MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE ELEMENTS AND · PDF fileMAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE ELEMENTS...
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4-130 MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE ELEMENTS AND INORGANIC COMPOUNDS When a material is placed in a magnetic field H, a magnetization (magnetic moment per unit volume) M is induced in the material which is related to H by M = κH, where κ is called the volume susceptibility. Since H and M have the same dimensions, κ is dimensionless. A more useful parameter is the molar susceptibility χ m , defined by χ m = κV m = κ M/ρ where V m is the molar volume of the substance, M the molar mass, and ρ the mass density. When the cgs system is used, the customary units for χ m are cm 3 mol -1 ; the corresponding SI units are m 3 mol -1 . Substances that have no unpaired electron orbital or spin angular momentum generally have negative values of χ m and are called diamagnetic. Their molar susceptibility varies only slightly with temperature. Substances with unpaired electrons, which are termed paramagnetic, have positive χ m and show a much stronger temperature dependence, varying roughly as 1/T. The net susceptibility of a paramagnetic substance is the sum of the paramagnetic and diamagnetic contributions, but the former almost always dominates. This table gives values of χ m for the elements and selected inorganic compounds. All values refer to nominal room temperature (285 to 300 K) unless otherwise indicated. When the physical state (s = solid, l = liquid, g = gas, aq = aqueous solution) is not given, the most common crystalline form is understood. An entry of “Ferro.” indicates a ferromagnetic substance. Substances are arranged in alphabetical order by the most common name, except that compounds such as hydrides, oxides, and acids are grouped with the parent element (the same ordering used in the table “Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds”). In keeping with customary practice, the molar susceptibility is given here in units appropriate to the cgs system. These values should be multiplied by 4π to obtain values for use in SI equations (where the magnetic field strength H has units of A m -1 ). REFERENCES 1. Landolt-Börnstein, Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology, New Series, II/16, Diamagnetic Susceptibility, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1986. 2. Landolt-Börnstein, Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology, New Series, III/19, Subvolumes a to i2, Magnetic Properties of Metals, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1986-1992. 3. Landolt-Börnstein, Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology, New Series, II/2, II/8, II/10, II/11,and II/12a, Coordination and Organometallic Transition Metal Compounds, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1966-1984. 4. Tables de Constantes et Données Numérique, Volume 7, Relaxation Paramagnetique, Masson, Paris, 1957. Name Formula χ m /10 -6 cm 3 mol -1 Aluminum Al +16.5 Aluminum trifluoride AlF 3 -13.9 Aluminum oxide Al 2 O 3 -37 Aluminum sulfate Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 -93 Ammonia (g) NH 3 -16.3 Ammonia (aq) NH 3 -18.3 Ammonium acetate NH 4 C 2 H 3 O 2 -41.1 Ammonium bromide NH 4 Br -47 Ammonium carbonate (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 -42.5 Ammonium chlorate NH 4 ClO 3 -42.1 Ammonium chloride NH 4 Cl -36.7 Ammonium fluoride NH 4 F -23 Ammonium iodate NH 4 IO 3 -62.3 Ammonium iodide NH 4 I -66 Ammonium nitrate NH 4 NO 3 -33 Ammonium sulfate (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 -67 Ammonium thiocyanate NH 4 SCN -48.1 Antimony Sb -99 Stibine (g) SbH 3 -34.6 Antimony(III) bromide SbBr 3 -111.4 Antimony(III) chloride SbCl 3 -86.7 Antimony(III) fluoride SbF 3 -46 Antimony(III) iodide SbI 3 -147.2 Antimony(III) oxide Sb 2 O 3 -69.4 Antimony(III) sulfide Sb 2 S 3 -86 Antimony(V) chloride SbCl 5 -120.5 Argon (g) Ar -19.32 Arsenic (gray) As -5.6 Arsenic (yellow) As -23.2 Arsine (g) AsH 3 -35.2 Arsenic(III) bromide AsBr 3 -106 Arsenic(III) chloride AsCl 3 -72.5 Arsenic(III) iodide AsI 3 -142.2 Arsenic(III) oxide As 2 O 3 -30.34 Arsenic(III) sulfide As 2 S 3 -70 Barium Ba +20.6 Barium bromide BaBr 2 -92 Barium bromide dihydrate BaBr 2 ·2H 2 O -119.3 Barium carbonate BaCO 3 -58.9 Barium chloride BaCl 2 -72.6 Barium chloride dihydrate BaCl 2 ·2H 2 O -100 Barium fluoride BaF 2 -51 Barium hydroxide Ba(OH) 2 -53.2 Barium iodate Ba(IO 3 ) 2 -122.5 Barium iodide BaI 2 -124.4 Barium iodide dihydrate BaI 2 ·2H 2 O -163 Barium nitrate Ba(NO 3 ) 2 -66.5 Barium oxide BaO -29.1 Barium peroxide BaO 2 -40.6 Barium sulfate BaSO 4 -65.8 Beryllium Be -9.0 Beryllium chloride BeCl 2 -26.5 Beryllium hydroxide Be(OH) 2 -23.1 Beryllium oxide BeO -11.9 Beryllium sulfate BeSO 4 -37 Bismuth Bi -280.1 Name Formula χ m /10 -6 cm 3 mol -1
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Transcript of MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE ELEMENTS AND · PDF fileMAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE ELEMENTS...
