A PORTABLE VACUUM CARRIER

Model V-2000 R

Just ONE of α COMPLETE LINE of PORTABLE SYSTEMS from PENN-CHEM.

For catalog and prices contact your laboratory supply dealer or write Dept. B-3.

• JJ . I .U4. IJ . .1J .U. I .1J .HI . I .1 232-38 N. MARSHALL STREET LANCASTER, PENNSYLVANIA

Cosmetic Grade

SPERMACETI (HYWAX-125)

Long shelf life.

Stable emulsions and creams.

Coupling action for many systems.

Flake form

suited for HAND and FACE CREAMS CLEANERS, DEODORANTS

SAVE 25% vs. U.S.P. Grade

WERNER G.

SMITH, INC.

1730 TRAIN AVENUE CLEVELAND 13. OHIO

LNG Facilities Planned for Peak Shaving Natural gas, liquefied and stored in ground, will be used to help meet peak demands for gas

First commercial use of liquid natural gas (LNG) to help handle peak de­mands for natural gas may begin dur­ing the winter of 1964-65. At that time, Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line expects to have in operation at Carl-stadt, N.J., its proposed plant and auxiliary facilities to liquefy, store in ground, and revaporize natural gas.

Transco has filed an application for a certificate of public convenience and necessity with the Federal Power Commission to build the facilities. Cost will be $11.8 million. Construc­tion is proposed to begin June 1.

Contractor for the plant and storage facilities is Constock-Pritchard Lique­faction Corp., Kansas City, Mo. Con-stock-Pritchard's predecessors have had a natural gas liquefaction plant at Lake Charles, La., since 1956, and op­erated the Methane Pioneer, the exper­imental tanker which carried LNG to England.

Transco's Carlstadt storage facility will be dug in the sand, silt, and clay overburden of the New Jersey meadow

and in the underlying shale. The earth overburden will be frozen and maintained in a similar way to that of an experimental frozen earth storage vessel built near the LNG plant at Lake Charles (C&EN, Oct. 23, 1961, page 34) .

Maximum level of LNG in the stor­age facility will be two feet below the meadow level. A positive pressure of 10 oz. per sq. in. over the LNG at —259° F. will keep air from entering the storage container and will prevent a combustible mixture from forming.

Other safety precautions include equipment for automatic temperature-triggered and remote manually con­trolled discharges of sodium bicarbon­ate into the storage container for fire control. Outside the container, three electrically operated, remote-con­trolled turret nozzles will be located to cover the container with sodium bi­carbonate, should it be needed.

Capacity. The in-ground storage container will hold the equivalent of 1 billion cu. ft. of natural gas meas^

System Stores LNG in Summer for Peak Winter Use

To gas company distribution system

ΐ = " > —

36-in. transcontinental main

i— 30-in. transcontinental main

Measuring station

X | Fuel gas |

In le t^ compressor

Measuring station

Ç) Boil-off compressor

Purification plant

Fô ^ Vent blower

• O r

Liquefaction p ,an t Flash"

drums Net product J

Vaporizers

In ground storage

44 C & E N M A R C H 4, 196 3

ured at 14.7 p.s.i.a. On liquefying, natural gas is reduced to 1 / 6 0 0 of its vapor volume; the billion cubic feet of gas becomes 12.5 million gal. (29,000 b b l ) , nearly filling the stor­age container, a cylinder about 165 ft. deep and 115 ft. in diameter.

For about 55 ft. of its depth, the container wall will be frozen earth. Initially, Transco expects that two months will be needed to make a frozen wall 10 ft. thick by using freeze pipes to carry refrigerants through the earth. Excavation of the container will take another two months. Engi­neers expect the frozen earth, after a year's operation, will extend 30 ft. from the inner edge of the container. Ultimately it may extend 40 ft.

On top of the earth around the con­tainer a concrete foundation or cap will be poured. The cap will help support a prestressed concrete wall extending above and below the level of the meadow. The wall will sup­port the container roof made of 9% nickel steel over a stainless steel liner and insulation.

Volume Differences. During a peak summer injection day only 5 mil­lion cu. ft. of gas will be liquefied. During a peak winter withdrawal day, 200 million cu. ft. of gas will be vapor­ized and put in Transco's pipelines for delivery to customers.

