Greenline16

°√¡ àß‡ √‘¡§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ °√–∑√«ß∑√—æ¬“°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡Department of Environmental Quality Promotion Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment«“√ “√√“¬ 4 ‡¥◊Õπ ©∫—∫∑’Ë 16 ‘ßÀ“§¡ - æƒ»®‘°“¬π 2548Quaterly Periodical No. 16 August - November 2005

www.deqp.go.th www.environnet.go.th

∂“π°“√≥å¢¬–„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬Wast Situation in Thailand

¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å ¿—¬¡◊¥∑’Ë√Õ«—π°àÕµ—«Electronic Waste - a threatening peril

æ‘…¡◊Õ∂◊ÕToxicity of Cell Phones

ç´“‡≈âßπâÕ¬é ®“°‚√ß‡√’¬π«—¥°≈“ß§≈Õß “¡Little Sa-Leng From Wat Klang Klong Sam School

01/Cover 17/12/05, 11:32 AM1

°√¡ àß‡ √‘¡§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ °√–∑√«ß∑√—æ¬“°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡Department of Environmental Quality Promotion Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment«“√ “√√“¬ 4 ‡¥◊Õπ ©∫—∫∑’Ë 16 ‘ßÀ“§¡-æƒ»®‘°“¬π 2548Quaterly Periodical No. 16 August-November 2005

‡ âπ∑“ß ’‡¢’¬« : GREEN LINE

Õ¿‘«—≤πå ‡»√…∞√—°…å Apiwat Sretaruqsa

æ√∑‘æ¬å ªíòπ‡®√‘≠ Pornthip Punchareun

∑’Ëª√÷°…“ : Advisory Board

“«‘µ√’ »√’ ÿ¢ Savitree Srisuk

E-mail : [email protected]


∫√√≥“∏‘°“√∫√‘À“√ : Executive Editor

»√™—¬ ¡Ÿ≈§” Sornchai Moonkham

æ√∑‘æ¬å “√‘°∫ÿµ√ Pornthip Sarikabutr

¿“«‘π’ ≥ “¬∫ÿ√’ Pavinee Na Saiburi

Õ≈ß°µ »√’«‘®‘µ√°¡≈ Alongkot Srivijitkamol

π—π∑«√√≥ ‡À≈à“ƒ∑∏‘Ï Nantawan Lourith

Õµ‘æ√ «‘π—¬‚°»≈ : ºŸâ·ª≈/‡√’¬∫‡√’¬ß Atiporn Vinaikosol : Translator

°Õß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√ : Editor Staff

°√¡ àß‡ √‘¡§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ Department of Environmental Quality Promotion

°√–∑√«ß∑√—æ¬“°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

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“°≈ ∞‘π–°ÿ≈ Sakol Thinakul


∫√√≥“∏‘°“√Õ”π«¬°“√ : Editor Directer

∫√‘…—∑ ‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ ¡’‡¥’¬ ®”°—¥ Technology Media co., ltd.

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02/Inside Cover 16/12/05, 6:02 PM2

∫Õ°‡≈à“‡°â“ ‘∫ : Free Talk

°“√¥”‡π‘π™’«‘µ„π —ß§¡∑ÿ°«—ππ’È¡’ ‘ËßÕ”π«¬§«“¡ –¥«°À≈“¬Õ¬à“ß ®π¡πÿ…¬å‡√“≈◊¡π÷°∂÷ß°“√ª√–À¬—¥·≈–Õ¥ÕÕ¡ „™â®à“¬Õ¬à“ßøÿÉ¡‡øóÕ¬‡æ◊ËÕ·≈°°—∫§«“¡ –¥«° ∫“¬ À≈“¬§√Õ∫§√—«∂â“Õà“π∫∑§«“¡„π«“√ “√°√’π‰≈πå©∫—∫∑’Ë 16 π’È §ß‰¥âÀ¬ÿ¥§‘¥ —°π‘¥«à“ ‘ËßÕ”π«¬§«“¡ –¥«° ∫“¬‡À≈à“π’È®–°àÕ‚∑…¿—¬µàÕµ—«‡√“·≈–§π∑’Ë‡√“√—°Àà«ß„¬Õ¬à“ß‰√„πÕπ“§µ ªí≠À“ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ à«π„À≠à‡°‘¥®“°°“√∑’Ëª√–™“™π„™â™’«‘µÕ¬à“ßøÿÉ¡‡øóÕ¬ ®—∫®à“¬„™â Õ¬¿“¬„µâ§«“¡µâÕß°“√‰¡à„™à‡æ√“–§«“¡®”‡ªìπÀ≈“¬ ‘ËßÀ≈“¬Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë∑à“π‡≈◊Õ°´◊ÈÕ‡≈◊Õ°„™â‡¢â“„π∫â“π∂â“‰¡à„™à‡æ√“–§«“¡®”‡ªìπ¡—π°Á®–°≈“¬‡ªìπ¢Õß‡À≈◊Õ„™â„πÕπ“§µ ®π«—πÀπ÷Ëß∑à“πÕ“®æ∫«à“∑à“π¡’¢Õß‡À≈◊Õ„™â‡µÁ¡∫â“π·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ«—π‡¥◊Õπªïºà“π‰ª¡—π°Á°≈“¬‡ªìπ¢Õß‡°à“∑’ËµâÕß‚¬π∑‘Èß

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¢Õß∑’Ë‡≈◊Õ°„™â‡°‘π§«“¡®”‡ªìπµàÕ‰ª°Á®–°≈“¬‡ªìπ¢¬–∑’Ë‡ªìπ¿“√–µàÕ —ß§¡„π°“√®—¥‡°Á∫ ¬‘Ëß∂â“‡ªìπ ‘π§â“ª√–‡¿∑æ≈“ µ‘° °“√¬àÕ¬ ≈“¬π“π®π·∑∫‡√’¬°‰¥â«à“‰¡à “¡“√∂¬àÕ¬ ≈“¬‰¥â À√◊Õæ«°‡§√◊ËÕß„™â‰øøÑ“∑’Ë‡√“¡’°—π§π≈–‡§√◊ËÕß À√◊Õ§π≈–À≈“¬Ê ‡§√◊ËÕß ‡¡◊ËÕ¢Õß‡À≈à“π’È°≈“¬‡ªìπ¢¬–‡°à“‡°Á∫°Á®–°àÕ “√æ‘… Ÿà ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡√Õ∫µ—«‡√“ ´÷ËßÕ“®‰¡à„Àâ‚∑…°—∫µ—«‡√“·∫∫∑—πµ“‡ÀÁπ ·µà®–§àÕ¬‡ªìπ§àÕ¬‰ª ‡√“®÷ß¡—°¡Õß¢â“¡ªí≠À“ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ®π‡¡◊ËÕªí≠À“¡“∂÷ß®ÿ¥∑’Ë·°â‰¢‰¡à‰¥âÀ√◊Õ·°â‰¢‰¥â°Á„™â‡«≈“¬“«π“ππ—Ëπ·À≈– ‡√“®÷ß„Àâ§«“¡ ”§—≠°—∫ªí≠À“ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ÷ËßÕ“®®– “¬‰ª·≈â«°Á‰¥â

°àÕπ®–∂÷ß«—π∑’Ë¬“°·°â‰¢ ‡√“™à«¬°—π‡æ’¬ßπ‘¥·§à§‘¥°àÕπ ◊ÈÕ °Á®–™à«¬≈¥ªí≠À“ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡‰¥âÕ¬à“ß¡“°¡“¬∑’‡¥’¬« «“√ “√°√’π‰≈πå©∫—∫∑’Ë 16 π’È π”‡ πÕ “√–‡°’Ë¬«°—∫¢¬–ª√–‡¿∑µà“ßÊ Õ“∑‘ ¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å∑’Ë°”≈—ß®–°≈“¬‡ªìπªí≠À“ ”§—≠¢Õß ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õßª√–‡∑»„π¢≥–π’È §≥–ºŸâ®—¥∑”À«—ß«à“ “√–∑’Ëπ”‡ πÕπ’È®–„Àâ§«“¡√Ÿâ°—∫∑à“πºŸâÕà“π ·≈– “¡“√∂ √â“ß ”π÷°§‘¥°àÕπ´◊ÈÕ„Àâ°—∫∑ÿ°∑à“π

∫√√≥“∏‘°“√

03-04/∫Õ°‡≈Ë“‡°È“‘∫ 16/12/05, 6:56 PM3

Todayûs lifestyle has never been much easier. We consume so much that we

forget to save. We have spent so much money on things we donût need

for exchange of conveniences. Those who read Green Line magazine

volume 16 may have thought for a moment that these conveniences will

eventually cause us and our loved ones one or more problems. Todayûs

environmental problems are mostly the result of the way we use and

spend on things wastefully. Sometimes you bought some stuffs not

because you need one. If this is the case, they will soon turn to be

something antique and finally become garbage of the house.

Pause for a minute before you are about to pay and think if what you are paying

is something you need. Just think for a moment before spending. You may be savings

so much money that you donût need to find an extra job. Spend this extra time you

earn with your family to create a better society for the country.

Things, we donût need, later will turn to be junk, a huge burden to society to

manage. This thought also holds true for those made of plastics which require longer

time for decomposition, or electric appliances that each of us own more than one.

Once becoming waste, they generate toxicity to the environment surrounding us. The

environmental problems may not harm us now but they are gradually threatening us

and sooner or later they are coming back to haunt you. Now, we overlook the

problems until to the point that they canÕt be solved or require longer time to handle.

And when that time is around the corner, we then turn to look at the problem which

might be too late.

Before getting to that point, each of us can help by taking a moment to think

before we buy. Just doing so, we all can considerably help fix the environmental

problems. Volume 16 of Green Line magazine presents information on different types of

waste such as electronic waste that is turning out to be the nationûs foremost

environmental concern.

However, the Editor team does hope that the information contained here may

somehow educate you and raise awareness to all of you before you consume or

spend.

Editor

03-04/∫Õ°‡≈Ë“‡°È“‘∫ 16/12/05, 6:56 PM4

∫Õ°‡≈à“‡°â“ ‘∫ : Free Talk 3

“√§¥’À≈—° : Main Feature- ∂“π°“√≥å¢¬–„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ 7

Waste Situation in Thailand

- ¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å ¿—¬¡◊¥∑’Ë√Õ«—π°àÕµ—« 18Electronic Waste-a threatening peril

- æ‘…¡◊Õ∂◊Õ 35Toxicity of Cell Phones

®—∫‡¢à“§ÿ¬ : Interview 24§ÿ≥ ÿ«‘¿“ «√√≥ “∏æºŸâÕ”π«¬°“√‡¢µÕÿµ “À°√√¡´Õøµå·«√åª√–‡∑»‰∑¬

Suwipa WannasathopDirector of Software Park Thailand

—ß§¡ ’‡¢’¬« : Green Society 43∏π“§“√¢¬–Waste Bank

„∫ÕàÕπ : Young Leaf 49´“‡≈âßπâÕ¬ ®“°‚√ß‡√’¬π«—¥°≈“ß§≈Õß “¡Little Sa-Leng From Wat Klang Klong Sam School

°√’π‡«Á∫ : Green Web 52WEBSITE

“√∫—≠ : Contents

05-06/Content 16/12/05, 7:23 PM3

π‚¬∫“¬ ’‡¢’¬« : Green Policy 62π‚¬∫“¬¢¬–„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬Waste Policy in Thailand

‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ ’‡¢’¬« : Green Technology 67 √√À“¡“‡≈à“ ‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’™“«∫â“πSomething to Talk about : Folk Technology

- §√—Èß·√°¢Õß‚≈°°—∫°“√„™â·¡≈ß·°≈∫°”®—¥¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å

Novel Process of the World to Use çSurinam Cockroaché to Dispose of Organic Wastes

- ‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘πº≈‘µªÿÜ¬ ¢®—¥¢¬–

Earthworm Produces Fertilizer and Disposes of Wastes

“√–πà“√Ÿâ : Green Tips- ‚√§®“°¢¬– 56

Waste-Related Diseases

- ‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ ∑’Ë‡ªìπ¡‘µ√°—∫ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ 60Environmental-Friendly Mobile

- æ—≤π“∑’Ë™“√å®¡◊Õ∂◊Õæ≈—ß· ßÕ“∑‘µ¬å 61Developing Solar-Powered Mobile Charger

“¬¥à«π ’‡¢’¬« : Green Expressway 72

ÀâÕß¢à“« : Environment News 75

05-06/Content 16/12/05, 7:23 PM4

GREEN

LINE

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GREEN

LINE

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“√§¥’À≈—° ‚¥¬ : π≈‘π »√æ√À¡/π—°‡¢’¬πÕ‘ √–

Main Feature by : Nalin Sonnprom/Freelance Writer

¢¬–‡ªìπ ‘Ëß¢Õß‡À≈◊Õ∑‘Èß®“°°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘µ·≈–°“√Õÿª‚¿§-∫√‘‚¿§ ´÷Ëß¢¬–∑—Ë«‰ª·≈–¢Õß‡ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬π—∫«—π®–¡’ª√‘¡“≥‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ∑ÿ°ªï ∑—Èßπ’È‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°ªí®®—¬À≈“¬ª√–°“√ ‡™àπ°“√‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ¢Õßª√–™“°√ æƒµ‘°√√¡„π°“√Õÿª‚¿§-∫√‘‚¿§ °“√¢¬“¬µ—«∑“ß‡»√…∞°‘®·≈–Õÿµ “À°√√¡ ¥—ßπ—Èπ°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬¬—ß§ß‡ªìπªí≠À“ ”§—≠¢Õßª√–‡∑» ∑—Èß„π‡¢µ™ÿ¡™π‡¡◊Õß·≈–∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ∑ÿ°√–¥—∫ ·≈–¡’·π«‚πâ¡®–‡ªìπªí≠À“ ”§—≠„πÕπ“§µ ª√‘¡“≥¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬∑’Ë‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ®“°™ÿ¡™πµà“ßÊ∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬„πªï æ.». 2547 ¡’ª√–¡“≥ 14.6 ≈â“πµ—π/ª’

(°√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…) ∑—Èßπ’È¬—ß‰¡à√«¡ª√‘¡“≥¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬°àÕπ∑’Ë®–π”¡“∑‘Èß„π∂—ß ´÷Ë ß‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ®“°ªï æ.». 2546ª√–¡“≥ 0.2 ≈â“πµ—π

Waste is residues from manufacturing process and

consumption. While common garbage and hazardous

waste are increasing annually, they owe the explanation

to such factors as the increase of population, consumer

behavior, and economic and industrial expansion.

Consequently, the waste management is still a critical

problem of the country both in the rural community

and local one and it has shown the tendency to be

the main problem in the future. The amount of wastes

generated from various community all over the country

in 2004 was approximately 14.6 million tons/year (The

Pollution Control Department), exclusive of the waste

not yet disposed of in the trash can, an increase of 0.2

million tons from that of 2003.

