&
.:1104M0352007
,(19162005)2
...................................................................................................................3.....................................................................................................4 : .................7 . (19191920)..................................................................................................................11............................................................................................11 : ;............................................................................................13.............16 ...........................................................................16 30 1918.............18..........................................................................................................................21.......................................................................................................22...................................................................................................................23.................................................................................................................28 : ......................30 : ......34 .................................34............................................................................42 .......................................45 ..............................................................................................................51...............................51........................................................................................................59.................................................................................................................66 ............................................................................73............................................................................................................73......................................................................................................75
1 :...........................................................................76 : ;.............................................................................................................78.................................................................791946.................................................................94 46 ........................109:.......................................................................................................141;...........................................................141.............................................................................................................1443
, 1946. , 1919. 1919, , , 1940., , . . , , , ForeignOffice. . , . , ,.4
. , , ,. . , , .19451946, . , . 19451946., . 1946, . , , ,, , .1946. , .5
. .6
: 14/01/1844 ,
. 19
.,, , , .1, ,. ,. 18302 . 1830 . 1864.
19
1. , ,
(18301880),,1988,.269271.2 , , . . . , , ,,2004,passim.7
. 3,
20
19121913. . ,
, 19
,19141918 . . . ,..
19
, . , , 43., , ...,1999,.5354.
4..,,,1978,,,,1976DimitriKitsikis,PropagandeetPressionsenPolitiqueInternationale:LaGreceetsesrevendicationsalaConferencedelaPaix(19191920),Paris(P.U.F.)1963. , , . 85. , ,
,,1988, . 417. , . , . (). . Entente .To . . 1923 . . . , 1922 , . ,. 1940 .
. . .59
19457 .6 1946.
..,1946.,,/ : ,,.34,2001. . , , ,., , . , 19451946, , . 6.10
7HaroldNicolson,Peacemaking 1919,UniversityPaperbacks,London 1964, . 241.
1919.81919.N.PetsalisDiomidis,GreeceattheParisPeaceConference,InstituteforBalkanStudies,Thessaloniki1978, .348349. , 19191920 ,.,.88.9. JoachimG. Joachim,EleftheriosVenizelosat theParisPeaceConference : triumphor
disaster?,Thetis,ManncheimerBeitrgezurklassischenArchologieundGeschichteGriechenlandsundZyperns?,Band4,Manncheim1997.10
..Nicolson,,.HaroldNicolson,..,.247,251,268,271.
.(19191920) 181919.7,,, ,,, (27/11/1919) (10/08/1920). .H , , ,:, , .8 , , , .9, , Lloyd George, Clemenceau, Wilson Orlando.1011
11. . , ..., 1897 , ,1999,.2489.DimitriKitsikis,..,passim.12.DimitriKitsikis,..,passim.
13.,
,,,2005,passim.14,..,.3447.
, . , .11 .12, . 1919 . , .13, . LloydGeorge ForeignOffice .14 . .12
15
GreecebeforethePeaceCongressLaGrecedevantleCongressdelaPaix...,.,.,.251,.4. memorandum,LloydGeorge..JoachimG.Joachim,...PaulHelmreich,FromParis toSevres,ThePartition of theOttomanEmpire at thePeaceConference of19191920,OhioStateUniversityPress,1974,.3846N.PetsalisDiomidis,..,.73.16.N.PetsalisDiomidis,.., .63., ,
., , , . .17 JoachimG. Joachim, .., .251. .HaroldNicolson,O..,261281. :; 30 1918 , .15 17 1918 ForeignOffice,.16 , , 17. ,55% , 45% . ,memorandum , ,,. , 1878 13
18
, Helmreich , ..PaulC.Helmreich,O.,.40.19,
, LloydGeorge..Dimitri Kitsikis, .., . 7778. , 1919 192832 .,, ,...24.20Helmreich,..,.8.111918, 14 , Wilson 4(fourprinciples).21. Alan Sharp, The genie that would not go back into the bottle, National self
determinationand the legacyof theFirstWorldWarand thePeaceSettlementEuropeandEthnicity,WorldWarIandContemporaryEthnicConflict,editedbySeamusDunnandT.G.Fraser,Routledge,1996,.11.22 JoachimG. Joachim,..passim.
12 14 Wilson : the nonTurkish nationalities of OttomanEmpire should be assured an undoubted security of life and an absolutely unmolestedopportunityofautonomousdevelopment. Wilson Lloyd George ., Wilson , , ,
12 ...,,..,.1457..18 , Entente , .19,
12
14WoodrowWilson. 8 1918 Wilson .20,Wilson,
.21 12
,,
, .2214
23N.PetsalisDiomidis,..,.135..,H.Nicolson,..,.255257.
24N.PetsalisDiomidis,..,.136.25..,.,.250
, . , ., 14Wilson. . , , 1917.3 4 1918.23 , ., ..24 .25 , . , . 15
26.,19171918,
...,2000,.,.4378.27..,
19121934,,.5960. . ,,.26 1914 , , .1913 . (), , .. . , . , . ,.27,, 16
28 1919201940 . ,
1919/201940,,,2005. . ProcopisPapastratis, Megali Idea and Mare Nostrum, Aspects of Greek and Italian Nationalism,,passim..M.Pipinelis,EuropeandtheAlbanianQuestion,Chicago,Argonaut1963.29.,19171918,..,.380
381.30
, ..., 19171918, .., .382. , .28. . , ,..29, , , . , , . . 1913 , . .301915,,
17
31
. Helmreich, .., .510. 1915 1917. , ,.32 Venizelos, Greece, . 2. . Helmreich, .., .39. ,,..N.PetsalisDiomidis,..,.136.33.N.PetsalisDiomidis,..,.139H.Nicolson,..,.2612634.
, . 19151917 , ,.1919.31
301918
. , 200.000,120.000. , , , . , Wilson .32 .33 ,18
34N.PetsalisDiomidis,..,.139.
35,.140.
36DimitriKitsikis,..,.71.37.Nicolson,..,.228.2634.
38 .