4-130
MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE ELEMENTS AND INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
When a material is placed in a magnetic field H, a magnetization (magnetic moment per unit volume) M is induced in the material which is relatedto H by M = κH, where κ is called the volume susceptibility. Since H and M have the same dimensions, κ is dimensionless. A more useful parameteris the molar susceptibility χm , defined by
χm = κVm = κ M/ρ
where Vm is the molar volume of the substance, M the molar mass, and ρ the mass density. When the cgs system is used, the customary units for χm
are cm3 mol-1; the corresponding SI units are m3 mol-1.Substances that have no unpaired electron orbital or spin angular momentum generally have negative values of χm and are called diamagnetic. Their
molar susceptibility varies only slightly with temperature. Substances with unpaired electrons, which are termed paramagnetic, have positive χm andshow a much stronger temperature dependence, varying roughly as 1/T. The net susceptibility of a paramagnetic substance is the sum of theparamagnetic and diamagnetic contributions, but the former almost always dominates.
This table gives values of χm for the elements and selected inorganic compounds. All values refer to nominal room temperature (285 to 300 K)unless otherwise indicated. When the physical state (s = solid, l = liquid, g = gas, aq = aqueous solution) is not given, the most common crystallineform is understood. An entry of “Ferro.” indicates a ferromagnetic substance.
Substances are arranged in alphabetical order by the most common name, except that compounds such as hydrides, oxides, and acids are groupedwith the parent element (the same ordering used in the table “Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds”).
In keeping with customary practice, the molar susceptibility is given here in units appropriate to the cgs system. These values should be multipliedby 4π to obtain values for use in SI equations (where the magnetic field strength H has units of A m-1).
REFERENCES
1. Landolt-Börnstein, Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology, New Series, II/16, Diamagnetic Susceptibility,Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1986.
2. Landolt-Börnstein, Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology, New Series, III/19, Subvolumes a to i2,Magnetic Properties of Metals, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1986-1992.
3. Landolt-Börnstein, Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology, New Series, II/2, II/8, II/10, II/11,and II/12a,Coordination and Organometallic Transition Metal Compounds, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1966-1984.
4. Tables de Constantes et Données Numérique, Volume 7, Relaxation Paramagnetique, Masson, Paris, 1957.
Name Formula χm/10-6 cm3 mol-1