07-17/Main Feature 17/12/05, 3:54 PM7

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∂“π°“√≥å°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬™ÿ¡™π„πªï æ.». 2547 °√ÿß‡∑æ¡À“π§√¡’¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ

ª√–¡“≥«—π≈– 9,356 µ—π/«—π (°√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…) À√◊Õª√–¡“≥ 3.41 ≈â“πµ—π/ªï ´÷Ëß¡’ª√‘¡“≥‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ®“°ªï æ.».2546 ª√–¡“≥ 0.01 ≈â“πµ—π/ªï ‚¥¬§π°√ÿß‡∑æ¡À“π§√ 1§π º≈‘µ¢¬–‡©≈’Ë¬ª√–¡“≥ 1.6 °‘‚≈°√—¡/«—π ÷ËßÕß§åª√–°Õ∫À≈—°¢Õß¢¬–∑—Ë«‰ª„π°√ÿß‡∑æ¡À“π§√ §◊Õ ¢¬–∑’Ë‡º“‰À¡â‰¥â‰¥â·°à ‡»…Õ“À“√√âÕ¬≈– 34.2 æ≈“ µ‘°·≈–‚ø¡√âÕ¬≈– 20.8°√–¥“…§‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 13.6

°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¢Õß°√ÿß‡∑æ¡À“π§√ ¥”‡π‘π°“√‚¥¬ ”π—°√—°…“§«“¡ –Õ“¥·≈– ”π—°ß“π‡¢µ∑—Èß 50 ‡¢µ ÷Ëß “¡“√∂‡°Á∫√«∫√«¡¢¬–‰¥â√âÕ¬≈– 98.5 ¢Õßª√‘¡“≥¢¬–∑’Ë‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ„π·µà≈–ªï ‚¥¬°“√‡°Á∫√«∫√«¡¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬®“°Õ“§“√∫â“π‡√◊Õπ‚√ßß“πÕÿµ “À°√√¡·≈– ∂“πª√–°Õ∫°“√Õ◊ËπÊ „π°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬π—Èπ °√ÿß‡∑æ¡À“π§√‰¥â«à“®â“ß‡Õ°™π„Àâ∑”°“√°”®—¥/∫”∫—¥∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ¥â«¬«‘∏’°“√Ωíß°≈∫Õ¬à“ß∂Ÿ°À≈—° ÿ¢“¿‘∫“≈ (Sanitary Landfill) ‚¥¬„πªï æ.». 2545 ¡’°“√π”¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬°≈—∫¡“„™âª√–‚¬™πå„À¡àª√–¡“≥ 3.1 ≈â“πµ—π À√◊Õ§‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 21 ¢Õßª√‘¡“≥∑’Ë‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ ´÷Ëß‡æ‘Ë¡¡“°¢÷Èπ®“°ªïæ.». 2546 ∂÷ß 0.3 ≈â“πµ—π ∑—Èßπ’È‡π◊ËÕß®“°¡’°“√√≥√ß§åª√–™“ —¡æ—π∏å °“√‡º¬·æ√à§«“¡√Ÿâ °“√°”Àπ¥°Æ‡°≥±å µ≈Õ¥®π°“√ π—∫ πÿπß∫ª√–¡“≥·≈–°“√«‘®—¬æ—≤π“‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’„π°“√§—¥·¬°¢¬–

„π¥â“π°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬¢ÕßÕß§å°√ª°§√Õß à«π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ ‡¢µª√‘¡≥±≈ ∑—Èß„π‡¢µ‡¡◊Õß ·≈–‡¢µ‡∑»∫“≈ ‰¥â¡’°“√®—¥ √â“ß ∂“π∑’Ë°”®—¥¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬∑’Ë¥”‡π‘π°“√Õ¬à“ß∂Ÿ° ÿ¢“¿‘∫“≈ ®”π«π 106 ·Ààß (√Ÿª∑’Ë 1) ·∫àß‡ªìπ‡µ“‡º“ 3 ·Ààß §◊Õ‡∑»∫“≈‡¡◊Õß≈”æŸπ ‡∑»∫“≈π§√¿Ÿ‡°Áµ ·≈–‡∑»∫“≈µ”∫≈‡°“– ¡ÿ¬ ®—ßÀ«—¥ ÿ√“…Æ√å∏“π’ ·≈–Õ’°103 ·Ààß ‡ªìπ·∫∫Ωíß°≈∫Õ¬à“ß∂Ÿ°À≈—° ÿ¢“¿‘∫“≈ àßº≈„Àâªí®®ÿ∫—π„π‡¢µ‡¡◊Õß À√◊Õ‡∑»∫“≈ “¡“√∂°”®—¥¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬‰¥âª√–¡“≥√âÕ¬≈– 37 ¢Õßª√‘¡“≥∑’Ë‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ à«π∑’Ë‡À≈◊Õ¬—ß§ß„™â«‘∏’°“√°”®—¥∑’Ë‰¡à∂Ÿ°µâÕß‡™àπ °“√°Õß∫πæ◊Èπ °“√‡º“°≈“ß·®âß „π à«ππÕ°‡¢µ

Situation of Community Waste ManagementIn 2004 Bangkok produced approximately 9,356 tons

of wastes per day (The Pollution Control Department) or

about 3.41 million tons/year, an increase of 0.01 million

ton/year from 2003. On average each Bangkokian

created wastes of about 1.6 kilograms of waste per

day. The main component of the common waste in

Bangkok is burnable garbage such as 34.2% of food

residues, 20.8% of plastic and foam and 13.6% of paper.

The waste management of Bangkok is carried out

by the Office of Cleaning and another 50 district offices,

which can collect 98.5% of the amount of wastes each

year. For the collection of wastes from household,

industrial plants, and other enterprises, Bangkok has

contracted a private operator to dispose/treat all of

them by the correct method of sanitary landfill. In 2003,

approximately 3.1 million tons of waste, or 21% of the

total, an increase of 0.3 million ton from 2002, were

recycled, for a campaign, education, regulation

including the support of budget and the development

of the technology of waste separation were encouraged.

For the waste management of the local adminis-

tration, vicinity region, both in the urban and municipal

areas, 106 sanitary waste disposal facilities were built

(Figure 1). Of these sites, 3 of them are incinerators, that

is, Muang Lampoon municipality, Phuket municipality, and

Koh Samui sub-district municipality, Suratthani province

and another 103 sites are sanitary landfills. This, as a

√Ÿª∑’Ë 1 ®”π«π√–∫∫‡µ“‡º“·≈–√–∫∫Ωíß°≈∫„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬

Figure 1 the number of incineration andlandfill systems in Thailand

§”Õ∏‘∫“¬ —≠≈—°…≥å

√–∫∫‡µ“‡º“ ®”π«π 3 ·Ààß√–∫∫Ωíß°≈∫ ®”π«π 103 ·Ààß

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‡∑»∫“≈ Õß§å°“√∫√‘À“√ à«π®—ßÀ«—¥·≈–Õß§å°“√∫√‘À“√ à«πµ”∫≈®–‡ªìπºŸâ√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫‡°Á∫√«∫√«¡‰ª°”®—¥ ÷Ëß à«π„À≠à¬—ß‰¡à¡’ ∂“π∑’Ë°”®—¥¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬∑’Ë∂Ÿ°À≈—° ÿ¢“¿‘∫“≈ (°√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…)

¢¬–∑’Ë‡°‘¥¢÷ÈπÀ“°‰¡à‰¥â√—∫°“√‡°Á∫√«∫√«¡‰ª°”®—¥·≈â«®–‡ªìπ¢¬–µ°§â“ß∑’Ë √â“ßªí≠À“ àß°≈‘Ëπ‡À¡Áπ√∫°«π·≈–‡ªìπ¿“æ∑’Ë‰¡àπà“¥Ÿ Õ’°∑—Èß¬—ß‡ªìπ·À≈àß‡æ“–æ—π∏ÿå‡™◊ÈÕ‚√§ ´÷Ëß®–°àÕ„Àâ‡°‘¥º≈‡ ’¬µàÕ ÿ¢¿“æ¡πÿ…¬å °“√¥”‡π‘π°“√®—¥‡°Á∫¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬∑’Ëºà“π¡“ª√– ∫ªí≠À“°“√°”®—¥¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬‰¡à∂Ÿ° ÿ¢≈—°…≥–Õ—π‡π◊ËÕß®“°∫“ßæ◊Èπ∑’Ë‰¡à¡’ß∫ª√–¡“≥°“√°àÕ √â“ß»Ÿπ¬å°“√®—¥°“√¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬ À√◊Õ∫“ßæ◊Èπ∑’Ë¡’»Ÿπ¬å°“√®—¥°“√¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬·µà‰¡à¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ ‚¥¬¢“¥°“√«“ß·ºπ°“√¥Ÿ·≈√—°…“√–∫∫Õ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß ‚¥¬·π«∑“ßÀπ÷Ëß∑’Ë “¡“√∂™à«¬·°â‰¢ªí≠À“°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬„π√–¬–¬“«π—Èπ §◊Õ °“√®—¥µ—Èß»Ÿπ¬å°”®—¥¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬„πÀ≈“¬Ê æ◊Èπ∑’Ë¢Õßª√–‡∑» ‚¥¬¡ÿàß‡πâπ„Àâ™ÿ¡™π∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„°≈â‡§’¬ß°—ππ”¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬¡“°”®—¥√à«¡°—π Õ’°∑—Èß π—∫ πÿπ„Àâ¿“§‡Õ°™π‡¢â“¡“¡’∫∑∫“∑√à«¡≈ß∑ÿπ·≈–¥”‡π‘π°“√

∂“π°“√≥å°“√®—¥°“√¢Õß‡ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬°√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…‰¥âª√–¡“≥°“√ª√‘¡“≥¢Õß‡ ’¬

Õ—πµ√“¬„πªï æ.». 2547 «à“¡’ª√–¡“≥ 1.81 ≈â“πµ—π ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ®“°ªï æ.». 2546 ª√–¡“≥ 0.01 ≈â“πµ—π ·∫àßÕÕ°‡ªìπ¢Õß‡ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬®“°Õÿµ “À°√√¡ 1.405 ≈â“πµ—π ·≈–ª√‘¡“≥¢Õß‡ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬®“°™ÿ¡™π 0.403 ≈â“πµ—π (√«¡¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ 0.02≈â“πµ—π) ‚¥¬¢Õß‡ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬ à«π„À≠à°«à“√âÕ¬≈– 59 ¢Õßª√‘¡“≥∑’Ë‡°‘¥¢÷ÈπÀ√◊Õª√–¡“≥ 1.06 ≈â“πµ—π ‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ„π‡¢µ°√ÿß‡∑æ¡À“π§√·≈–ª√‘¡≥±≈ (µ“√“ß∑’Ë 1)

¢Õß‡ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬®“°¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡ à«π„À≠à‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ„π∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑» ¡’°“√°”®—¥‡æ’¬ß√âÕ¬≈– 50 ¢Õßª√‘¡“≥∑’Ë‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ∑—Èßπ’ÈÕ“®¡’ “‡Àµÿ ”§—≠Ê ‰¥â·°à §«“¡§ÿâ¡§à“∑“ß∏ÿ√°‘®‚¥¬ºŸâª√–°Õ∫°“√∫“ß à«π‡≈◊Õ°¥”‡π‘π°“√®—¥°“√¥â«¬µπ‡Õß À√◊Õ∫“ß à«πµâÕß°“√√«∫√«¡¢Õß‡ ’¬„Àâ¡’ª√‘¡“≥¡“°æÕ°àÕπ®—¥ àß‰ª°”®—¥‡æ◊ËÕ≈¥µâπ∑ÿπ ·≈– “‡ÀµÿÕ’°ª√–°“√ §◊Õ °“√µ‘¥µ“¡µ√«® Õ∫¢Õß‡®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë„π°“√∫—ß§—∫„™â°ÆÀ¡“¬ ”À√—∫°“√‡§≈◊ËÕπ¬â“¬·≈–°”®—¥¢Õß‡ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬®“°‚√ßß“π‰ª¬—ß‚√ßß“π∑’Ë√—∫°”®—¥Õ¬à“ß∂Ÿ°°ÆÀ¡“¬ ‚¥¬¡’ª√‘¡“≥∑’Ë‰¥â√—∫°“√°”®—¥ª√–¡“≥ 0.69 ≈â“πµ—π

„π¥â“π°“√®—¥°“√¢Õß‡ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬®“°™ÿ¡™π à«π„À≠à¡’°“√®—¥°“√∑’Ë‰¡à‡À¡“– ¡ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°¬—ß¡’°“√°”®—¥¢Õß‡ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬®“°™ÿ¡™π√«¡‰ª°—∫°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬∑—Ë«‰ª·≈–ª√–™“™π¬—ß¢“¥§«“¡√Ÿâ·≈–¬—ß‰¡à„Àâ§«“¡ ”§—≠„π°“√§—¥·¬°¢Õß‡ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬ ‡™àπ À≈Õ¥ø≈ŸÕÕ‡√ ‡´πµå∑’Ë‡ ’¬·≈â«°√–ªÜÕß¬“¶à“·¡≈ß ∂à “π‰ø©“¬‡°à“ √«¡∑—È ß¢Õß‡ ’¬

result, enables the urban and municipal areas to dispose

37% of wastes generated. The rest are still under

mismanagement such as waste left on the ground,

open-air burning. For areas outside of the municipal

regions, the provincial and district administration

undertake responsibilities for collection and disposal, where

they are still lack of sanitary landfill facilities.

Waste generated, if not collected for disposal, will

become residues creating problems, giving off smelly

odor, and forming unpleasant image, as well as,

becoming germ-culture sites, which in return causes

detrimental impacts on human health. In the past the

process of waste collection encountered the unhygienic

waste disposal as some areas did not have budget for

the construction of waste facilities. Some areas have

the center of waste management but ineffective due

to its lack of management and continuous maintenance.

One means to help resolve the waste management

problem in long term is the establishment of waste

disposal centers in many areas of the country, with the

aim of integrating neighboring communities to jointly

eliminate waste. The private operator should also be

encouraged to play an important role in investment

and operation.

Situation of Hazardous Waste ManagementThe Pollution Control Department has estimated

the amount of hazardous waste in 2004 to be 1.81

million tons, an approximately increase of 0.01 million

tons from 2003. They are categorized as 1.405 million

tons of industrial hazardous waste and 0.403 million tons

of community hazardous waste (including 0.02 million

tons of infectious waste). More than 59% of the amount

of waste generated or approximately 1.06 million tons

are in Bangkok and its vicinities. (Table 1)

Most of hazardous waste from the industrial sector

are generated countrywide but only 50 % of them are

eliminated. This might come from the main factor such

as the cost-based value which some business entities

choose to carry out the disposal operation by themselves

or some want to collect the amount of waste much

enough for delivery to be disposed of in order to reduce

cost. Another factor is the monitor and audit of the

07-17/Main Feature 16/12/05, 7:26 PM9

‡ âπ∑

“ß ’‡

¢’¬«

10

Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å ‡™àπ ‡§√◊ËÕß§Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√å ‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ·≈–·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë¡◊Õ∂◊Õ

”À√—∫¢Õß‡ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬∑’Ë‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ¡“®“°‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈·≈– ∂“π∫√‘°“√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢∑—Èß¢Õß¿“§√—∞·≈–‡Õ°™π ‰¥â·°à¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ ‡¢Á¡ „∫¡’¥ °√–∫Õ°©’¥¬“ œ≈œ æ∫«à“„πªï æ.».2545 ¡’ª√‘¡“≥ 16.2 µ—π/«—π ∑—Èßπ’È°“√°”®—¥®–¡’ ∂“πæ¬“∫“≈∑’Ë¡’‡µ“‡º“¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ´÷Ëß¥”‡π‘π°“√‡Õß à«π¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ∑’Ë‡À≈◊Õ∫“ß à«πÕß§å°√ª°§√Õß à«π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ®–‡ªìπºŸâ√—∫‡°Á∫√«∫√«¡·≈–°”®—¥ ‚¥¬®–¡’‡µ“‡º“¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ¢ÕßÕß§å°√ª°§√Õß à«π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ ÷Ëßµ—ÈßÕ¬Ÿà„πæ◊Èπ∑’Ëµà“ßÊ ∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑»®”π«π10 ·Ààß (9 ®—ßÀ«—¥) ‰¥â·°à °√ÿß‡∑æ¡À“π§√ ππ∑∫ÿ√’

officers in terms of law enforcement of transporting and

disposal of hazardous waste from one factory to another

that is contracted to dispose of wastes legally. The

amount of 0.69 million tons of waste were disposed of.

