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Fiber Formulas
Commonly used fibre formulas and reference guides used by the textile fibre industry.
Fiber Formulae
Name Description
Micronaire value of cotton (Micrograms per
inch)
Average weight of 1 inch of fibre in
Micrograms (1/1000,000 gms)
Denier (for man-made fibres) Weight in gms per 9000 metres of fibre
Micron (micro-metre) (μm) (fibre diameter)
(normally for Wool)0.001 mm
Denier 0.354 x Micronaire value
Micronaire Value 2.824 x Denier
Fibre diameter ( μ ) 11.3 x √ ( dtex / sp.gr) = 11.9 x √ (den / sp.gr)
Tenacity values: Kg / mm29 x (g/den) x Sp.gr. = RKM value x Sp.gr. =
(g/tex) x Sp.gr.
Tenacity Conversion
Tenacity Conversions (Free Strength) g = gms
g/den g/tex g/dtex cN/tex
g/den 1 ( g/tex ) / 9 ( g/dtex ) x 10 / 9 ( cN/tex ) x 0.113
g/tex ( g/den ) x 9 1 ( g/dtex ) x 10 ( cN/tex ) x 1.02
g/dtex ( g/den ) x 0.9 ( g/tex ) / 10 1 ( cN/tex ) x 0.102
cN/tex ( g/den ) / 0.113 ( g/tex ) / 1.02 ( g/dtex ) / 0.102 1
Spinning Formulas
Textile calculationsPage 1
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Formulas used for yarn spinning production including various yarn numbering system
conversions
Common Formulas
Grams per Meter 0.5905 / Ne
Grams per Yard 0.54 / Ne
Tex den x .11 = 1000/Nm = Mic/25.4
Ne Nm/1.693
DRAFT (feed weight in g/m) / (delivery weight in g/m)
DRAFT Tex (feed)/Tex(delivery)
DRAFT delivery roll surface speed/feed roll surface speed
No. of hanks delivered by m/c (Length delivered in m/min)/1.605grams per meter = 0.5905/Ne
Drawframe
Break draft surface speed of 2nd roller / surface speed of back roller
Main draft surface speed of 1st roller / surface speed of 2nd( middle) roller
Total draft surface speed of delivery roller / surface of feed roller
Production in kgs / 8 hrs
(0.2836 x L x effy x Nd) / (Ne)
L - delivery speed in m/min
effy - efficiency
Ne - english count
Nd - No of delvieries
Production in kgs / hr (FRD x FRrpm x 3.14 x 60 x effy x Nd) / (Ne x 840 x 36 x 2.2045)
FRD - front roller dia in inches
FRrpm - front roller rpm
effy - efficiency
Textile calculationsPage 2
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Ne - Sliver hank
Nd - number of deliveries
Winding
Production in kgs / 8 hrs
(0.2836 x L x effy x Nd) / (Ne)
L - delivery speed in m/min
effy - efficiency
Ne - english count
Nd - No of delvieries
Production in kgs / hr
( L x 1.0936 x 60 x effy ) / (hank (Ne) x 36 x 840 x 2.2045)
L - delivery speed in m/min
effy- efficiency
Ne - English count ( number of 840 yards in one pound)
840 - constant
2.2045- to convert from lbs to kilograms
Carding
Production in kgs / hr
( L x 1.0936 x 60 x effy ) / (hank (Ne) x 36 x 840 x 2.2045)
L - delivery speed in m/min
effy- efficiency
Ne - English count ( number of 840 yards in one pound)
840 - constant
2.2045- to convert from lbs to kilograms
Production in kgs / hr (L x Ktex x 60 x effy) / ( 1000 )
L - delivery speed in m/min
Textile calculationsPage 3
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Ktex- sliver count in Ktex (kilotex)
effy - efficiency
1000- to convert to kilograms from grams
Production in kgs / 8 hrs
(0.2836 x L x effy) / (Ne)
L - delivery speed in m/min
effy - efficiency
Ne - English count
Production / 8 hrs
(Hank x Nd) /( Ne x 2.2045)
Hank = no of hank (840 yards)delivered by the machine
Nd = no of deliveries
Ne = hank of the material
Total draft in card (feed weight in g/m) / (sliver weight in g/m)
Speedframe & Ringframe
