Leventakou. X - Τα εθνικά θέματα στο Β’ Παγκόσμιο Πόλεμο

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ΤΜΗΜΑ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΚΗΣ ΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΗΣ & ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ ΠΡΟΓΡΑΜΜΑ ΜΕΤΑΠΤΥΧΙΑΚΩΝ ΣΠΟΥΔΩΝ Από τη Μεγάλη Ιδέα στις εθνικές διεκδικήσεις Τα εθνικά θέματα στο ΒΠαγκόσμιο Πόλεμο Λεβεντάκου Χριστίνα Α.Μ: 1104M035 Αθήνα 2007

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Τα εθνικά θέματα στο Β’ Παγκόσμιο Πόλεμο

Transcript of Leventakou. X - Τα εθνικά θέματα στο Β’ Παγκόσμιο Πόλεμο

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  • ...................................................................................................................3.....................................................................................................4 : .................7 . (19191920)..................................................................................................................11............................................................................................11 : ;............................................................................................13.............16 ...........................................................................16 30 1918.............18..........................................................................................................................21.......................................................................................................22...................................................................................................................23.................................................................................................................28 : ......................30 : ......34 .................................34............................................................................42 .......................................45 ..............................................................................................................51...............................51........................................................................................................59.................................................................................................................66 ............................................................................73............................................................................................................73......................................................................................................75

  • 1 :...........................................................................76 : ;.............................................................................................................78.................................................................791946.................................................................94 46 ........................109:.......................................................................................................141;...........................................................141.............................................................................................................1443

  • , 1946. , 1919. 1919, , , 1940., , . . , , , ForeignOffice. . , . , ,.4

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    . 19

    .,, , , .1, ,. ,. 18302 . 1830 . 1864.

    19

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    (18301880),,1988,.269271.2 , , . . . , , ,,2004,passim.7

  • . 3,

    20

    19121913. . ,

    , 19

    ,19141918 . . . ,..

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    , . , , 43., , ...,1999,.5354.

  • 4..,,,1978,,,,1976DimitriKitsikis,PropagandeetPressionsenPolitiqueInternationale:LaGreceetsesrevendicationsalaConferencedelaPaix(19191920),Paris(P.U.F.)1963. , , . 85. , ,

    ,,1988, . 417. , . , . (). . Entente .To . . 1923 . . . , 1922 , . ,. 1940 .

  • . . .59

  • 19457 .6 1946.

    ..,1946.,,/ : ,,.34,2001. . , , ,., , . , 19451946, , . 6.10

  • 7HaroldNicolson,Peacemaking 1919,UniversityPaperbacks,London 1964, . 241.

    1919.81919.N.PetsalisDiomidis,GreeceattheParisPeaceConference,InstituteforBalkanStudies,Thessaloniki1978, .348349. , 19191920 ,.,.88.9. JoachimG. Joachim,EleftheriosVenizelosat theParisPeaceConference : triumphor

    disaster?,Thetis,ManncheimerBeitrgezurklassischenArchologieundGeschichteGriechenlandsundZyperns?,Band4,Manncheim1997.10

    ..Nicolson,,.HaroldNicolson,..,.247,251,268,271.

    .(19191920) 181919.7,,, ,,, (27/11/1919) (10/08/1920). .H , , ,:, , .8 , , , .9, , Lloyd George, Clemenceau, Wilson Orlando.1011

  • 11. . , ..., 1897 , ,1999,.2489.DimitriKitsikis,..,passim.12.DimitriKitsikis,..,passim.

    13.,

    ,,,2005,passim.14,..,.3447.

    , . , .11 .12, . 1919 . , .13, . LloydGeorge ForeignOffice .14 . .12

  • 15

    GreecebeforethePeaceCongressLaGrecedevantleCongressdelaPaix...,.,.,.251,.4. memorandum,LloydGeorge..JoachimG.Joachim,...PaulHelmreich,FromParis toSevres,ThePartition of theOttomanEmpire at thePeaceConference of19191920,OhioStateUniversityPress,1974,.3846N.PetsalisDiomidis,..,.73.16.N.PetsalisDiomidis,.., .63., ,

    ., , , . .17 JoachimG. Joachim, .., .251. .HaroldNicolson,O..,261281. :; 30 1918 , .15 17 1918 ForeignOffice,.16 , , 17. ,55% , 45% . ,memorandum , ,,. , 1878 13

  • 18

    , Helmreich , ..PaulC.Helmreich,O.,.40.19,

    , LloydGeorge..Dimitri Kitsikis, .., . 7778. , 1919 192832 .,, ,...24.20Helmreich,..,.8.111918, 14 , Wilson 4(fourprinciples).21. Alan Sharp, The genie that would not go back into the bottle, National self

    determinationand the legacyof theFirstWorldWarand thePeaceSettlementEuropeandEthnicity,WorldWarIandContemporaryEthnicConflict,editedbySeamusDunnandT.G.Fraser,Routledge,1996,.11.22 JoachimG. Joachim,..passim.

    12 14 Wilson : the nonTurkish nationalities of OttomanEmpire should be assured an undoubted security of life and an absolutely unmolestedopportunityofautonomousdevelopment. Wilson Lloyd George ., Wilson , , ,

    12 ...,,..,.1457..18 , Entente , .19,

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    14WoodrowWilson. 8 1918 Wilson .20,Wilson,

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  • 23N.PetsalisDiomidis,..,.135..,H.Nicolson,..,.255257.