For household hazardous waste, they are mostly

under mismanagement as the treatment of community

hazardous waste is processed together with the ordinary

garbage. And people are lack of knowledge and donût

pay attention to hazardous waste separation such as

broken fluorescent lamps, cans of pesticide, old batter-

ies, including electronic waste like computers, cell phones

and cell phone batteries.

For hazardous wastes produced by both government

and private hospitals and public health centers such as

infectious waste, needles, blades, syringes, etc., there

were approximately 16.2 million tons per day in 2003.

The hospital, owning infectious waste incinerators, would

process the disposal themselves. Some leftover

infectious wastes were collected, transported, and

disposed by local administration. They were handled by

10 infectious waste-combustors of the local administra-

tion (9 provinces), that is, Bangkok, Nonthaburi,

Samutsakorn, Suphanburi, Chiangmai, Khonkaen, Songkla,

Phuket, and Chonburi. The Ministry of Natural Resources

and Environment coordinated with the Ministry of Public

Health to set the national waste management and

action plans, which encompass the infectious waste

management, in order to resolve the problem of infectious

waste in the long run. The plan sets the guidance that

the local administration should have the separate system

of separation, collection, and disposal of the infectious

°∑¡. ·≈–ª√‘¡≥±≈ 0.930 0.136 59.0

¿“§°≈“ß 0.099 0.066 9.1

¿“§µ–«—πÕÕ° 0.117 0.028 8.0

¿“§µ–«—πÕÕ°‡©’¬ß‡Àπ◊Õ 0.048 0.081 7.2

¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ 0.115 0.049 9.0

¿“§„µâ 0.096 0.043 7.7

√«¡ 1.405 0.403 100.0

°∑¡. ·≈–ª√‘¡≥±≈ 0.930 0.136 59.0

¿“§°≈“ß 0.099 0.066 9.1

¿“§µ–«—πÕÕ° 0.117 0.028 8.0

¿“§µ–«—πÕÕ°‡©’¬ß‡Àπ◊Õ 0.048 0.081 7.2

¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ 0.115 0.049 9.0

¿“§„µâ 0.096 0.043 7.7

√«¡ 1.405 0.403 100.0

æ◊Èπ∑’ËÕÿµ “À°√√¡≈â“πµ—π/ªï

™ÿ¡™π≈â“πµ—π/ªï

√«¡√âÕ¬≈–

∑’Ë¡“ : √ÿª√“¬ß“π ∂“π°“√≥å¡≈æ‘…¢Õßª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.».2547

µ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 · ¥ßª√‘¡“≥¢Õß‡ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬µ“¡ª√–‡¿∑·≈–¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§ªï æ.». 2547

0

3

2544ª√‘¡“≥¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬™ÿ¡™π∑’Ë‡°‘¥¢÷Èπthe amount of community waste generation

2545 2546 2547 ªï/Year

6

9

ª√‘¡“

≥ (≈

â“πµ—π

)/Q

uant

ity (

mill

ion

tons

) 14.1

2.2 2.6 2.8 3.1

14.3

14.4 14.6

12

15

ª√‘¡“≥°“√„™âª√–‚¬™πå¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬the amount of waste utilization

√Ÿª∑’Ë 2 ª√‘¡“≥°“√„™âª√–‚¬™πå¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬™ÿ¡™πªï æ.». 2544-2547

Figure 2 the volume of household garbageutilization in 2001-2004

Bangkok and its vicinities 0.930 0.136 59.0

Central 0.099 0.066 9.1

East 0.117 0.028 8.0

Northeast 0.048 0.081 7.2

North 0.115 0.049 9.0

South 0.096 0.043 7.7

Total 1.405 0.403 100.0

Bangkok and its vicinities 0.930 0.136 59.0

Central 0.099 0.066 9.1

East 0.117 0.028 8.0

Northeast 0.048 0.081 7.2

North 0.115 0.049 9.0

South 0.096 0.043 7.7

Total 1.405 0.403 100.0

AreaIndustry Million

ton/year

Community Million

ton/year

Total

percentage

Source : The summary report of pollution situation inThailand 2004

Table 1 the display of the amount of hazardous wastebased on type and region in 2004

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¡ÿ∑√ “§√ ÿæ√√≥∫ÿ√’ ‡™’¬ß„À¡à ¢Õπ·°àπ ß¢≈“ ¿Ÿ‡°Áµ·≈–™≈∫ÿ√’ ∑—Èßπ’È°√–∑√«ß∑√—æ¬“°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡‰¥âª√– “πß“π√à«¡°—∫°√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢¥”‡π‘π°“√®—¥∑”·ºπ°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬·Ààß™“µ‘·≈–·ºπªØ‘∫—µ‘°“√ ‚¥¬ºπ«°°“√®—¥°“√¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕπ’È‰«â„π·ºπ¥â«¬ ‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ°“√·°â‰¢ªí≠À“¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ„π√–¬–¬“« ´÷Ëß¡’·π«∑“ß„ÀâÕß§å°√ª°§√Õß à«π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ¡’√–∫∫§—¥·¬° √«∫√«¡ ·≈–°”®—¥¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ·¬°µà“ßÀ“°®“°¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬∑—Ë«‰ª ‚¥¬‡πâπ°“√„™â ∂“π∑’Ë°”®—¥√à«¡°—π ·≈– àß‡ √‘¡„Àâ¿“§‡Õ°™π‡¢â“¡“≈ß∑ÿπ·≈–¥”‡π‘π°“√

°“√„™âª√–‚¬™πå®“°¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬™ÿ¡™π°“√„™âª√–‚¬™πå®“°¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬™ÿ¡™π „πªï æ.». 2547

¡’°“√π”°≈—∫¡“„™âª√–‚¬™πå„À¡àª√–¡“≥ 3.1 ≈â“πµ—π À√◊Õ§‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 21 ¢Õßª√‘¡“≥∑’Ë‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ (√Ÿª∑’Ë 2) ‚¥¬Õ¬Ÿà„π√Ÿª¢ÕßªÿÜ¬Õ‘π∑√’¬å·≈–ªÿÜ¬πÈ”™’«¿“æª√–¡“≥ 0.2 ≈â“πµ—π ·≈–Õ¬Ÿà„π√Ÿª¢Õß‡»…‡À≈Á° °√–¥“… ·°â« æ≈“ µ‘° Õ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡·≈–¬“ß ª√–¡“≥ 2.9 ≈â“πµ—π ÷Ëß√Ÿª·∫∫«‘∏’°“√π”°≈—∫¡“„™âª√–‚¬™πå„À¡à®–¥”‡π‘π°“√ºà“π°‘®°√√¡µà“ßÊ ‡™àπ °“√√—∫´◊ÈÕ¢Õß‡°à“ ‚§√ß°“√ºâ“ªÉ“√’‰´‡§‘≈ ∏π“§“√¢¬–„π‚√ß‡√’¬πµ≈“¥π—¥«— ¥ÿ√’‰´‡§‘≈ ¢¬–·≈°¢â“« “√ °“√∑”ªÿÜ¬À¡—° °“√∑”ªÿÜ¬™’«¿“æ ‡ªìπµâπ

”À√—∫°“√„™âª√–‚¬™πå®“°¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬Õÿµ “À°√√¡∑’Ë¡‘„™à¢Õß‡ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬®“°¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡ ‰¥â¡’°“√π”¢Õß‡ ’¬·≈–¢Õß‡À≈◊Õ„™â‰ª„™âª√–‚¬™πå„À¡à„πÕ—µ√“√âÕ¬≈– 40 ¢Õßª√‘¡“≥°“√∫√‘‚¿§º≈‘µ¿—≥±å ∑—Èßπ’È¬—ß¡’Õ—µ√“°“√π”‡¢â“«—µ∂ÿ¥‘∫

waste from the ordinary garbage but focusing on the

integration of the same sites, and promotes the private

sector to invest and operate.

Utilization of Household WasteThe utilization of household waste in 2004 was the

recycling of approximately 3.1 million tons or accounted

for 21% of the volume of generated waste (Figure 2),

which was in the form of 0.2 million tons of organic

fertilizer and bio-water fertilizer, and approximately 2.9

million tons were in the form of sheet residues, paper,

glass, plastics, aluminums, and tires. The recycling method

was being processed under varied activities like second-

hand purchase service, recycling project, waste banks

in schools, recyclable materials shopping complex,

garbage-rice-exchange, composting fertilizer method,

organic fertilizer method, etc.

For the utilization of industrial non-hazardous waste

from the industrial sector, wastes and residues were

recycled at the rate of 40% of the consumption

volume. However, the import of raw materials is still

quite high. If waste and residues of the country are

collected and transformed, it will help lessen the problem

of importing raw materials. For ordinary non-hazardous

garbage from small and medium enterprises, they were

dumped with household waste. For waste from the

large industrial sector, laws and regulation were clearly

applied.

Utilization of Waste from Agricultural SectorFrom the data processing of the Office of Economics

and Agriculture, the Livestock Department, Land

Development Department, and Department of Alternative

Energy Development and Efficiency in 2004, it was able

to estimate the potential recycling of agricultural material

residues of up to 10 kinds, that is, rice, sugar cane,

corn, coconut, palm oil, cassava, peanut, cotton, and

millet. There were approimately 82.23 million tons of

these, 18.60 million tons, or 22.62%, of which were recycled.

Most of the recycling was in the form of alternative

energy/fuel about 15.74%, secondly 2.61 million tons in

the form of animal feed, 0.24 million tons of organic fertilizer,

and 0.01 million tons of others, respectively (Figure 3).

ªÿÜ¬ 0.24 ≈â“πµ—π/Fertilizer 0.24 million tons

Õ◊ËπÊ 0.01 ≈â“πµ—π/Other 0.01 million tons

æ≈—ßß“π‡™◊ÈÕ‡æ≈‘ß 15.74 ≈â“πµ—π/Fuel Energy 15.74 million tons

Õ“À“√ —µ«å 2.61 ≈â“πµ—π/Animal Feed 2.61 million tons

√Ÿª∑’Ë 3 —¥ à«π°“√„™âª√–‚¬™πå¢Õß‡ ’¬·≈–«— ¥ÿ‡À≈◊Õ„™â∑“ß°“√‡°…µ√

Figure 3 the proportion of the utilization ofagricultural residues and waste

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„π°“√º≈‘µ§àÕπ¢â“ß Ÿß ÷ËßÀ“°¡’°“√√«∫√«¡¢Õß‡ ’¬·≈–¢Õß‡À≈◊Õ„™â„πª√–‡∑»¡“·ª√√Ÿª„™â„À¡à®–™à«¬≈¥ªí≠À“°“√π”‡¢â“«—µ∂ÿ¥‘∫≈ß à«π¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬∑—Ë«‰ª∑’Ë¡‘„™à¢Õß‡ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬®“°Õÿµ “À°√√¡¢π“¥‡≈Á°·≈–Õÿµ “À°√√¡¢π“¥¬àÕ¡ ¬—ß§ß∑‘Èß√«¡°—∫¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬™ÿ¡™π à«π¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬®“°¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡¢π“¥„À≠à®–¡’¢âÕ°”Àπ¥°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–Õ¬à“ß™—¥‡®π

°“√„™âª√–‚¬™πå¢Õß‡ ’¬„π¿“§‡°…µ√°√√¡®“°°“√ª√–¡«≈¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈®“° ”π—°ß“π‡»√…∞°‘®·≈–‡°…µ√

°√¡ª»ÿ —µ«å °√¡æ—≤π“∑’Ë¥‘π ·≈–°√¡æ—≤π“æ≈—ßß“π∑¥·∑π·≈–Õπÿ√—°…åæ≈—ßß“π „πªï æ.». 2547 “¡“√∂ª√–¡“≥°“√ª√‘¡“≥«— ¥ÿ‡À≈◊Õ„™â∑“ß°“√‡°…µ√∑’Ë¡’»—°¬¿“æ„π°“√π”°≈—∫¡“„™âª√–‚¬™πå„À¡à‰¥â Ÿß ÿ¥ 10 ª√–‡¿∑ ‰¥â·°à ¢â“« ÕâÕ¬¢â“«‚æ¥ ¡–æ√â“« ª“≈å¡πÈ”¡—π ¡—π ”ª–À≈—ß ∂—Ë«≈‘ ß ΩÑ“¬∂—Ë«‡À≈◊Õß ·≈–¢â“«øÉ“ß ¡’ª√–¡“≥ 82.23 ≈â“πµ—π ÷Ëßª√‘¡“≥°“√π”«— ¥ÿ‡À≈◊Õ„™â∑“ß°“√‡°…µ√¥—ß°≈à“«¡“„™âª√–‚¬™πå„À¡à¡’ª√–¡“≥ 18.60 ≈â“πµ—π À√◊Õ§‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 22.62 ‚¥¬·¬°ÕÕ°‡ªìπ°“√π”°≈—∫¡“„™âª√–‚¬™πå„À¡à„π√Ÿª¢Õßæ≈—ßß“π∑¥·∑π/‡™◊ÈÕ‡æ≈‘ß¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ §◊Õ ª√–¡“≥ 15.74 ≈â“πµ—π√Õß≈ß¡“‡ªìπ°“√„™âª√–‚¬™πå„π√Ÿª·∫∫Õ“À“√ —µ«å 2.61 ≈â“πµ—π∑”ªÿÜ¬Õ‘π∑√’¬å¡’ª√–¡“≥ 0.24 ≈â“πµ—π ·≈–Õ◊ËπÊ 0.01 ≈â“πµ—πµ“¡≈”¥—∫ (√Ÿª∑’Ë 3)

Utilization of Waste from the IndustrialSector

Waste from the industrial sector consists of paper,

glass, plastics, metals, aluminums, and rubbers. In 2004

there were approximately 14.6 million tons, of which 8.3

million tons, accounted for 57% of the volume of waste

in the industrial sector, an increase of 14% from 2003,

were recycled. (Figure 4)

The beneficial use of wastes from the industrial

sector is mostly through the exchange of wastes among

factories and the exchange of material residues between

manufacturers, importers or distributors (Waste Exchange

System), through Deposit-Refund System, lucky-draw

campaigns via distributors, including repurchase of

broken things from repurchase-second hand business

owners. The details are categorized according to the

industry (Table 2) as follows:

1. The paper industry has the volume of recycling

paper of about 1.3 million tons, 38% of the total of the

paper waste countrywide (3.4 million tons), an increase

of 12% from 2003.