.39H.Nicolson, .. , 265. Nicolson ..N.PetsalisDiomidis,..,.141. . , , .34 , , . , 2/3.35, , , .36 , . , .37, , .38 .,Castoldi
191919
.39 Castoldi,19
40N.PetsalisDiomidis,..,.141.
41.H.Nicolson, .., . 268273. Nicolson
,..Nicolson:IcanttellyouthepositionthatVenizeloshashere!HeandLeninaretheonlytworeallygreatmeninEurope.42.N.PetsalisDiomidis,..,.142
H.Nicolson,..,.268272.43,.,,.8788.
.4024,26271919.41 .42. 29/07/1919 . , . , 20, .4391921 .,, , .20
44.,19171918,
...,2000,.,.43145,.,,.8788.
46.Nicolson,..,.266.Nicolson20
.47ArnoldToynbee,
19191920..JoachimG.Joachim,..48Helmreich,..,.3940.49.N.PetsalisDiomidis,..,.153172.256279.
, .44, 730.822 . ,, , 1913.45 201919.46 ,., o Lloyd George Clemenceau , .47 .48 .49 Wilson . , 21
50DimitriKitsikis,..,.4751.
51..,..,.252,.6.
52.N.PetsalisDiomidis,..,.251256DimitriKitsikis,..,.7374
.53..,.51.
54 1919
Neuilly.N.PetsalisDiomidis,..,.280290.55. 30/12/1918.
.6. . . Wilson .50 , ,, . . 1919 , .51
1
.52 , 10 12 . , .53 1919 . Neuilly 27/11/1919 .54 , , , .55 22
56Venizelos,Greece..,..
57Helmreich,..,.41.58 .
, 1871 , , . .DimitriKitsikis,..,.32. .
301918,.,.111.,Helmreich,..,.40. , . , . , , . , , . , , .56 .57 . .( ) , .58 , 23
59..
6012,Wilson:thenonTurkishnationalitiesofOttoman
Empireshouldbeassuredanundoubtedsecurityof lifeandanabsolutelyunmolestedopportunityofautonomousdevelopment..JoachimG.Joachim,..61. . ,
,..,.146.62Venizelos,Greece,O..Helmreich,..,.40. . , ,818.22111.877.59 . . . . , 14
Wilson.12
.60 , Wilson , ,
. 12
., .61 ,.6224
, . .63DimitriKitsikis, .., . 3335, .64.
65N.PetsalisDiomidis,.., . 137 H.Nicolson,.., .2567.Nicolson , , (3/02/1919).66N.PetsalisDiomidis,..,.137.67
. . , 19171918,.,.432466. , .63 , ,1914 . , , ., , .64 4 1919.65 , , (14Wilson) , , .66 .6725
68,.,.435
69.H.Nicolson,..,.26672745.
. , .68 1914 ., , Entente,.,1917,, 19123. , ,. 21
11919.69
, .,.26
70.H.Nicolson, .., . 266.
.Nicolson Lybdyer Day , .,.226.228.71.,.,,.115.
. , , . . , .,.,.255.72.,
,.,.344.
21
1919, Nicolson, .,,,. , .70
121919
.71 ., . 1919, , . . .72 1920 . 192327
73Venizelos,Greece,.DimitriKitsikis,.,.3536.
74.Nicolson,.,.228.
75.N. Petsalis Diomidis, .., . 251256 Dimitri Kitsikis, ., . 7374.
., . , , , . Nicolson, , . , . . 1912 . ,.73. , .. , , .74 1919 . , . , ,
, 5 ,
, , .75
7
28
F.O,.Nicolson,..,.246.76. N. Petsalis Diomidis, .., .255.
7., , , .76 Giolitti. . 1940, 1946.29
77 , . (),
20 . 19221940. .2, ,2003.78.,
,,1988,.391.
: 1923. .1923. 1.500.000 .,1923, , , 20. , ,.77,1923 .78 . 30
79. , , ,
,1999,.8283.80.,..,.395.
81.
. .. .79 . ,., , , . , , . , , , 1922 . , 20 .80.81, . ...1924.19256. 31
82.
,,19251926,...,1982,.359.83. ,
,,1988,passim. 19301934 . , . 19301934 19191967, ,1977,.77118.84 Procopis Papastratis, Megali Idea and Mare Nostrum. Aspects of Greek and ItalianNationalism,.85.,..,.392.
...82 19281932. , . ,.1930.1929 30. , . , , .83 .84 85, , . ,1934. 1935 1936 . 32
.. . .33
86. , 29/10/1940, , 29/10/1940, , 28/10/1940,
,29/101940,,29/10/1940.87,29/10/1940.
, , ,..
: 194041, 1946. .T .86 , .87 . . . . . Palairet, ., ,34
88. . (), 19401944,
ForeignOffice371,.19401943, , ,2002,.29.89.,31/10/1940,,
, . , ,6/11/1940 .90,8/11/1940.,
, , , , .91.,23/11/1940,,22/11/1940,,23/11/1940.
.88 . , , ,. , .89 , , , .90 1940 ,.911922. . OrmeSargent 14/12/1940 ,35
92,..,.150.
93,.150.
94Ibid,.150.95..... , 19361941, , 1969, . 2, . 36 , .., . 167. F.O. , ,, .96,19361941,..,.389391.,
,, , . F.O, ,(). .92 , Sargent, , , , . SargentPalairet .93 , ForeignOffice, .94 .95 , .. ,.9636
97 ,.., .151 ,
,.,,1950,.4,.550.559560.98.19401941,,1980,.
5557.15 1941.Heywood , , ,.9919401941,..,.5557..,,
,..,.560561,18/01/1941Palairet. , .97 , , . 15/01/41 , , Palairet, WavellHeywood , . ,, .98 17,PalairetHeywood . , , Palairet 18/01/1941 . , , .99 , 37
100
51941.101Ibid102
, ..,29/10/1940,30/10/1940,7/11/194017/11/1940. 1941 . (. ), .100Wilson . , .101 . . .102 , , . .38
103 , 29/11/1940.
. : , .,..,,,...104.,31/10/1940.
105,31/10/1940.
106,25/11/1940.
107,25/03/1941.
108...,,
,.,!., .103 .104 : , 105., . .106 . 1821.
