Προσέγγιση για τα Συναισθήματα στο Νηπιαγωγείο: Θυμός και Ηρεμία
Leventakou. X - Τα εθνικά θέματα στο Β’ Παγκόσμιο Πόλεμο
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Transcript of Leventakou. X - Τα εθνικά θέματα στο Β’ Παγκόσμιο Πόλεμο
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.:1104M0352007
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,(19162005)2
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...................................................................................................................3.....................................................................................................4 : .................7 . (19191920)..................................................................................................................11............................................................................................11 : ;............................................................................................13.............16 ...........................................................................16 30 1918.............18..........................................................................................................................21.......................................................................................................22...................................................................................................................23.................................................................................................................28 : ......................30 : ......34 .................................34............................................................................42 .......................................45 ..............................................................................................................51...............................51........................................................................................................59.................................................................................................................66 ............................................................................73............................................................................................................73......................................................................................................75
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(18301880),,1988,.269271.2 , , . . . , , ,,2004,passim.7
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4..,,,1978,,,,1976DimitriKitsikis,PropagandeetPressionsenPolitiqueInternationale:LaGreceetsesrevendicationsalaConferencedelaPaix(19191920),Paris(P.U.F.)1963. , , . 85. , ,
,,1988, . 417. , . , . (). . Entente .To . . 1923 . . . , 1922 , . ,. 1940 .
-
. . .59
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19457 .6 1946.
..,1946.,,/ : ,,.34,2001. . , , ,., , . , 19451946, , . 6.10
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7HaroldNicolson,Peacemaking 1919,UniversityPaperbacks,London 1964, . 241.
1919.81919.N.PetsalisDiomidis,GreeceattheParisPeaceConference,InstituteforBalkanStudies,Thessaloniki1978, .348349. , 19191920 ,.,.88.9. JoachimG. Joachim,EleftheriosVenizelosat theParisPeaceConference : triumphor
disaster?,Thetis,ManncheimerBeitrgezurklassischenArchologieundGeschichteGriechenlandsundZyperns?,Band4,Manncheim1997.10
..Nicolson,,.HaroldNicolson,..,.247,251,268,271.
.(19191920) 181919.7,,, ,,, (27/11/1919) (10/08/1920). .H , , ,:, , .8 , , , .9, , Lloyd George, Clemenceau, Wilson Orlando.1011
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11. . , ..., 1897 , ,1999,.2489.DimitriKitsikis,..,passim.12.DimitriKitsikis,..,passim.
13.,
,,,2005,passim.14,..,.3447.
, . , .11 .12, . 1919 . , .13, . LloydGeorge ForeignOffice .14 . .12
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15
GreecebeforethePeaceCongressLaGrecedevantleCongressdelaPaix...,.,.,.251,.4. memorandum,LloydGeorge..JoachimG.Joachim,...PaulHelmreich,FromParis toSevres,ThePartition of theOttomanEmpire at thePeaceConference of19191920,OhioStateUniversityPress,1974,.3846N.PetsalisDiomidis,..,.73.16.N.PetsalisDiomidis,.., .63., ,
., , , . .17 JoachimG. Joachim, .., .251. .HaroldNicolson,O..,261281. :; 30 1918 , .15 17 1918 ForeignOffice,.16 , , 17. ,55% , 45% . ,memorandum , ,,. , 1878 13
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, Helmreich , ..PaulC.Helmreich,O.,.40.19,
, LloydGeorge..Dimitri Kitsikis, .., . 7778. , 1919 192832 .,, ,...24.20Helmreich,..,.8.111918, 14 , Wilson 4(fourprinciples).21. Alan Sharp, The genie that would not go back into the bottle, National self
determinationand the legacyof theFirstWorldWarand thePeaceSettlementEuropeandEthnicity,WorldWarIandContemporaryEthnicConflict,editedbySeamusDunnandT.G.Fraser,Routledge,1996,.11.22 JoachimG. Joachim,..passim.
12 14 Wilson : the nonTurkish nationalities of OttomanEmpire should be assured an undoubted security of life and an absolutely unmolestedopportunityofautonomousdevelopment. Wilson Lloyd George ., Wilson , , ,
12 ...,,..,.1457..18 , Entente , .19,
12
14WoodrowWilson. 8 1918 Wilson .20,Wilson,
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,,
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23N.PetsalisDiomidis,..,.135..,H.Nicolson,..,.255257.
24N.PetsalisDiomidis,..,.136.25..,.,.250
, . , ., 14Wilson. . , , 1917.3 4 1918.23 , ., ..24 .25 , . , . 15
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26.,19171918,
...,2000,.,.4378.27..,
19121934,,.5960. . ,,.26 1914 , , .1913 . (), , .. . , . , . ,.27,, 16
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28 1919201940 . ,
1919/201940,,,2005. . ProcopisPapastratis, Megali Idea and Mare Nostrum, Aspects of Greek and Italian Nationalism,,passim..M.Pipinelis,EuropeandtheAlbanianQuestion,Chicago,Argonaut1963.29.,19171918,..,.380
381.30
, ..., 19171918, .., .382. , .28. . , ,..29, , , . , , . . 1913 , . .301915,,
-
17
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31
. Helmreich, .., .510. 1915 1917. , ,.32 Venizelos, Greece, . 2. . Helmreich, .., .39. ,,..N.PetsalisDiomidis,..,.136.33.N.PetsalisDiomidis,..,.139H.Nicolson,..,.2612634.