2. The glass industry has the amount of transformation

and recycling of around 1.4 million tons, 64% of the

amount of the total glass wastes countrywide (about

2.2 million tons), an increase of 15% from 2003.

3. The plastic industry has the amount of transfor-

mation and recycling of approximately 0.6 million tons,

21% of the total of the amount of plastic waste coun-

trywide (about 2.9 million tons), a decrease of 5% 2003.

4. The steel industry has the amount of transformation

and recycling of approximately 4.6 million tons, 90% of

the total amount of metal waste countrywide (about

5.2 million tons), an increase of 9% from 2003.

5. The aluminum industry has the amount of

transformation and recycling of approximately 0.33

million tons, 54% of the total amount of aluminum wastes

countrywide (about 0.61 million tons), an increase of 1%

from 2003.

6. The rubber industry has the amount of transfor-

mation and recycling of approximately 0.07 million tons,

19% of the total amount of rubber wastes countrywide

(about 0.36 million tons), a decrease of 1% from 2003.

√Ÿª∑’Ë 4 ª√‘¡“≥°“√„™âª√–‚¬™πå¢Õß‡ ’¬Õÿµ “À°√√¡ªï æ.». 2544-2547

Figure 4 the amount of the utilization of industrialwastes 2001-2004

0

3

2544ª√‘¡“≥¢Õß‡ ’¬∑’Ë‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ®“°¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡the amount of waste generation from the industrial sector

2545 2546 2547 ªï/Year

6

9

ª√‘¡“

≥ (≈

â“πµ—π

)/Q

uant

ity (

mill

ion

tons

)

11.9

5.1 5.5 5.3

6.3

11.4 12

.4

14.6

12

15

ª√‘¡“≥°“√„™âª√–‚¬™πå¢Õß‡ ’¬„π¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡the amount of waste utilization in the industrial sector

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°“√„™âª√–‚¬™πå¢Õß‡ ’¬„π¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡¢Õß‡ ’¬„π¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡´÷Ëßª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬¢Õß‡ ’¬

ª√–‡¿∑°√–¥“… ·°â« æ≈“ µ‘° ‡À≈Á° Õ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡ ·≈–¬“ß´÷Ëßª√‘¡“≥„πªï æ.». 2547 ¡’ª√–¡“≥ 14.6 ≈â“πµ—π ‚¥¬¡’°“√π”‰ª„™âª√–‚¬™πåª√–¡“≥ 8.3 ≈â“πµ—π À√◊Õ§‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 57 ª√‘¡“≥¢Õß‡ ’¬„π¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡ ÷Ëß‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ®“°ªï æ.». 2546 √âÕ¬≈– 14 (√Ÿª∑’Ë 4)

°“√„™âª√–‚¬™πå¢Õß‡ ’¬„π¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡¥—ß°≈à“« à«π¡“°‡ªìπ°“√·≈°‡ª≈’Ë¬π¢Õß‡ ’¬√–À«à“ß‚√ßß“π·≈–«— ¥ÿ‡À≈◊Õ„™â‚¥¬°≈ÿà¡ºŸâº≈‘µ ºŸâπ”‡¢â“ À√◊ÕºŸâ®”Àπà“¬ ‘π§â“ (WasteExchange System) √–∫∫¡—¥®” (Deposit-Refund System)°“√®—¥°‘®°√√¡™‘ß‚™§ºà“πµ—«·∑π®”Àπà“¬ µ≈Õ¥®π°“√√—∫ ◊ÈÕ

From the above data of the beneficial use of

waste from the industrial sector, it has found out that

most of the industries have the increased rate of the

recycling, except the plastic and rubber industries,

having the reduction rate of recycling. The guideline of

promotion should be undertaken in many concurrent

methods, such as, waste-exchange system among

factories, the establishment of transforming plants, and

the promotion and campaigns, etc.

°√–¥“… 3,997,600 3,352,000 1,053,000 26 1,275,000 38 ·ª√√Ÿª„™â„À¡à

·°â« 2,009,300 2,202,300 742,5000 37 1,173,300 53 ·ª√√Ÿª„™â„À¡à/

246,300 12 249,600 11 „™â´È”

æ≈“ µ‘° 2,841,600 2,889,600 746,600 26 603,500 21 ·ª√√Ÿª„™â„À¡à

‡À≈Á° 2,632,900 5,153,000 2,139,000 81 4,648,800 90 ·ª√√Ÿª„™â„À¡à

Õ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡ 575,700 606,000 306,400 53 328,400 54 ·ª√√Ÿª„™â„À¡à

¬“ß 356,000 361,700 47,500 13 42,000 12 ·ª√√Ÿª„™â„À¡à/

24,400 7 25,600 7 „™â´È”

√«¡ 12,413,100 14,564,600 5,305,700 43 8,346,200 57

ª√–‡¿∑Õÿµ “À°√√¡

ª√‘¡“≥¢Õß‡ ’¬„π¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡ (µ—π)

ªï 2546 ªï 2547 ªï 2546µ—π µ—π√âÕ¬≈– √âÕ¬≈–

ªï 2547«‘∏’°“√

ª√‘¡“≥°“√„™âª√–‚¬™πå¢Õß‡ ’¬„π¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡

µ“√“ß∑’Ë 2 ª√‘¡“≥°“√„™âª√–‚¬™πå¢Õß‡ ’¬„π¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡√–À«à“ßªï æ.». 2546-2547

∑’Ë¡“ : √ÿª√“¬ß“π ∂“π°“√≥å¡≈æ‘…¢Õßª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2547

Paper 3,997,600 3,352,000 1,053,000 26 1,275,000 38 Transformation

Glass 2,009,300 2,202,300 742,5000 37 1,173,300 53 Transformation/

246,300 12 249,600 11 Reuse

Plastic 2,841,600 2,889,600 746,600 26 603,500 21 Transformation

Steel 2,632,900 5,153,000 2,139,000 81 4,648,800 90 Transformation

Aluminum 575,700 606,000 306,400 53 328,400 54 Transformation

Rubber 356,000 361,700 47,500 13 42,000 12 Transformation/

24,400 7 25,600 7 Reuse

Total 12,413,100 14,564,600 5,305,700 43 8,346,200 57

IndustryType

The amount of waste inthe industry (ton)

2003 2004 2003

Ton TonPercentage Percentage

2004Method

The amount of beneficial use of waste in the industry sector

Table 2 The amount of the Utilization of industrial wastes 2003-2004

Source : The summary report of pollution situation in Thailand 2004

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¢Õß‡ ’¬®“°°≈ÿà¡ºŸâª√–°Õ∫°“√√—∫ ◊ÈÕ¢Õß‡°à“ ‡ªìπµâπ ‚¥¬¡’√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥®”·π°µ“¡ª√–‡¿∑Õÿµ “À°√√¡ (µ“√“ß∑’Ë 2) ¥—ßπ’È

1. Õÿµ “À°√√¡°√–¥“… ¡’ª√‘¡“≥π”°≈—∫¡“·ª√√Ÿª„™â„À¡à ª√–¡“≥ 1.3 ≈â“πµ—π §‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 38 ¢Õßª√‘¡“≥¢Õß‡ ’¬ª√–‡¿∑°√–¥“…∑—ÈßÀ¡¥∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑» (ª√–¡“≥ 3.4≈â“πµ—π) ÷Ëß‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ®“°ªï æ.». 2546 √âÕ¬≈– 12

2. Õÿµ “À°√√¡·°â« ¡’ª√‘¡“≥°“√π”°≈—∫¡“·ª√√Ÿª„™â„À¡à·≈–„™â´È” ª√–¡“≥ 1.4 ≈â“πµ—π §‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 64 ¢Õßª√‘¡“≥¢Õß‡ ’¬ª√–‡¿∑·°â«∑—ÈßÀ¡¥∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑» (ª√–¡“≥ 2.2≈â“πµ—π) ÷Ëß‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ®“°ªï æ.». 2546 √âÕ¬≈– 15

3. Õÿµ “À°√√¡æ≈“ µ‘° ¡’ª√‘¡“≥°“√π”°≈—∫¡“·ª√√Ÿª„™â„À¡à ª√–¡“≥ 0.6 ≈â“πµ—π §‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 21 ¢Õßª√‘¡“≥¢Õß‡ ’¬ª√–‡¿∑æ≈“ µ‘°∑—ÈßÀ¡¥∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑» (ª√–¡“≥ 2.9≈â“πµ—π) ÷Ëß≈¥≈ß®“°ªï æ.». 2546 √âÕ¬≈– 5

4. Õÿµ “À°√√¡‡À≈Á° ¡’ª√‘¡“≥°“√π”°≈—∫¡“·ª√√Ÿª„™â„À¡à ª√–¡“≥ 4.6 ≈â“πµ—π §‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 90 ¢Õßª√‘¡“≥¢Õß‡ ’¬ª√–‡¿∑‡À≈Á°∑—ÈßÀ¡¥∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑» (ª√–¡“≥ 5.2 ≈â“πµ—π) ´÷Ëß‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ®“°ªï æ.». 2546 √âÕ¬≈– 9

5. Õÿµ “À°√√¡Õ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡ ¡’ª√‘¡“≥°“√π”°≈—∫¡“·ª√√Ÿª„™â„À¡à ª√–¡“≥ 0.33 ≈â“πµ—π §‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 54 ¢Õßª√‘¡“≥¢Õß‡ ’¬ª√–‡¿∑Õ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡∑—ÈßÀ¡¥∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑»(ª√–¡“≥ 0.61 ≈â“πµ—π) ÷Ëß‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ®“°ªï æ.». 2546 √âÕ¬≈– 1

6. Õÿµ “À°√√¡¬“ß ¡’ª√‘¡“≥°“√π”°≈—∫¡“·ª√√Ÿª„™â„À¡à„π√Ÿª·∫∫µà“ßÊ ª√–¡“≥ 0.07 ≈â“πµ—π §‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈–19 ¢Õßª√‘¡“≥¢Õß‡ ’¬ª√–‡¿∑¬“ß∑—ÈßÀ¡¥∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑»(ª√–¡“≥ 0.36 ≈â“πµ—π) ´÷Ëß≈¥≈ß®“°ªï æ.». 2546 √âÕ¬≈– 1

®“°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈°“√„™âª√–‚¬™πå¢Õß‡ ’¬„π¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡¢â“ßµâπ®–æ∫«à“Õÿµ “À°√√¡‡°◊Õ∫∑ÿ°ª√–‡¿∑¡’Õ—µ√“°“√π”¢Õß‡ ’¬°≈—∫¡“„™â„À¡à‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ¬°‡«âπÕÿµ “À°√√¡æ≈“ µ‘°·≈–Õÿµ “À°√√¡¬“ß∑’Ë¡’°“√„™âª√–‚¬™πå¢Õß‡ ’¬≈¥≈ß ÷Ëß·π«∑“ß°“√ àß‡ √‘¡§«√¥”‡π‘π°“√À≈“¬Ê ·π«∑“ß§«∫§Ÿà°—π‰ª ‡™àπ °“√·≈°‡ª≈’Ë¬π¢Õß‡ ’¬√–À«à“ß‚√ßß“π °“√®—¥µ—Èß‚√ßß“π·ª√√Ÿª‡æ‘Ë¡¡“°¢÷Èπ °“√√≥√ß§åª√–™“ —¡æ—π∏å ‡ªìπµâπ(°√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…)

ªí≠À“·≈–·π«‚πâ¡°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¢Õßª√–‡∑»‰∑¬„πª√–‡∑»∑’Ëæ—≤π“·≈â«·≈–ª√–‡∑»∑’Ë°”≈—ßæ—≤π“µà“ß

„Àâ§«“¡ ”§—≠°—∫°“√√—°…“ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¡“°¢÷Èπ ¡’°“√‡™◊ËÕ¡‚¬ßπ‚¬∫“¬¥â“π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡‡¢â“°—∫¡“µ√°“√¥â“π°“√‡¡◊Õß‡»√…∞°‘®·≈– —ß§¡ µ≈Õ¥®π°“√§â“√–À«à“ßª√–‡∑» ‡™àπª√–‡∑»„π°≈ÿà¡ À¿“æ¬ÿ‚√ª ‰¥â„™â¡“µ√∞“π “°≈ ISO 14000À√◊Õª√–‡∑» À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“¡’°“√°’¥°—π ‘π§â“∑’Ë àßº≈°√–∑∫

Problem and Trend of Waste Managementin Thailand

In developed and developing countries, they are

paying more importance to environmental conservation.

The environmental policies, and political, economic and

social measures along with the international trade are

connected. For example, the countries in the EU have

employed the ISO 14000 or the Unites States of America

have posed the trade barriers concerning the environment,

including the globalization trend stimulating the many

groups to be more concern of the environment.

Thailand, one of the many countries, is facing the

environmental problem, particularly the waste manage-

ment. The waste management of Thailand should control

the volume of waste generated both from the community

and industrial sectors, by encouraging the reduction of

wastes. The reuse/recycling of waste has affected the

reduction of natural raw materials in new production,

along with the decrease of waste management cost

and waste management facilities cost. The overall of

waste management in Thailand can be summarized as

follows:

1. Though the disposal of community waste, hazar-

dous waste from the industrial sector, infectious waste

from public health centers, waste from the laboratories,

and hazardous waste from overseas is under operation,

the overall of waste disposal is not qualified. That is, the

disposal of wastes in many communities are not properly

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µàÕ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ √«¡∑—Èß°√–· ‚≈°“¿‘«—µπå∑’Ë°√–µÿâπ„Àâ°≈ÿà¡æ≈—ßµà“ßÊ π„®„π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¡“°¢÷Èπ

ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‡ªìπª√–‡∑»Àπ÷Ëß∑’Ë°”≈—ßª√– ∫°—∫ªí≠À“¥â“π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–ªí≠À“°“√®—¥°“√¢¬– ´÷Ëß°“√

®—¥°“√¢¬–¢Õßª√–‡∑»‰∑¬§«√®–µâÕß§«∫§ÿ¡ª√‘¡“≥°“√

º≈‘µ¢¬–∑—Èß®“°¿“§™ÿ¡™π·≈–¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡ ‚¥¬°“√

àß‡ √‘¡„Àâ¡’°“√≈¥ª√‘¡“≥¢¬– ∑—Èßπ’È‡π◊ËÕß®“°°“√π”¢¬–∑’Ë¬—ß„™â‰¥â°≈—∫¡“„™âª√–‚¬™πå„À¡àÕ’°§√—ÈßÀπ÷Ëß ®– àßº≈¥’µàÕ°“√≈¥°“√„™â«—µ∂ÿ¥‘∫∑“ß∏√√¡™“µ‘„π°“√º≈‘µ ‘π§â“¢÷Èπ„À¡à µ≈Õ¥®π∂÷ß°“√≈¥§à“„™â®à“¬„π°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–·≈–≈¥ªí≠À“¥â“π ∂“π∑’Ë°”®—¥¢¬– „π¿“æ√«¡ªí≠À“¥â“π°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¢Õßª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ “¡“√∂ √ÿª‰¥â ¥—ßπ’È