Aluminum Al +16.5Aluminum trifluoride AlF3 -13.9Aluminum oxide Al2O3 -37Aluminum sulfate Al2(SO4)3 -93Ammonia (g) NH3 -16.3Ammonia (aq) NH3 -18.3Ammonium acetate NH4C2H3O2 -41.1Ammonium bromide NH4Br -47Ammonium carbonate (NH4)2CO3 -42.5Ammonium chlorate NH4ClO3 -42.1Ammonium chloride NH4Cl -36.7Ammonium fluoride NH4F -23Ammonium iodate NH4IO3 -62.3Ammonium iodide NH4I -66Ammonium nitrate NH4NO3 -33Ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4 -67Ammonium thiocyanate NH4SCN -48.1Antimony Sb -99Stibine (g) SbH3 -34.6Antimony(III) bromide SbBr3 -111.4Antimony(III) chloride SbCl3 -86.7Antimony(III) fluoride SbF3 -46Antimony(III) iodide SbI3 -147.2Antimony(III) oxide Sb2O3 -69.4Antimony(III) sulfide Sb2S3 -86Antimony(V) chloride SbCl5 -120.5Argon (g) Ar -19.32Arsenic (gray) As -5.6
Arsenic (yellow) As -23.2Arsine (g) AsH3 -35.2Arsenic(III) bromide AsBr3 -106Arsenic(III) chloride AsCl3 -72.5Arsenic(III) iodide AsI3 -142.2Arsenic(III) oxide As2O3 -30.34Arsenic(III) sulfide As2S3 -70Barium Ba +20.6Barium bromide BaBr2 -92Barium bromide dihydrate BaBr2·2H2O -119.3Barium carbonate BaCO3 -58.9Barium chloride BaCl2 -72.6Barium chloride dihydrate BaCl2·2H2O -100Barium fluoride BaF2 -51Barium hydroxide Ba(OH)2 -53.2Barium iodate Ba(IO3)2 -122.5Barium iodide BaI2 -124.4Barium iodide dihydrate BaI2·2H2O -163Barium nitrate Ba(NO3)2 -66.5Barium oxide BaO -29.1Barium peroxide BaO2 -40.6Barium sulfate BaSO4 -65.8Beryllium Be -9.0Beryllium chloride BeCl2 -26.5Beryllium hydroxide Be(OH)2 -23.1Beryllium oxide BeO -11.9Beryllium sulfate BeSO4 -37Bismuth Bi -280.1
Name Formula χm/10-6 cm3 mol-1
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Bismuth tribromide BiBr3 -147Bismuth trichloride BiCl3 -26.5Bismuth fluoride BiF3 -61.2Bismuth hydroxide Bi(OH)3 -65.8Bismuth triiodide BiI3 -200.5Bismuth nitrate pentahydrate Bi(NO3)3·5H2O -159Bismuth oxide Bi2O3 -83Bismuth phosphate BiPO4 -77Bismuth sulfate Bi2(SO4)3 -199Bismuth sulfide Bi2S3 -123Boron B -6.7Diborane (g) B2H6 -21.0Boric acid (orthoboric acid) H3BO3 -34.1Boron trichloride BCl3 -59.9Boron oxide B2O3 -38.7Bromine (l) Br2 -56.4Bromine (g) Br2 -73.5Bromine trifluoride BrF3 -33.9Bromine pentafluoride BrF5 -45.1Cadmium Cd -19.7Cadmium bromide CdBr2 -87.3Cadmium bromide CdBr2·4H2O -131.5
tetrahydrateCadmium carbonate CdCO3 -46.7Cadmium chloride CdCl2 -68.7Cadmium chromate CdCrO4 -16.8Cadmium cyanide Cd(CN)2 -54Cadmium fluoride CdF2 -40.6Cadmium hydroxide Cd(OH)2 -41Cadmium iodate Cd(IO3)2 -108.4Cadmium iodide CdI2 -117.2Cadmium nitrate Cd(NO3)2 -55.1Cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate Cd(NO3)2·4H2O -140Cadmium oxide CdO -30Cadmium sulfate CdSO4 -59.2Cadmium sulfide CdS -50Calcium Ca +40Calcium bromide CaBr2 -73.8Calcium carbonate CaCO3 -38.2Calcium chloride CaCl2 -54.7Calcium fluoride CaF2 -28Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 -22Calcium iodate Ca(IO3)2 -101.4Calcium iodide CaI2 -109Calcium oxide CaO -15.0Calcium sulfate CaSO4 -49.7Calcium sulfate dihydrate CaSO4·2H2O -74Carbon (diamond) C -5.9Carbon (graphite) C -6.0Carbon monoxide (g) CO -9.8Carbon dioxide (g) CO2 -21.0Cerium (β) Ce +2500Cerium(II) sulfide CeS +2110Cerium(III) chloride CeCl3 +2490Cerium(III) fluoride CeF3 +2190Cerium(III) sulfide Ce2S3 +5080Cerium(IV) oxide CeO2 +26Cerium(IV) sulfate Ce(SO4)2·4H2O -97
tetrahydrate