, . 19151917 , ,.1919.31
301918
. , 200.000,120.000. , , , . , Wilson .32 .33 ,18
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34N.PetsalisDiomidis,..,.139.
35,.140.
36DimitriKitsikis,..,.71.37.Nicolson,..,.228.2634.
38 .
.39H.Nicolson, .. , 265. Nicolson ..N.PetsalisDiomidis,..,.141. . , , .34 , , . , 2/3.35, , , .36 , . , .37, , .38 .,Castoldi
191919
.39 Castoldi,19
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40N.PetsalisDiomidis,..,.141.
41.H.Nicolson, .., . 268273. Nicolson
,..Nicolson:IcanttellyouthepositionthatVenizeloshashere!HeandLeninaretheonlytworeallygreatmeninEurope.42.N.PetsalisDiomidis,..,.142
H.Nicolson,..,.268272.43,.,,.8788.
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44.,19171918,
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46.Nicolson,..,.266.Nicolson20
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19191920..JoachimG.Joachim,..48Helmreich,..,.3940.49.N.PetsalisDiomidis,..,.153172.256279.
, .44, 730.822 . ,, , 1913.45 201919.46 ,., o Lloyd George Clemenceau , .47 .48 .49 Wilson . , 21
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50DimitriKitsikis,..,.4751.
51..,..,.252,.6.
52.N.PetsalisDiomidis,..,.251256DimitriKitsikis,..,.7374
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54 1919
Neuilly.N.PetsalisDiomidis,..,.280290.55. 30/12/1918.
.6. . . Wilson .50 , ,, . . 1919 , .51
1
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56Venizelos,Greece..,..
57Helmreich,..,.41.58 .
, 1871 , , . .DimitriKitsikis,..,.32. .
301918,.,.111.,Helmreich,..,.40. , . , . , , . , , . , , .56 .57 . .( ) , .58 , 23
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59..
6012,Wilson:thenonTurkishnationalitiesofOttoman
Empireshouldbeassuredanundoubtedsecurityof lifeandanabsolutelyunmolestedopportunityofautonomousdevelopment..JoachimG.Joachim,..61. . ,
,..,.146.62Venizelos,Greece,O..Helmreich,..,.40. . , ,818.22111.877.59 . . . . , 14
Wilson.12
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. 12
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, . .63DimitriKitsikis, .., . 3335, .64.
65N.PetsalisDiomidis,.., . 137 H.Nicolson,.., .2567.Nicolson , , (3/02/1919).66N.PetsalisDiomidis,..,.137.67
. . , 19171918,.,.432466. , .63 , ,1914 . , , ., , .64 4 1919.65 , , (14Wilson) , , .66 .6725
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68,.,.435
69.H.Nicolson,..,.26672745.
. , .68 1914 ., , Entente,.,1917,, 19123. , ,. 21
11919.69
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70.H.Nicolson, .., . 266.
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,.,.344.
21
1919, Nicolson, .,,,. , .70
121919
.71 ., . 1919, , . . .72 1920 . 192327
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73Venizelos,Greece,.DimitriKitsikis,.,.3536.
74.Nicolson,.,.228.
75.N. Petsalis Diomidis, .., . 251256 Dimitri Kitsikis, ., . 7374.
., . , , , . Nicolson, , . , . . 1912 . ,.73. , .. , , .74 1919 . , . , ,
, 5 ,
, , .75
7
28
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F.O,.Nicolson,..,.246.76. N. Petsalis Diomidis, .., .255.
7., , , .76 Giolitti. . 1940, 1946.29
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77 , . (),
20 . 19221940. .2, ,2003.78.,
,,1988,.391.
: 1923. .1923. 1.500.000 .,1923, , , 20. , ,.77,1923 .78 . 30
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,1999,.8283.80.,..,.395.
81.
. .. .79 . ,., , , . , , . , , , 1922 . , 20 .80.81, . ...1924.19256. 31
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82.
,,19251926,...,1982,.359.83. ,
,,1988,passim. 19301934 . , . 19301934 19191967, ,1977,.77118.84 Procopis Papastratis, Megali Idea and Mare Nostrum. Aspects of Greek and ItalianNationalism,.85.,..,.392.
...82 19281932. , . ,.1930.1929 30. , . , , .83 .84 85, , . ,1934. 1935 1936 . 32
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86. , 29/10/1940, , 29/10/1940, , 28/10/1940,
,29/101940,,29/10/1940.87,29/10/1940.