25
1941 .107 194041 1821,.108 29 . , . AnthonyEden41 41.39
109. 19401941, .., . 7578. ,
,,.110 3 1943
. , Eden !111
, . 123124. . [...] .112Ibid,.96107.11319401941,..,.124.
, ,Palairet. . ,18.109 41Eden,Dill.Eden.110 , , , .111 ., Eden 41 .112Eden, , , .113 , , Eden , . , ,Eden,,40
114..
115 , 19411944, ,
1949. .114 .115 .1941 .41
116 20/04/1941
.:, ,,..:;Liquidation . . ! , . . . . , . , , . . . . . .,,.19351944,,1979,.256.117.,
1967 19191967, , 1977, . 199200. , ,, 1936. , . , . (,,.).118 .
Procopis Papastratis, British Policy towards Greece during the SecondWorldWar 19411944,CambridgeUniversityPress1984,.3.119.,..,.179.
21 1941 Palairet .18 , .116 , ,.117 ..118 .11942
120,.181.
121. , 19411944, ,
1949,.82.122
, 19411944, ,,1990,.,.2122.123,..,.182.
124Ibid,.185. .120 Palairet.121 Eden, , . ,,Palairet , . , . , 1864.122Palairet , , . , .123ForeignOffice , , .124 , . 43
125.,19411944,.,..,.23.
126..,.28.
. ,., Palairet
, 1 41
, , , , ,.125 , ,.126 . .44
127.,19411944,..,.,.102110
,,,,1966,.240249.128ProcopisPapastratis,BritishPolicytowardsGreeceduringtheSecondWorldWar,..,.8 1941 , , . .127 : , , .128 , .. . . , , ., , ,45
129,19411944,..,.,.103.
130Ibid,.103.131
. , 19411944,,1991,.196.132.,19411944,..,.,.104.
.129 , , , , ,.130 .:,, . ,, , . . 19191920 ., , , . . .131 .132 . 46
133
.134 Ibid, . 104. 1919..1920.135,19411944,.,.104.
136..,.105106.
137..,.105106.
133 .., 1919, .134 , . . , . .135 . 136. , , ,.137.,47
138 , 19411944, .., . , . 106.
,..,1946.139.,19411944,..,.,.106.
140.,..,.197,
19411944,..,.,.103. . , . . , , . . , . , .138 , .139, . , . 19461946. .140 , .48
141, 19411944,.., .,.106107
,..,.245.142,.106.
143
.1913 , . 1869 , .1913() . 1972 .144
11/11/1940. . . . , 19361941, .., . ,13/11/1940.145
,. , 40 .. , . .141 19401941 . .142 143. , .144, . ,
. lobby .. .14549
,(19461949),,1993.146,19411944,..,..,.107.
147...,.107,..,.2456.
148,19411944,..,.,.107.
149,19411944,..,.,.108.
.146 ., . , ,,194041.147 ., , .148 . , , . , .149 41 ,., . 40 41.50
150.
. . , 19411944, .., . , . 103. ,().151
, 19411944, . , .., . 6566. : . .152
Palairet ...88.153,..,.213.
194041 . .150 , , . ... , .151 , .1521941 .153,51
154. Elizabeth Barker, British Policy in South East Europe in the Second World War,
Macmillan,London1976,.1734.155Ibid,.174.156
, , .., . 177178 ,19411944,..,.372.157,:
,,,, , ,, . . , 19411944,.,..,.374.158,..,.240.
159 Ibid, . 248. ,1941Eden.Eden , .,. ForeignOffice , .154 , Barker, .155, ForeignOffice . 41. 1941.156 BBC ,.157 ForeignOffice.. .158 25/11/1941 Eden. .159,Eden52
,42,. , 9/03/1942,,.7(197879).160,.248.
161,..,.2534.
162.,..,.213.
163. , 19411944, . , .., . 434
,..,.254. , 15/11/1941. .160, .23/12/1941,Eden,oOrmeSargent,:,.,, , .161 , . , .162 194041 . 30/12/1941 Dixon, Sargent, F.O..Dixon ,: , .163 , ,Dixon F.O., , .,ForeignOffice,53
164,..,.256.
165,19411944,..,.,.479490..,
, ,,.13(2002),.80.166HaroldNicolson
1919.Peacemaking1919,.. . ,19411944,.,..,.479480.167,..,.214.
168.,19411944,.,.3.2430.
,()Dixon.1641942 , Francis Noel Baker Harold Nicolson , .165,Nicolson,,, .1661942SOE , .167 , SOEF.O.SOE ....12,Washington., Cordell Hull. , .168 memorandum 41. , . ,54
169Ibid,.26.
170.,,..,.358.
171,19411944,.,.51.
172,..,.49.
, , , .169Hull, Roosevelt , .170 Foreign Office .. Washington Halifax . , 19 . Palairet . .Palairet,().,, , .171
28
. , .1721942 . 18/11/1942 Eden 55
173,,..,.133.
174.,19411944,.,..,.337338.
175..,.387.
176 , .., . 310 ,
19411944,.,..,.397.177.,31/03/19424/01/1945,
,2003,.248252.255259,19391944,,..,1964,.213219. .173 , . , Eden,, . , Eden, ( ) .174 11 Eden, , .175 , . , (. )., , Eden ,,.176 , 42. , .177 , Moyne, , ,,56
178,19391944,..
179.,19411944,..,.,.382.
180
. 15/02/1942 ..181.StephenXydis,..,.2224.
182
.,,..,.,.6883.183,,..,.,.54.
, .178 . 42 ., 16/12Eden. 171942 Eden , .179 , Eden 180 . 11 , 18 , ,.181 , .182 ,42,, 30/09/42 , ,.18357
184.,..,Passim,..,.216217.
185.,,..,.178.
186,,,1945,.
150151., . ., , 1946. . , S.O.E , .184 194344 .185 18/10/1944 ..18658
187,19411944,..,.,.103.
188 40
, ...102.189.19401941,..,.96107.
, 1919. 1941, .187 . , .1928. 19401941 . .188... .,Eden2241, , , , .189Eden ,59
190.19401941,..,.9798.