Cesium Cs +29Cesium bromate CsBrO3 -75.1Cesium bromide CsBr -67.2Cesium carbonate Cs2CO3 -103.6Cesium chlorate CsClO3 -65Cesium chloride CsCl -56.7Cesium fluoride CsF -44.5Cesium iodide CsI -82.6Cesium superoxide CsO2 +1534Cesium sulfate Cs2SO4 -116Chlorine (l) Cl2 -40.4Chlorine trifluoride (g) ClF3 -26.5Chromium Cr +167Chromium(II) chloride CrCl2 +7230Chromium(III) chloride CrCl3 +6350Chromium(III) fluoride CrF3 +4370Chromium(III) oxide Cr2O3 +1960Chromium(III) sulfate Cr2(SO4)3 +11800Chromium(VI) oxide CrO3 +40Cobalt Co Ferro.Cobalt(II) bromide CoBr2 +13000Cobalt(II) chloride CoCl2 +12660Cobalt(II) chloride CoCl2·6H2O +9710
hexahydrateCobalt(II) cyanide Co(CN)2 +3825Cobalt(II) fluoride CoF2 +9490Cobalt(II) iodide CoI2 +10760Cobalt(II) sulfate CoSO4 +10000Cobalt(II) sulfide CoS +225Cobalt(II,III) oxide Co3O4 +7380Cobalt(III) fluoride CoF3 +1900Cobalt(III) oxide Co2O3 +4560Copper Cu -5.46Copper(I) bromide CuBr -49Copper(I) chloride CuCl -40Copper(I) cyanide CuCN -24Copper(I) iodide CuI -63Copper(I) oxide Cu2O -20Copper(II) bromide CuBr2 +685Copper(II) chloride CuCl2 +1080Copper(II) chloride dihydrate CuCl2·2H2O +1420Copper(II) fluoride CuF2 +1050Copper(II) fluoride dihydrate CuF2·2H2O +1600Copper(II) hydroxide Cu(OH)2 +1170Copper(II) nitrate trihydrate Cu(NO3)2·3H2O +1570Copper(II) nitrate Cu(NO3)2·6H2O +1625
hexahydrateCopper(II) oxide CuO +238Copper(II) sulfate CuSO4 +1330Copper(II) sulfate CuSO4·5H2O +1460
pentahydrateCopper(II) sulfide CuS -2.0Dysprosium (α) Dy +98000Dysprosium(III) oxide Dy2O3 +89600Dysprosium(III) sulfide Dy2S3 +95200Erbium Er +48000Erbium oxide Er2O3 +73920Erbium sulfate octahydrate Er2(SO4)3·8H2O +74600Erbium sulfide Er2S3 +77200
Name Formula χm/10-6 cm3 mol-1 Name Formula χm/10-6 cm3 mol-1
MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE ELEMENTS AND INORGANIC COMPOUNDS (continued)
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Europium Eu +30900Europium(II) bromide EuBr2 +26800Europium(II) chloride EuCl2 +26500Europium(II) fluoride EuF2 +23750Europium(II) iodide EuI2 +26000Europium(II) sulfide EuS +23800Europium(III) oxide Eu2O3 +10100Europium(III) sulfate Eu2(SO4)3 +10400Gadolinium (350 K) Gd +185000Gadolinium(III) chloride GdCl3 +27930Gadolinium(III) oxide Gd2O3 +53200Gadolinium(III) sulfate Gd2(SO4)3·8H2O +53280
octahydrateGadolinium(III) sulfide Gd2S3 +55500Gallium Ga -21.6Gallium suboxide Ga2O -34Gallium(II) sulfide GaS -23Gallium(III) chloride GaCl3 -63Gallium(III) sulfide Ga2S3 -80Germanium Ge -11.6Germane (g) GeH4 -29.7Germanium(II) oxide GeO -28.8Germanium(II) sulfide GeS -40.9Germanium(IV) chloride GeCl4 -72Germanium(IV) fluoride GeF4 -50Germanium(IV) iodide GeI4 -171Germanium(IV) oxide GeO2 -34.3Germanium(IV) sulfide GeS2 -53.9Gold Au -28Gold(I) bromide AuBr -61Gold(I) chloride AuCl -67Gold(I) iodide AuI -91Gold(III) chloride AuCl3 -112Hafnium Hf +71Hafnium oxide HfO2 -23Helium (g) He -2.02Holmium Ho +72900Holmium oxide Ho2O3 +88100Hydrazine (l) N2H4 -201Hydrogen (l, 20.3 K) H2 -5.44Hydrogen (g) H2 -3.99Hydrogen chloride (l) HCl -22.6Hydrogen chloride (aq) HCl -22Hydrogen fluoride (l) HF -8.6Hydrogen fluoride (aq) HF -9.3Hydrogen iodide (s, 195 K) HI -47.3Hydrogen iodide (l, 233 K) HI -48.3Hydrogen iodide (aq) HI -50.2Hydrogen peroxide (l) H2O2 -17.3Hydrogen sulfide (g) H2S -25.5Indium In -10.2Indium(I) chloride InCl -30Indium(II) chloride InCl2 -56Indium(II) sulfide InS -28Indium(III) bromide InBr3 -107Indium(III) chloride InCl3 -86Indium(III) oxide In2O3 -56Indium(III) sulfide In2S3 -98Iodine I2 -90