, , ,..
: 194041, 1946. .T .86 , .87 . . . . . Palairet, ., ,34
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88. . (), 19401944,
ForeignOffice371,.19401943, , ,2002,.29.89.,31/10/1940,,
, . , ,6/11/1940 .90,8/11/1940.,
, , , , .91.,23/11/1940,,22/11/1940,,23/11/1940.
.88 . , , ,. , .89 , , , .90 1940 ,.911922. . OrmeSargent 14/12/1940 ,35
-
92,..,.150.
93,.150.
94Ibid,.150.95..... , 19361941, , 1969, . 2, . 36 , .., . 167. F.O. , ,, .96,19361941,..,.389391.,
,, , . F.O, ,(). .92 , Sargent, , , , . SargentPalairet .93 , ForeignOffice, .94 .95 , .. ,.9636
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97 ,.., .151 ,
,.,,1950,.4,.550.559560.98.19401941,,1980,.
5557.15 1941.Heywood , , ,.9919401941,..,.5557..,,
,..,.560561,18/01/1941Palairet. , .97 , , . 15/01/41 , , Palairet, WavellHeywood , . ,, .98 17,PalairetHeywood . , , Palairet 18/01/1941 . , , .99 , 37
-
100
51941.101Ibid102
, ..,29/10/1940,30/10/1940,7/11/194017/11/1940. 1941 . (. ), .100Wilson . , .101 . . .102 , , . .38
-
103 , 29/11/1940.
. : , .,..,,,...104.,31/10/1940.
105,31/10/1940.
106,25/11/1940.
107,25/03/1941.
108...,,
,.,!., .103 .104 : , 105., . .106 . 1821.
25
1941 .107 194041 1821,.108 29 . , . AnthonyEden41 41.39
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109. 19401941, .., . 7578. ,
,,.110 3 1943
. , Eden !111
, . 123124. . [...] .112Ibid,.96107.11319401941,..,.124.
, ,Palairet. . ,18.109 41Eden,Dill.Eden.110 , , , .111 ., Eden 41 .112Eden, , , .113 , , Eden , . , ,Eden,,40
-
114..
115 , 19411944, ,
1949. .114 .115 .1941 .41
-
116 20/04/1941
.:, ,,..:;Liquidation . . ! , . . . . , . , , . . . . . .,,.19351944,,1979,.256.117.,
1967 19191967, , 1977, . 199200. , ,, 1936. , . , . (,,.).118 .
Procopis Papastratis, British Policy towards Greece during the SecondWorldWar 19411944,CambridgeUniversityPress1984,.3.119.,..,.179.
21 1941 Palairet .18 , .116 , ,.117 ..118 .11942
-
120,.181.
121. , 19411944, ,
1949,.82.122
, 19411944, ,,1990,.,.2122.123,..,.182.
124Ibid,.185. .120 Palairet.121 Eden, , . ,,Palairet , . , . , 1864.122Palairet , , . , .123ForeignOffice , , .124 , . 43
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125.,19411944,.,..,.23.
126..,.28.
. ,., Palairet
, 1 41
, , , , ,.125 , ,.126 . .44
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127.,19411944,..,.,.102110
,,,,1966,.240249.128ProcopisPapastratis,BritishPolicytowardsGreeceduringtheSecondWorldWar,..,.8 1941 , , . .127 : , , .128 , .. . . , , ., , ,45
-
129,19411944,..,.,.103.
130Ibid,.103.131
. , 19411944,,1991,.196.132.,19411944,..,.,.104.
.129 , , , , ,.130 .:,, . ,, , . . 19191920 ., , , . . .131 .132 . 46
-
133
.134 Ibid, . 104. 1919..1920.135,19411944,.,.104.
136..,.105106.
137..,.105106.
133 .., 1919, .134 , . . , . .135 . 136. , , ,.137.,47
-
138 , 19411944, .., . , . 106.
,..,1946.139.,19411944,..,.,.106.
140.,..,.197,
19411944,..,.,.103. . , . . , , . . , . , .138 , .139, . , . 19461946. .140 , .48
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141, 19411944,.., .,.106107
,..,.245.142,.106.
143
.1913 , . 1869 , .1913() . 1972 .144
11/11/1940. . . . , 19361941, .., . ,13/11/1940.145
,. , 40 .. , . .141 19401941 . .142 143. , .144, . ,
-
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,(19461949),,1993.146,19411944,..,..,.107.
147...,.107,..,.2456.
148,19411944,..,.,.107.
149,19411944,..,.,.108.
.146 ., . , ,,194041.147 ., , .148 . , , . , .149 41 ,., . 40 41.50
-
150.
. . , 19411944, .., . , . 103. ,().151
, 19411944, . , .., . 6566. : . .152
Palairet ...88.153,..,.213.
194041 . .150 , , . ... , .151 , .1521941 .153,51
-
154. Elizabeth Barker, British Policy in South East Europe in the Second World War,
Macmillan,London1976,.1734.155Ibid,.174.156
, , .., . 177178 ,19411944,..,.372.157,:
,,,, , ,, . . , 19411944,.,..,.374.158,..,.240.