1. °“√°”®—¥¢¬–®“°™ÿ¡™π ¢¬–Õ—πµ√“¬®“°¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡¢¬–µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ®“° ∂“πæ¬“∫“≈ ¢¬–®“°ÀâÕßªØ‘∫—µ‘°“√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ·≈–¢¬–Õ—πµ√“¬®“°µà“ßª√–‡∑» ·¡â®–¡’°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√Õ¬Ÿà·≈â«„πªí®®ÿ∫—π ·µà„π¿“æ√«¡·≈â«°“√°”®—¥¢¬– à«π„À≠à¬—ß‰¡à‰¥â¡“µ√∞“π °≈à“«§◊Õ °“√°”®—¥¢¬–™ÿ¡™πÀ≈“¬·Ààß¥”‡π‘π°“√‰¡à∂Ÿ°µâÕßµ“¡À≈—° ÿ¢“¿‘∫“≈ ·≈–°“√√—°…“ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ¡’°“√°Õß∑‘Èß°≈“ß·®âß ª≈àÕ¬„Àâ‡ªìπ·À≈àß‡æ“–æ—π∏åÿ¢Õß·¡≈ß ÀπŸ ·≈– —µ«åπ”‚√§ √«¡∑—Èß àß°≈‘Ëπ‡À¡Áπ√∫°«πµàÕ™ÿ¡™π À√◊Õ°“√°”®—¥¢¬–®“°¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡∑’Ë∂Ÿ°µâÕßµ“¡À≈—° ÿ¢“¿‘∫“≈¬—ß¥”‡π‘π°“√‰¡à∑—Ë«∂÷ß ‚¥¬„πªí®®ÿ∫—π¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡º≈‘µ¢¬–‰¡àÕ—πµ√“¬ª√–¡“≥ 3 ≈â“πµ—π/ªï·≈–¢¬–Õ—πµ√“¬ª√–¡“≥ 1.24 ≈â“πµ—π/ªï ·µà¡’°“√π”‰ª°”®—¥Õ¬à“ß∂Ÿ°À≈—° ÿ¢“¿‘∫“≈‰¡à‡°‘π 5 · πµ—π/ªï À√◊Õ 40%¢Õß∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ´÷Ëß· ¥ß«à“¢¬–Õ—πµ√“¬®“°¿“§Õÿµ “À°√√¡®”π«π¡“°‰¡à‰¥â∂Ÿ°°”®—¥Õ¬à“ß∂Ÿ°µâÕß µ≈Õ¥®πÕß§å°√ª°§√Õß à«π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ à«π„À≠à¢“¥»—°¬¿“æ„π°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ ‚¥¬æ∫«à“ ∂“πæ¬“∫“≈ à«π„À≠à‚¥¬‡©æ“–¿“§‡Õ°™π‰¡à¡’‡µ“‡º“¢¬–µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ¢Õßµπ‡Õß °≈à“«§◊Õ °“√°”®—¥¢¬–µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ¬—ß‰¡à§√∫∑ÿ°·À≈àß°”‡π‘¥ ·≈–°“√√«∫√«¡¢¬–µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ¢Õß ∂“πæ¬“∫“≈¬—ß∑”‰¡à∂Ÿ°«‘∏’ ∑”„Àâ¢¬–µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ∫“ß à«πª–ªπ°—∫¢¬–∑—Ë«‰ª

πÕ°®“°π’È¡’°“√π”‡¢â“º≈‘µ¿—≥±åÀ√◊Õ ‘Ëß¢Õß∑’Ë∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπ¢¬–Õ—πµ√“¬®“°µà“ßª√–‡∑»Õ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß‡æ◊ËÕπ”‡¢â“¡“‡ªìπ«—µ∂ÿ¥‘∫ ”À√—∫°“√º≈‘µ ‘π§â“¿“¬„πª√–‡∑» ‚¥¬¢“¥°“√§«∫§ÿ¡∑’Ë√—¥°ÿ¡ ´÷Ëß«— ¥ÿ‡À≈◊Õ„™â®“° ‘π§â“À√◊Õº≈‘µ¿—≥±å‡À≈à“π—Èπ‡ªìπ¢¬–Õ—πµ√“¬µàÕ “∏“√≥– ·≈–®“°°“√»÷°…“«‘®—¬„πÀâÕßªØ‘∫—µ‘°“√¢ÕßÀπà«¬ß“π∑—Èß¢Õß¿“§√—∞·≈–‡Õ°™π·≈– ∂“∫—πÕÿ¥¡»÷°…“µà“ßÊ ¡’°“√„™â “√‡§¡’∑’Ë‡ªìπÕ—πµ√“¬´÷ËßÕ“®¡’°“√√–∫“¬ Ÿà “∏“√≥–‚¥¬∑’Ë¬—ß‰¡à¡’°“√°”®—¥∑’Ë∂Ÿ°µâÕßµ“¡À≈—°«‘™“°“√

2. Õ—µ√“°“√º≈‘µ¢¬–∑ÿ°ª√–‡¿∑¢Õßª√–™“™π¡’·π«‚πâ¡

managed in accordance with the sanitary standard

and environmental conservation; the disposal of waste

in the public areas still exists, leaving it as the breeding

sites for insects, rats, and carrier-disease animals, includ-

ing creating smelly odor disturbing community, or the

sanitary of waste disposal in the industrial sector has not

yet been widespread. The industrial sector currently has

produced 3 million tons of non-hazardous wastes and

1.24 million tons of hazardous ones, but the sanitary

waste disposal of no more than 500,000 tons of wastes,

40% of the total, are under operation. This indicates

that most of hazardous waste from the industrial sector

is improperly disposed of. Most of local administration is

inefficient in handling the infectious waste disposal. It

has been found that most of the public health centers

particularly in the private sectors do not have their own

infectious-waste-combustors, that is, the disposal of

infectious wastes is not processed at its origin and the

collection of infectious waste of the public health cen-

ters are improperly handled, causing the mix of some

of the infectious waste with the ordinary ones.

Moreover, there is continuous import of products or

those considered hazards from overseas as raw materials

for domestic production, without strict control. The material

residues from those goods or products are hazardous

wastes to community and the researches of laboratories

form both government and private sectors and institutions

use hazardous chemicals, which might be disposed to

public areas without the appropriate technical method

of disposal.

2. The rate of all types of wastes is in the rising

trend, so does the waste generated from the business,

trade, and industrial sectors due to the economic

expansionûs rate. This trend owes to the lack of economic

tools to encourage people, schools, educational institutions,

community, and private businesses to reduce the volume

of waste and promote its reuse/recycling. There are no

measures in promoting the second-hand repurchase

business, packaging residues, and excessive materials

that are difficult to dispose. Also there is no clear policy

from the government based on çthe pollution creator is

the one who pays,é as set in the Development Plan

Number 9 to motivate us to reduce the amount of waste

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‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ √«¡∑—Èß°“√º≈‘µ¢¬–„π¿“§∏ÿ√°‘® °“√§â“ Õÿµ “À°√√¡¡’Õ—µ√“‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπµ“¡°“√¢¬“¬µ—«∑“ß‡»√…∞°‘® ‡π◊ËÕß®“°¬—ß‰¡à¡’°“√„™â‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ∑“ß‡»√…∞»“ µ√å„π°“√®Ÿß„®„Àâª√–™“™π‚√ß‡√’¬π ∂“∫—π°“√»÷°…“ ™ÿ¡™π ·≈–∏ÿ√°‘®‡Õ°™π ≈¥ª√‘¡“≥¢¬–·≈– àß‡ √‘¡°“√π”¢¬–°≈—∫¡“„™âª√–‚¬™πå„À¡à ·≈–¬—ß‰¡à¡’¡“µ√°“√ àß‡ √‘¡∏ÿ√°‘®√—∫ ◊ÈÕ§◊π´“°∫√√®ÿ¿—≥±å·≈–«— ¥ÿ‡À≈◊Õ„™â∑’Ë¡’°“√„™âÕ¬à“ßøÿÉ¡‡øóÕ¬À√◊Õ°”®—¥¬“° µ≈Õ¥®π¬—ß‰¡à¡’¡“µ√°“√¢Õß√—∞µ“¡À≈—°°“√ çºŸâ°àÕ¡≈æ‘…‡ªìπºŸâ®à“¬é ∑’Ë°”Àπ¥‰«â„π·ºπæ—≤π“œ ©∫—∫∑’Ë 9 ∑’Ë™—¥‡®π ‡æ◊ËÕ®Ÿß„®„Àâ≈¥ª√‘¡“≥¢¬–·≈– àß‡ √‘¡°“√π”¢¬–°≈—∫¡“„™âª√–‚¬™πå„À¡à

3. °ÆÀ¡“¬¥â“π°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–°”Àπ¥„Àâ¡’À≈“¬Àπà«¬ß“π

√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫„π‡√◊ËÕß¢¬– ∑”„Àâª√–™“™πÀ√◊Õ‡Õ°™π ÷ËßµâÕß∂Ÿ°∫—ß§—∫„™âµ“¡°ÆÀ¡“¬‡°‘¥§«“¡ —∫ π ‡°‘¥æƒµ‘°√√¡∑’Ë‡∫’Ë¬ß‡∫π®“°°Æ‡°≥±å¢Õß —ß§¡ à«π‡®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë¥â“π°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¡’§«“¡ —∫ π‰¡à·πà„®„πÕ”π“®Àπâ“∑’Ë √«¡∑—Èß¡’ªí≠À“°“√ª√– “πß“π√–À«à“ßÀπà«¬ß“π∑’Ë‡°’Ë¬«¢âÕß∑—Èß„π à«π°≈“ß·≈– à«π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ„π°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–

4. ‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’‡æ◊ËÕ°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¬—ß¡’√“§“·æß·≈–°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘µ∑’Ë –Õ“¥¬—ß‰¡à‰¥â√—∫°“√ àß‡ √‘¡„Àâ¡’°“√π”¡“„™âÕ¬à“ß·æ√àÀ≈“¬ °≈à“«§◊Õ ‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ ”À√—∫°”®—¥¢¬–„πªí®®ÿ∫—π∑’Ë„™âÕ¬à“ß·æ√àÀ≈“¬„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ‡™àπ °“√Ωíß°≈∫°“√„™â‡µ“‡º“ ·≈–°“√À¡—°ªÿÜ¬ ‡ªìπµâπ ¬—ß¡’√“§“·æß ·≈–¡’≈‘¢ ‘∑∏‘Ï®“°µà“ßª√–‡∑»‡ªìπ à«π„À≠à ∑”„Àâ ‡ªìπ¿“√–§à“„™â®à“¬·°àÕß§å°√ª°§√Õß à«π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ·≈–¿“§‡Õ°™π¢Õß‰∑¬ ®÷ß®”‡ªìπµâÕß®—¥À“‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’∑’Ë¡’√“§“∂Ÿ°·≈– “¡“√∂°”®—¥¢¬–‰¥â∂Ÿ°À≈—° ÿ¢“¿‘∫“≈µ“¡∑’Ë°√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…°”Àπ¥

and promote its reuse/recycling.

3. The waste disposal laws have regulated many

agencies to be held responsible for waste management,

thus, creating frustration and behavior deviated from

the social rules among people and private sectors which

are abided by law. As for the officials, who are responsible

for waste management, are also confused of their

authorities and duties, and there is the problem of

coordination between agencies involved both in the

central and local administrations.

4. The cost of waste disposal technology remains

high and the hygienic manufacturing process has not

yet been widely supported. The cost of technology of

waste disposal widely deployed in Thailand today, such

as landfills, combustors, and composting, remains high

and most of them are under patent form overseas, thus

creating burdens to the cost of local administration

and private sector of Thailand. It is, therefore, necessary

to find the cheap, effective, and sanitary technology

to dispose of wastes as set by the Pollution Control

Department.

5. People, local community and private organizations

have not yet been promoted to be part of the waste

management with the government sector.

6. People in general are still lack of knowledge in

waste management ranging from the separation of

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waste, the reuse/recycling of it, and the establishment

of waste banks, including responsibilities and disciplines

of waste in the public.

7. The problem of waste management from the

industrial plants exists. Dumping waste from the manu-

facturing process to the environment is detrimental,

though these wastes might be useful for other industrial

plants. And most of industrial factories donÕt adopt the

use of clean technology and the manufacturing process,

creating excessive energy consumption and increased

of industrial wastes, harmful to the environment.

SummaryThe problem of waste in Thailand is still on the rise

though the waste disposal and its reuse/recycling have

been increased. The policies and measures of waste

disposal, focusing on the maximization of effective waste

reduction, have succeeded at one level but the long-

term solution to the waste problem heavily counts on

the cooperation and consciousness of all the people.

Organizations, therefore, both government and private

sectors should cooperate in promoting consciousness of

cleanliness, littering in proper places, separation of waste

before dumping in the dumpsters, for Thailand to be a

better, cleaner, beautiful, and better-environmental place

for living. People are happy and so is their quality of

life.

5. ª√–™“™π ™ÿ¡™π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ ·≈–Õß§å°√¿“§‡Õ°™π¬—ß‰¡à‰¥â√—∫°“√ àß‡ √‘¡„Àâ¡’ à«π√à«¡„π°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–√à«¡°—∫¿“§√—∞Õ¬à“ß‡æ’¬ßæÕ

6. ª√–™“™π‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª¬—ß¢“¥Õß§å§«“¡√Ÿâ„π°“√®—¥°“√¢¬– µ—Èß·µà°“√§—¥·¬°¢¬– °“√π”°≈—∫¡“„™âª√–‚¬™πå„À¡à ·≈–°“√®—¥µ—Èß∏π“§“√¢¬– √«¡∑—Èß√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫·≈–°“√¡’«‘π—¬„π‡√◊ËÕß¢¬–µàÕ à«π√«¡

7. ªí≠À“°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–®“°‚√ßß“πÕÿµ “À°√√¡ ¡’°“√∑‘Èß°“°¢Õß‡ ’¬Õÿµ “À°√√¡®“°°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘µÕÕ° Ÿà¿“«–·«¥≈âÕ¡ ∑—Èß∑’Ë°“°¢Õß‡ ’¬¥—ß°≈à“«Õ“®‡ªìπª√–‚¬™πå°—∫‚√ßß“πÕÿµ “À°√√¡·ÀàßÕ◊Ëπ ·≈–‚√ßß“πÕÿµ “À°√√¡ à«π„À≠à¬—ß‰¡àπ”‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ –Õ“¥¡“„™â„π°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘µ ∑”„Àâ ‘Èπ‡ª≈◊Õßæ≈—ßß“π·≈–‡æ‘Ë¡°“°¢Õß‡ ’¬Õÿµ “À°√√¡∑’Ë‡ªìπæ‘…µàÕ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡

√ÿªªí≠À“¢¬–„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬¬—ß§ß¡’·π«‚πâ¡‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ·¡â®–