    24N.PetsalisDiomidis,..,.136.25..,.,.250

    , . , ., 14Wilson. . , , 1917.3 4 1918.23 , ., ..24 .25 , . , . 15

  • 26.,19171918,

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    19121934,,.5960. . ,,.26 1914 , , .1913 . (), , .. . , . , . ,.27,, 16

  • 28 1919201940 . ,

    1919/201940,,,2005. . ProcopisPapastratis, Megali Idea and Mare Nostrum, Aspects of Greek and Italian Nationalism,,passim..M.Pipinelis,EuropeandtheAlbanianQuestion,Chicago,Argonaut1963.29.,19171918,..,.380

    381.30

    , ..., 19171918, .., .382. , .28. . , ,..29, , , . , , . . 1913 , . .301915,,

  • 17

  • 31

    . Helmreich, .., .510. 1915 1917. , ,.32 Venizelos, Greece, . 2. . Helmreich, .., .39. ,,..N.PetsalisDiomidis,..,.136.33.N.PetsalisDiomidis,..,.139H.Nicolson,..,.2612634.

    , . 19151917 , ,.1919.31

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  • 34N.PetsalisDiomidis,..,.139.

    35,.140.

    36DimitriKitsikis,..,.71.37.Nicolson,..,.228.2634.

    38 .

    .39H.Nicolson, .. , 265. Nicolson ..N.PetsalisDiomidis,..,.141. . , , .34 , , . , 2/3.35, , , .36 , . , .37, , .38 .,Castoldi

    191919

    .39 Castoldi,19

  • 40N.PetsalisDiomidis,..,.141.

    41.H.Nicolson, .., . 268273. Nicolson

    ,..Nicolson:IcanttellyouthepositionthatVenizeloshashere!HeandLeninaretheonlytworeallygreatmeninEurope.42.N.PetsalisDiomidis,..,.142

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  • 44.,19171918,

    ...,2000,.,.43145,.,,.8788.

    46.Nicolson,..,.266.Nicolson20

    .47ArnoldToynbee,

    19191920..JoachimG.Joachim,..48Helmreich,..,.3940.49.N.PetsalisDiomidis,..,.153172.256279.

    , .44, 730.822 . ,, , 1913.45 201919.46 ,., o Lloyd George Clemenceau , .47 .48 .49 Wilson . , 21

  • 50DimitriKitsikis,..,.4751.

    51..,..,.252,.6.

    52.N.PetsalisDiomidis,..,.251256DimitriKitsikis,..,.7374

    .53..,.51.

    54 1919

    Neuilly.N.PetsalisDiomidis,..,.280290.55. 30/12/1918.

    .6. . . Wilson .50 , ,, . . 1919 , .51

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    .52 , 10 12 . , .53 1919 . Neuilly 27/11/1919 .54 , , , .55 22

  • 56Venizelos,Greece..,..

    57Helmreich,..,.41.58 .

    , 1871 , , . .DimitriKitsikis,..,.32. .

    301918,.,.111.,Helmreich,..,.40. , . , . , , . , , . , , .56 .57 . .( ) , .58 , 23

  • 59..

    6012,Wilson:thenonTurkishnationalitiesofOttoman

    Empireshouldbeassuredanundoubtedsecurityof lifeandanabsolutelyunmolestedopportunityofautonomousdevelopment..JoachimG.Joachim,..61. . ,

    ,..,.146.62Venizelos,Greece,O..Helmreich,..,.40. . , ,818.22111.877.59 . . . . , 14

    Wilson.12

    .60 , Wilson , ,

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  • , . .63DimitriKitsikis, .., . 3335, .64.

    65N.PetsalisDiomidis,.., . 137 H.Nicolson,.., .2567.Nicolson , , (3/02/1919).66N.PetsalisDiomidis,..,.137.67

    . . , 19171918,.,.432466. , .63 , ,1914 . , , ., , .64 4 1919.65 , , (14Wilson) , , .66 .6725

  • 68,.,.435

    69.H.Nicolson,..,.26672745.

    . , .68 1914 ., , Entente,.,1917,, 19123. , ,. 21

    11919.69

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  • 70.H.Nicolson, .., . 266.

    .Nicolson Lybdyer Day , .,.226.228.71.,.,,.115.

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    21

    1919, Nicolson, .,,,. , .70

    121919

    .71 ., . 1919, , . . .72 1920 . 192327

  • 73Venizelos,Greece,.DimitriKitsikis,.,.3536.

    74.Nicolson,.,.228.

    75.N. Petsalis Diomidis, .., . 251256 Dimitri Kitsikis, ., . 7374.

    ., . , , , . Nicolson, , . , . . 1912 . ,.73. , .. , , .74 1919 . , . , ,

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    7., , , .76 Giolitti. . 1940, 1946.29

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    : 1923. .1923. 1.500.000 .,1923, , , 20. , ,.77,1923 .78 . 30

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    ,1999,.8283.80.,..,.395.

    81.

    . .. .79 . ,., , , . , , . , , , 1922 . , 20 .80.81, . ...1924.19256. 31

  • 82.

    ,,19251926,...,1982,.359.83. ,

    ,,1988,passim. 19301934 . , . 19301934 19191967, ,1977,.77118.84 Procopis Papastratis, Megali Idea and Mare Nostrum. Aspects of Greek and ItalianNationalism,.85.,..,.392.

