Introduction to Engineering Professional Practice Seminar · word ἠθικόςethikos, which is...

Omer Majeed, P.Eng., January 11th, 2017MCG4340 Mechanical Engineering Laboratory

Introduction to Engineering Professional Practice SeminarUniversity of Ottawa, Winter Term 2017

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Agenda – Introduction to Professional Practice Seminar

Photo courtesy of Bombardier Flight Test Center

Outline, Objectives and Other Pertinent Topics

Preliminary Schedule

Biography, Company Story and Current Projects

Competence: A Brief Discussion

An Introduction to Ethics

PEO Code of Ethics and Discussion

What Is a Professional Engineer?

Selected Case Studies in Failure

Concluding Remarks

References


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Outline, Objectives and Other Pertinent Topics


Outline:

Professional engineering practice and ethics

Societal and environmental obligations of the engineer

Workplace health and safety

Objectives:

Definition and discussion on professional engineering

Definition and discussion on the PEO Code of Ethics

Listen, learn, discuss and debate based on presentations from outsidepracticing engineers in industry and government.

Other Pertinent Topics:

Lifelong learning, career development, work/life balance, working inteams, systems engineering, project management, business, creativity,inventions, patenting, law, marketing/communication, HR,communication, working environment, global nature of business, travel.


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Preliminary Schedule



Date Time Topic Speaker

Jan. 11 2:30 PM Introduction Omer Majeed, SRS

Jan. 18 2:30 PM Professional Practice in a Government R&D Role Jeff Bird, NRC

Jan. 25 2:30 PM No Class

Feb. 1 2:30 PM TBD

Feb. 8 2:30 PM An Engineer's Challenges with Entrepreurship

Tariq Maksoud, Co-Founder & Lead

Mechanical Engineer, Tahi Technologies

Feb. 15 2:30 PM Biomedical Research and Engineering for Solutions

Ed Lemaire, Ottawa Hospital Rehabilitation

Center

Feb. 22 2:30 PM Reading Week - No Class

Mar. 1 2:30 PM TBD

Mar. 8 2:30 PM TBD

Mar. 15 2:30 PM TBD

Mar. 22 2:30 PM Ethics, Entrepreneurship and Engineering

Greg Clunis & Patrick Trahan, Integral DX

Engineering

Mar. 29 2:30 PM TBD

Mar. 31 Anytime Faculty of Engineering Research ("Poster") Day

Natalie Baddour, Graduate Students of the

Faculty

Apr. 5 2:30 PM Evaluation and Wrap-Up Omer Majeed, SRS

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Biography


Owner of Specific RangeSolutions Ltd.

Over 17 years of aircraft airsystems experience.

Contributed to Global Express,Q400, Challenger 300, A380,Global 7000, C Series programs.

B.Eng. & M.Eng. (Aerospace)

P.Eng. with PEO, SRS has PEOCertificate of Authorization.

TC Commercial Pilot Licence


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Four Years in Toulouse on the A380 Program



Eight years ago in Toulouse:

Omer: A380 bleed air systemsengineer and project manager.

Developing conversation withinindustry regarding means toincrease operational efficiency andto reduce environmental impact.

Why?

Increasing fuel prices.

Recognition of aviation’s impact onclimate change.

Today in Ottawa:

Two engineers, leading two R&Dteams, working on four projects.

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The Specific Range Solutions Story…


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1. iPad-based Flight Advisory System(FAS) to reduce turboprop fuel burn andemissions

2. iPhone-based app to identify source ofaircraft engine noise

3. iPhone-based app to reduce distracteddriving

4. Aircraft Cabin Air Quality Sensor

Current R&D Projects


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Competence: A Brief Discussion


Chris Hadfield (1959 - )

Engineer and ex-militarytest pilot

First Canadian astronautto walk in space

Former commander of ISS

Author , musician andeducator


Chesley Sullenberger (1951 - )

Airline captain (retired)

Aviation safety consultant

Pilot of US Airways 1549“Miracle on the Hudson”

Elsie MacGill (1905 - 1980)

First Canadian womanelectrical engineer (UoT,1927)

First woman aeronauticalengineer (UoM, 1929)

“Queen of the Hurricanes”

Advocate for the rights ofwomen

Ada Lovelace (1815 - 1852)

Daughter of Lord Byronand Lady Wentworth

Mathematician andphilosopher, believed inimportance of intuition andimagination

Published first machinealgorithm

Considered first computerprogrammer/scientist

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An Introduction to Ethics


Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, andrecommending concepts of right and wrong conduct. The term ethics derives from the Ancient Greekword ἠθικός ethikos, which is derived from the word ἦθος ethos (habit, "custom"). The branch ofphilosophy axiology comprises the sub-branches of ethics and aesthetics, each concerned with values.