In summer operation, gas at a mini­mum pressure of 315 p.s.i.a. from Transco's main lines to New York will be measured and compressed to about 660 p.s.i.a. It will go through purifi­cation steps to remove inert gases and other components which become solid at LNG temperature. After lique­faction through a propane, ethylene, and methane cascade cycle, the LNG will be put into storage.

Natural gas which flashes during liquefaction and which boils off from storage will be passed through heat ex­changers of the liquefaction plant and will be additionally heated and com­pressed before being used for fuel in the plant or delivered to a customer. Compression of inlet, flash, and boil-off gas, refrigeration and initial pres­sure boosting of flash and boil-off will require more than 3000 hp.

In winter, submerged pumps in the storage container will deliver LNG to surface pumps. The LNG, in turn, will be pumped to a heater where it vaporizes and is heated to a minimum temperature of 50° F. It then will be measured and put in the main pipeline system at 415 p.s.i.a.

the new Kay-Fries catalog The latest technical information on the organic intermediates manu­factured by Kay-Fries Chemicals, Inc. Contains data on availabil­ity and properties of commercial as well as development products.

FILL OUT COUPON AND S E N D TODAY FOR YOUR COPY.

KAY-FRIES CHEMICALS. INC.. 360 Lexington Avenue

New York 17, N X Gentlemen :

Kindly send me a copy of your new Intermediates Catalog.

My Name

Title

Company

Address

City _ Zone. .State.

WAV. · FN IK

KAY-FRIES CHIMICALS, 1N0. 380 Lexington Ave. rJ New York 17, New York · TN 7-S533

M A R C H 4, 196 3 C & E N 45

announoma

Available from Eastman s new plant

MIAK methyl isoamyl ketone

In full or compartmented tankcars and tank trucks

or in full or mixed drum loads, MIAK and MIBK are now available from Eastman

along with acetone; ethyl alcohol; ethyl, isopropyl, n- and iso-butyl acetates—

in short, with just about any of the solvents

a cost-conscious lacquer formulator has to think about.

New Turbine Meters Measure Flow of Low-Viscosity Fluids Rockwell Mfg. is now offering a series of turbine meters for measuring the flow of low-viscosity fluids. Called the series L Turbo-Meters, six sizes are available for use in lines from 1 in. to 4 in. nominal diameter.

Turbine meters are finding increas­ing acceptance in continuous or inter­mittent blending, batching, and inven­tory control. Industrial turbine meters (1-in. size and larger) and their asso­ciated receiving instruments are likely to ring up sales of about $6 million in 1963, up from an estimated $4 million in 1962. By 1967, sales may hit $16 million.

The addition of the series L to its earlier series M Turbo-Meters permits Rockwell to offer a line of turbine-type meters in sizes from 1 in. to 16 in.

The Pittsburgh firm says its series L Turbo-Meters feature: digital output, rate and total flow readouts, constant signal output over the entire operating range of the meter, bidirectional flow, and repeatabilities of ±0 .05%, ac­curacies of ±0 .25% on recommended liquids.

The most significant design feature of the series L Turbo-Meter is the so-called liquid seal—a circumferential recess around the meter inwall into which the rotor blades protrude.

As the blades rotate, liquid trapped between the blade tips and the re­cessed surface moves around the recess in the direction of rotor rotation. This turbulent wall of liquid acts like a barrier, or seal, against liquid passage around the blade tips, according to the firm. The drag imposed on the rotor by liquids in the recess improves low-flow characteristics, Rockwell adds.

In rotating beneath a magnetic pick-off and trigger amplifier, each rotor blade induces an a.c. current of milli­volt strength. The pulse is amplified and shaped into a rectangular, 9-volt peak-to-peak wave. The strength of this signal minimizes stray count pick­up and loss of individual pulse readings. With the magnetic pick-off and the amplifier mounted directly on the meter, the unit's temperature range is - 2 0 ° to 200° F.