Twist / Inch (TPI)
Spindle speed / FRS
FRS - front roller surface speed in inches/mi
FRS = FRrpm x 3.14 x FRD
FRS - Front roller surface speed
FRD - front roller diamete
T.P.I
T.M. x sqrt(count or hank)
T.M. - Twist multiplier
sqrt - square root
Production in kgs / 8 hrs
(7.2 x SS x effy) / (TPI x Ne x 1000)
SS - spindle speed
Textile calculationsPage 4
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Spindle speed m/min x TPI x 39.37
Hank delivered spindle speed / ( tpi x 62.89)
Ring traveller speed in m/sec (spindle speed x ring dia in mm x 3.14) / (60 x 1000)
Yarn Conversions
Various yarn numbering systems and conversion formulas and tables for easy reference
English/Metric Conversion Table: Length
Inch Yard Centimeter Meter
Inch 0.278 2.54 0.0254
Yard 36 91.44 0.9144
Centimeter 0.3937 0.011 0.01
Meter 39.37 1.094 100
English/Metric Conversion Table: Mass/Force
Ounce Pound Gram Centi-Newton Newton
Ounce 0.06237 28.3495 27.783 0.27802
Pound 15.96772 453.6 444.528 4.44528
Gram 0.0353 0.0022 0.98 0.0098
Centi-Newton 0.035904 0.002248 1.02 0.01
Newton 3.5904 0.2248 102 100
English/Metric Conversion Table: Saturated Steam Gauge
Pressures
Textile calculationsPage 5
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Pascal Kilo-Pascal Pounds per square inch
Pascal(Pa) 0.001 1.45
Kilo-Pascal(kPa) 1000 0.145
Pounds per square inch(Psi) 6895 6.895
English/Metric Conversion Table: Tenacity
gf/den gf/tex cN/tex Rkm
gf/den 9.015 8.838 9.015
gf/tex 0.111 0.9807 1
cN/tex 0.113 1.02 1.02
Rkm 0.111 1 0.9807
Count Conversion Table
tex dtex den Nm NeC NeL
tex dtex/10 den/9 1000/Nm 590.54/NeC 1653.5/NeL
dtex tex*10 den/0.9 10000/Nm 5905.4/NeC 16535/NeL
den tex*9 dtex*0.9 9000/Nm 5314.9/NeC 14882/NeL
Nm 1000/tex 10000/dtex 9000/den NeC*1.6934 NeL*0.6048
NeC 590.54/tex 5905.4/dtex 5314.9/den Nm*0.5905 NeL/2.8
NeL 1653.5/tex 16535/dtex 14882/den Nm*1.6535 NeC*2.8
Count Conversion Calculator
Size (convert from):
Unit (convert from):
Decimal Places:
Textile calculationsPage 6
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System Symbol Value Remarks
Direct Systems
tex Tt 0 grams/kilometer
deciTex dtex 0 grams/10 kilometer
kiloTex ktex 0 kilogram/kilometer
denier Td 0 grams/9'000 meters
Linen (dry spun), Hemp, Jute Tj 0 lb/14,400 yd (spindle)
Woollen (Aberdeen) Ta 0 lb/14400 yd
Woollen (US grain) 0 grains/20 yd
Indirect Systems
Asbestos (American) NaA 0 100 yd (cut)/lb
Asbestos (English) NeA 0 50 yd/lb
Cotton (Bump Yarn) NB 0 yd/oz
Cotton (English) NeC 0 840 yd (hank)/lb
Glass (UK & USA) NG 0 100 yd/lb
Linen (Wet or Dry Spun) NeL 0 300 yd (lea)/lb
Metric Nm 0 kilometers/kg
Spun silk Ns 0 840 yd/lb
Typp Nt 0 1000 yd/lb
Woollen (Alloa) Nal 0 11'520 yd (spindle)/24 lb
Woollen (American Cut) Nac 0 300 yd/lb
Woollen (Americal run) Nar 0 100 yd/oz
Woollen (Dewsbury) Nd 0 yd/oz
Woollen (Galashiels) Ng 0 300 yd (cut) 24 oz
Woollen (Hawick) Nh 0 300 yd (cut)/26 oz
Woollen (Irish) Niw 0 yd/0.25 oz
Textile calculationsPage 7
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System Symbol Value Remarks
Woollen (West of England) Nwe 0 320 yd (snap)/lb
Woollen (Yorkshire) Ny 0 256 yd (skein)/lb
Woollen (Yorkshire) Ny 0 yd/drum
Worsted New 0 560 yd (hank)/lb
lb = pund(s), yd = yard(s), oz = ounce(s), kg = kilogram(s
Weaving Formulas
Commonly used weaving formulas and reference guides used for manufacturing woven fabrics
Count
A number indicating the Mass per unit Length OR
The length per unit mass of Yarn.