Iodic acid HIO3 -48Iodine pentoxide I2O5 -79.4Iodine chloride ICl -54.6Iodine trichloride ICl3 -90.2Iodine pentafluoride IF5 -58.1Iridium Ir +25Iridium(III) chloride IrCl3 -14.4Iridium(IV) oxide IrO2 +224Iron Fe Ferro.Iron(II) bromide FeBr2 +13600Iron(II) carbonate FeCO3 +11300Iron(II) chloride FeCl2 +14750Iron(II) chloride tetrahydrate FeCl2·4H2O +12900Iron(II) fluoride FeF2 +9500Iron(II) iodide FeI2 +13600Iron(II) oxide FeO +7200Iron(II) sulfate FeSO4 +12400Iron(II) sulfate monohydrate FeSO4·H2O +10500Iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate FeSO4·7H2O +11200Iron(II) sulfide FeS +1074Iron(III) chloride FeCl3 +13450Iron(III) chloride hexahydrate FeCl3·6H2O +15250Iron(III) fluoride FeF3 +13760Iron(III) fluoride trihydrate FeF3·3H2O +7870Iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate Fe(NO3)3·9H2O +15200Krypton (g) Kr -29.0Lanthanum (α) La +95.9Lanthanum oxide La2O3 -78Lanthanum sulfate La2(SO4)3·9H2O -262
nonahydrateLanthanum sulfide La2S3 -37Lead Pb -23Lead(II) acetate Pb(C2H3O2)2 -89.1Lead(II) bromide PbBr2 -90.6Lead(II) carbonate PbCO3 -61.2Lead(II) chloride PbCl2 -73.8Lead(II) chromate PbCrO4 -18Lead(II) fluoride PbF2 -58.1Lead(II) iodate Pb(IO3)2 -131Lead(II) iodide PbI2 -126.5Lead(II) nitrate Pb(NO3)2 -74Lead(II) oxide PbO -42Lead(II) phosphate Pb3(PO4)2 -182Lead(II) sulfate PbSO4 -69.7Lead(II) sulfide PbS -83.6Lithium Li +14.2Lithium bromide LiBr -34.3Lithium carbonate Li2CO3 -27Lithium chloride LiCl -24.3Lithium fluoride LiF -10.1Lithium hydride LiH -4.6Lithium hydroxide (aq) LiOH -12.3Lithium iodide LiI -50Lithium sulfate Li2SO4 -41.6Lutetium Lu +182.9Magnesium Mg +13.1Magnesium bromide MgBr2 -72Magnesium carbonate MgCO3 -32.4Magnesium chloride MgCl2 -47.4
Name Formula χm/10-6 cm3 mol-1 Name Formula χm/10-6 cm3 mol-1
MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE ELEMENTS AND INORGANIC COMPOUNDS (continued)
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Magnesium fluoride MgF2 -22.7Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 -22.1Magnesium iodide MgI2 -111Magnesium oxide MgO -10.2Magnesium sulfate MgSO4 -42Magnesium sulfate MgSO4·H2O -61
monohydrateMagnesium sulfate MgSO4·7H2O -135.7
heptahydrateManganese Mn +511Manganese(II) bromide MnBr2 +13900Manganese(II) carbonate MnCO3 +11400Manganese(II) chloride MnCl2 +14350Manganese(II) chloride MnCl2·4H2O +14600
tetrahydrateManganese(II) fluoride MnF2 +10700Manganese(II) hydroxide Mn(OH)2 +13500Manganese(II) iodide MnI2 +14400Manganese(II) oxide MnO +4850Manganese(II) sulfate MnSO4 +13660Manganese(II) sulfate MnSO4·H2O +14200
monohydrateManganese(II) sulfate MnSO4·4H2O +14600
tetrahydrateManganese(II) sulfide MnS +5630
(α form)Manganese(II) sulfide MnS +3850