    ...82 19281932. , . ,.1930.1929 30. , . , , .83 .84 85, , . ,1934. 1935 1936 . 32

  • .. . .33

  • 86. , 29/10/1940, , 29/10/1940, , 28/10/1940,

    ,29/101940,,29/10/1940.87,29/10/1940.

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    : 194041, 1946. .T .86 , .87 . . . . . Palairet, ., ,34

  • 88. . (), 19401944,

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    , . , ,6/11/1940 .90,8/11/1940.,

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    .88 . , , ,. , .89 , , , .90 1940 ,.911922. . OrmeSargent 14/12/1940 ,35

  • 92,..,.150.

    93,.150.

    94Ibid,.150.95..... , 19361941, , 1969, . 2, . 36 , .., . 167. F.O. , ,, .96,19361941,..,.389391.,

    ,, , . F.O, ,(). .92 , Sargent, , , , . SargentPalairet .93 , ForeignOffice, .94 .95 , .. ,.9636

  • 97 ,.., .151 ,

    ,.,,1950,.4,.550.559560.98.19401941,,1980,.

    5557.15 1941.Heywood , , ,.9919401941,..,.5557..,,

    ,..,.560561,18/01/1941Palairet. , .97 , , . 15/01/41 , , Palairet, WavellHeywood , . ,, .98 17,PalairetHeywood . , , Palairet 18/01/1941 . , , .99 , 37

  • 100

    51941.101Ibid102

    , ..,29/10/1940,30/10/1940,7/11/194017/11/1940. 1941 . (. ), .100Wilson . , .101 . . .102 , , . .38

  • 103 , 29/11/1940.

    . : , .,..,,,...104.,31/10/1940.

    105,31/10/1940.

    106,25/11/1940.

    107,25/03/1941.

    108...,,

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  • 109. 19401941, .., . 7578. ,

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    , . 123124. . [...] .112Ibid,.96107.11319401941,..,.124.

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  • 114..

    115 , 19411944, ,

    1949. .114 .115 .1941 .41

  • 116 20/04/1941

    .:, ,,..:;Liquidation . . ! , . . . . , . , , . . . . . .,,.19351944,,1979,.256.117.,

    1967 19191967, , 1977, . 199200. , ,, 1936. , . , . (,,.).118 .

    Procopis Papastratis, British Policy towards Greece during the SecondWorldWar 19411944,CambridgeUniversityPress1984,.3.119.,..,.179.

    21 1941 Palairet .18 , .116 , ,.117 ..118 .11942

  • 120,.181.

    121. , 19411944, ,

    1949,.82.122

    , 19411944, ,,1990,.,.2122.123,..,.182.

    124Ibid,.185. .120 Palairet.121 Eden, , . ,,Palairet , . , . , 1864.122Palairet , , . , .123ForeignOffice , , .124 , . 43

  • 125.,19411944,.,..,.23.

    126..,.28.

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    , , , , ,.125 , ,.126 . .44

  • 127.,19411944,..,.,.102110

    ,,,,1966,.240249.128ProcopisPapastratis,BritishPolicytowardsGreeceduringtheSecondWorldWar,..,.8 1941 , , . .127 : , , .128 , .. . . , , ., , ,45

  • 129,19411944,..,.,.103.

    130Ibid,.103.131

    . , 19411944,,1991,.196.132.,19411944,..,.,.104.

    .129 , , , , ,.130 .:,, . ,, , . . 19191920 ., , , . . .131 .132 . 46

  • 133

    .134 Ibid, . 104. 1919..1920.135,19411944,.,.104.

    136..,.105106.

    137..,.105106.

    133 .., 1919, .134 , . . , . .135 . 136. , , ,.137.,47

  • 138 , 19411944, .., . , . 106.

    ,..,1946.139.,19411944,..,.,.106.

    140.,..,.197,

    19411944,..,.,.103. . , . . , , . . , . , .138 , .139, . , . 19461946. .140 , .48

  • 141, 19411944,.., .,.106107

    ,..,.245.142,.106.

    143

    .1913 , . 1869 , .1913() . 1972 .144

    11/11/1940. . . . , 19361941, .., . ,13/11/1940.145

    ,. , 40 .. , . .141 19401941 . .142 143. , .144, . ,

  • . lobby .. .14549

  • ,(19461949),,1993.146,19411944,..,..,.107.

    147...,.107,..,.2456.

    148,19411944,..,.,.107.

    149,19411944,..,.,.108.

    .146 ., . , ,,194041.147 ., , .148 . , , . , .149 41 ,., . 40 41.50

  • 150.

    . . , 19411944, .., . , . 103. ,().151

    , 19411944, . , .., . 6566. : . .152

    Palairet ...88.153,..,.213.

    194041 . .150 , , . ... , .151 , .1521941 .153,51

  • 154. Elizabeth Barker, British Policy in South East Europe in the Second World War,

    Macmillan,London1976,.1734.155Ibid,.174.156

    , , .., . 177178 ,19411944,..,.372.157,:

    ,,,, , ,, . . , 19411944,.,..,.374.158,..,.240.

    159 Ibid, . 248. ,1941Eden.Eden , .,. ForeignOffice , .154 , Barker, .155, ForeignOffice . 41. 1941.156 BBC ,.157 ForeignOffice.. .158 25/11/1941 Eden. .159,Eden52

  • ,42,. , 9/03/1942,,.7(197879).160,.248.

    161,..,.2534.

    162.,..,.213.