Expression of the fineness of Yarn.
There are three Systems to Calculate Count
1 Lea = 120 yd
7 Leas = 1 hank
1 Hank = 840 yds. or 768 meter
1. Indirect System
2. Direct System
3. Universal System
Textile calculationsPage 8
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1. Indirect system
Total No. of hanks per one pound is the count of that yarn (Ne) i.e. if 10 hanks (10 x 840 yds. or
7680 meters) weighs one Pound or 0.454 Kg, then the Count of Yarn in indirect system 10s or
10Ne.
This System widely used for staple fiber spun yarns like 100% Cotton, Viscose, Polyester fibers
and their blends.
Higher the yarn Count i.e Ne the yarn is finer
Count = Length in hanks(840 yards)/Weight in Pounds
2. Direct System
Count = Weight in grams per 9000 meters of yarn
In this system the yarn numbering is called as Denier (D)
Higher the yarn number i.e Denier the yarn is coarser.
3. Universal System
Count = No of grams per 1000 meters or per km of yarn.
In this system count is called as Tex
Weight in Pounds
Length in hanks (840 yards)
Count = Commonly used other numbering systems
1. Nf - French count: - It is the No of 1000 meters length in ½ kg of yarn
2. Nm - Metric system: - Count is the No of 1000 meters length per kg. of yarn.
3. Worsted system: - Count is the No. of 560 yards in one lbs.
Textile calculationsPage 9
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4. Linen system: - It is the No. of leas of 300 yards per pound
5. Hemp, Jute, Flax: - Count is the No of 14,400 yards length per pound of yarn
Conversion System
English (Ne) to Denier (D) - Denier = 5315 / Ne
English (Ne) to Tex - Tex = 590.5 / Ne
French (Nf) to English (Ne) - English (Ne) = Nf x 1.181
Twist per Inch or meter (TPI or TPM)
To give strength to the yarn, certain twist is given in the yarn.
TPI vary according to end use of yarn. More twist for warp yarns, medium twist for weft
yarns and less twist for hosiery yarns.
We calculate the twist as TPI or TPM.
Twist is given in ‘Z’ direction or ‘S’ direction.
If twist is given in CW direction it is ‘Z’ twist.
If it is given in CCW direction it is ‘S’ twist.
Single yarns are given ‘Z’ twist and double yarns are given ‘S’ twist.
Twist relation for double yarn TPI = 0.7 x Single yarn TPI
Conversions Factor
This page helps in determining the Various convertion factors whether it is for textile use or for
common use.
Conversion factor for Textile Use
Textile calculationsPage 10
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To Convert From To Multiply by
Threads in Fabric:
Number per inchNumber per centimetre 0.3937
Stitches in Fabric:
Number per inchNumber per centimetre 0.3937
Mass per unit area:
Ounce per sq. yard
Gram per sq. metre
Momme
Gram per sq. metre
Momme
Ounce per sq. yard
33.906
0.23
0.128
Twist Level
Turns per inchTurns per metre 39.37
Dimetre
1/1000 inch
inch
inch
Micrometre
millimetre
centimetre
25.4
25.4
25.4
Cover Factor
a. Woven cotton fabrics
b.Weft knitted worsted fabric
0.957
1.172
Twist factor (or multiplier)
9.57
Gram force
Pound Force
Kilogram Force
Millinewton
Newton
Decanewton
9.81
4.45
0.98
Tearing Strength Newton 4.45
Textile calculationsPage 11
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To Convert From To Multiply by
Pound Force
Tenacity
Gram force per denierMillinewton per Tex 88.3
Bursting Pressure
Pound force per sq.inchKilonewtons per square metre 6.89
Conversion factor for Textile Use
To Convert From To Multiply by
Threads in Fabric:
Number per inchNumber per centimetre 0.3937
Stitches in Fabric:
Number per inchNumber per centimetre 0.3937
Mass per unit area:
Ounce per sq. yard
Gram per sq. metre
Momme
Gram per sq. metre
Momme
Ounce per sq. yard
33.906
0.23
0.128
Twist Level
Turns per inchTurns per metre 39.37
Dimetre
1/1000 inch
inch
inch
Micrometre
millimetre
centimetre
25.4
25.4
25.4
Cover Factor
a. Woven cotton fabrics
b.Weft knitted worsted fabric
0.957
1.172
Textile calculationsPage 12
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To Convert From To Multiply by
Twist factor (or multiplier)
9.57
Gram force
Pound Force
Kilogram Force
Millinewton
Newton
Decanewton
9.81
4.45
0.98
Tearing Strength
Pound ForceNewton 4.45
Tenacity
Gram force per denierMillinewton per Tex 88.3
Bursting Pressure
Pound force per sq.inchKilonewtons per square metre 6.89
Weaving Calculations
A guide to calculations relating to yarn and cloth and all processes of weaving.It includes reed
count, reed width, Maximum EPI for particular count, weave density, crimp percentage, cloth
cover factor etc
Some important Weaving Calculations
1. Reed Count
It is calculated in stock port system.No. of dents in 2 inches is called Reed Count.