191Ibid.192 ,,
,,,1996,.21.19319401941,..,.9798.
, .190 , , Eden, , .191 , . 1939 39.192 , , ., .,, .. ,, , ,, .193 Eden ,.60
194.,..,.221.
195,..,.252.
196,.253.
. . . 194041. , . .194 41 Eden.Stalin . Stalin Eden , .195 . Eden Stalin , Sargent.196 , , . , .PalairetEden, Stalin.,,61
197,..,.258.
198 F.O.
..,,..,.254.199..,.276.
200NoelBakerNicolson
1919.201. , , , 1946,
passim.202
.ProcopisPapastratis,BritishPolicytowardsGreeceduringtheSecondWorldWar,..,.5171..197 , Sargent, Dixon, F.O .19842ForeignOfficePalairet, Stalin .199,ForeignOffice AngloHellenicParliamentaryCommittee.2 Noel Baker Nicolson ., F.O., , .200 , , .201 F.O . 42 42.202 42 62
203..179.
204,,..,.5152.
205 .SelimDeringil,TurkishForeignPolicyduring theSecond
WorlsWar,CambridgeUniversityPress1989,.144,145147.206,,..,.23.
207.,,..,.340.
1942, . .,,. . Moyne , ,.203 .Foreign Office .204 Churchill 1943.205 , . , , ,, , .206 1/02/1943 Sargent. , ,F.O..207 , ,.63
208. , .., . 320 ,
, .., . 346 351. Law,.209,,.Selim
Deringil, Turkish Foreign Policy during the SecondWorldWar,CambridgeUniversity Press,1989,.141149151.210.,,..,.3401.
211 , .., . 326. . ,
19411944, . B, .., . 588595, .13/03/1943 , Eden, ..,..,.,.626630.,RichardLaw .208 , Churchill ,. , .209 ,. F.O. . 2/02/1943,: Times . .210, Churchill .
11943Eden
.21164
212,19411944,.,..,.6302.
213..,.1,.101106.
214Ibid,.1,.226.215,.1,.230.
216.,19411944,..,.226.
Eden., , ForeignOfficeEden,, . ,oEden, ., , ,, .212 43 .213ForeignOffice . 8 .21416Washington Hull, , .215 ,ForeignOffice . , ,, , , ,21665
217,..,.447.
218Ibid,.459. 27 , , Leeper , . , .217 43 Leeper , , . , Leeper , , .218 1943 . ., . , 1947. , 1919. , 1878 66219.19401941,..,.124.
.,1941,,,.1941Eden ..,:
, , . , , .219 , 19401 , ,.,Eden . , . Eden, ForeignOffice , . , ,67
22019401,..,.124.
221..4041
.222,,..,.96.
, .220 41 ., , Palairet .221 . 1941 . 1915 1920, . , , F.O.1941,Cadogan,, .222.15/11/1941. :68
223. Frank Weber, ,
,,1983,.165.224,..,.248.
225Ibid,.248.,. . : , , , , , , , , .223 . Eden, o ,.224 .Eden. , . , .Eden .225 41Sargent ForeignOffice Stalin Eden
25Eden.
, , 41 . , F.O. 30Dixon69
226,..,.254.
227,19411944,.,..,.479480.
228 .
Burse . .,,.,..,.53. .22642NoelBakerNicolsonAngloHellenicParliamentaryCommittee .227 , . Noel Baker ,, .Nicolson,,. , .1942, ... CordellHull, .., . . WashingtonHalifax,, . ForeignOffice., ,,: , .22870
229Eden.
,19411944,..,.218219,,..,.248257.230.,,..,.264266.
231Ibid,.265..,,.,.94.232
. .,,..,.3467. 1942. , . ForeignOffice. Eden, .229Eden23. Eden , .230 Moyne,Eden .231 Churchill.,43 , .232 ,71
233..12.
234
, ., .
20
. ,,1919 233, 1946 .23472235
., ,..7,10/09/1943. . : 1) ,. ., ForeignOffice. 1944, o , . 1943,,
. 19451946.23573
, 2) , , 3) . ,.236,11/08/1944,.8(.1),
/.237,16/08/1944.
238,,,1945,.
150151. , /..,,19/10/44,. 11 1944, . , , .236 , , .237 ,,., , ,,. 18 1944 , . , .238,, ,74
239,18/10/44.
240,17/10/44.
241.,14/11/44.
.239 . , , , .240, , .241 44 . , . . . , , , 75
, . . , , . . , .1 :.50%22%7%2%2%7%10%/76
242..142
.243 1939,
.244,....,
.,, , ,. , , , , . , , . . , , . .., 40, .242 .243 , .,.244 . 19451946.,1949. ,, . 77245
.,,,.,1986,.357358.
. , , ., . : ; 19401 1922 . . 19401 , .245 78
246
:, ..,,,1945.247
. . , 36 49,,,,,2003,.4452.248.,,(..),1946.
,, .246de facto,.247 ,(). () , , . , 19401. ,.24879
249
211944,..,21/11/44.250
, . . , (..), 1949. .....251, ,,
1945.252
. , 6/02/45, 22/04/45, 15/05/45. , ,
20.253
, .., , ,.. , .
281945,,.,1946.254 , ,
:..,1945. .249 , 250., 251. , . , , , .252 , , .253 .254 .
80
255,
, . : , ...,..,.18.256,,(..),1945.
257
, 44 ..,27/09/44.,!258
. .. , , (..), 1945. , . .255 , ,.256 , Wilson, . , , . . , .257 , .. , , .258 , . , , , 81
259. , ;,
,1946.260..,.201
261. ,
,,1/10/1944262.,,
,1945,.184.263.,,(.),1945,.
. ,,,1/10/1944,.21. , ., , 259. ,,,, .260 , .261 :...,, , , ,,,,,.262 , , , . . .263 ,82
264.,,(.),
1945..,..,.359.265,..,.201.
266,,
5 1946, .267Ibid,.36. . , .. .264 . , , , .265 , , 51946,.266 , , ,, , , , .267 83
268..,.810.
269. , :
,.,1946.270.,..,.359.
271.,..,.233,..,.710.