    163. , 19411944, . , .., . 434

    ,..,.254. , 15/11/1941. .160, .23/12/1941,Eden,oOrmeSargent,:,.,, , .161 , . , .162 194041 . 30/12/1941 Dixon, Sargent, F.O..Dixon ,: , .163 , ,Dixon F.O., , .,ForeignOffice,53

  • 164,..,.256.

    165,19411944,..,.,.479490..,

    , ,,.13(2002),.80.166HaroldNicolson

    1919.Peacemaking1919,.. . ,19411944,.,..,.479480.167,..,.214.

    168.,19411944,.,.3.2430.

    ,()Dixon.1641942 , Francis Noel Baker Harold Nicolson , .165,Nicolson,,, .1661942SOE , .167 , SOEF.O.SOE ....12,Washington., Cordell Hull. , .168 memorandum 41. , . ,54

  • 169Ibid,.26.

    170.,,..,.358.

    171,19411944,.,.51.

    172,..,.49.

    , , , .169Hull, Roosevelt , .170 Foreign Office .. Washington Halifax . , 19 . Palairet . .Palairet,().,, , .171

    28

    . , .1721942 . 18/11/1942 Eden 55

  • 173,,..,.133.

    174.,19411944,.,..,.337338.

    175..,.387.

    176 , .., . 310 ,

    19411944,.,..,.397.177.,31/03/19424/01/1945,

    ,2003,.248252.255259,19391944,,..,1964,.213219. .173 , . , Eden,, . , Eden, ( ) .174 11 Eden, , .175 , . , (. )., , Eden ,,.176 , 42. , .177 , Moyne, , ,,56

  • 178,19391944,..

    179.,19411944,..,.,.382.

    180

    . 15/02/1942 ..181.StephenXydis,..,.2224.

    182

    .,,..,.,.6883.183,,..,.,.54.

    , .178 . 42 ., 16/12Eden. 171942 Eden , .179 , Eden 180 . 11 , 18 , ,.181 , .182 ,42,, 30/09/42 , ,.18357

  • 184.,..,Passim,..,.216217.

    185.,,..,.178.

    186,,,1945,.

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  • 187,19411944,..,.,.103.

    188 40

    , ...102.189.19401941,..,.96107.

    , 1919. 1941, .187 . , .1928. 19401941 . .188... .,Eden2241, , , , .189Eden ,59

  • 190.19401941,..,.9798.

    191Ibid.192 ,,

    ,,,1996,.21.19319401941,..,.9798.

    , .190 , , Eden, , .191 , . 1939 39.192 , , ., .,, .. ,, , ,, .193 Eden ,.60

  • 194.,..,.221.

    195,..,.252.

    196,.253.

    . . . 194041. , . .194 41 Eden.Stalin . Stalin Eden , .195 . Eden Stalin , Sargent.196 , , . , .PalairetEden, Stalin.,,61

  • 197,..,.258.

    198 F.O.

    ..,,..,.254.199..,.276.

    200NoelBakerNicolson

    1919.201. , , , 1946,

    passim.202

    .ProcopisPapastratis,BritishPolicytowardsGreeceduringtheSecondWorldWar,..,.5171..197 , Sargent, Dixon, F.O .19842ForeignOfficePalairet, Stalin .199,ForeignOffice AngloHellenicParliamentaryCommittee.2 Noel Baker Nicolson ., F.O., , .200 , , .201 F.O . 42 42.202 42 62

  • 203..179.

    204,,..,.5152.

    205 .SelimDeringil,TurkishForeignPolicyduring theSecond

    WorlsWar,CambridgeUniversityPress1989,.144,145147.206,,..,.23.

    207.,,..,.340.

    1942, . .,,. . Moyne , ,.203 .Foreign Office .204 Churchill 1943.205 , . , , ,, , .206 1/02/1943 Sargent. , ,F.O..207 , ,.63

  • 208. , .., . 320 ,

    , .., . 346 351. Law,.209,,.Selim

    Deringil, Turkish Foreign Policy during the SecondWorldWar,CambridgeUniversity Press,1989,.141149151.210.,,..,.3401.

    211 , .., . 326. . ,

    19411944, . B, .., . 588595, .13/03/1943 , Eden, ..,..,.,.626630.,RichardLaw .208 , Churchill ,. , .209 ,. F.O. . 2/02/1943,: Times . .210, Churchill .

    11943Eden

    .21164

  • 212,19411944,.,..,.6302.

    213..,.1,.101106.

    214Ibid,.1,.226.215,.1,.230.

    216.,19411944,..,.226.

    Eden., , ForeignOfficeEden,, . ,oEden, ., , ,, .212 43 .213ForeignOffice . 8 .21416Washington Hull, , .215 ,ForeignOffice . , ,, , , ,21665

  • 217,..,.447.

    218Ibid,.459. 27 , , Leeper , . , .217 43 Leeper , , . , Leeper , , .218 1943 . ., . , 1947. , 1919. , 1878 66219.19401941,..,.124.

    .,1941,,,.1941Eden ..,:

  • , , . , , .219 , 19401 , ,.,Eden . , . Eden, ForeignOffice , . , ,67

  • 22019401,..,.124.

    221..4041

    .222,,..,.96.

    , .220 41 ., , Palairet .221 . 1941 . 1915 1920, . , , F.O.1941,Cadogan,, .222.15/11/1941. :68

  • 223. Frank Weber, ,

    ,,1983,.165.224,..,.248.