As a branch of philosophy, ethics investigates the questions "What is the best way for people tolive?" and "What actions are right or wrong in particular circumstances?" In practice, ethics seeksto resolve questions of human morality, by defining concepts such as good and evil, right and wrong,virtue and vice, justice and crime.

Virtue ethics describes the character of a moral agent as a driving force for ethical behavior, and is usedto describe the ethics of Socrates, Aristotle, and other early Greek philosophers. Socrates (469–399 BC)was one of the first Greek philosophers to encourage both scholars and the common citizen to turn theirattention from the outside world to the condition of humankind. In this view, knowledge bearing onhuman life was placed highest, while all other knowledge were secondary. Self-knowledge wasconsidered necessary for success and inherently an essential good.

Aristotle (384–323 BC) posited an ethical system that may be termed "self-realizationism". In Aristotle'sview, when a person acts in accordance with his nature and realizes his full potential, he will do goodand be content.

- From Wikipedia


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PEO Code of Ethics


The Code of Ethics is a basic guide for professional conduct and imposes duties on practitioners, withrespect to:

society;

employers;

clients;

colleagues, including employees and subordinates;

the engineering profession; and

himself/herself.

Section 77 of Regulation 941 states that "it is the duty of a practitioner to the public, to the practitioner'semployer, to the practitioner's clients, to other licensed engineers of the practitioner's profession, and tothe practitioner to act at all times with,

i. fairness and loyalty to the practitioner's associates, employers, clients, subordinates andemployees;

ii. fidelity to public needs;

iii. devotion to high ideals of personal honour and professional integrity;

iv. knowledge of developments in the area of professional engineering relevant to any services thatare undertaken; and

v. competence in the performance of any professional engineering services that are undertaken.”


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What is a Professional Engineer?


The practice of professional engineering is defined in Section 1 of the Professional Engineers Act andcomprises three tests. Professional engineering is:

1. any act of designing, composing, evaluating, advising, reporting, directing or supervising;

2. wherein the safeguarding of life, health, property or the public welfare

3. that requires the application of engineering principles, but does not include practising as a naturalscientist.

If what you do meets all three tests, you are practising professional engineering and must be licensed bythe association.

Like medical or legal professionals, professional engineers are licensed, and are accountable for theirwork. Their duty is to serve and protect the public welfare where engineering is concerned.Professional engineers subscribe to a strict code of ethics and practice standards. The practice of theprofession is regulated by Professional Engineers Ontario.

In Canada, the title "professional engineer"; is restricted by law. In Ontario, only those individuals whohave demonstrated that they possess the necessary qualifications and have been licensed by PEO canuse the title, which is often abbreviated as "P.Eng."

From PEO website: www.peo.on.ca

Each province and territory in Canada has its own regulatory body, except Nunavut.


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Selected Case Studies in Failure


NASA Challenger Accident

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster

Ford Pinto

http://www.engineering.com/Library/ArticlesPage/tabid/85/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/166/Ford-Pinto.aspx

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PAI5T8UecEY

Kansas City Hyatt Walkway Collapse

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyatt_Regency_walkway_collapse

Tacoma Narrows Bridge

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3mclp9QmCGs

http://www.math.harvard.edu/archive/21b_fall_03/tacoma/

Quebec Bridge – Iron Ring http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec_Bridge

Ariane 5 Flight 501 Failure

http://www-users.math.umn.edu/~arnold/disasters/ariane5rep.html

https://around.com/ariane.html

Nipigon River Bridge Failure

http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/thunder-bay/nipigon-river-bridge-closed-transcanada-1.3397831

Algo Centre Mall Roof Collapse https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algo_Centre_Mall


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NASA Challenger Accident


Summary:

On January 28, 1986 at Cape Canaveral, Florida, Space Shuttle Challenger broke apart 73 secondsafter lift-off, all seven crew members died.