¡’°“√®—¥‡°Á∫¢¬–π”‰ª∑”≈“¬·≈–π”°≈—∫¡“„™â„À¡à‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπµ≈Õ¥®π¡’¡“µ√°“√π‚¬∫“¬µà“ßÊ „π°“√°”®—¥¢¬–‚¥¬¡ÿàßµâÕß°“√„Àâ≈¥ª√‘¡“≥¢¬–≈ß„Àâ‰¥â¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥Õ¬à“ß¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ´÷Ëß°Áª√– ∫º≈ ”‡√Á®„π√–¥—∫Àπ÷Ëß ·µà°“√·°â‰¢ªí≠À“¢¬–Õ¬à“ß¬—Ëß¬◊π¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ·≈–®‘µ ”π÷°¢Õßª√–™“™π„π™“µ‘∑ÿ°§π ¥—ßπ—ÈπÕß§å°√∑—Èß¿“§√—∞·≈–¿“§‡Õ°™π§«√√à«¡¡◊Õ°—π√≥√ß§å √â“ß®‘µ ”π÷°„Àâ°—∫ª√–™“™πÕ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß„π°“√√—°…“§«“¡ –Õ“¥ ∑‘Èß¢¬–„Àâ∂Ÿ°∑’Ë §—¥·¬°¢¬–°àÕπ∑‘Èß„π∑’Ë°”Àπ¥ ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‡ªìπª√–‡∑»πà“Õ¬Ÿà –Õ“¥ «¬ß“¡ ·≈–¡’ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’Ë¥’ ºŸâ§π¡’§«“¡ ÿ¢·≈–∑”„Àâ§ÿ≥¿“æ™’«‘µ¢Õß§π„π™“µ‘¡’§«“¡‡ªìπÕ¬Ÿà∑’Ë¥’µàÕ‰ª

Õâ“ßÕ‘ß1. √ÿª ∂“π°“√≥å¡≈æ‘…¢Õßª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ªï æ.». 2545,

°√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…2. √ÿª ∂“π°“√≥å¡≈æ‘…¢Õßª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ªï æ.». 2546,

°√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…3. √ÿª ∂“π°“√≥å¡≈æ‘…¢Õßª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ªï æ.». 2547,

°√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…4. §«“¡‡ÀÁπ·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π–‡√◊ËÕßπ‚¬∫“¬°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¢Õß‰∑¬

‚¥¬ ¿“∑’Ëª√÷°…“‡»√…∞°‘®·≈– —ß§¡·Ààß™“µ‘ ªï æ.». 2547

Reference1. The summary of pollution situation in

Thailand, 2002-2004

2. Opinions and Suggestions of the Thailand

Waste Management by National Economic

and Social Advisory Council, 2004

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“√§¥’À≈—° ‚¥¬ : ÿ¥“√—™ ‘ßÀ‚°«‘π∑å

Main Feature by : Sudarach Singhagowin

¡Õß‰ª∑“ß‰Àπ‰¡à«à“®–Õ¬Ÿà∫π√∂‡¡≈å ∫π∑âÕß∂ππ „π∫â“π „π∑’Ë∑”ß“π ∑ÿ°∑’Ë∑ÿ°·Ààß‡√“®–‡ÀÁπ¿“æ°“√„™â‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ ‡ªìπ‡À¡◊Õπ°‘®«—µ√ª√–®”«—π¢Õß∑ÿ°§π ‡¡◊ËÕ®–µ◊Ëπ¢÷Èπ¡“ ‘Ëß·√°∑’Ë§π„π‡¡◊Õß —¡º— ∂â“‰¡à„™à‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ °Á√’‚¡µ∑’«’√’‚¡µ‡§√◊ËÕßª√—∫Õ“°“» √Õ∫µ—«‡√“¡’·µàÕÿª°√≥åÕ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å∑—Èß ‘Èπ ‡√“¡Õß‡ÀÁπ·µà§«“¡ –¥«°·≈–§ÿ≥ª√–‚¬™πå„π°“√„™âß“π ·µàÕ’°¡ÿ¡∑’Ë‡√“Õ“®¡Õß¢â“¡...1∑√“∫‰À¡„π∑ÿ°ªï®–¡’‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ·≈–§Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√åÀ≈“¬· π‡§√◊ËÕß∂Ÿ°π”‰ªΩíß°≈∫·≈–‡º“∑‘Èß ª√‘¡“≥¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å∑—Ë«‚≈°°”≈—ß‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷ÈπÕ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á«‚¥¬„π·µà≈–ªï®–¡’¡“°∂÷ß 20-50 ≈â“πµ—π∑’‡¥’¬«

Wherever we look-on the bus, on the road, at home, in workplace,

everywhere, we see a picture of people using mobile phones as if itûs

everyoneûs routine. Once being awake, first thing people in a big city

touches, if not a mobile phone, is either a TV remote control, or an air

conditioning remote control. All around us is electronics equipment. We

only see one side of a coin, that is, conveniences and benefits. But

there is another view we might overlook... 1Do you know that hundred

thousands of cell phones and computer will be buried in landfills and

burnt annually? The amount of this electronic waste of the world is

increasing drastically with 20-50 million tons a year.

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ç¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° åé ‰¡à‰¥â®”°—¥Õ¬Ÿà·§à‡æ’¬ß¡◊Õ∂◊Õ°—∫§Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√å‡∑à“π—Èπ ¬—ß√«¡‰ª∂÷ß‡§√◊ËÕß„™â‰øøÑ“Õ◊ËπÊ ¥â«¬ªí®®ÿ∫—ππ’È‡√“°”≈—ß πÿ°·≈–µ◊Ëπ‡µâπ°—∫°“√„™â‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ ®πÀ≈ß≈◊¡«à“ ‘ËßÕ”π«¬§«“¡ –¥«°‡°‘π§«“¡®”‡ªìπ‡À≈à“π’È „πÕπ“§µ‰¡à‰°≈®–°àÕªí≠À“ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡„Àâ¬âÕπ°≈—∫¡“À“‡√“À≈“¬∑à“π∂◊Õ¡◊Õ∂◊Õ√ÿàπ‰Œ‡∑§·µà„™â‰¡à‡ªìπ „™â·§à√—∫ “¬ ‚∑√ÕÕ°À√◊Õ àß¢âÕ§«“¡ ‰¡à‰¥â„™â‡µÁ¡ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ¢Õßµ—«‡§√◊ËÕß À√◊Õ∂â“≈Õßæ‘®“√≥“ ‘Ëß√Õ∫µ—«¢Õß∑à“π«à“Õ–‰√∑’Ë‡ªìπÕÿª°√≥åÕ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å∫â“ß ·≈â«≈Õß∫—π∑÷°‡ªìπ≈”¥—∫¡“ ∑à“πÕ“®æ∫µ—«‡≈¢∑’Ëπà“µ°„® ∑’Ë∑à“π¡’‡§√◊ËÕß„™â‡°‘π§«“¡®”‡ªìπ¡“°¡“¬¢π“¥‰Àπ §«“¡§‘¥∑’Ëµ◊Èπ‡¢‘ππ’È°”≈—ß √â“ß∞“πªí≠À“ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡„πÕπ“§µ„Àâ¡—Ëπ§ß¡“°¢÷Èπ ¿—¬√â“¬∑’Ë®–µ“¡¡“„πÕπ“§µ¬—ß·Õ∫´àÕπÕ¬Ÿà„π¡ÿ¡¡◊¥ ‰¡à¬Õ¡· ¥ß¿—¬ÕÕ°¡“„Àâ‡ÀÁπ®π°«à“®–∂÷ß«—π∑’Ë¬“°·°â‰¢·≈â«π—Ëπ·À≈–‡√“®÷ß®–‡ÀÁπ‚∑…¿—¬¢Õß¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å‡À≈à“π’È

ªí®®ÿ∫—ππ’È‡√“„™â°“√Ωíß°≈∫„π°“√°”®—¥¢¬– ÷ËßµâÕß¡’¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° åª–ªπ‰ªÕ¬à“ß·πàπÕπ ‚¥¬ “√æ‘…‡À≈à“π’È°Á®–·∑√° ÷¡ Ÿà ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡·≈–„π∑’Ë ÿ¥°Á«°°≈—∫¡“À“¡πÿ…¬åπ—Ëπ‡Õß

°≈ÿà¡‡ ’Ë¬ß∑’Ë®–‰¥â√—∫ “√æ‘…®“°¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å‡À≈à“π’È§◊Õ §πß“π∑’Ëª√–°Õ∫°“√„π‚√ßß“π∑”‰ø©“¬·≈–·∫µ‡µÕ√’ËÀ√◊Õ§πß“π‡°Á∫¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬ ™“«∫â“π∑’Ë¡“¢ÿ¥§ÿâ¬¢¬– ·≈–ª√–™“™π∑’ËÕ“»—¬Õ¬Ÿà√Õ∫Ê ∂“π∑’Ë°”®—¥¢¬– ‚¥¬ “√æ‘…‡À≈à“π’È “¡“√∂‡¢â“ Ÿà√à“ß°“¬‚¥¬°“√À“¬„®‡Õ“ΩÿÉπ·≈–‰Õ√–‡À¬‡¢â“‰ª À√◊Õ‚¥¬°“√°‘πÕ“À“√∑’Ë¡’ “√¥—ß°≈à“«ªπ‡ªóôÕπ À√◊Õ¥Ÿ¥´÷¡ºà“π∑“ßº‘«Àπ—ß

çElectronic wasteé is not limited to only cell phone,

but also included other electric appliances. We today

are having fun and excited of the use of technology so

much that we forget that the excessive convenience of

these will in the near future become the environmental

problem, a payback to us. Many of us own a hi-tech

cell phone but use only the features of ringing in and

out or sending SMS. A full effective capacity of the cell

phone has not been fully exploited. Or come to con-

sider things around you; what are electronics equip-

ment and then list them down. You might find some

intriguing figures and realize you own excessive elec-

tronic tool more than you need. This shallow thought is

creating the secure fundamental for the problematic

environment in the future. The coming catastrophe is

hiding itself in the dark, not yet exerting its power until

the day itûs difficult to be dealt with. And that is when

we come into the reality of perils the electronic waste

causes.

We today use landfill as a method of waste disposal,

which unavoidably contains electronic waste. These toxic

substances will linger to the environment and definitely

bounce back to human.

The groups at risk of hazardous substances exposure

include workers in facilities producing flashlight and battery

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”À√—∫ª√–™“™π∑—Ë«‰ª§«√√–¡—¥√–«—ß„π°“√„™â·≈–°”®—¥Õÿª°√≥åÕ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å ‡™àπ ‰¡à§«√π”Õÿª°√≥åÕ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å∑’Ë‡ ◊ËÕ¡§ÿ≥¿“æ·≈â«°≈—∫¡“„™âÕ’° ‰¡à∑‘Èß´“°∑’Ë„™â·≈â«≈ß Ÿà·À≈àßπÈ” ∑àÕ√–∫“¬πÈ” À√◊Õπ”‰ª‡º“ ·≈–§«√À≈’°‡≈’Ë¬ß°“√ —¡º— °—∫´“°Õÿª°√≥åÕ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å∑’Ë·µ°À—° ¡’°“√√—Ë«‰À≈ “√‡§¡’‚¥¬µ√ß ‡π◊ËÕß®“°Õÿª°√≥åÕ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å√«¡∂÷ß·ºß«ß®√Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° åµà“ßÊ ¡’‚≈À–Àπ—°·≈– “√‡§¡’‡ªìπÕß§åª√–°Õ∫Õ¬Ÿà¥â«¬ ÷Ëß®–‡ªìπÕ—πµ√“¬µàÕ ÿ¢¿“æ√à“ß°“¬À“°¡’°“√ —¡º— ‡ªìπ√–¬–‡«≈“π“π

µ—«Õ¬à“ß¢Õß‚≈À–Àπ—°∑’Ë‡ªìπÕß§åª√–°Õ∫„πÕÿª°√≥åÕ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å

“√µ–°—Ë« ÷Ëß à«π„À≠à¡“®“°·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë ”À√—∫Õÿª°√≥åÕ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° åÕ◊ËπÊ ‰¥â·°à ·ºπ«ß®√æ‘¡æå (PCB) æ∫ “√µ–°—Ë«ª√–¡“≥ 50 °√—¡/µ“√“ß‡¡µ√ À≈Õ¥¿“æ√—ß ’·§‚∑¥

or waste workers, scavengers, and people living around

the waste disposal facility. These toxic substances can

be absorbed into the body through breathing of dust

and vapor or eating food that is contaminated by the

said substances or absorbing through skin.

For people in general, they should be careful when

using and eliminating this electronic appliances, for

example, do not reuse decayed electronic equipment,

do not dispose its residues into water source, sewage,

or burning and avoid direct contact with broken elec-

tronic residues, which cause direct leakage of chemical

substances because these electronic tools as well as

printed circuit boards contain heavy metals and chemi-

cal substances as constituents, which are detrimental to

health if contact in long period.

µ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 Õ“¬ÿ°“√„™âß“π‡©≈’Ë¬¢Õßº≈‘µ¿—≥±å‡§√◊ËÕß„™â‰øøÑ“·≈–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° åTable 1 The average life span of electric appliances and electronics products

º≈‘µ¿—≥±å/Product

Õ“¬ÿ°“√„™âß“π‡©≈’Ë¬/Average Life Span

‚∑√∑—»πå / Television 18 ªï/years

µŸâ‡¬Áπ / Refrigerator 14 ªï/years

‡§√◊ËÕß —°ºâ“ / Washing machine 12 ªï/years

‡§√◊ËÕßª√—∫Õ“°“» / Air Conditioning 10 ªï/years

‡§√◊ËÕß§Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√å / Computer 7 ªï/years

®Õ§Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√å·∫∫ CRT / Cathode ray tube-computer monitor 9 ªï/years

‡§√◊ËÕß‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ / Mobile phone 2 ªï/years

·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ / Mobile phone battery 1 ªï/year

À≈Õ¥ø≈ŸÕÕ‡√ ‡´πµå / Fluorescent lamp 1 ªï/year

∂à“π‰ø©“¬ / Battery 2 ‡¥◊Õπ/months

∑’Ë¡“: °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…, 2547 ‚§√ß°“√®—¥∑”¡“µ√°“√‡√’¬°§◊π´“°º≈‘µ¿—≥±å‡§√◊ËÕß„™â‰øøÑ“·≈–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° åSource: The Pollution Control Department, 2004 The Project of Measures on the Recovery of Residues of Electric

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(CRTs) ¢Õß®Õ§Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√å 1 ‡§√◊ËÕß æ∫ “√µ–°—Ë«ª√–¡“≥0.4 °‘‚≈°√—¡ ‚∑√∑—»πå 1 ‡§√◊ËÕß æ∫ “√µ–°—Ë«ª√–¡“≥ 2°‘‚≈°√—¡ À≈Õ¥‰øøÑ“ø≈ŸÕÕ‡√ ‡ π å°Á¡’ “√µ–°—Ë«‡ªìπÕß§åª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬‡™àπ°—π

·§¥‡¡’Ë¬¡ ¡—°æ∫„π·ºàπ«ß®√ PCB µ—«µâ“π∑“π À≈Õ¥¿“æ√—ß ’·§‚∑¥ œ≈œ

ª√Õ∑ ¡—°æ∫„π «‘µ™å§«∫§ÿ¡°“√ªî¥-‡ªî¥ ·ºàπ«ß®√PCB À≈Õ¥‰ø ·≈–‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ ®Õ¿“æ· ¥ßº≈µà“ßÊ ¢ÕßÕÿª°√≥åÕ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å∑ÿ°ª√–‡¿∑ œ≈œ

Õÿª°√≥åÕ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å·≈–·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë‡À≈à“π’È À“°‰¡à‰¥â√—∫°“√®—¥°“√Õ¬à“ß∂Ÿ°«‘∏’ ‚Õ°“ ∑’Ë®–‡°‘¥°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπµàÕ·À≈àßπÈ” º‘«¥‘π æ◊Èπ¥‘π ·≈–∫√√¬“°“» ·≈â«·æ√à‰ª Ÿà§π æ◊™·≈– —µ«å °àÕ„Àâ‡°‘¥¡≈æ‘…·≈–Õ—πµ√“¬µàÕ¡πÿ…¬å„π∑’Ë ÿ¥ ÷Ëßæ‘…¿—¬·≈–Õ—πµ√“¬µà“ßÊ ¬—ß‰¡à· ¥ßº≈ÕÕ°„Àâ‡ÀÁπ„π∑—π∑’∑—π„¥ ·µà®–§àÕ¬Ê – ¡§«“¡√ÿπ·√ß ·≈â«· ¥ßÕÕ°¡“‡À¡◊Õπ√–‡∫‘¥‡«≈“∑’Ëµ—Èß‡«≈“‰«â √Õ«—π√–‡∫‘¥„Àâ§π‡√“µ—Èßµ—«·∑∫‰¡à∑—π∑’‡¥’¬«

„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬¬—ß‰¡à¡’°“√ ”√«®ª√‘¡“≥¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å(Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipments : WEEE)·µà¡’°“√√«∫√«¡ ∂‘µ‘ª√‘¡“≥°“√®”Àπà“¬‡§√◊ËÕß„™â‰øøÑ“¿“¬„πª√–‡∑» ·≈–ª√‘¡“≥°“√π”‡¢â“‡§√◊ËÕß„™â‰øøÑ“ ·≈–™‘Èπ à«π®“°µà“ßª√–‡∑» ´÷Ëß‡¡◊ËÕπ”¡“ª√–‡¡‘π√à«¡°—∫Õ“¬ÿ°“√„™âß“π‡©≈’Ë¬¢Õß‡§√◊ËÕß„™â‰øøÑ“·µà≈–ª√–‡¿∑ °Á “¡“√∂ª√–¡“≥°“√¢Õß‡ ’¬∑’Ë®–‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ„πÕπ“§µ‰¥â

Examples of Heavy Metals of ElectronicEquipment as Constituents

Lead mostly contains in battery. Other electronic

appliances contain lead include printed circuit board

(PBC) containing 50 grams of lead per square meter,

cathode ray tubes (CRTs) of a computer monitor con-

taining about 0.4 kilograms of lead, a television set

containing about 2 kilograms of lead, and a fluorescent

lamp also containing lead.