    225Ibid,.248.,. . : , , , , , , , , .223 . Eden, o ,.224 .Eden. , . , .Eden .225 41Sargent ForeignOffice Stalin Eden

    25Eden.

    , , 41 . , F.O. 30Dixon69

  • 226,..,.254.

    227,19411944,.,..,.479480.

    228 .

    Burse . .,,.,..,.53. .22642NoelBakerNicolsonAngloHellenicParliamentaryCommittee .227 , . Noel Baker ,, .Nicolson,,. , .1942, ... CordellHull, .., . . WashingtonHalifax,, . ForeignOffice., ,,: , .22870

  • 229Eden.

    ,19411944,..,.218219,,..,.248257.230.,,..,.264266.

    231Ibid,.265..,,.,.94.232

    . .,,..,.3467. 1942. , . ForeignOffice. Eden, .229Eden23. Eden , .230 Moyne,Eden .231 Churchill.,43 , .232 ,71

  • 233..12.

    234

    , ., .

    20

    . ,,1919 233, 1946 .23472235

    ., ,..7,10/09/1943. . : 1) ,. ., ForeignOffice. 1944, o , . 1943,,

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  • 239,18/10/44.

    240,17/10/44.

    241.,14/11/44.

    .239 . , , , .240, , .241 44 . , . . . , , , 75

  • , . . , , . . , .1 :.50%22%7%2%2%7%10%/76

  • 242..142

    .243 1939,

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    .,, , ,. , , , , . , , . . , , . .., 40, .242 .243 , .,.244 . 19451946.,1949. ,, . 77245

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  • 246

    :, ..,,,1945.247

    . . , 36 49,,,,,2003,.4452.248.,,(..),1946.

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  • 249

    211944,..,21/11/44.250

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    , 44 ..,27/09/44.,!258

    . .. , , (..), 1945. , . .255 , ,.256 , Wilson, . , , . . , .257 , .. , , .258 , . , , , 81

  • 259. , ;,

    ,1946.260..,.201

    261. ,

    ,,1/10/1944262.,,

    ,1945,.184.263.,,(.),1945,.

    . ,,,1/10/1944,.21. , ., , 259. ,,,, .260 , .261 :...,, , , ,,,,,.262 , , , . . .263 ,82

  • 264.,,(.),

    1945..,..,.359.265,..,.201.

    266,,

    5 1946, .267Ibid,.36. . , .. .264 . , , , .265 , , 51946,.266 , , ,, , , , .267 83

  • 268..,.810.

    269. , :

    ,.,1946.270.,..,.359.

    271.,..,.233,..,.710.

    272

    ,, . 1878 ,., Pavlowitch, 70% . 1885 , . ,. . . ,,,1945, , 18851886,,1963 .268 , .269 .270 , , , .271, , , , , ( ), . , ,

    19,

    .27284

  • ,,1959..,StefanPavlowitch,AHistoryoftheBalkans18041945,Longman,NewYork1999.273

    ,,1945, o , ,1946.274.,/,.13,.1.

    1, . .273, .. . 2 1946 .. .274 , . , . , , (),85

  • 275,/,.13,.1.

    276Ibid277

    . , ,(..),1945.278..,.2425.

    ( ), .275 , , , , ,,.276 , .277.:, , . , , . . . , , .278 . , , . . 1941 . . .86

  • 279,..,Passim.

    280,..,.18.

    281,..,.8.

    282Ibid,.4950.283 , :

    , , 1945. .,..,.360,.4. . , , , .279 , . , . . .280 , , ,.281 , , .282 . , .283 .87

  • 284,,(..),1946.

    285Ibid,.1011.286

    , ..,..,.11.,:[...]..,..,.49.287

    , ;, ,1946. .284, , , ,homomeditteraneushomobalcanicus.,, , , . ,, .285 , .286 ,

    .287

    . (Lebensraum) . , , (88

  • 288,..,.22.

    289.,..,.12.

    290.,..,.184.

    291.,..,.361.

    ), .288 .,., .289 ,. . ,,, .290, ,, , ,., ., .291 . , 89

  • 292.,..,.25.

    293. ,

    ,19221967,,2006,.178..1943. , . , , . . , , .292 . , ,.293, , , . . . ,193590

  • 294 6 1935

    ..,,.4,1975,.2967, 19361949, , , ,2003,.5372.295,..,.59.

    296

    ...,.59,,, .,.4,1943297

    . , , (..),1946,.24.298..,.2526.

    299.,,.6,1987,.1618,

    2/06/1945. ,1945.294 , , 1945, , .295 , 1943, .296,,.297, . , , .298 45, ,

    .11945,

    . , ., , .,,.299Elizabeth91

  • ..BasilKondis,GreekNationalClaimsat theParisPeaceConferenceof1946,BalkanStudies,vol.32,part2,1990,.316,.38.,..,.5960.300ElizabethBarker, 19411947,,1982,.51.301,5/06/1945.

    302,3/03/45.

    303,12/06/45.

    304,16/06/1945.

    Barker, 1946,, ,.300 45 .301 , ,. . : , , .30231 45, , 10 , .303 16 45 . .304

    12252745

    . , , ,92

  • 305,30/06/1945.

    306.,..,.60.

    307,,.6,1987,.4041.

    308. ,

    ,34,2001,.208. .305 19431946 ., .306 29 45,Cavalcade,, . , , .307. . 19456, . , , , . , .30893

  • 309Stephen Xydis, Greece and the Great Powers 19441947, Institute for Balkan Studies,

    Thessaloniki 1963, . 96 Basil Kondis, Greek National Claims at the Paris PeaceConferenceof1946,BalkanStudies,vol.32,part2,.314310.StephenXydis,..,.