In-depth investigation by the Rogers Commission

Direct cause was the failure of an O-ring on the right-hand Solid Rocket Booster (SRB) whichallowed hot gases to impinge upon the SRB aft attachment point and the external fuel tank.

Detailed Findings:

O-rings and joints were known to have design flaws, qualified to 4oC. Temperature was -1oC on themorning of the launch.

Morton Thiokol engineers objected to launching under forecast conditions, Roger Boisjoly, BobEbeling and three others argued that the risk was too high and recommended against launch.

NASA managers pressured Morton Thiokol’s management into approving launch.

As the shuttle ascended, wind gust hit the vehicle, resulting in higher structural loads and causingbreech of O-ring seal on the right-hand side SRB.

NASA's organizational culture and decision-making processes were key contributing factors to theaccident, with the agency violating its own safety rules. “Acceptable flight risk” “Normalization ofdeviance”

Questions: N.B. We have 20/20 hindsight. How does one manage risk in real time?

Why were the warnings of the five Morton Thiokol engineers not heeded?

Why did NASA management put a higher priority on schedule rather than safety?


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Kansas City Hyatt Walkway Collapse


Summary:

On July 17, 1981 in Kansas City, Missouri, fourth floor walkway collapsed and fell on to second floorwalkway during a party.

114 people died and 216 were injured, the deadliest structural collapse in U.S. history to that date.

Modified design put twice the load on the beam and beam nuts compared to the original

Detailed Findings:

Tie rods were 1.25” in diameter.

Original design had fourth floor walkway weight held by nuts and tie rods.

Original design had second floor walkway weight held by same tie rods.

Subtle change to design enabled easier installation.

New design: one set of tie rods to suspend fourth floor walkway.

New design: second set of tie rods to suspend second floor walkway, attached to the fourth.

But load on beam and beam nut doubled. And tie rods passed through welds of two C-channels.

Lack of proper communication between Jack D. Gillum and Associates and Havens Steel.

Jack D. Gillum failed to review initial design fully, as well as modifications.

Questions:

Who should have been responsible for ensuring the engineering calculations were correct?

How could these costly errors have been avoided?


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Ariane Flight 501 Failure


Summary:

On June 4, 1996 at Kourou, French Guiana, first launch of vehicle type, carried four scientificsatellites.

Vehicle veered sharply after 39 seconds of flight and self-destruct sequence was triggered.

Steering was controlled by the On-Board Computer (OBC) which received erroneous informationfrom the Inertial Reference System (IRS) resulting from a software error.

Detailed Findings:

Value of Horizontal Bias (HB) was higher on Ariane 5 compared to Ariane 4

Calculation was part of alignment function used prior to launch.

Operand Error occurred. No data protection for HB variable.

IRS software exception was caused during execution of a data conversion from 64-bit floating pointto 16-bit signed integer value.

Stand-by IRS failed first, followed by active IRS.

OBC received a diagnostic code from active IRS thinking it was actual flight data and commanded asteering input leading to an angle of attack greater than 20o, leading to high aerodynamic loads.

Questions:

How could this failure have been avoided?

How do software or system failures differ from classic mechanical or structural failures?


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Concluding Remarks


Outline:

Professional engineering practice and ethics

Societal and environmental obligations of the engineer

Workplace health and safety

Suggestions:

Engage in class discussions and debates.

Explore these concepts further, information is just a Google search and a click away.

Deepen your engagement by joining technical societies such as SAE, CASI, CMBES,CSCE, ASM, etc.

Read a book! See References.

Questions:

What are your professional aspirations?

How would you like to contribute to society?

What kind of organization do you want belong to?

What is your ideal work-life balance?


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References


Henry Petroski, To Engineer is Human: The Role of Failure in Successful Design, 1982 or laterversion

Lionel Laroche, Managing Cultural Diversity in Technical Professions, Butterworth Heineman, 2003

Samuel C. Florman , The Existential Pleasures of Engineering, St. Martin's Griffin, 1996

David McCullough, The Wright Brothers, Simon & Schuster, 2015


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