Rockwell has also developed a new line of solid-state, electronic instru­mentation. When used in combination with the meter, these components can perform simple control functions, record flow data, or control complete processes, the company says. Ε 30

46 C & E N M A R C H 4, 1 9 6 3

MIAK

Cereal Xanthates Tested In Premium Insulation Board Using cereal-zinc xanthates in pre­mium insulated board can increase board strength without increasing board weight, according to the Agri­cultural Research Service, U.S. De­partment of Agriculture. The xan­thates were derived from cereal grain with a method developed by USD A (C&EN, March 19, 1962, page 49) .

Improved insulation board strength was obtained by using as little as 10% of the cereal xanthate in experimental board, Dr. T. R. Naffziger of USDA's Northern Regional Research Labora­tory, Peoria, 111. told the 48th annual meeting of the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry in New York. In comparing boards of similar density, USDA finds that the cereal derivative gives the experimental board 1.5 to 2.5 times as much strength as commercial board normally has. Cross-linking of the xanthate in the presence of pulp causes high retention of this cereal derivative in the pulp product, imparts better characteristics to the insulation board, according to Dr. Naffziger.

The process for making the cereal xanthate is a two-step method. Starch, flour, ground wheat, or a similar grain product is reacted with carbon disul­fide and an alkali to produce the xan­thate. The xanthate is then reacted with zinc chloride to form the cereal-zinc xanthate.

Method for Coordinating Color Identification Described Coordinated color identifications for industry have been developed as a precise means for classifying and iden­tifying colors. Technical Note 152, National Bureau of Standards, de­scribes a method of coordinating the five levels of fineness of color desig­nation, developed by a subcommittee of the Inter-Society Color Council (ISCC). The report is available for 15 cents from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.

When a color is to be identified, preciseness required of the identifica­tion is the first consideration. Trial-and-error methods can be both time-consuming and costly. For some uses, a color name consisting of hue name or hue name and modifier is sufficient. Where maximum precision is needed,

Available from Eastman's new plant

MIBK methyl isobutyl ketone

SALES OFFICES: Eastman Chemical Products, Inc., Kingsport, Tennessee;

Atlanta; Boston; Buffalo; Chicago; Cincinnati; Cleveland; Dallas; Detroit;

Greensboro, N. C; Houston; New York City; Philadelphia; St. Louis.

Western Sales Representative: Wilson & Geo. Meyer & Company, San Francisco;

Los Angeles; Salt Lake City; Seattle.

M A R C H 4, 1963 C & E N 47

MIKK

CHEMICAL PODUCTS, INC. f**T2?X$:s& Ϊ'ΜΚΜ

r:::7::L^x;:.:...^/:L^^„M^uiii3iiifl Ή3ΙΠΠΓΜ3Μ£ΠΕΕΠΜ2ΧΠΜ&ΣΕΣΣΠ

Growth and c/eve/opmenBH

U N I T E D iSgfBgBgffiCTfgMgSl

created the need for a name which would more aptly describe the

services and philosophy , of our organization. J

That's why we are proud to announce that M

our new name is W U L T R A

CARBON C O R P O R A T I O N

Our principal products are carbon and graphite parts refined to

Ultra purity . . . machined to BÉtejL̂ -• Ultra tolerances . . . delivered wi th ^ ^ Μ ^ & ^ Λ , Ultra service. -rj^iÊÊÊÊ

ULTRA « Μ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ Μ ^ Μ ^ Μ Μ Β Β Γ Η Ι Ο Α Ν

HKH Π WRSini TV LOW in PRICE

NEW from GREINER

mnnn mmmrn mm

General purpose bath for laboratory use. 3-heat selector switch, fine precision setting. Operating range: ambient to 180°F.

Detachable control unit for easy installation in another bath—versatility feature not avail­able in competitive units.

Remarkably low price. You get well known Greiner quality—yet priced at about 50% less than competitive models of similar sen­sitivity!

Greiner Economy Bath, complete with heat· er, heat selection switch, thermoregulator and relay. 115V 50-60 cycle AC. Each $179.00

Write for bulletin.