272
,, . 1878 ,., Pavlowitch, 70% . 1885 , . ,. . . ,,,1945, , 18851886,,1963 .268 , .269 .270 , , , .271, , , , , ( ), . , ,
19,
.27284
,,1959..,StefanPavlowitch,AHistoryoftheBalkans18041945,Longman,NewYork1999.273
,,1945, o , ,1946.274.,/,.13,.1.
1, . .273, .. . 2 1946 .. .274 , . , . , , (),85
275,/,.13,.1.
276Ibid277
. , ,(..),1945.278..,.2425.
( ), .275 , , , , ,,.276 , .277.:, , . , , . . . , , .278 . , , . . 1941 . . .86
279,..,Passim.
280,..,.18.
281,..,.8.
282Ibid,.4950.283 , :
, , 1945. .,..,.360,.4. . , , , .279 , . , . . .280 , , ,.281 , , .282 . , .283 .87
284,,(..),1946.
285Ibid,.1011.286
, ..,..,.11.,:[...]..,..,.49.287
, ;, ,1946. .284, , , ,homomeditteraneushomobalcanicus.,, , , . ,, .285 , .286 ,
.287
. (Lebensraum) . , , (88
288,..,.22.
289.,..,.12.
290.,..,.184.
291.,..,.361.
), .288 .,., .289 ,. . ,,, .290, ,, , ,., ., .291 . , 89
292.,..,.25.
293. ,
,19221967,,2006,.178..1943. , . , , . . , , .292 . , ,.293, , , . . . ,193590
294 6 1935
..,,.4,1975,.2967, 19361949, , , ,2003,.5372.295,..,.59.
296
...,.59,,, .,.4,1943297
. , , (..),1946,.24.298..,.2526.
299.,,.6,1987,.1618,
2/06/1945. ,1945.294 , , 1945, , .295 , 1943, .296,,.297, . , , .298 45, ,
.11945,
. , ., , .,,.299Elizabeth91
..BasilKondis,GreekNationalClaimsat theParisPeaceConferenceof1946,BalkanStudies,vol.32,part2,1990,.316,.38.,..,.5960.300ElizabethBarker, 19411947,,1982,.51.301,5/06/1945.
302,3/03/45.
303,12/06/45.
304,16/06/1945.
Barker, 1946,, ,.300 45 .301 , ,. . : , , .30231 45, , 10 , .303 16 45 . .304
12252745
. , , ,92
305,30/06/1945.
306.,..,.60.
307,,.6,1987,.4041.
308. ,
,34,2001,.208. .305 19431946 ., .306 29 45,Cavalcade,, . , , .307. . 19456, . , , , . , .30893
309Stephen Xydis, Greece and the Great Powers 19441947, Institute for Balkan Studies,
Thessaloniki 1963, . 96 Basil Kondis, Greek National Claims at the Paris PeaceConferenceof1946,BalkanStudies,vol.32,part2,.314310.StephenXydis,..,.
99. . ,24/03/1945.31161945.B.Xydis,..
194619451946 . ,. 1945.,1945.309 , , , . ,.310 45 , .311 . 20 , , 94
312StephenXydis,..,.99.
313,22/06/1945.
314,30/06/1945
315.BasilKondis,..,.314.
316,4/07/1945
317,5/07/1945
318,.
,..,1958,.429..312,
22
,.313 ,, , , .314 19451946 , . .315 , . 45 .316, . , .317 6 , ,.318 1941, ,95
319
, .. . , S. PhocasCosmetatos,LaGrecedevantlaConferencedelaPaix,Paris1945,.2930, .320.StephenXydis,..,.100.
, , .319 13 1945 ., . . . . , . , .320 , ., , , . , . . , , ,,, , . , 96
321,1314/07/1945.
322, 14/07/1945.
. ,.323
, 45 . , 18/07/1945 . .,,18/07/1945,18/07/1945.324.,19451949.
19401950.,,2006,.353..,.13 14 , .,
.321,14,
, , , .322 .323 , , , , ,1945.324, 17/072/08/1945. 17 .Truman , , . ,Stalin Churchill . , , 97
325StephenXydis,..,.110111.
326Ibid,.110.327 Iatrides, J. Ambassador MacVeagh Reports. Greece, 19331947, New Jersey, PrincetonUniversityPress,1972.328,21/07/1945.
329Ibid.330StephenXydis,..,.113..325 20 , ,,, . , .326 , MacVeagh Grew19 , , .327
21Stalin
Churchill. News Chronicle. .328 ,., 1939.329, ,,,.23Churchill .330 , , . ,98
331,.113.
332,5/08/1945.
333.,7/08/1945. ,
, .334,16/08/1945.
335StephenXydis,..,.122.336StephenXydis,..,.122.337..,.124125.
338,.124.
,.331 ,5, .332 , .333
16
.334 20, , .335 , 13.336,, .337 , , . . , .33899
339
..,..,.56., ., , , .340StephenXydis,..,.125.341..,.125.
342StephenXydis,..,.125.343,
,,...,.125. .339 .340, statusquo,., , . . , .341 , , .. .342,, . ,, ,.343 , , .,100
344,22/08/1945.
345
12 45.,, . 45 , . , . ., 31/08/1945 Ole Smith, 19451949,,1992,.165183.346 Basil Kondis, .., . 314. . 8 Bevin 13 Byrnes.Molotov..StephenXydis,..,.130., 45 ,. Bevin. ,. ,
22
.344 ,345 45, .,1945., . , 45 , , ,
.346,101
,.,,.,..,.3338.347Kondis,.314.348
. . , . . . 45.19 .., ..,1946.19401950.,.,,2006,.308.349StephenXydis,.131.350,21/09/1945.
, , .347Molotov , ,,
.19
.20 Byrnes, Bevin Bidault ,,, .348 , , ,.349 , .350
7 , 1
. , 45102
351,,.6,1987,.8385.
352Ibid,.84.353.,..,.8485,3/10/1945.
354
9/1121/12/1945..StephenXydis,..,.141143.355
. 1917 ,. 1943. ..356.,
,14/11/1945./,.10(.3),/.