(β form)Manganese(II,III) oxide Mn3O4 +12400Manganese(III) fluoride MnF3 +10500Manganese(III) oxide Mn2O3 +14100Manganese(IV) oxide MnO2 +2280Mercury (s, 234 K) Hg -24.1Mercury (l) Hg -33.5Mercury(I) bromide Hg2Br2 -105Mercury(I) chloride Hg2Cl2 -120Mercury(I) fluoride Hg2F2 -106Mercury(I) iodide Hg2I2 -166Mercury(I) nitrate Hg2(NO3)2 -121Mercury(I) oxide Hg2O -76.3Mercury(I) sulfate Hg2SO4 -123Mercury(II) bromide HgBr2 -94.2Mercury(II) chloride HgCl2 -82Mercury(II) cyanide Hg(CN)2 -67Mercury(II) fluoride HgF2 -57.3Mercury(II) iodide HgI2 -165Mercury(II) nitrate Hg(NO3)2 -74Mercury(II) oxide HgO -46Mercury(II) sulfate HgSO4 -78.1Mercury(II) sulfide HgS -55.4Mercury(II) thiocyanate Hg(SCN)2 -96.5Molybdenum Mo +72Molybdenum(III) bromide MoBr3 +525Molybdenum(III) chloride MoCl3 +43Molybdenum(III) oxide Mo2O3 -42.0Molybdenum(IV) bromide MoBr4 +520Molybdenum(IV) chloride MoCl4 +1750Molybdenum(IV) oxide MoO2 +41Molybdenum(V) chloride MoCl5 +990
Molybdenum(VI) fluoride MoF6 -26.0Molybdenum(VI) oxide MoO3 +3Neodymium (α) Nd +5930Neodymium fluoride NdF3 +4980Neodymium oxide Nd2O3 +10200Neodymium sulfate Nd2(SO4)3 +9990Neodymium sulfide Nd2S3 +5550Neon (g) Ne -6.96Neptunium Np +575Nickel Ni Ferro.Nickel(II) bromide NiBr2 +5600Nickel(II) chloride NiCl2 +6145Nickel(II) chloride NiCl2·6H2O +4240
hexahydrateNickel(II) fluoride NiF2 +2410Nickel(II) hydroxide Ni(OH)2 +4500Nickel(II) iodide NiI2 +3875Nickel(II) nitrate hexahydrate Ni(NO3)2·6H2O +4300Nickel(II) oxide NiO +660Nickel(II) sulfate NiSO4 +4005Nickel(II) sulfide NiS +190Nickel(III) sulfide Ni3S2 +1030Niobium Nb +208Niobium(V) oxide Nb2O5 -10Nitrogen (g) N2 -12.0Nitric acid (l) HNO3 -19.9Nitrous oxide (g) N2O -18.9Nitric oxide (s, 90 K) NO +19.8Nitric oxide (l, 118 K) NO +114.2Nitric oxide (g) NO +1461Nitrogen dioxide (g, 408 K) NO2 +150Nitrogen trioxide (g) N2O3 -16Nitrogen tetroxide (g) N2O4 -23.0Osmium Os +11Oxygen (s, 54 K) O2 +10200Oxygen (l, 90 K) O2 +7699Oxygen (g) O2 +3449Ozone (l) O3 +6.7Palladium Pd +540Palladium(II) chloride PdCl2 -38Phosphorus (white) P -26.66Phosphorus (red) P -20.77Phosphine (g) PH3 -26.2Phosphoric acid (aq) H3PO4 -43.8Phosphorous acid (aq) H3PO3 -42.5Phosphorus(III) chloride (l) PCl3 -63.4Platinum Pt +193Platinum(II) chloride PtCl2 -54Platinum(III) chloride PtCl3 -66.7Platinum(IV) chloride PtCl4 -93Platinum(IV) fluoride PtF4 +445Plutonium Pu +525Plutonium(IV) fluoride PuF4 +1760Plutonium(IV) oxide PuO2 +730Plutonium(VI) fluoride PuF6 +173Potassium K +20.8Potassium bromate KBrO3 -52.6Potassium bromide KBr -49.1Potassium carbonate K2CO3 -59
Name Formula χm/10-6 cm3 mol-1 Name Formula χm/10-6 cm3 mol-1
MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE ELEMENTS AND INORGANIC COMPOUNDS (continued)
4-134
Potassium chlorate KClO3 -42.8Potassium chloride KCl -38.8Potassium chromate K2CrO4 -3.9Potassium cyanide KCN -37Potassium ferricyanide K3Fe(CN)6 +2290Potassium ferrocyanide K4Fe(CN)6·3H2O -172.3