159 Ibid, . 248. ,1941Eden.Eden , .,. ForeignOffice , .154 , Barker, .155, ForeignOffice . 41. 1941.156 BBC ,.157 ForeignOffice.. .158 25/11/1941 Eden. .159,Eden52
-
,42,. , 9/03/1942,,.7(197879).160,.248.
161,..,.2534.
162.,..,.213.
163. , 19411944, . , .., . 434
,..,.254. , 15/11/1941. .160, .23/12/1941,Eden,oOrmeSargent,:,.,, , .161 , . , .162 194041 . 30/12/1941 Dixon, Sargent, F.O..Dixon ,: , .163 , ,Dixon F.O., , .,ForeignOffice,53
-
164,..,.256.
165,19411944,..,.,.479490..,
, ,,.13(2002),.80.166HaroldNicolson
1919.Peacemaking1919,.. . ,19411944,.,..,.479480.167,..,.214.
168.,19411944,.,.3.2430.
,()Dixon.1641942 , Francis Noel Baker Harold Nicolson , .165,Nicolson,,, .1661942SOE , .167 , SOEF.O.SOE ....12,Washington., Cordell Hull. , .168 memorandum 41. , . ,54
-
169Ibid,.26.
170.,,..,.358.
171,19411944,.,.51.
172,..,.49.
, , , .169Hull, Roosevelt , .170 Foreign Office .. Washington Halifax . , 19 . Palairet . .Palairet,().,, , .171
28
. , .1721942 . 18/11/1942 Eden 55
-
173,,..,.133.
174.,19411944,.,..,.337338.
175..,.387.
176 , .., . 310 ,
19411944,.,..,.397.177.,31/03/19424/01/1945,
,2003,.248252.255259,19391944,,..,1964,.213219. .173 , . , Eden,, . , Eden, ( ) .174 11 Eden, , .175 , . , (. )., , Eden ,,.176 , 42. , .177 , Moyne, , ,,56
-
178,19391944,..
179.,19411944,..,.,.382.
180
. 15/02/1942 ..181.StephenXydis,..,.2224.
182
.,,..,.,.6883.183,,..,.,.54.
, .178 . 42 ., 16/12Eden. 171942 Eden , .179 , Eden 180 . 11 , 18 , ,.181 , .182 ,42,, 30/09/42 , ,.18357
-
184.,..,Passim,..,.216217.
185.,,..,.178.
186,,,1945,.
150151., . ., , 1946. . , S.O.E , .184 194344 .185 18/10/1944 ..18658
-
187,19411944,..,.,.103.
188 40
, ...102.189.19401941,..,.96107.
, 1919. 1941, .187 . , .1928. 19401941 . .188... .,Eden2241, , , , .189Eden ,59
-
190.19401941,..,.9798.
191Ibid.192 ,,
,,,1996,.21.19319401941,..,.9798.
, .190 , , Eden, , .191 , . 1939 39.192 , , ., .,, .. ,, , ,, .193 Eden ,.60
-
194.,..,.221.
195,..,.252.
196,.253.
. . . 194041. , . .194 41 Eden.Stalin . Stalin Eden , .195 . Eden Stalin , Sargent.196 , , . , .PalairetEden, Stalin.,,61
-
197,..,.258.
198 F.O.
..,,..,.254.199..,.276.
200NoelBakerNicolson
1919.201. , , , 1946,
passim.202
.ProcopisPapastratis,BritishPolicytowardsGreeceduringtheSecondWorldWar,..,.5171..197 , Sargent, Dixon, F.O .19842ForeignOfficePalairet, Stalin .199,ForeignOffice AngloHellenicParliamentaryCommittee.2 Noel Baker Nicolson ., F.O., , .200 , , .201 F.O . 42 42.202 42 62
-
203..179.
204,,..,.5152.
205 .SelimDeringil,TurkishForeignPolicyduring theSecond
WorlsWar,CambridgeUniversityPress1989,.144,145147.206,,..,.23.
207.,,..,.340.
1942, . .,,. . Moyne , ,.203 .Foreign Office .204 Churchill 1943.205 , . , , ,, , .206 1/02/1943 Sargent. , ,F.O..207 , ,.63
-
208. , .., . 320 ,
, .., . 346 351. Law,.209,,.Selim
Deringil, Turkish Foreign Policy during the SecondWorldWar,CambridgeUniversity Press,1989,.141149151.210.,,..,.3401.
211 , .., . 326. . ,
19411944, . B, .., . 588595, .13/03/1943 , Eden, ..,..,.,.626630.,RichardLaw .208 , Churchill ,. , .209 ,. F.O. . 2/02/1943,: Times . .210, Churchill .
11943Eden
.21164
-
212,19411944,.,..,.6302.
213..,.1,.101106.
214Ibid,.1,.226.215,.1,.230.