Cadmium mostly found in printed circuit boards

(PBC), resistors, and cathode ray tubes, etc.

Mercury mostly found in controlling on-off switch,

printed circuit boards (PBC), lamp, and mobile phone,

output monitor of all electronic equipment, etc.

These electronic equipment and batteries, if

improperly managed, might contaminate water source,

soil surface, ground, and in the atmosphere and then

spread to human, vegetation and animals, at the end

causing pollution and hazards to human. Such toxics

and perils are not effective all at once but slowly accumulate

its intense severity and explode like a time bombing.

They are just waiting for the right time to explode so

abruptly that we are not prepared for it.

In Thailand, the survey of the amount of electronic

waste hasnût been carried out (Waste Electrical and

Electronic Equipments : WEEE) but the statistics of the

number of domestic electric appliances sold and the

amount of imported electric appliances and components

from overseas are compiled. While considered the

amount of these with the average product life span of

each type of electronic equipment, the estimates of

the volume of waste in the future can be determined.

In many countries, the residues of electronics

appliances and products have been managed, for

example, in Japan, Home Appliance Recycling Law

has been issued, which in the first stage, has imposed

on the control of 4 types of electric appliances, that is,

refrigerators, air conditionings, televisions and washing

machines. The law sets the proportion of the product

components to be reused (percentage compared with

the product weight). This provision has been enforced

to manufacturers to design new products which are

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easier for recycling and contain the proportional rate

of components that are recyclable as imposed by law.

The law also prohibits the disposal of old electric appliances

similar as general waste, requiring the systemic storage

for further recycling or correct disposal. For the United

States of America, no particular provision on the electronic

waste management has been issued. However, such

manufacturers as Sony, IBM, etc. are voluntarily open

for the return of electric appliances for recycling, aiming

at building good image of the company environmental

conservation.

The disposal of electric appliances and electronicsÕ

residues in Thailand is still lack of proper management.

90% of the total amount of WEEE has been dumped

together with the community waste at the landfill sites,

which are not designed to support the hazardous waste.

Some off-spec products are kept as waste at the

„πÀ≈“¬Ê ª√–‡∑»‰¥â¡’°“√®—¥°“√°—∫´“°º≈‘µ¿—≥±å‡§√◊ËÕß„™â‰øøÑ“·≈–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å ‡™àπ ª√–‡∑»≠’ËªÿÉπ ‰¥âÕÕ°°ÆÀ¡“¬ àß‡ √‘¡°“√√’‰´‡§‘≈‡§√◊ËÕß„™â„π∫â“π (Home ApplianceRecycling Law) ‚¥¬„π√–¬–·√°°ÆÀ¡“¬‡πâπ§«∫§ÿ¡‡§√◊ËÕß„™â‰øøÑ“ 4 ª√–‡¿∑ ‰¥â·°à µŸâ‡¬Áπ ‡§√◊ËÕßª√—∫Õ“°“»‚∑√∑—»πå ·≈–‡§√◊ËÕß —°ºâ“ ‚¥¬°ÆÀ¡“¬‰¥â°”Àπ¥ —¥ à«πÕß§åª√–°Õ∫¢Õß ‘π§â“∑’Ë®–µâÕßπ”°≈—∫¡“„™â„À¡à (‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈–‡∑’¬∫°—∫πÈ”Àπ—° ‘π§â“) °ÆÀ¡“¬©∫—∫π’È®÷ß¡’º≈∫—ß§—∫„ÀâºŸâº≈‘µ®–µâÕßÕÕ°·∫∫ ‘π§â“„À¡à‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâßà“¬µàÕ°“√√’‰´‡§‘≈·≈–¡’ —¥ à«π°“√∑’Ë “¡“√∂√’‰´‡§‘≈‰¥âµ“¡∑’Ë°ÆÀ¡“¬°”Àπ¥·≈–°ÆÀ¡“¬Àâ“¡∑‘Èß‡§√◊ËÕß„™â‰øøÑ“‡°à“„π≈—°…≥–¢¬–∑—Ë«‰ª ‚¥¬°”Àπ¥„Àâ®—¥‡°Á∫Õ¬à“ß‡ªìπ√–∫∫ ‡æ◊ËÕπ”‰ª√’‰´‡§‘≈À√◊Õ°”®—¥Õ¬à“ß∂Ÿ°µâÕßµàÕ‰ª ”À√—∫ À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“¬—ß‰¡à¡’°ÆÀ¡“¬‡©æ“–„π‡√◊ËÕß°“√®—¥°“√¢Õß‡ ’¬Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å ·µàÕ¬à“ß‰√°Áµ“¡ ¡’ºŸâº≈‘µ∫“ß√“¬ ‡™àπ ‚´π’Ë ‰Õ∫’‡ÕÁ¡ œ≈œ ∑’Ë√—∫§◊π‡§√◊ËÕß„™â‰øøÑ“∑’Ëº≈‘µ·≈–®”Àπà“¬„π À√—∞œ ‡æ◊ËÕπ”‰ª√’‰´‡§‘≈Õ¬à“ß ¡—§√„®‡æ◊ËÕ √â“ß¿“æ≈—°…≥å„π°“√√—°…“ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡·°à∫√‘…—∑

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Õâ“ßÕ‘ß1. Àπ—ß ◊Õæ‘¡æå°√ÿß‡∑æ∏ÿ√°‘® «—π∑’Ë 25 ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2548

§Õ≈—¡πå§ÿ≥¿“æ™’«‘µ-°“√»÷°…“2. CAMEO Chemical Database-Response

Information Data Sheet çCopperé.3. Vom Himmel Kommt., Zum Himmel Steigt.,

Und wieder nieder., Zur Erdeû muss and Ewigwechselnd. Health risks of water and sanitation.National Institute for Public Health andEnvironmental (RIVM). The Ministry ofHousing, Spatial Planning and the Environment,The Netherlands. Page 62-64.

4. www.Atsda.cdc.gov/tfacts 132.html. Copper.5. »Ÿπ¬å¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈æ‘…«‘∑¬“‚√§6. Àπ—ß ◊Õ¿“«–¡≈æ‘… ¿—¬„°≈âµ—« ”π—°ß“π§≥–

°√√¡°“√ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡·Ààß™“µ‘ °√–∑√«ß«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ ·≈–°“√æ≈—ßß“π

7. Õ—πµ√“¬®“°ª√Õ∑ ‚¥¬ ®‘√“¿√≥å ÕË”æ—π∏å»Ÿπ¬å«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å°“√·æ∑¬å æ‘…≥ÿ‚≈°

8. Àπ—ß ◊Õ§«“¡√Ÿâ ‘Ëß‡ªìπæ‘… µÕπ∑’Ë 14 æ.». 2543°√¡«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å°“√·æ∑¬å °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢Àπâ“∑’Ë 9-13.

Reference1. Krungthep turakij Newspaper, 25 August 2005, Quality

of Life-Education Column

2. CAMEO Chemical Database-Response Information Data

Sheet çCopperé.

3. Vom Himmel Kommt., Zum Himmel Steigt., Und wieder

nieder., Zur Erdeû muss and Ewig wechselnd. Health

risks of water and sanitation. National Institute for Public

Health and Environmental (RIVM). The Ministry of Housing,

Spatial Planning and the Environment, The Netherlands.

Page 62-64.

4. www.Atsda.cdc.gov/tfacts 132.html. Copper.

5. Medical Toxicology Information Center

6. Book, Pollution State, Close Danger, The Office of the

National Environment Committee, Ministry of Science,

Technology, and Energy

7. Danger of Mercury by Jiraporn Umphan, Center of

Medical Sciences, Pitsanuloke

8. Book, The Knowledge of Toxicity, Chapter 14, B.E. 2543,

Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public

Health, pages 9-13.

°“√®—¥°“√´“°º≈‘µ¿—≥±å‡§√◊ËÕß„™â‰øøÑ“·≈–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬¬—ß¢“¥°“√®—¥°“√∑’Ë‡À¡“– ¡ ‚¥¬√âÕ¬≈– 90¢Õßª√‘¡“≥ WEEE ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥∂Ÿ°∑‘Èß√«¡‰ª°—∫¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬™ÿ¡™π„πæ◊Èπ∑’ËΩíß°≈∫ ´÷Ëß‰¡à‰¥âÕÕ°·∫∫‰«â‡æ◊ËÕ√Õß√—∫¢Õß‡ ’¬∑’Ë‡ªìπÕ—πµ√“¬ ∫“ß à«π´÷Ëß‡ªìπ¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å∑’Ë‡ªìπº≈‘µ¿—≥±å∑’Ë‰¡à‰¥â¡“µ√∞“π∂Ÿ°‡°Á∫‰«â‡ªìπ¢Õß‡ ’¬¿“¬„π‚√ßß“πºŸâº≈‘µ ‚¥¬‰¡à‰¥â¥”‡π‘π°“√„¥Ê „π∞“π–¢Õßª√–™“™π∑—Ë«‰ª ‡√“ “¡“√∂™à«¬°—π·°â‰¢ªí≠À“‡À≈à“π’È‰¥â‚¥¬°“√§—¥·¬°´“°º≈‘µ¿—≥±å‡§√◊ËÕß„™â‰øøÑ“·≈–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° åÕÕ°®“°¢¬–∑—Ë«‰ª ‚¥¬π”‰ª∑‘Èß„π∑’Ë∑’Ë®—¥‰«â„Àâ À√◊Õ àß§◊π„Àâ°—∫ºŸâº≈‘µ ‘π§â“ ´÷Ëß„π¢≥–π’È°√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘… √à«¡°—∫Àπà«¬ß“π∑’Ë‡°’Ë¬«¢âÕß‰¥â®—¥„Àâ¡’°“√√—∫§◊π´“°·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ ‚¥¬µ—Èß®ÿ¥√—∫∑‘Èß´“°‰«â∑’Ë ∂“π∑’Ë„Àâ∫√‘°“√‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬‚∑√»—æ∑å‡§≈◊ËÕπ∑’Ë ®ÿ¥√—∫™”√–§à“∫√‘°“√µà“ßÊ

À“°‡√“§π‰∑¬‰¡à√à«¡¡◊Õ°—π‡ ’¬·µà«—ππ’È „πÕπ“§µ

¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å∑’Ë‡°‘¥¢÷Èππ—Èπ®–°àÕ„Àâ‡°‘¥æ‘…¿—¬¬âÕπ

°≈—∫¡“À“æ«°‡√“Õ¬à“ßÀ≈’°‡≈’Ë¬ß‰¡à‰¥â √«¡¡◊Õ°—π —°π‘¥

‡æ◊ËÕ™’«‘µ∑’Ë ¥„ ·≈–ª≈Õ¥¿—¬„π«—πÀπâ“

manufacturing facilities without any operation. As common

people, we can help solve this problem by segregating

the electric appliances and electronicsû residues away

from the common garbage and dump them into the

designated dumpsites or return them to the manufacturers.

Currently, the Pollution Control Department in conjunction

with involved agencies repurchases battery residues by

setting up the repurchase location at the mobile phone

operatorsû shops and at many payment points.

If the Thai people do not cooperate from now, the

electronic waste generated in the future will inevitably

pose detrimental impacts to us. Together we help, for

the bright and safe future.

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®—∫‡¢à“§ÿ¬°—π ‚¥¬ : °Õß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√

Interview by : Editorial Board‡

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«“√ “√°√’π‰≈πå©∫—∫∑’Ë 16 π”‡ πÕ “√–‡°’Ë¬«°—∫¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å ´÷Ëß∂â“°“√®—¥°“√„πªí®®ÿ∫—π‰¡à¥’æÕ „πÕπ“§µµâÕß‡°‘¥ªí≠À“ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡®“°‡√◊ËÕßπ’È¢÷Èπ„π‡¡◊Õß‰∑¬Õ¬à“ß·πàπÕπ „πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬¡’¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å¡“°¡“¬∫“ßÕ¬à“ß‡ªìπ¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å ‘Èπ‡ª≈◊Õß∑’Ë‡°‘¥®“°°“√„™âÕ¬à“ß‡°‘π§«“¡®”‡ªìπ¢Õß‡√“Ê ∑à“πÊ Õ“∑‘ ‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ ∑’Ë¡—°‡≈◊Õ°„™â°—πµ“¡·ø™—Ëπ ·µà

≈◊¡§‘¥‰ª«à“‡√“‰¥â°àÕ¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å¢÷Èπ„π —ß§¡‡√“‡°‘π§«“¡®”‡ªìπ«“√ “√°√’π‰≈πå©∫—∫π’È¢Õπ”∑à“π¡“æ∫°—∫¡ÿ¡¡Õß¢Õß∑à“πºŸâÕ”π«¬°“√‡¢µÕÿµ “À°√√¡´Õøµå·«√åª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ À√◊Õ∑’Ë√Ÿâ®—°°—π„ππ“¡ Software Park Thailand §ÿ≥ ÿ«‘¿“ «√√≥ “∏æ

Green Line Magazine, Volume 16, is presenting

the content of electronic waste, if not properly managed,

it will definitely pose the environmental problem in

Thailand. Thailand has an abundance of electronic

waste, some of which are luxury products generated

from excessive use from us such as cell phones that

are selectively purchased on a fashioned basis, but

we forget that we have already created an electronic

waste in our society.