trihydratePotassium fluoride KF -23.6Potassium hydrogen sulfate KHSO4 -49.8Potassium hydroxide (aq) KOH -22Potassium iodate KIO3 -63.1Potassium iodide KI -63.8Potassium nitrate KNO3 -33.7Potassium nitrite KNO2 -23.3Potassium permanganate KMnO4 +20Potassium sulfate K2SO4 -67Potassium sulfide K2S -60Potassium superoxide KO2 +3230Potassium thiocyanate KSCN -48Praseodymium (α) Pr +5530Praseodymium chloride PrCl3 +44.5Praseodymium oxide Pr2O3 +8994Praseodymium sulfide Pr2S3 +10770Protactinium Pa +277Rhenium Re +67Rhenium(IV) oxide ReO2 +44Rhenium(IV) sulfide ReS2 +38Rhenium(V) chloride ReCl5 +1225Rhenium(VI) oxide ReO3 +16Rhenium(VII) oxide Re2O7 -16Rhodium Rh +102Rhodium(III) chloride RhCl3 -7.5Rhodium(III) oxide Rh2O3 +104Rubidium Rb +17Rubidium bromide RbBr -56.4Rubidium carbonate Rb2CO3 -75.4Rubidium chloride RbCl -46Rubidium fluoride RbF -31.9Rubidium iodide RbI -72.2Rubidium nitrate RbNO3 -41Rubidium sulfate Rb2SO4 -88.4Rubidium superoxide RbO2 +1527Ruthenium Ru +39Ruthenium(III) chloride RuCl3 +1998Ruthenium(IV) oxide RuO2 +162Samarium (α) Sm +1278Samarium(II) bromide SmBr2 +5337Samarium(III) bromide SmBr3 +972Samarium(III) oxide Sm2O3 +1988Samarium(III) sulfate Sm2(SO4)3·8H2O +1710
octahydrateSamarium(III) sulfide Sm2S3 +3300Scandium (α) Sc +295.2Selenium Se -25Selenium dioxide SeO2 -27.2Selenium bromide Se2Br2 -113Selenium chloride (l) Se2Cl2 -94.8Selenium hexafluoride (g) SeF6 -51Silicon Si -3.12
Silane (g) SiH4 -20.4Disilane (g) Si2H6 -37.3Tetramethylsilane (l) (CH3)4Si -74.80Tetraethylsilane (l) (C2H5)4Si -120.2Tetrabromosilane (l) SiBr4 -126Tetrachlorosilane (l) SiCl4 -87.5Silicon carbide SiC -12.8Silicon dioxide SiO2 -29.6Silver Ag -19.5Silver(I) bromide AgBr -61Silver(I) carbonate Ag2CO3 -80.90Silver(I) chloride AgCl -49Silver(I) chromate Ag2CrO4 -40Silver(I) cyanide AgCN -43.2Silver(I) fluoride AgF -36.5Silver(I) iodide AgI -80Silver(I) nitrate AgNO3 -45.7Silver(I) nitrite AgNO2 -42Silver(I) oxide Ag2O -134Silver(I) phosphate Ag3PO4 -120Silver(I) sulfate Ag2SO4 -92.90Silver(I) thiocyanate AgSCN -61.8Silver(II) oxide AgO -19.6Sodium Na +16Sodium acetate NaC2H3O2 -37.6Sodium bromate NaBrO3 -44.2Sodium bromide NaBr -41Sodium carbonate Na2CO3 -41Sodium chlorate NaClO3 -34.7Sodium chloride NaCl -30.2Sodium dichromate Na2Cr2O7 +55Sodium fluoride NaF -15.6Sodium hydrogen phosphate Na2HPO4 -56.6Sodium hydroxide (aq) NaOH -15.8Sodium iodate NaIO3 -53Sodium iodide NaI -57Sodium nitrate NaNO3 -25.6Sodium nitrite NaNO2 -14.5Sodium oxide Na2O -19.8Sodium peroxide Na2O2 -28.10Sodium sulfate Na2SO4 -52Sodium sulfate decahydrate Na2SO4·10H2O -184Sodium sulfide Na2S -39Sodium tetraborate Na2B4O7 -85Strontium Sr +92Strontium bromide SrBr2 -86.6Strontium bromide SrBr2·6H2O -160
hexahydrateStrontium carbonate SrCO3 -47Strontium chlorate Sr(ClO3)2 -73Strontium chloride SrCl2 -61.5Strontium chloride SrCl2·6H2O -145
hexahydrateStrontium chromate SrCrO4 -5.1Strontium fluoride SrF2 -37.2Strontium hydroxide Sr(OH)2 -40Strontium iodate Sr(IO3)2 -108Strontium iodide SrI2 -112Strontium nitrate Sr(NO3)2 -57.2
Name Formula χm/10-6 cm3 mol-1Name Formula χm/10-6 cm3 mol-1
MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE ELEMENTS AND INORGANIC COMPOUNDS (continued)
4-135