    99. . ,24/03/1945.31161945.B.Xydis,..

    194619451946 . ,. 1945.,1945.309 , , , . ,.310 45 , .311 . 20 , , 94

  • 312StephenXydis,..,.99.

    313,22/06/1945.

    314,30/06/1945

    315.BasilKondis,..,.314.

    316,4/07/1945

    317,5/07/1945

    318,.

    ,..,1958,.429..312,

    22

    ,.313 ,, , , .314 19451946 , . .315 , . 45 .316, . , .317 6 , ,.318 1941, ,95

  • 319

    , .. . , S. PhocasCosmetatos,LaGrecedevantlaConferencedelaPaix,Paris1945,.2930, .320.StephenXydis,..,.100.

    , , .319 13 1945 ., . . . . , . , .320 , ., , , . , . . , , ,,, , . , 96

  • 321,1314/07/1945.

    322, 14/07/1945.

    . ,.323

    , 45 . , 18/07/1945 . .,,18/07/1945,18/07/1945.324.,19451949.

    19401950.,,2006,.353..,.13 14 , .,

    .321,14,

    , , , .322 .323 , , , , ,1945.324, 17/072/08/1945. 17 .Truman , , . ,Stalin Churchill . , , 97

  • 325StephenXydis,..,.110111.

    326Ibid,.110.327 Iatrides, J. Ambassador MacVeagh Reports. Greece, 19331947, New Jersey, PrincetonUniversityPress,1972.328,21/07/1945.

    329Ibid.330StephenXydis,..,.113..325 20 , ,,, . , .326 , MacVeagh Grew19 , , .327

    21Stalin

    Churchill. News Chronicle. .328 ,., 1939.329, ,,,.23Churchill .330 , , . ,98

  • 331,.113.

    332,5/08/1945.

    333.,7/08/1945. ,

    , .334,16/08/1945.

    335StephenXydis,..,.122.336StephenXydis,..,.122.337..,.124125.

    338,.124.

    ,.331 ,5, .332 , .333

    16

    .334 20, , .335 , 13.336,, .337 , , . . , .33899

  • 339

    ..,..,.56., ., , , .340StephenXydis,..,.125.341..,.125.

    342StephenXydis,..,.125.343,

    ,,...,.125. .339 .340, statusquo,., , . . , .341 , , .. .342,, . ,, ,.343 , , .,100

  • 344,22/08/1945.

    345

    12 45.,, . 45 , . , . ., 31/08/1945 Ole Smith, 19451949,,1992,.165183.346 Basil Kondis, .., . 314. . 8 Bevin 13 Byrnes.Molotov..StephenXydis,..,.130., 45 ,. Bevin. ,. ,

    22

    .344 ,345 45, .,1945., . , 45 , , ,

  • .346,101

  • ,.,,.,..,.3338.347Kondis,.314.348

    . . , . . . 45.19 .., ..,1946.19401950.,.,,2006,.308.349StephenXydis,.131.350,21/09/1945.

    , , .347Molotov , ,,

    .19

    .20 Byrnes, Bevin Bidault ,,, .348 , , ,.349 , .350

    7 , 1

    . , 45102

  • 351,,.6,1987,.8385.

    352Ibid,.84.353.,..,.8485,3/10/1945.

    354

    9/1121/12/1945..StephenXydis,..,.141143.355

    . 1917 ,. 1943. ..356.,

    ,14/11/1945./,.10(.3),/.

    7

    , ., .351,., , . , .352 , , ,.353 45 .354 14 , 355, .356 , ., ., 103

  • 357 , 2/12 ,

    . / , .. .. , , (..), 1951, . 320332. , . . . , ,(..),1945.358StephenXydis,..,.141.359/,.10(.3),/.

    360..

    361Ibid.362

    ,,.357 , .358 .359 24/01/1946. , 1945. , 1945 . 45. . : , , , .360 , .361 . , .362

  • 104

  • . ./,.10(.3),/.363Ibid.364

    , , . .. . , , . . ., , , . , , . 90.000.800.000. , . , .363 14.000 . 430.000 . ..364 , . . . , ,105365./,.10(.3),1945./.

  • ,500.000. , . , , , 3.500 . 70.000 .365 , , , . , . 19401. , , ,,, , . , . , . . () . 106

  • 366

    ../,.10 (. 3), / . 20 45, ., , , ...97.367,17/11/1945.

    368 . ,

    ,,19461967,,2001,.59.369,23/11/1945.

    , , . . , .366 17 45 . . , . , , .... , . ,, . ....367 22 45,368 , .369 .107

  • 370,29/11/1945.

    371,12/12/1945.

    372,5/12/1945..,,

    ,1985,.6572137174.,,1970,.364.373,.6,.

    374..

    375,.6,.

    .37011/12/1945.371 31 1946, 1948.372151945, , .373 . . , .374 , . . ., . , 41 :, .375108

  • 376,19/12/1945.

    377.OleSmith,:,,..122,31/03/1979,.

    3036. , ,(19451963),,1992,.256,.51. , , ,. . ..,1/04/1946. 45 . , , , .37646 1946 40. ., ,

    2

    46.377, . . 46,. . .., 46 109

  • 378 .. .