GREINER > ~ V SCIENTIFIC V - 4 C O R P O R A T I O N I É É H

and PALO LABORATORY SUPPLIES, INC. 22 N. MOORE ST., Dept. 523, NEW YORK 13, Ν. Υ

48 C & E N M A R C H 4, 196 3

NEW EQUIPMENT

Live-bin belt feeder to provide accu­rate flow of dry material from storage to process has been developed by Vibra Screw Feeders, Inc., Clifton, N.J. The belt feeder consists of a continuously moving flat belt operating in conjunction with a vibrating bin and nozzle device. It offers an accu­rate and reliable method for removing difficult-to-handle materials, the com­pany says. Ε 3 1

the color is measured by instrument, and the result expressed numerically. NBS Technical Note 152 describes the coordinated series of five levels of fine­ness, is based on the ISCC-NBS method of designating colors. It lists the method for changing from one color level to another and gives ex­amples of the hue for each level.

Technical Note 152 also discusses color-name charts defining boundaries for 267 color-name blocks. Instruc­tions for determining these color-name blocks have been extended to apply not only to drugs and medicines but also to any powder, solid, liquid, or microscopic structure.

Sherritt Gordon Offers Five Pure Cobalt Powders Powder metallurgy could benefit from five closely sized grades of pure cobalt powder available from Sherritt Gordon Mines, Ltd., Toronto, Ont. Bearings, welding rods, magnets, and other pure or pre-alloyed powder metal products are expected to benefit.

The cobalt powders, designated Sherritt SF, have the appearance of pebbly surfaced spheroids. According to Sherritt, the irregular surface helps to develop increased green strength in compacting. Apparent density of the powders ranges from 2.0 grams per cc. to 3.6 grams per cc. Purity ranges from 99.9% for the coarser grades to 99.6% for the finer grades.

Each grade is closely sized to elimi­nate need for screening by the user, the company says. The five SF grades are: 50 X 100, 150 X 270, 200 X 325, 200, and 325. Two-figured des­ignations refer to top and bottom screen limits; single figures refer to upper screen limit only. The powders are available in lots of 1 to 2000 lb. Prices of lots of 500 lb. or more range from $1.70 to $2.85 per lb. C 1

Ceramic material has been introduced by General Electric Co., Schenectady, N.Y. Called Lucalox, the material is expected to find uses ranging from lamps to extrusion dies, and from elec­trical insulators to bearings for delicate instruments. According to GE, it is hard as sapphire, almost as translucent as frosted glass, and as heat-resistant as a refractory metal. Ε 32

Centrifugal, in-line pump has been de­veloped by Ingersoll-Rand Co., New York, N.Y. Called V-Line, the pump has no base plate or base mountings, is single-staged. The radially split pump is mounted directly in the pipeline on reinforced suction and discharge flanges. The pump is available in 1 to 3 in. discharge sizes, capacities to 725 gal. per min. E 33

Lightweight ultraviolet light source is offered by MED Electronics, Inc., Falls Church, Va. Designated Model 100 U.V. Flashlight, the instrument is said to be ideal for educational demon­strations, detection of fluorescent check dyes and powders, biological and min­eral studies, and textile, ink, and simi­lar product inspections. Τ wo-watt gaseous ultraviolet bulb is powered by standard flashlight batteries by means of a solid-state inverter, emits a mini­mum of visible light. Output is in 3100 to 3900 A. region. Ε 34

Further useful information on Chemical and Equipment items is readily available . . .

Use handy coupon on page 50

March 4, 1963

Readers' Information Service Use this handy sélf-mailer to obtain further information or literature. Simply mark the items desired, fill out the information requested, clip the coupon, fold, staple, and mail.

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ft CUSTOM

PRODUCTION

is our

. . . And has been from >( χ the inception of our

*" '*' company. As a result, we have successfully custom-produced such diverse products as tranquilizing drugs and rubber intermediates.

We have also acted as interim plant during change over or ex­pansion for some of the most re­spected companies in our industry.

Plenty of room (90 acres)—few neighbors—not near enough for us to bother them—our own rail­road siding—good labor.

Combine these advantages with the fact that we are small enough to move quickly, efficiently, and economically, and we are sure that you will find it profitable to discuss your problem with us — in confidence, of course.

MANUFACTURED BY

chemical corporation GREAT MEADOWS, N. J.

S01C SALES A6€*7S

'piafot coM inc.

355 LEXINGTON AVE, N£W YORK 17, Ν, Y, MURRAY HIU 2-2587

CABLE ADDRESS: PHARCHEM

M A R C H 4, 1 9 6 3 C & E N 49

BUSINESS

gamma

chemical