Strontium oxide SrO -35Strontium peroxide SrO2 -32.3Strontium sulfate SrSO4 -57.9Sulfur (rhombic) S -15.5Sulfur (monoclinic) S -14.9Sulfuric acid (l) H2SO4 -39Sulfur dioxide (g) SO2 -18.2Sulfur trioxide (l) SO3 -28.54Sulfur chloride (l) SSCl2 -62.2Sulfur dichloride (l) SCl2 -49.4Sulfur hexafluoride (g) SF6 -44Thionyl chloride (l) SOCl2 -44.3Tantalum Ta +154Tantalum(V) chloride TaCl5 +140Tantalum(V) oxide Ta2O5 -32Technetium Tc +115Tellurium Te -38Tellurium dibromide TeBr2 -106Tellurium dichloride TeCl2 -94Tellurium hexafluoride (g) TeF6 -66Terbium (α) Tb +170000Terbium oxide Tb2O3 +78340Thallium Tl -50Thallium(I) bromate TlBrO3 -75.9Thallium(I) bromide TlBr -63.9Thallium(I) carbonate Tl2CO3 -101.6Thallium(I) chlorate TlClO3 -65.5Thallium(I) chloride TlCl -57.8Thallium(I) chromate Tl2CrO4 -39.3Thallium(I) cyanide TlCN -49Thallium(I) fluoride TlF -44.4Thallium(I) iodate TlIO3 -86.8Thallium(I) iodide TlI -82.2Thallium(I) nitrate TlNO3 -56.5Thallium(I) nitrite TlNO2 -50.8Thallium(I) sulfate Tl2SO4 -112.6Thallium(I) sulfide Tl2S -88.8Thorium Th +97Thorium(IV) oxide ThO2 -16Thulium Tm +24700Thulium oxide Tm2O3 +51444Tin (gray) Sn -37.4Tin(II) chloride SnCl2 -69Tin(II) chloride dihydrate SnCl2·2H2O -91.4Tin(II) oxide SnO -19Tin(IV) bromide SnBr4 -149Tin(IV) chloride (l) SnCl4 -115Tin(IV) oxide SnO2 -41Titanium Ti +151Titanium(II) bromide TiBr2 +720Titanium(II) chloride TiCl2 +484Titanium(II) iodide TiI2 +1790Titanium(II) sulfide TiS +432Titanium(III) bromide TiBr3 +660Titanium(III) chloride TiCl3 +1110Titanium(III) fluoride TiF3 +1300Titanium(III) oxide Ti2O3 +132Titanium(IV) chloride TiCl4 -54Titanium(IV) oxide TiO2 +5.9
Tungsten W +53Tungsten carbide WC +10Tungsten(II) chloride WCl2 -25Tungsten(IV) oxide WO2 +57Tungsten(IV) sulfide WS2 +5850Tungsten(V) bromide WBr5 +270Tungsten(V) chloride WCl5 +387Tungsten(VI) chloride WCl6 -71Tungsten(VI) fluoride (g) WF6 -53Tungsten(VI) oxide WO3 -15.8Uranium U +409Uranium(III) bromide UBr3 +4740Uranium(III) chloride UCl3 +3460Uranium(III) hydride UH3 +6244Uranium(III) iodide UI3 +4460Uranium(IV) bromide UBr4 +3530Uranium(IV) chloride UCl4 +3680Uranium(IV) fluoride UF4 +3530Uranium(IV) oxide UO2 +2360Uranium(VI) fluoride UF6 +43Uranium(VI) oxide UO3 +128Vanadium V +285Vanadium(II) bromide VBr2 +3230Vanadium(II) chloride VCl2 +2410Vanadium(III) bromide VBr3 +2910Vanadium(III) chloride VCl3 +3030Vanadium(III) fluoride VF3 +2757Vanadium(III) oxide V2O3 +1976Vanadium(III) sulfide V2S3 +1560Vanadium(IV) chloride VCl4 +1215Vanadium(IV) oxide VO2 +99Vanadium(V) oxide V2O5 +128Water (s, 273 K) H2O -12.63Water (l, 293 K) H2O -12.96Water (l, 373 K) H2O -13.09Water (g, 373 K)) H2O -13.1Xenon (g) Xe -45.5Ytterbium (β) Yb +67Yttrium (α) Y +187.7Yttrium oxide Y2O3 +44.4Yttrium sulfide Y2S3 +100Zinc Zn -9.15Zinc carbonate ZnCO3 -34Zinc chloride ZnCl2 -55.33Zinc cyanide Zn(CN)2 -46Zinc fluoride ZnF2 -34.3Zinc hydroxide Zn(OH)2 -67Zinc iodide ZnI2 -108Zinc oxide ZnO -27.2Zinc phosphate Zn3(PO4)2 -141Zinc sulfate ZnSO4 -47.8Zinc sulfate monohydrate ZnSO4·H2O -63Zinc sulfate heptahydrate ZnSO4·7H2O -138Zinc sulfide ZnS -25Zirconium Zr +120Zirconium carbide ZrC -26Zirconium nitrate Zr(NO3)4·5H2O -77
pentahydrateZirconium(IV) oxide ZrO2 -13.8
Name Formula χm/10-6 cm3 mol-1 Name Formula χm/10-6 cm3 mol-1
MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE ELEMENTS AND INORGANIC COMPOUNDS (continued)