7
, ., .351,., , . , .352 , , ,.353 45 .354 14 , 355, .356 , ., ., 103
357 , 2/12 ,
. / , .. .. , , (..), 1951, . 320332. , . . . , ,(..),1945.358StephenXydis,..,.141.359/,.10(.3),/.
360..
361Ibid.362
,,.357 , .358 .359 24/01/1946. , 1945. , 1945 . 45. . : , , , .360 , .361 . , .362
104
. ./,.10(.3),/.363Ibid.364
, , . .. . , , . . ., , , . , , . 90.000.800.000. , . , .363 14.000 . 430.000 . ..364 , . . . , ,105365./,.10(.3),1945./.
,500.000. , . , , , 3.500 . 70.000 .365 , , , . , . 19401. , , ,,, , . , . , . . () . 106
366
../,.10 (. 3), / . 20 45, ., , , ...97.367,17/11/1945.
368 . ,
,,19461967,,2001,.59.369,23/11/1945.
, , . . , .366 17 45 . . , . , , .... , . ,, . ....367 22 45,368 , .369 .107
370,29/11/1945.
371,12/12/1945.
372,5/12/1945..,,
,1985,.6572137174.,,1970,.364.373,.6,.
374..
375,.6,.
.37011/12/1945.371 31 1946, 1948.372151945, , .373 . . , .374 , . . ., . , 41 :, .375108
376,19/12/1945.
377.OleSmith,:,,..122,31/03/1979,.
3036. , ,(19451963),,1992,.256,.51. , , ,. . ..,1/04/1946. 45 . , , , .37646 1946 40. ., ,
2
46.377, . . 46,. . .., 46 109
378 .. .
,,1946195219401950,,..,.487527.379
. , (19441947), ., , 1998, . 179 290. , 4545.380
. , , (19451963),,1992..,,22/01/1946.381StephenXydis,..,.164167.382,22/01/1946,,.6,,
1987,.168171.383
, 24/01/1946. . : , , ... : ,.....378.
311946
, .379 20 4614.380 .. 21 46. , ., , .381 .. ,., , !.382 , .383 ,
110
384..,24/01/1946.
385
2 , Ole Smith. .OleSmith, 19451949, , 1992, . 172. . , . , :1946.,2006.386.,12/02/1946.
387.,..,.61.
388,8/02/1946.
389,19/03/1946.
. , , ., .., , , .384 46 .385 .386 , ( )387 . 8 , , .388 , .389 111
390,10/03/1946,,11/03/1946.
391. , , . 6, , 1987, . 172184
,17/02/1946.. 19467 . , , , 194647,,,2005.392.HeinzRichter,
194549,L.Baerentzen,. OleSmith,,1992,.185194.,19451949,1940, , . , , 1984, . 341382,
2/(19471949).393.,,1978,
.199. .390
2 1215
1946 .391 .392,311946, . . . . , 46 , .393 . 112
394.,.11(.1),/..
395..
396,.11(.1),/..
397..98.340.
398 45
...9698.399
,.,.., . , 2000, . 126. .,..,.2425. , .1646,
31
1946.394 . . , .395 , , . , , : . [...] . .396 , .397 , , 398, . , (. ) .399,,,,.113
400,.11(.1),/..
401. , 24/03/1946 , 25/03/1946. .
,,..,.69.402.,1/04/1946.
403,.11(.1),/..
, ,
31,.400
, .401 , . , .402
31
.,. .403 . , , . , . ,,,,,,,. (55,16%/ 260), , . , (19,68%/68 ).114
404 , ,
19451963, .., . 249. 46 ,Ibid.405..
., . , ....,,.,1994,.105109.,,
31 , , 4 ... .,.,..,.120.406,.11(.1),/..
407.. ,
,.408.,,16/04/1946,23/05/1946.
409,.11 (.1),/..
. , ,,.34,2001,.201,.26.410,9/05/1946.
411,8/05/1946.
(14,39%/48),(5,96%/20).404 18 1946 .4053,,
31.406,
, .407, 46. . .408, .409
.4108 46
,
.411115
412,5/05/1946.
413.
414,18/06/1946.
415,16/05/1946.,.
11(.1),/..416Ibid.417,17/05/1946.,.
11(.1),/.. 5 46 .412 , , , , .413 . 1746.414 ,
31
. 16, 17 18. 16 , .415..,., .416
17
.417 116
418.StephenXydis,..,.196.
419,18/05/1946.,.
11(.1),/..420
., , .421,18/05/1946.,.
11(.1),/..422
.
. 31..,..,.69.423,22/05/1946.,.
11(.1),/.. .418 , , , , . . , .419 .420 , .421, , 22 23 . 22 . 422, .423 , 117
424,22/05/1946.,.
11(.1),/..425
. . 6 , 4 ...,..,.69.426,23/05/1946.,.
11(.1),/..427.
.424, 46 ,. . .425
23
: , , . .426 , ,, .
23 .
,, .42746, , 25, 8 . , 118
428. , 16/06/1946, /
.,.11(.1),/..429,6/06/1946.
430 . ,
19401950,,..,.383398.431,18/06/1946.
432, 19/06/1946. . 8 ,
. !., . 46 , , , , . , , .4286 .429, . . 46
.430 18
, .431
19,
.432119
433
.StephenXydis,..,.231256.434.,30/06/1946,,1/07/1946.
. . . , . ,
BidaultByrnes1,
Bevin, Molotov 4 .433 , , , , . ., Bevin , . , , .434 14 , , Sunday imes 120
435,.13(.1),/.
436Ibid.437,.13(.1),/.
438,.13(.1),/.
439
. . StephenXydis,..,.270. .435 . 19 , .436 .,
29.437,
35. .20, .438 . , .439 , , . , , , . , . ,121
440,,
.13(.1),/.441,21/07/1946.
442,.13(.1),/.
443 Ibid. . StephenXydis,.., .271, . , 14
.44021
.441 , , , .442 Samuel Reber .443 Reber , , . , . , .. . ,
.27,
, . 122
444.,,.11 (.
1),/,27/07/1946.445,28/07/1946.
446,31/07/1946.
447.StephenXydis,..,.272.