216.,19411944,..,.226.
Eden., , ForeignOfficeEden,, . ,oEden, ., , ,, .212 43 .213ForeignOffice . 8 .21416Washington Hull, , .215 ,ForeignOffice . , ,, , , ,21665
-
217,..,.447.
218Ibid,.459. 27 , , Leeper , . , .217 43 Leeper , , . , Leeper , , .218 1943 . ., . , 1947. , 1919. , 1878 66219.19401941,..,.124.
.,1941,,,.1941Eden ..,:
-
, , . , , .219 , 19401 , ,.,Eden . , . Eden, ForeignOffice , . , ,67
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22019401,..,.124.
221..4041
.222,,..,.96.
, .220 41 ., , Palairet .221 . 1941 . 1915 1920, . , , F.O.1941,Cadogan,, .222.15/11/1941. :68
-
223. Frank Weber, ,
,,1983,.165.224,..,.248.
225Ibid,.248.,. . : , , , , , , , , .223 . Eden, o ,.224 .Eden. , . , .Eden .225 41Sargent ForeignOffice Stalin Eden
25Eden.
, , 41 . , F.O. 30Dixon69
-
226,..,.254.
227,19411944,.,..,.479480.
228 .
Burse . .,,.,..,.53. .22642NoelBakerNicolsonAngloHellenicParliamentaryCommittee .227 , . Noel Baker ,, .Nicolson,,. , .1942, ... CordellHull, .., . . WashingtonHalifax,, . ForeignOffice., ,,: , .22870
-
229Eden.
,19411944,..,.218219,,..,.248257.230.,,..,.264266.
231Ibid,.265..,,.,.94.232
. .,,..,.3467. 1942. , . ForeignOffice. Eden, .229Eden23. Eden , .230 Moyne,Eden .231 Churchill.,43 , .232 ,71
-
233..12.
234
, ., .
20
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238,,,1945,.
150151. , /..,,19/10/44,. 11 1944, . , , .236 , , .237 ,,., , ,,. 18 1944 , . , .238,, ,74
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239,18/10/44.
240,17/10/44.
241.,14/11/44.
.239 . , , , .240, , .241 44 . , . . . , , , 75
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242..142
.243 1939,
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246
:, ..,,,1945.247
. . , 36 49,,,,,2003,.4452.248.,,(..),1946.
,, .246de facto,.247 ,(). () , , . , 19401. ,.24879
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211944,..,21/11/44.250
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1945.252
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20.253
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281945,,.,1946.254 , ,
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257
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259. , ;,
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261. ,
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264.,,(.),
1945..,..,.359.265,..,.201.
266,,
5 1946, .267Ibid,.36. . , .. .264 . , , , .265 , , 51946,.266 , , ,, , , , .267 83
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268..,.810.
269. , :
,.,1946.270.,..,.359.
271.,..,.233,..,.710.
272
,, . 1878 ,., Pavlowitch, 70% . 1885 , . ,. . . ,,,1945, , 18851886,,1963 .268 , .269 .270 , , , .271, , , , , ( ), . , ,
19,
.27284
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,,1959..,StefanPavlowitch,AHistoryoftheBalkans18041945,Longman,NewYork1999.273
,,1945, o , ,1946.274.,/,.13,.1.
1, . .273, .. . 2 1946 .. .274 , . , . , , (),85
-
275,/,.13,.1.
276Ibid277
. , ,(..),1945.278..,.2425.
( ), .275 , , , , ,,.276 , .277.:, , . , , . . . , , .278 . , , . . 1941 . . .86
-
279,..,Passim.
280,..,.18.
281,..,.8.
282Ibid,.4950.283 , :
, , 1945. .,..,.360,.4. . , , , .279 , . , . . .280 , , ,.281 , , .282 . , .283 .87
-
284,,(..),1946.
285Ibid,.1011.286
, ..,..,.11.,:[...]..,..,.49.287
, ;, ,1946. .284, , , ,homomeditteraneushomobalcanicus.,, , , . ,, .285 , .286 ,
.287
. (Lebensraum) . , , (88
-
288,..,.22.
289.,..,.12.
290.,..,.184.
291.,..,.361.
), .288 .,., .289 ,. . ,,, .290, ,, , ,., ., .291 . , 89
-
292.,..,.25.
293. ,
,19221967,,2006,.178..1943. , . , , . . , , .292 . , ,.293, , , . . . ,193590
-
294 6 1935
..,,.4,1975,.2967, 19361949, , , ,2003,.5372.295,..,.59.
296
...,.59,,, .,.4,1943297
. , , (..),1946,.24.298..,.2526.
299.,,.6,1987,.1618,
2/06/1945. ,1945.294 , , 1945, , .295 , 1943, .296,,.297, . , , .298 45, ,
.11945,
. , ., , .,,.299Elizabeth91
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..BasilKondis,GreekNationalClaimsat theParisPeaceConferenceof1946,BalkanStudies,vol.32,part2,1990,.316,.38.,..,.5960.300ElizabethBarker, 19411947,,1982,.51.301,5/06/1945.