Reed Count = EPI/(1 + Weft crimp %age)
2. Reed Width
Reed Width = Cloth Width *(100+ weft crimp %age)/100
Textile calculationsPage 13
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3. Crimp Percentage
Crimp %age = {(Warp length - Cloth length)/Cloth Length}* 100
Crimp %age = {(Warp width - Cloth width)/Cloth width}* 100
4. Cloth Cover Factor
1.
2.
3. Cloth Cover Factor = Wp.C.F +Wt.C.F. - {(Wp.C.F. - Wt.C.F)/28}
5. Maximum EPI for particular count
1.
2.
3.
4. other design = (Ends /Repeat * 1/Yarn Diametre)/ (No of
intersections/repeat+ ends/repeat)
Textile calculationsPage 14
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5.
6. Warp Density
o
o
= <350
o Weave Density = 50+{(Warp Density - 100) * F.D - 100} /{(Weft Density -
100)* F.D - 100}
o Effective Weave Density = W. D x K of loom width x K of Design
= < 72
Wp / filling - K Loom Width - K Weave Design - K
Cotton = 1.00 140 cm - 0.99 Plain1/1 = 1.00
Polyester/Cotton = 1.03 180 cm - 1.00 Twill 1/2 = 0.87
Viscose Filament = 1.17 190 cm - 1.01 Matt, Gabardine 2/2 = 0.82
Polyester Filament = 1.22 220 cm - 1.02 Drill 1/3 = 0.77
250 cm - 1.08 Satin 1/4 = 0.69
330 cm - 1.15
360 cm – 1.20
To change the count and the number of thread / inch , keeping the same denseness
of fabric
To change the count without altering the denseness of the fabric
EPI in Exp.cloth = (EPI in exp.Cloth2/EPI in given cloth) * count in given cloth
Textile calculationsPage 15
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To change the EPI without altering the denseness of the fabric
Warp requirement to weave the cloth
o Warp weight in grams /metre = {(Total Ends * 1.0936 * 453.59 * crimp %)/(840
* count)} * wastage %
o Weft weight in grams /metre ={(R.S. in inches * 453.59 * PPI)/(840 * count)} *
wastage % * crimp %
o Cloth length in metres with given weft weight=( weft weight in kgs * weft count *
1848 * 0.9144)/(PPI * R.S in inches)
For silk and Polyester
o Warp weight in grams /metre ={(Total Ends * count (Denier) )/9000} * wastage
% * crimp %
o Weft weight in grams /metre = {(R.S in inches * count(Denier)* PPI)/9000}*
wastage % * crimp %
Allowance for count in bleached and Dyed fabric
1.Count becomes 4%
2. FinerDyed counts become max 6% Coarser
Fabric Production Calculation
o Loom Speed = Motor RPM * (Motor Pully Diametre)/(Loom Pully Diametre)
o Loom Effeciency Percentage = (Actual Production/Calculated Production )* 100
o Moisture Regain Percentage = {(Yarn Weight - Dried Yarn Weight)/Dried Yarn
weight} * 100
o Moistue Content Percentage = {(Yarn Weight - Dried Yarn Weight)/Yarn
weight} * 100
Textile calculationsPage 16
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Type of Yarn Moisture Regain % Moisture Content %
Cotton 8.50 7.83
Jute 13.75 12.10
Silk 11.00 9.91
Rayon, Viscose 11.00 9.91
Wool 17.00 14.50
Nylon 4.20 3.78
o Warp Weight in Kg = (Total Ends * Tape Length in metres)/(1693.6 * Warp
Count)
o Weft Weight in Kg = (R.S in centimetres * cloth length in metres * PPI
)/(4301.14 * weft Count)
o Cloth weight in GSM = {EPI/Warp Cout)+(PPI/Weft count)}* 25.6
o oz (ounce ) per sq. yard = GSM(Grams per sq. metre)/34
Material Measurement
To calculate the length of any rolled fabrics, this formula gives the nearest accuracy.