, ,,, , . . , , , . , , .444 ,, .445 .31 , .446, , . ,.447123
448
, . , : . , . , ., . , . , . , . . :.,.,... . . . ,.13(.1),/.449.,1/08/1946
StephenXydis,..,.272.450.StephenXydis,..,.272.
, . . . , 448 , , ,.449., Byrnes Atlee.450 . Byrnes, Atlee . .., . 3 . : ,124
451,4/08/1946.
452.BasilKondis,..,.320.
45313Epoque,
. . , . 13 (.1), /.454.,10/08/1946.
455,.16(.1),/.
, .451 , 700.000.000 .452, , , . .453 , .454 8 , , , EdvardKardelj . , .Kardelj , .455 , . 125
456 40 .
,40,,1999.4571951.
458,.16(.1),/.
. Kardelj , . ,, . .Kardelj , .. . . . , .456 . 46,, 9 457 . . . , , .458126
459.StephenXydis,..,.280.
460.,13/08/1946.
461,13/08/194615/08/1946.
, , Vyshinsky , .459 , . 42., 12 , .460 , .461 , , ,,.,, . 14 .KulishevGeorgieff.Kulishev. . ,Kulishev,127
462 .
,;,..,,..463. , . 13 (. 1), /
,15/08/1946.464.StephenXydis,..,.281.
465Ibid..462 , Kulishev , . , .46314 DimitriManuilsky, 1/10 1/3 .Manuilsky . Byrnes, . Byrnes , , .464Molotov, , .,, , , , .465 ,. . 17 128
466,17/08/1946.
467,17/08/1946.
468,17/08/1946
469,21/08/1946.
.466,. , , .,,.467Molotov
. 17
, .468 . ., .20, .
.469 21
.
22,
, 129
470Ibid,22/08/1946.
47122.,
.13(.1),/.472.,.13(.1),/.
473,.13(.1),/.
.470 .471 40 .472, . ,
28.,
. .,. . 23 , , .Matin,,.473Monde , / . Le Pays , . Figaro . L aube : 21: . Mauilsky . , Laurore130
474,24/08/1946.
475,24/08/1946.
476Ibid.477,24/08/1946.
478.,25/08/1946.
. Humanite 21 Manuilsky . 24 . , , .474 . , ,.475 , , :.,,,;.476 Manuilsky , .477 , ,17 . , 25 ..,, .478 131
479
. , . 13 (. 1), /.480,,
(),...,27/08/1946. .. . , , 19461952 19401950,,,1984., . , . .479 25 Daily Mail Manuilsky, .Figaro, , . Matin .Epoque . Humanite .LeMonde .. 29/820/9.480 , , . , , .5132
481,6/09/1946.
.StephenXydis,..,.335346.482StephenXydis,..,.345.483,10/09/1946.
. , , .481 Sir Alexander Cadogan . , , 46.482 Johnson, 9 . .,
1,Cadogan,
Johnson , , . , , . . 1011, , . . 10 , o .483 133
484Ibid.
485.,31/08/1946.
486,.13(.1),/.
.
12
. , .484. 30 .485 , .MolotovPijade.,,, . 1272,..Epoque
25.,
, Molotov.486MatinMolotov .FranceLibre , .,.134
487.StephenXydis,..,.319.
488,4/09/1946.
489. , 5/09/1946, ,
StephenXydis,..,.323326.490,7/09/1946.
, , Byrnes , .487, , .
, 3
.488 . 3 7 . Kolarov . ,. .489 , , . , .490, , , , .,135
491StephenXydis,.326.
492 7
.B.Xydis,.366.493., 8/09/1946.,
.494.,17/09/1946.
495,28/09/1946 Xydis, .371.
,, . DimitriS.Constantopoulos,TheParisPeaceConferenceof1946and theGreekBulgarianRelations, ,1956.496
23 , . , . .,23241946.52. , , 21 Plovdiv (), .4917 , .492, , , .493 Bevin 9 Byrnes13.16
7
.494 , 28 . , , , .495
.496136497
.,27/09/1946. . . . Xydis, .369., , ..,1/10/1946. , . 26 ,, , ., , , , , 21, , . . , , , .497 46, .
1
.
1,
statusquo . ,..,.498498.,2/10/1946.137
, ,
. 2
. , .499 4,,,, . , Byrnes, .500 11, , , , , Cannon, .501 : , . , Cannon, . , , , , , ., Cannon , .,, , ,.502499,3/10/1946. , . .. ., ;, ,,1946.500,.13(.1),/..,
,8/10/1946,8/10/1946.501,.13(.1),/.
502,.13(.1),/.
138
, 15 . , 3 46
.503 , 4
1946 , . , , ,,,.504 ..,, .505 . , . , , 25, , ..506,,, , . , , . , . ,.,503.,4/12/1946.
504Ibid.505,.13(.1),/.
506..,
18/10/1946,,.13(.1),/.139
. , , ,.1946, . , ,1919., , 1946 , . . ,. , .140
:;507 . 20 1946 , ,.508 , , . . 1945, . , 46 .509 .510 ,507
07,&.508,20/09/1946.
509. , ,
19461952,..,.487527.510SusannahVerney,TheGreekAssociationwith theEuropeanCommunity:a strategyofstate AntonioCostaPinto NunoSeverianoTeixeira (ed.),SouthernEurope and theMakingofEuropeanUnion,19451980s,ColumbiaUniversityPress,NewYork2002,.109156.141
, .. , . , 47 , . ...511 ., , 1947, , .512 , . 1948....,513 . , . , 40 , 511
VeremisThanosConstasDimitris,ThebeginningoftheDiscussiononEuropeanUnioninGreece LipgensWalter LothWilfried (ed.),Documents on theHistory ofEuropeanIntegration,vol.3,WalterdeGruyter,BerlinNewYork1988,.801825.512
, . 16 (. 1), / . ..125.513VeremisThanosConstasDimitris,ThebeginningoftheDiscussiononEuropeanUnioninGreece LipgensWalter LothWilfried (ed.),Documents on theHistory ofEuropeanIntegration,vol.3,..,.801825.142
. , .143
.
1.
,.10(.3),.11(.1),.11(.1),.13
(.1),.16(.1)./,.6..
