHCa . pi pipi pi 43POH , pi g31 . pi NaCl

pi: M2

28

6

g5.9 pi 42SOH . pi pi NaOH . pi , STP pi: M48.4

: 1=rHA , 14=rNA , 65=ZnAr , 56=rFeA , 32=rSA , 19=rFA , 40=rCaA , 23=rNaA , 5.35=rClA , 16=rOA , 31=rPA , 108=rAgA , 24=rMgA