302,3/03/45.
303,12/06/45.
304,16/06/1945.
Barker, 1946,, ,.300 45 .301 , ,. . : , , .30231 45, , 10 , .303 16 45 . .304
12252745
. , , ,92
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305,30/06/1945.
306.,..,.60.
307,,.6,1987,.4041.
308. ,
,34,2001,.208. .305 19431946 ., .306 29 45,Cavalcade,, . , , .307. . 19456, . , , , . , .30893
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309Stephen Xydis, Greece and the Great Powers 19441947, Institute for Balkan Studies,
Thessaloniki 1963, . 96 Basil Kondis, Greek National Claims at the Paris PeaceConferenceof1946,BalkanStudies,vol.32,part2,.314310.StephenXydis,..,.
99. . ,24/03/1945.31161945.B.Xydis,..
194619451946 . ,. 1945.,1945.309 , , , . ,.310 45 , .311 . 20 , , 94
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312StephenXydis,..,.99.
313,22/06/1945.
314,30/06/1945
315.BasilKondis,..,.314.
316,4/07/1945
317,5/07/1945
318,.
,..,1958,.429..312,
22
,.313 ,, , , .314 19451946 , . .315 , . 45 .316, . , .317 6 , ,.318 1941, ,95
-
319
, .. . , S. PhocasCosmetatos,LaGrecedevantlaConferencedelaPaix,Paris1945,.2930, .320.StephenXydis,..,.100.
, , .319 13 1945 ., . . . . , . , .320 , ., , , . , . . , , ,,, , . , 96
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321,1314/07/1945.
322, 14/07/1945.
. ,.323
, 45 . , 18/07/1945 . .,,18/07/1945,18/07/1945.324.,19451949.
19401950.,,2006,.353..,.13 14 , .,
.321,14,
, , , .322 .323 , , , , ,1945.324, 17/072/08/1945. 17 .Truman , , . ,Stalin Churchill . , , 97
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325StephenXydis,..,.110111.
326Ibid,.110.327 Iatrides, J. Ambassador MacVeagh Reports. Greece, 19331947, New Jersey, PrincetonUniversityPress,1972.328,21/07/1945.
329Ibid.330StephenXydis,..,.113..325 20 , ,,, . , .326 , MacVeagh Grew19 , , .327
21Stalin
Churchill. News Chronicle. .328 ,., 1939.329, ,,,.23Churchill .330 , , . ,98
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331,.113.
332,5/08/1945.
333.,7/08/1945. ,
, .334,16/08/1945.
335StephenXydis,..,.122.336StephenXydis,..,.122.337..,.124125.
338,.124.
,.331 ,5, .332 , .333
16
.334 20, , .335 , 13.336,, .337 , , . . , .33899
-
339
..,..,.56., ., , , .340StephenXydis,..,.125.341..,.125.
342StephenXydis,..,.125.343,
,,...,.125. .339 .340, statusquo,., , . . , .341 , , .. .342,, . ,, ,.343 , , .,100
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344,22/08/1945.
345
12 45.,, . 45 , . , . ., 31/08/1945 Ole Smith, 19451949,,1992,.165183.346 Basil Kondis, .., . 314. . 8 Bevin 13 Byrnes.Molotov..StephenXydis,..,.130., 45 ,. Bevin. ,. ,
22
.344 ,345 45, .,1945., . , 45 , , ,
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.346,101
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,.,,.,..,.3338.347Kondis,.314.348
. . , . . . 45.19 .., ..,1946.19401950.,.,,2006,.308.349StephenXydis,.131.350,21/09/1945.
, , .347Molotov , ,,
.19
.20 Byrnes, Bevin Bidault ,,, .348 , , ,.349 , .350
7 , 1
. , 45102
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351,,.6,1987,.8385.
352Ibid,.84.353.,..,.8485,3/10/1945.
354
9/1121/12/1945..StephenXydis,..,.141143.355
. 1917 ,. 1943. ..356.,
,14/11/1945./,.10(.3),/.
7
, ., .351,., , . , .352 , , ,.353 45 .354 14 , 355, .356 , ., ., 103
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357 , 2/12 ,
. / , .. .. , , (..), 1951, . 320332. , . . . , ,(..),1945.358StephenXydis,..,.141.359/,.10(.3),/.
360..
361Ibid.362
,,.357 , .358 .359 24/01/1946. , 1945. , 1945 . 45. . : , , , .360 , .361 . , .362
-
104
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. ./,.10(.3),/.363Ibid.364
, , . .. . , , . . ., , , . , , . 90.000.800.000. , . , .363 14.000 . 430.000 . ..364 , . . . , ,105365./,.10(.3),1945./.
-
,500.000. , . , , , 3.500 . 70.000 .365 , , , . , . 19401. , , ,,, , . , . , . . () . 106
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366
../,.10 (. 3), / . 20 45, ., , , ...97.367,17/11/1945.