2.
,19441946.
,19451946
,,,,,,, , ,, , , :19451946().
.
1..,,(.),1948.2. ,
19401950,,,1984.
3...,,1959.4.,,
,1945.144
5. ,
40,,1999.6..,,1945.7.,,
,,1966.8. , ,
,,1999.9. ,,19251926,...,
198210.WeberFrank,,
,,1983.11. , ,
51946.
,..12. ,
,:..,1945.13..,...,
1897,,1999.
14. ,, (19451963),,1992.
15. , .
1897 1957,..,1958.
16. , (18941964): ,
,1970.17. , 19411944,
,1991.
18. , , , ,,1996.
19. , ,
,1976.145
20. 19401941, ,
1980.21. , , (.),
1946.22. , 19451949.
19401950. ,,1984.
23. 20
, ,.12,,2007.
24.,.,.25.,.,,2000.26. . ,
,,
28
1945,.,1946.27. , , ,
1945.28.,31/03/19424/01/1945,,
200329. , 19391944,
,..,1964.30. , , 194647,,,2005.
31. . , ;,
,1946.32. . , ,
,1945.33. ,
,...,1999.
34.,19191967,,1977.35.,,.,.4,1943.
146
36.,,
1946195219401950,,,1984.
37. , ,
,1946.38..,19171918,
...,2000.39.,,
,1978.40..,,(.),1945.41. ,
,,1988.
42. , .
, : 1946,,2006.
43. ,
,(.),1945.44.,,.,
1994.45. , 1946.
19401950.,.,,1984.
46. , ,
,1945.47. , ;,
,,1946.48.,19361941,,1969,
.2.
49. , , . , ,1950,.4.
50. , (19461949)
,,1993.147
51. Barker Elizabeth,
19411947 , ,1982.
52. . ,
18851886, ,1963
53. , :
,,.,1946.54. , . .
,(..),1949.55. , , ,19461967,,2001.
56. , :
, ,1945.
57.
, , ,1/10/1944.
58. ,
, 19221967, ,2006.
59...,;,
,,1946.60. , ,
,1946.61. , , ,
1945.62.,,
,,1988
63.,.(),
20
. 19221940. .2, ,2003148
64. ,
, ,,2005
65. . .(), 19401944, ForeignOffice371,.19401943,,,2002.
66. , ,
1978.67.,,(.),
1946.68. , ,
,,2004.69. ,, . 19351944 . 1945
1947,1949,1952,,1979.70. ., , (.),
1945.71.,,
(18301880),,1988.72. Smith le,
19451949,,1992.
73.,,(..),1945.
74. , (19441947),
.,,1998.75.,,.4,1975.76.,,.6,1987.77. ., 19121934,
.
78...,,(.),194679.,,,1946.
149
80. , 19411944, ,
1949.81. , 19411944, ,
,1990,.,,1.82.,
19361949, , ,,2003.
83. ,
3649,, , , ,2003.
84.,
,,.,1986.
85.,,(..),1946.
1. Barker Elizabeth, British Policy in South East Europe in the SecondWorldWar,Macmillan,London1976.
2. Constantopoulos S., The Paris Peace Conference of 1946 and the Greek BulgarianRelations,,1956
3.PhocasCosmetatosS.,LeGrecedevantlaConferencedelaPaix,Paris1945.4.HelmreichPaul,FromParistoSevres,thePartitionoftheOttomanEmpireatthePeaceConferenceof19191920,OhioStateUniversityPress,1974.
5.Iatrides,J.AmbassadorMacVeaghReports.Greece,19331947,NewJersey,Princeton
UniversityPress,1972.6.KitsikisDimitri,Propagande etPressions enPolitique Internationale: LaGrece et sesrevendicationsalaConferencedelaPaix(19191920),Paris(P.U.F.)1963.
7.NicolsonHarold,Peacemaking1919,UniversityPaperbacks,London1964.
8.PipinelisM.P.,EuropeandtheAlbanianQuestion,Chicago,Argonaut1963.150
9.ProcopisPapastratis,BritishPolicytowardsGreeceduringtheSecondWorldWar19411944,CambridgeUniversityPress1984.
10. ,MegaliIdeaandMareNostrum,AspectsofGreekandItalianNationalism,
.11. Pavlowitch Stefan,AHistory of the Balkans 18041945, Longman,New York
1999.12. PetsalisDiomidisN.,Greece at the Paris Peace Conference, Institute for Balkan
Studies,Thessaloniki1978.13. SharpAlan, The genie thatwould not go back into the bottle,National self
determinationandthe legacyoftheFirstWorldWarandthePeaceSettlementEuropeandEthnicity,WorldWarIandContemporaryEthnicConflict,editedbySeamusDunnandT.G.Fraser,Routledge,1996.
14. Venizelos Eleftherios, Greece before the Peace Congress 1919,
.15. Veremis Thanos Constas Dimitris, The beginning of the Discussion on
EuropeanUnioninGreeceLipgensWalterLothWilfried(ed.),DocumentsontheHistoryofEuropeanIntegration,vol.3,WalterdeGruyter,BerlinNewYork1988.
16. Verney Sussanah, The Greek Associationwith the European Community: a
strategy of state AntonioCostaPinto Nuno SeverianoTeixeira (ed.),Southern Europe and the Making of European Union , 19451980s, ColumbiaUniversityPress,NewYork2002.
17.XydisStephen,GreeceandtheGreatPowers19441947,InstituteforBalkanStudies,
Thessaloniki1963.
.
1.JoachimG.Joachim,EleftheriosVenizelosattheParisPeaceConference:triumphor disaster?, Thetis, Manncheimer Beitrge zur klassischen Archologie undGeschichteGriechenlandsundZyperns?,Band4,Manncheim1997.151
2. Kondis Basil, GreekNational Claims at the Paris Peace Conference of 1946,BalkanStudies,vol.32,part2.
3. , :
, ,.34,2001.
4. ,
(19411944),,.20(1998).5. ,
91942,,.7(19781979)
6. ,
,,.13(2002)7.SmithOle,:,,..122,31/03/1979.
152
Top Related