    ,,1946195219401950,,..,.487527.379

    . , (19441947), ., , 1998, . 179 290. , 4545.380

    . , , (19451963),,1992..,,22/01/1946.381StephenXydis,..,.164167.382,22/01/1946,,.6,,

    1987,.168171.383

    , 24/01/1946. . : , , ... : ,.....378.

    311946

    , .379 20 4614.380 .. 21 46. , ., , .381 .. ,., , !.382 , .383 ,

  • 110

  • 384..,24/01/1946.

    385

    2 , Ole Smith. .OleSmith, 19451949, , 1992, . 172. . , . , :1946.,2006.386.,12/02/1946.

    387.,..,.61.

    388,8/02/1946.

    389,19/03/1946.

    . , , ., .., , , .384 46 .385 .386 , ( )387 . 8 , , .388 , .389 111

  • 390,10/03/1946,,11/03/1946.

    391. , , . 6, , 1987, . 172184

    ,17/02/1946.. 19467 . , , , 194647,,,2005.392.HeinzRichter,

    194549,L.Baerentzen,. OleSmith,,1992,.185194.,19451949,1940, , . , , 1984, . 341382,

    2/(19471949).393.,,1978,

    .199. .390

    2 1215

    1946 .391 .392,311946, . . . . , 46 , .393 . 112

  • 394.,.11(.1),/..

    395..

    396,.11(.1),/..

    397..98.340.

    398 45

    ...9698.399

    ,.,.., . , 2000, . 126. .,..,.2425. , .1646,

    31

    1946.394 . . , .395 , , . , , : . [...] . .396 , .397 , , 398, . , (. ) .399,,,,.113

  • 400,.11(.1),/..

    401. , 24/03/1946 , 25/03/1946. .

    ,,..,.69.402.,1/04/1946.

    403,.11(.1),/..

    , ,

    31,.400

    , .401 , . , .402

    31

    .,. .403 . , , . , . ,,,,,,,. (55,16%/ 260), , . , (19,68%/68 ).114

  • 404 , ,

    19451963, .., . 249. 46 ,Ibid.405..

    ., . , ....,,.,1994,.105109.,,

    31 , , 4 ... .,.,..,.120.406,.11(.1),/..

    407.. ,

    ,.408.,,16/04/1946,23/05/1946.

    409,.11 (.1),/..

    . , ,,.34,2001,.201,.26.410,9/05/1946.

    411,8/05/1946.

    (14,39%/48),(5,96%/20).404 18 1946 .4053,,

    31.406,

    , .407, 46. . .408, .409

    .4108 46

    ,

  • .411115

  • 412,5/05/1946.

    413.

    414,18/06/1946.

    415,16/05/1946.,.

    11(.1),/..416Ibid.417,17/05/1946.,.

    11(.1),/.. 5 46 .412 , , , , .413 . 1746.414 ,

    31

    . 16, 17 18. 16 , .415..,., .416

    17

    .417 116

  • 418.StephenXydis,..,.196.

    419,18/05/1946.,.

    11(.1),/..420

    ., , .421,18/05/1946.,.

    11(.1),/..422

    .

    . 31..,..,.69.423,22/05/1946.,.

    11(.1),/.. .418 , , , , . . , .419 .420 , .421, , 22 23 . 22 . 422, .423 , 117

  • 424,22/05/1946.,.

    11(.1),/..425

    . . 6 , 4 ...,..,.69.426,23/05/1946.,.

    11(.1),/..427.

    .424, 46 ,. . .425

    23

    : , , . .426 , ,, .

    23 .

    ,, .42746, , 25, 8 . , 118

  • 428. , 16/06/1946, /

    .,.11(.1),/..429,6/06/1946.

    430 . ,

    19401950,,..,.383398.431,18/06/1946.

    432, 19/06/1946. . 8 ,

    . !., . 46 , , , , . , , .4286 .429, . . 46

    .430 18

    , .431

    19,

    .432119

  • 433

    .StephenXydis,..,.231256.434.,30/06/1946,,1/07/1946.

    . . . , . ,

    BidaultByrnes1,

    Bevin, Molotov 4 .433 , , , , . ., Bevin , . , , .434 14 , , Sunday imes 120

  • 435,.13(.1),/.

    436Ibid.437,.13(.1),/.

    438,.13(.1),/.

    439

    . . StephenXydis,..,.270. .435 . 19 , .436 .,

    29.437,

    35. .20, .438 . , .439 , , . , , , . , . ,121

  • 440,,

    .13(.1),/.441,21/07/1946.

    442,.13(.1),/.

    443 Ibid. . StephenXydis,.., .271, . , 14

    .44021

    .441 , , , .442 Samuel Reber .443 Reber , , . , . , .. . ,

    .27,

    , . 122

  • 444.,,.11 (.

    1),/,27/07/1946.445,28/07/1946.

    446,31/07/1946.

    447.StephenXydis,..,.272.

    , ,,, , . . , , , . , , .444 ,, .445 .31 , .446, , . ,.447123

  • 448

    , . , : . , . , ., . , . , . , . . :.,.,... . . . ,.13(.1),/.449.,1/08/1946

    StephenXydis,..,.272.450.StephenXydis,..,.272.

    , . . . , 448 , , ,.449., Byrnes Atlee.450 . Byrnes, Atlee . .., . 3 . : ,124

  • 451,4/08/1946.

    452.BasilKondis,..,.320.

    45313Epoque,

    . . , . 13 (.1), /.454.,10/08/1946.