368 . ,
,,19461967,,2001,.59.369,23/11/1945.
, , . . , .366 17 45 . . , . , , .... , . ,, . ....367 22 45,368 , .369 .107
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370,29/11/1945.
371,12/12/1945.
372,5/12/1945..,,
,1985,.6572137174.,,1970,.364.373,.6,.
374..
375,.6,.
.37011/12/1945.371 31 1946, 1948.372151945, , .373 . . , .374 , . . ., . , 41 :, .375108
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376,19/12/1945.
377.OleSmith,:,,..122,31/03/1979,.
3036. , ,(19451963),,1992,.256,.51. , , ,. . ..,1/04/1946. 45 . , , , .37646 1946 40. ., ,
2
46.377, . . 46,. . .., 46 109
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378 .. .
,,1946195219401950,,..,.487527.379
. , (19441947), ., , 1998, . 179 290. , 4545.380
. , , (19451963),,1992..,,22/01/1946.381StephenXydis,..,.164167.382,22/01/1946,,.6,,
1987,.168171.383
, 24/01/1946. . : , , ... : ,.....378.
311946
, .379 20 4614.380 .. 21 46. , ., , .381 .. ,., , !.382 , .383 ,
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110
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384..,24/01/1946.
385
2 , Ole Smith. .OleSmith, 19451949, , 1992, . 172. . , . , :1946.,2006.386.,12/02/1946.
387.,..,.61.
388,8/02/1946.
389,19/03/1946.
. , , ., .., , , .384 46 .385 .386 , ( )387 . 8 , , .388 , .389 111
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390,10/03/1946,,11/03/1946.
391. , , . 6, , 1987, . 172184
,17/02/1946.. 19467 . , , , 194647,,,2005.392.HeinzRichter,
194549,L.Baerentzen,. OleSmith,,1992,.185194.,19451949,1940, , . , , 1984, . 341382,
2/(19471949).393.,,1978,
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2 1215
1946 .391 .392,311946, . . . . , 46 , .393 . 112
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394.,.11(.1),/..
395..
396,.11(.1),/..
397..98.340.
398 45
...9698.399
,.,.., . , 2000, . 126. .,..,.2425. , .1646,
31
1946.394 . . , .395 , , . , , : . [...] . .396 , .397 , , 398, . , (. ) .399,,,,.113
-
400,.11(.1),/..
401. , 24/03/1946 , 25/03/1946. .
,,..,.69.402.,1/04/1946.
403,.11(.1),/..
, ,
31,.400
, .401 , . , .402
31
.,. .403 . , , . , . ,,,,,,,. (55,16%/ 260), , . , (19,68%/68 ).114
-
404 , ,
19451963, .., . 249. 46 ,Ibid.405..
., . , ....,,.,1994,.105109.,,
31 , , 4 ... .,.,..,.120.406,.11(.1),/..
407.. ,
,.408.,,16/04/1946,23/05/1946.
409,.11 (.1),/..
. , ,,.34,2001,.201,.26.410,9/05/1946.
411,8/05/1946.
(14,39%/48),(5,96%/20).404 18 1946 .4053,,
31.406,
, .407, 46. . .408, .409
.4108 46
,
-
.411115
-
412,5/05/1946.
413.
414,18/06/1946.
415,16/05/1946.,.
11(.1),/..416Ibid.417,17/05/1946.,.
11(.1),/.. 5 46 .412 , , , , .413 . 1746.414 ,
31
. 16, 17 18. 16 , .415..,., .416
17
.417 116
-
418.StephenXydis,..,.196.
419,18/05/1946.,.
11(.1),/..420
., , .421,18/05/1946.,.
11(.1),/..422
.
. 31..,..,.69.423,22/05/1946.,.
11(.1),/.. .418 , , , , . . , .419 .420 , .421, , 22 23 . 22 . 422, .423 , 117
-
424,22/05/1946.,.
11(.1),/..425
. . 6 , 4 ...,..,.69.426,23/05/1946.,.
11(.1),/..427.
.424, 46 ,. . .425
23
: , , . .426 , ,, .
23 .
,, .42746, , 25, 8 . , 118
-
428. , 16/06/1946, /
.,.11(.1),/..429,6/06/1946.
430 . ,
19401950,,..,.383398.431,18/06/1946.
432, 19/06/1946. . 8 ,
. !., . 46 , , , , . , , .4286 .429, . . 46
.430 18
, .431
19,
.432119
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433
.StephenXydis,..,.231256.434.,30/06/1946,,1/07/1946.
. . . , . ,
BidaultByrnes1,
Bevin, Molotov 4 .433 , , , , . ., Bevin , . , , .434 14 , , Sunday imes 120
-
435,.13(.1),/.
436Ibid.437,.13(.1),/.
438,.13(.1),/.
439
. . StephenXydis,..,.270. .435 . 19 , .436 .,
29.437,
35. .20, .438 . , .439 , , . , , , . , . ,121
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440,,
.13(.1),/.441,21/07/1946.