L = {0.0655(D-d)(D+d)}/t
Where L = Length of material (Feet) t = Thickness of fabrics (inches)
D = Outside diameter (inches) d = Inside diameter (inches)
Weight of yarn in a cloth
The weight of cloth manufactured on looms depends upon the weight of yarns in thewarp
and weft: ends/inch, picks/inch and the weight of size on the warp. Therefore,
Cloth weight = Weight of warp + Weight of weft + Weight of size (All inlbs.)
Where as Weight of warp in lbs. = (Total No. of Ends * Tape Length in Yards)/(840 *
warp yarn count)
Also
Textile calculationsPage 17
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FIBRE Top
Micronaire value (cotton) -
Micrograms/ inch. The average weight of one inch length of fiber, expressed in
micrograms (0.000001g), which is approximately equivalent to, Micronaire Readings defined by
A.S.T.M
Denier(Man-made fiber)
Weight in grams per 9000 meters of fiber
Micron(wool)
Fineness expressed as fiber diameter in microns (0.001mm).
Conversions
Denier = 0.354 * micronaire value
Micronaire value = 2.824 * Denier
HVI
SF = 50.01 - (0.766 * 2.5%SL) - (50%SL *81.48)
Where SL is in inches
YARN COUNTS
(A) Indirect system
English count (Ne)
Number of 840 yards per pound.
French count (Nf)
Number of 1000 meters per kilogram.
worsted count
Number of 560 yards per pound.
Woolen cut Scllnen Lea (wet spun)
Textile calculationsPage 18
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Number of 300 yards per pound.
(B) Direct System
Tex count
Weight in grams per 1000 meters
Weight in pounds per 14,400 yards (Spyndle)
Denier
Weight in grams per 9000 metres
COUNT CONVERSION Top
Calculator
1. English count=
French count * 1.1810
Metric count * 0.5905
Worsted count * 0.6667
Wollen cut 8c Linen Lea * 0.3571
5905 * Tex count
5315 * Denier
17.14 * jute count
2. Metric count=
English count * 1.693
French Count * 2.0
Worsted count * 1.129
Woolen cut 8c linen lea * 0.6047
1000 * Tex count
9000 * Denier
29.03 * Jute count
4. Tex count
590.5 * English count
500 * French count
1000 * Metric count
Textile calculationsPage 19
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885.8 * worsted count
1654 * Wolen cut and linen lea
0.1111 * denier
34.45 * jute count
5. Denier
5315 * English count
4500 * French count
9000 * Metric count
7972 * worsted count
14880 * woolen cut and linen lea
9 * tex
310 * jute count
UNITS CONVERSATION Top
Calculator
One Pound = 16.00 ounces One Kilogram =1000.0 grams
= 7000 grains =2.2046 pound
= 453.59 grains =35.274 ounces
= 0.4536 kilogram =15432.0 grains
One Ounce = 437.50 grains One gram =1000.0 milligram
= 28.350 grains =0.03527 ounces
=15.432 grains
One grain = 0.00229 One Milligram =0.0154 grain
= 0.0648 gram
= 64.8 milligram
LINEAR
MEASURES
Calculator
One yard = 3.0 feet One meter = 100.0 centimeter
Textile calculationsPage 20
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= 36.0 inches = 3.281 feet
= 91.44 centimeters = 39.37 inches
= 0.9144 metre =1.0936 yards
One Foot = 0.3333 yards One millimeter =0.0334 inches
= 12.0 inches One inch =0.0278 yard
= 30.48 centimeters =0.0833 foot
= 0.3048 meter =25.4 milimeters
=2.54 centimeters
=0.0254 meter.
TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY IN
COTTON TEXTILE MILLS Top
Department Relative Humidity % Temperature C (F)
Min. Max. Min. Max
Mixing Room 60 65 27 (80) 33 (92)
Blow Room 50 55 27 (80) 35 (95)
Card Frame 50 55 27 (80) 35 (95)
Ring Frame 53 58 30 (80) 35 (95)
Winding 60 65 27 (80) 33 (92)
Top
MIXING
BLOWROOM Top
1. Cleaning efficiency percentage: (CE%)
(Trash in mixing - Trash in Lap * 100) / Trash in mixing
2. Beating / inch
(Beater rpm * no. of arms) / (Feed roller rpm * (22/7) * Feed roll diameter in inch)
EXAMPLE:
(Beater speed = 800; Arms = 3; Feed roller rpm = 10; Feed roller diameter =2.5"
Textile calculationsPage 21
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Beats / inch = (800 * 30) / (10 * 3.14 * 2.5 ") = 30 Approx.
3. Standard pressure when spinning cotton and synthetic.
Synthetic Cotton
On rack heads 300 Kg / cm2 300 Kg/cm2
On Calendar Roller 3000Kg / cm2 2700 Kg /cm2
Pulling Device 130Kg / cm2 130 Kg / cm2
4. Expected standard efficiency %
For Auto Doffing is 88 to 90% (Allowing for mixing change and cleaning)
5. Lap Tolerance Limits = (Avg. Lap Wt. + - (2 * C.V %* Nominal Wt.))/ 100
Coefficient of variation of lap Norms
One yard Good Avg.
Full Lap 0.70 1.0
Wrapping 1.2 2.0
6. Norms of wrapping C.V
Satisfactory values of % C.V. for wrapping in Preparatory & spinning
Wrapping Length in m %C.V U%
Blow room lap 1 1
Card silver 10 2.0 3.5
Finisher Drawing
Sliver 1 0.85 2.2
Inter 5 1.5 3.3
Yarn up to 60 Ne 100 1.2
Yarn 60 Ne and above 100 1.5
Yarn up to 60 Ne
(Strength CV) 3
Yarn 60 Ne and above
(Strength CV) 4.5
CARDING Top
Textile calculationsPage 22
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1. Cleaning Efficiency (%)
(( Trash in Lap - Trash in Silver) / Trash in Lap)*100
2. Twist inserted / inch in sliver
(rpm of can plate ) / Surface speed of calendar Roller
DRAW FRAME
1. Roller setting for 3 Roller Drawing
Front Zone = AFIS 5% Length Back zone = AFIS 5% + 4m.m.
2. C.V of Sliver = C/ Sqrt N
C =C.V of creel sliver ; N = Number of slivers fed
SPEED FRAME
1 Coils per inch
For Coarse Roving = T.P I * 10
For fine Roving =T.P I * 13
2 Thumb Rule for Layers / cm. =5.12 / sqrt (Roving hank)
YARN
1. Natural variation = CV % * 2
Let CV = 1.2 ; count = 30
(1.2 * 2 * 30 ) / 100 = 0.72
30 +- 0.72 Ne
2. Ring Yarns
Single yarn strength in gram * 0.264 = lea strength of 120 yards in Lbs.
Rotor Yarns
Textile calculationsPage 23
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(i) Cotton RKM = 0.00525 * CSP + 0.842
(ii) Cotton Blended RKM = 0.00537 * CSP + 0.943
(iii) Man Made RKM = 0.00561 * CSP + 1.079
3. Coils / inch (yarn gap should be equal to half the diameter of yarn between consecutive
coils) By Thumb Rule = 13.3 * sqrt (count)
4 General formula for tape Width
Tape width = Face width of spindle Wharve - 4mm
WINDING Top
1. Yarn quality Factor = Clearing Efficiency / Knot factor
2. Pre clearer Gauge at winding (carded yarn) 4.0 * yarn diameter
Pre clearer Gauge at winding (combed yarn) 5 * yarn diameter
3. Clearing Efficiency=
100 * (Total unwanted Faults Removed by Clearer) / ( Total Number of such faults
Present in the yarn)
4. Knot Factor = ( Total number of Clearer cuts) / (Number of unwanted yarn faults
removed)
5. Normal Clearing Efficiency and knot Factor
Type of Clearer CE Knot Factor
Electronic Clearer 80-95 < 1.3
6. Yarn Tension level
(1 / 20) * single yarn Strength
DOUBLING
Textile calculationsPage 24
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1. Total imperfection in Double yarn=0.170 * Total
imperfection in single yarn
2. Doubling yarn strength = Ring yarn strength * 2.5
3. Double yarn U% = Single yarn U% / sqrt ( No of yarns)
4. Doubling Tension weight in gram = ( Lea strength in Lb
* 4) /15.4
Textile calculationsPage 25