    455,.16(.1),/.

    , .451 , 700.000.000 .452, , , . .453 , .454 8 , , , EdvardKardelj . , .Kardelj , .455 , . 125

  • 456 40 .

    ,40,,1999.4571951.

    458,.16(.1),/.

    . Kardelj , . ,, . .Kardelj , .. . . . , .456 . 46,, 9 457 . . . , , .458126

  • 459.StephenXydis,..,.280.

    460.,13/08/1946.

    461,13/08/194615/08/1946.

    , , Vyshinsky , .459 , . 42., 12 , .460 , .461 , , ,,.,, . 14 .KulishevGeorgieff.Kulishev. . ,Kulishev,127

  • 462 .

    ,;,..,,..463. , . 13 (. 1), /

    ,15/08/1946.464.StephenXydis,..,.281.

    465Ibid..462 , Kulishev , . , .46314 DimitriManuilsky, 1/10 1/3 .Manuilsky . Byrnes, . Byrnes , , .464Molotov, , .,, , , , .465 ,. . 17 128

  • 466,17/08/1946.

    467,17/08/1946.

    468,17/08/1946

    469,21/08/1946.

    .466,. , , .,,.467Molotov

    . 17

    , .468 . ., .20, .

    .469 21

    .

    22,

    , 129

  • 470Ibid,22/08/1946.

    47122.,

    .13(.1),/.472.,.13(.1),/.

    473,.13(.1),/.

    .470 .471 40 .472, . ,

    28.,

    . .,. . 23 , , .Matin,,.473Monde , / . Le Pays , . Figaro . L aube : 21: . Mauilsky . , Laurore130

  • 474,24/08/1946.

    475,24/08/1946.

    476Ibid.477,24/08/1946.

    478.,25/08/1946.

    . Humanite 21 Manuilsky . 24 . , , .474 . , ,.475 , , :.,,,;.476 Manuilsky , .477 , ,17 . , 25 ..,, .478 131

  • 479

    . , . 13 (. 1), /.480,,

    (),...,27/08/1946. .. . , , 19461952 19401950,,,1984., . , . .479 25 Daily Mail Manuilsky, .Figaro, , . Matin .Epoque . Humanite .LeMonde .. 29/820/9.480 , , . , , .5132

  • 481,6/09/1946.

    .StephenXydis,..,.335346.482StephenXydis,..,.345.483,10/09/1946.

    . , , .481 Sir Alexander Cadogan . , , 46.482 Johnson, 9 . .,

    1,Cadogan,

    Johnson , , . , , . . 1011, , . . 10 , o .483 133

  • 484Ibid.

    485.,31/08/1946.

    486,.13(.1),/.

    .

    12

    . , .484. 30 .485 , .MolotovPijade.,,, . 1272,..Epoque

    25.,

    , Molotov.486MatinMolotov .FranceLibre , .,.134

  • 487.StephenXydis,..,.319.

    488,4/09/1946.

    489. , 5/09/1946, ,

    StephenXydis,..,.323326.490,7/09/1946.

    , , Byrnes , .487, , .

    , 3

    .488 . 3 7 . Kolarov . ,. .489 , , . , .490, , , , .,135

  • 491StephenXydis,.326.

    492 7

    .B.Xydis,.366.493., 8/09/1946.,

    .494.,17/09/1946.

    495,28/09/1946 Xydis, .371.

    ,, . DimitriS.Constantopoulos,TheParisPeaceConferenceof1946and theGreekBulgarianRelations, ,1956.496

    23 , . , . .,23241946.52. , , 21 Plovdiv (), .4917 , .492, , , .493 Bevin 9 Byrnes13.16

    7

    .494 , 28 . , , , .495

  • .496136497

    .,27/09/1946. . . . Xydis, .369., , ..,1/10/1946. , . 26 ,, , ., , , , , 21, , . . , , , .497 46, .

    1

    .

    1,

    statusquo . ,..,.498498.,2/10/1946.137

  • , ,

    . 2

    . , .499 4,,,, . , Byrnes, .500 11, , , , , Cannon, .501 : , . , Cannon, . , , , , , ., Cannon , .,, , ,.502499,3/10/1946. , . .. ., ;, ,,1946.500,.13(.1),/..,

    ,8/10/1946,8/10/1946.501,.13(.1),/.

    502,.13(.1),/.

    138

  • , 15 . , 3 46

    .503 , 4

    1946 , . , , ,,,.504 ..,, .505 . , . , , 25, , ..506,,, , . , , . , . ,.,503.,4/12/1946.

    504Ibid.505,.13(.1),/.

    506..,

    18/10/1946,,.13(.1),/.139

  • . , , ,.1946, . , ,1919., , 1946 , . . ,. , .140

  • :;507 . 20 1946 , ,.508 , , . . 1945, . , 46 .509 .510 ,507

    07,&.508,20/09/1946.

    509. , ,

    19461952,..,.487527.510SusannahVerney,TheGreekAssociationwith theEuropeanCommunity:a strategyofstate AntonioCostaPinto NunoSeverianoTeixeira (ed.),SouthernEurope and theMakingofEuropeanUnion,19451980s,ColumbiaUniversityPress,NewYork2002,.109156.141

  • , .. , . , 47 , . ...511 ., , 1947, , .512 , . 1948....,513 . , . , 40 , 511

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    ,19451946

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    1..,,(.),1948.2. ,

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    198210.WeberFrank,,

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    152