442,.13(.1),/.
443 Ibid. . StephenXydis,.., .271, . , 14
.44021
.441 , , , .442 Samuel Reber .443 Reber , , . , . , .. . ,
.27,
, . 122
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444.,,.11 (.
1),/,27/07/1946.445,28/07/1946.
446,31/07/1946.
447.StephenXydis,..,.272.
, ,,, , . . , , , . , , .444 ,, .445 .31 , .446, , . ,.447123
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448
, . , : . , . , ., . , . , . , . . :.,.,... . . . ,.13(.1),/.449.,1/08/1946
StephenXydis,..,.272.450.StephenXydis,..,.272.
, . . . , 448 , , ,.449., Byrnes Atlee.450 . Byrnes, Atlee . .., . 3 . : ,124
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451,4/08/1946.
452.BasilKondis,..,.320.
45313Epoque,
. . , . 13 (.1), /.454.,10/08/1946.
455,.16(.1),/.
, .451 , 700.000.000 .452, , , . .453 , .454 8 , , , EdvardKardelj . , .Kardelj , .455 , . 125
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456 40 .
,40,,1999.4571951.
458,.16(.1),/.
. Kardelj , . ,, . .Kardelj , .. . . . , .456 . 46,, 9 457 . . . , , .458126
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459.StephenXydis,..,.280.
460.,13/08/1946.
461,13/08/194615/08/1946.
, , Vyshinsky , .459 , . 42., 12 , .460 , .461 , , ,,.,, . 14 .KulishevGeorgieff.Kulishev. . ,Kulishev,127
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462 .
,;,..,,..463. , . 13 (. 1), /
,15/08/1946.464.StephenXydis,..,.281.
465Ibid..462 , Kulishev , . , .46314 DimitriManuilsky, 1/10 1/3 .Manuilsky . Byrnes, . Byrnes , , .464Molotov, , .,, , , , .465 ,. . 17 128
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466,17/08/1946.
467,17/08/1946.
468,17/08/1946
469,21/08/1946.
.466,. , , .,,.467Molotov
. 17
, .468 . ., .20, .
.469 21
.
22,
, 129
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470Ibid,22/08/1946.
47122.,
.13(.1),/.472.,.13(.1),/.
473,.13(.1),/.
.470 .471 40 .472, . ,
28.,
. .,. . 23 , , .Matin,,.473Monde , / . Le Pays , . Figaro . L aube : 21: . Mauilsky . , Laurore130
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474,24/08/1946.
475,24/08/1946.
476Ibid.477,24/08/1946.
478.,25/08/1946.
. Humanite 21 Manuilsky . 24 . , , .474 . , ,.475 , , :.,,,;.476 Manuilsky , .477 , ,17 . , 25 ..,, .478 131
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479
. , . 13 (. 1), /.480,,
(),...,27/08/1946. .. . , , 19461952 19401950,,,1984., . , . .479 25 Daily Mail Manuilsky, .Figaro, , . Matin .Epoque . Humanite .LeMonde .. 29/820/9.480 , , . , , .5132
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481,6/09/1946.
.StephenXydis,..,.335346.482StephenXydis,..,.345.483,10/09/1946.
. , , .481 Sir Alexander Cadogan . , , 46.482 Johnson, 9 . .,
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Johnson , , . , , . . 1011, , . . 10 , o .483 133
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484Ibid.
485.,31/08/1946.
486,.13(.1),/.
.
12
. , .484. 30 .485 , .MolotovPijade.,,, . 1272,..Epoque
25.,
, Molotov.486MatinMolotov .FranceLibre , .,.134
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487.StephenXydis,..,.319.
488,4/09/1946.
489. , 5/09/1946, ,
StephenXydis,..,.323326.490,7/09/1946.
, , Byrnes , .487, , .
, 3
.488 . 3 7 . Kolarov . ,. .489 , , . , .490, , , , .,135
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491StephenXydis,.326.
492 7
.B.Xydis,.366.493., 8/09/1946.,
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495,28/09/1946 Xydis, .371.
,, . DimitriS.Constantopoulos,TheParisPeaceConferenceof1946and theGreekBulgarianRelations, ,1956.496
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.494 , 28 . , , , .495
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.496136497
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1,
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, ,
. 2
. , .499 4,,,, . , Byrnes, .500 11, , , , , Cannon, .501 : , . , Cannon, . , , , , , ., Cannon , .,, , ,.502499,3/10/1946. , . .. ., ;, ,,1946.500,.13(.1),/..,
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502,.13(.1),/.
138
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, 15 . , 3 46
.503 , 4
1946 , . , , ,,,.504 ..,, .505 . , . , , 25, , ..506,,, , . , , . , . ,.,503.,4/12/1946.
504Ibid.505,.13(.1),/.
506..,
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. , , ,.1946, . , ,1919., , 1946 , . . ,. , .140
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