Green Line magazine would like you to meet

the perspective of the director of Software Industrial

Zone or commonly know as Software Park Thailand,

Khun Suwipha Wannasathop.

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Electronic Waste - Through Software Parkûs PerspectiveOnce reading your scope of questions, I have to be excused. Most electronic

waste are hardware but Software Park are committed in developing and promoting

software industry, that is, the development of software program, which causes

small amount of electronic waste. But in the perspective of academicians, we

are concerned of this problem, too. The way the software can help resolve this

issue is to upgrade version of software to enable existing computers and information

technology systems to function more effectively without the need of purchasing

the new one, which is a factor in creating more electronic waste.

What is Software Park?Software Park is an agency established in accordance with the resolution of

the Cabinet in 1997 with single mission, that is, to support the software industry in

Thailand to be strong and proudly have its place in the world software community.

The software industry is actually the motivational enabler for other industries,

adding values and increasing competitive capacity in the international market.

Software Parkûs roles, therefore, are transferring technology and educating high

technology development, and stimulating the adoption of proper use of IT in

other industries, in order to enhance the effective performance, reducing production

costs and at the same time providing better service to customers. In addition,

Software Park supports the Thai software business owners to expand their market

both domestic and overseas. Now, Thailand is moving towards to the era of

Knowledge-Based Economy, 5e is required; e-Education, e-Ecommerce, e-Government,

E-Society, and e-Industry, all of which are the main factors driving economy.

Therefore, the software capacity building is a critical issue of Thailand. If we

consider the statistics, the software expenses and service costs merely increase

20-5% annually. In 2003, the approximate expenses were 29,000 million baht. 70%

of this figure was from import. Though currently we are importing, considered in

the future, once the market expands and we are able to develop the Thai

software to be alternative choice. We then can further our domestic software

market. And more important the software should be developed to properly suit

the need of Thailand. The Thai people play an important role for this part and

the business value is enormous.

Software Park, additionally, supports the use of IT in the industrial and other

business sectors. Software Park has experts in software program development but

how to be applied to each industrial sector needs a study of the operational

process of each type of business and must know the nature of each industry, as

well as, the understanding of each type of business. Consequently, another role

of us is to pair up the 2 sides of the business, a programmer and a business

owner, and promote the use of IT for cost-effective investment. We are stimulating

the use of IT in tourism, textiles, and food industries, through continuous training,

and providing IT consultancy service to different industrial sectors, including the

existence of www.smartindustry.org website to educate the application of IT.

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What is the statistics of computer usage and its predictionin the country?

The Association of Thai Computer Industry, ATCI has gathered the

statistics and made predictions according to the table in the docu-

ment. But from my perspective, there are quite a lot of equipment that

software can be applied such as computer, cell phone, pocket PC,

etc. All of these equipment use software, which is called Embedded

software. But in Thailand we just started to support more of it in this

area. We had previously focused more on the consumption aspect.

From the rate of the growth of hardware, 3 private organizations, that is,

DELL, IBM and HP, have the total sales of approximately 60 million

computers in Thailand.

Thailand, in addition, has more than 30 million of cell phones. The trend of

cell phone shopping is going in the direction of influence from the marketing

games and fashion. Not only that the technology has been rapidly changed but

also do the preferences and fashion of the people. Thus, the production of this

electronic device has less life span, creating an unnecessary electronic waste in

Thailand. From the statistical figures, it has expected the use of computer to be

new computer every 3-5 years, while every 18 months of new cell phone. If

considering the product life span, for example, Dell has announced that the life

span of hardware in Thailand is 5-6 years, but each one will buy a new computer

before its expiration of use that the manufacturers have guaranteed. IBM has

informed its computer life span of 7-11 years.

What is your perspective towards the electronic wastesituation in Thailand?

The Thai people have not yet realized this problem but not for long we will

see. As long as the subconscious of Thai people remains towards catching up

with fashion or the unnecessary exchange of new hardware or the ineffective

use of the device, the electronic waste in Thailand is unavoidable. Today not

only the government or business sector that has computers, each house has one

computer as well. The support of cheaper computers and rapid technology

development are factors of creating electric waste in the future. Therefore, if we

consider the current situation, it is estimated that in the future the electronic

waste problem will be chosen as a hot topic on the agenda.

Additionally, the second-hand hardware accessory market is expanding fast.

We collect the garbage of other countries. Foreign countries are free. Developing

and undeveloped countries purchase its electronic waste, no need to waste of

time of disposal. Their waste at home becomes valuable. Thailand should have

the regulations concerning this issue to impose the control of which waste can

be imported. However, the Thai tariff measures do not support this scheme. If we

separate the substances, the tariff will be imposed. So it is easier to export them

to other countries for separation. Thus, no one does the business in this area.

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Apart from the tariff of importing remnants, the customs tariffs are also imposed.

We are lack of investor in the electronic waste management. There are many

companies overseas who are well off from the electronic waste management.

We should promote more of this type of business.

How is the electronic waste management in Thailand?For the government sector, I have seen the campaign of garbage separation;

the hazardous chemical substances in the grey dumpster with orange lid. And in

the private sector, DTAC has DTAC shop dumpsters for dumping old batteries but

there are much fewer shops than volume of waste. There should be more of

management and campaign for people to know and build awareness. For

example, do you know that the garbage from each household that are not

separated before dumping can cause pollution to the environment around his/

her? Or we can explain in figure if we can reduce the contaminated wastes or

unnecessary garbage, how this can help the nation and preserve the health of

their descendants. Show them the figure. It is similar to that of energy conservation

campaign on the use of 36-watt fluorescent lamp or set the air conditioning at

25 degree Celsius. People will understand more, if it is presented in concrete

facts. For example, the environmental academicians have already realized that

the disposal of electronic waste takes about 30 years and the budget of

concrete landfill costs 30 million baht and its usage is around 30 years and the

maintenance cost is 10,000 baht per month. If considered in terms of figure, you

come to realize that this costs enormously.

What is the cause of electronic waste in your point ofview?

When the developed countries enter the information age, the communication

is a vital tool in stimulating the economy. And all of the communicative devices,

whether be cell phones or computers, all electric devices, are essential to the

development of the country, the government sector, business sector, and household

sector. However, one thing we can do to help the society as a whole is the full

deployment of the equipment and use as necessary. In the perspective side of

the manufacturers, they should create the conscious to the society to use only

when necessary. They should not only think of sales revenue but also the

consciousness to the society, giving the equal importance at the same time, and

expressing their social responsibilities in terms of electronic waste disposal that

they produce or sell.

The popularity of second-hand products both domestically or overseas is

also the import of electronic waste into the country. Though the second-hand

products are cheap, their life span is shorter. That means Thailand will have

tremendous electronic waste not too far from now.

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How do the foreign countries solve the problem of electronicwaste?

In Europe, Waste from Electric and Electronic Equipments, WEEE, exists. They impose

tariffs on creators of pollution and promote the separation of garbage. However,

Thailand has not yet had this measure, which should be considered immediately.

In Japan, if remnants of 250,000 cell phones from all over the country are distilled,

1 kilogram of gold is obtained. Moreover, the printed circuit board, PCB, of computer

has valuable metals in components, that is, gold, palladium, and copper, which can be

distilled into gold and palladium, approximately 50-100 gram per ton of each, and 200

kilogram per ton of copper.

Thailand itself should create values from the garbage or pay more attention to Life

Cycle Assessment, LCA. Japan and Korea use LCA, which will assess the life span of

electric devices by choosing the materials which have almost the same life span to

assemble one product so that their life span is expired at the same time. The enforcement

of tariff measures should be a key point in creating consciousness for the use of

electronics because the manufacturer will look for the manufacturing method of higher

quality products to reduce the electronic waste generated. If the user needs high

technology products, the expense to society has also been increased.

In China, the regulations of prohibiting the import of electronic waste are stringent.

They donût allow their country to be the landfill of other countries. But in Thailand, this

regulation is not clear.

In Finland, the use of laser technique in distilling electric waste component is

employed, focusing on the Cathode Ray of Tubes in the television set and computer

screen. The distilled parts are perfect, unleaded, and can be completely recycled. For

example, 40 kilograms of television can be disassembled to reuse of its internal components

up to 28 kilograms with merely 2 kilograms of waste. They have developed çlaser

systemé in order to be able to recycle these equipments effectively. They can distill

materials from Cathode Ray tubes and reuse at 5 to 10 times faster than that of the

regular method. And more important this recycling process has not posed any toxics or

contaminants in the environment. In addition, the process of distilling metals and

plastics from the computer screen has been developed. The technique of disassembling

glass from the Cathode Ray tubes with laser has already been patented in Japan, the

United State of America, and Europe. This application is a part of innovative campaign

program in the country under the Office of National Technology of Finland.

The solution to the problem apart from regulating the measures is the innovative

method and promoting these innovations, enabling the reduction of electronic waste.

In Singapore, Citylaya Company is the biggest center of recycling of the world.

They make more than USD 139 million of profit from the industry of garbage separation,

building the network in more than 14 countries. They use human forces to separate the

waste before being transported to the factories due to the cheap labor cost. If we

support this type of industry, adding values to garbage, we are more advantageous

than other countries because we have the cycling network around the country. This is a

distribution of income to the local.

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What is the guideline of electronic waste solution in yourperspective?

As mentioned above, the regulation of clear measures, adding values to waste

such as the distilling of metal, the support of tariff, giving incentives for business

enterprises to invest in the waste management industry, is a must. On the contrary,

those who create electronic waste should pay higher taxes. And the innovative waste

disposal should be encouraged or the recycling center of the country with networks in

different provinces should be founded. It might be a joint venture between the government

and business sectors.

How Software Park can play a role in this solution?The mission of Software Park is to promote the use of software to provide solution

for any questions both in terms of business and societal aspect. For joint solution,

Software Park is able to support the development of waste control software. Before the

equipment we bought turns into garbage, we can use this software to detect where it

is and which materials can be taken out or disassembled or are at the stage of disposal.

We can assess the situation in advance that how much electronic waste there will be in

how many years, in order to prepare the solution.

In the future, we may support the set-up of computer-upgrade center to help

people to be able to upgrade their own computer basically to enhance the effective

use of computer. There is a current program that can be used for upgrade by

downloading from different websites free of charge.

For the readersThe problem of electronic waste will definitely exist as it grows in accordance with the

economic development of the country and the world. Once realizing this, the methods

and measures for this problem should be set. The formation of measures or policies

should be under the responsibility of the government sector who has already acknowledged

the importance of this problem. For the peopleûs part, the sense of unnecessary

electronic waste creation and the full deployment of the equipment should be immediately

engulfed. And they should be reminded that before changing the new hardware, the

new software should be done first. Software is the computer brain, a computer intelligence

enabler. Do not always purchase new computers. One house with 2 computers is a worry.

Iûd like to emphasize on the consciousness, that is, if we consider the environment

as something that doesnût belong to us, we will become part of the waste. We should

create common sense that the environment belongs to our hand and has impacts on

us and those we love. If we have the mind set like this, the cooperation will exist in the

organizations as a whole. The use of technologies will be under careful consideration

and sufficient for your own use as necessary.

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∑“ß ¡“§¡∏ÿ√°‘®§Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√å‰∑¬ ATCI (Association of Thai ComputerIndustry) ‰¥â‡°Á∫ ∂‘µ‘·≈–æ¬“°√≥å‰«âª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ µ“¡µ“√“ß„π‡Õ° “√ ·µà„π¡ÿ¡¡Õßπ’È §‘¥«à“‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ∑’Ë®–π”´Õøµå·«√å‰ª„™â¡’À≈“¬ª√–‡¿∑ Õ“∑‘ ‡§√◊ËÕß§Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√å ‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ æÁÕ°‡°Áµæ’´’ œ≈œ Õÿª°√≥åµà“ßÊ ≈â«π„™â´Õøµå·«√å∑—Èß ‘Èπ ‡√“‡√’¬°«à“ Embedded Software ·µà„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‡æ‘Ëß‡√‘Ë¡¡’°“√ àß‡ √‘¡¥â“ππ’È¡“°¢÷Èπ ‡¥‘¡‡√“‡πâπ°“√∫√‘‚¿§¡“°°«à“ µ—«‡≈¢¢ÕßÕ—µ√“°“√‡µ‘∫‚µ¥â“πŒ“√å¥·«√å ¡’∫√‘…—∑‡Õ°™π 3 ·Ààß §◊Õ DELL, IBM ·≈– HP ¡’¬Õ¥°“√¢“¬‡§√◊ËÕß§Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√å„π∫â“π‡√“ªï∑’Ë·≈â«ª√–¡“≥ 60 ≈â“π‡§√◊ËÕß

πÕ°®“°π’È„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‡√“¡’ºŸâ„™â‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ√«¡°«à“ 30 ≈â“π‡§√◊ËÕß ÷Ëß·π«§‘¥°“√‡≈◊Õ° ◊ÈÕ‡≈◊Õ°„™â‡ªìπµ“¡Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈¢Õß‡°¡°“√µ≈“¥·≈–·ø™—Ëπ ‰¡à„™à·µà‡æ’¬ß‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’®–‡ª≈’Ë¬π‡√Á«Õ¬à“ß‡¥’¬« §«“¡™Õ∫¢Õß§π·≈–·ø™—Ëπ°Á‡ª≈’Ë¬π‡√Á«¥â«¬ ∑”„Àâ°“√º≈‘µ‡§√◊ËÕß„™â‡À≈à“π’È¡’Õ“¬ÿ°“√„™âß“ππâÕ¬≈ß °àÕ„Àâ‡°‘¥¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å¢÷Èπ‚¥¬‰¡à®”‡ªìπ„π∫â“π‡√“ ®“°µ—«‡≈¢∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ª√–¡“≥°“√„™â§Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√å‰«â«à“ ®–¡’°“√‡ª≈’Ë¬π§Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√åµ—«„À¡à∑ÿ° 3-5 ªï à«π¡◊Õ∂◊Õ®–‡ª≈’Ë¬π‡§√◊ËÕß„À¡à∑ÿ° 18 ‡¥◊Õπ ´÷ËßÀ“°‡√“¡ÕßÕ“¬ÿ°“√„™âß“πÕ¬à“ß‡™àπ¢Õß Dell‡¢“·®âß«à“Õ“¬ÿ°“√„™âß“π¢ÕßÕÿª°√≥åŒ“√å¥·«√å∑’Ë®”Àπà“¬„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ 5-6 ªï·µà§π®–‡ª≈’Ë¬π‡§√◊ËÕß§Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√å°àÕπÀ¡¥Õ“¬ÿ°“√„™âß“π∑’ËºŸâº≈‘µª√–°—π‰«â‡ ’¬Õ’°¬‘Ëß∂â“‡ªìπ¢Õß IBM π—Ëπ‡¢“·®âßÕ“¬ÿ°“√„™âß“π¢Õß‡¢“ 7-11 ªï¥â«¬´È”

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´÷Ëß°Á¢Õ‡πâπ¬È”‡√◊ËÕß®‘µ ”π÷°‡ªìπ ”§—≠ §◊Õ ∂â“‡√“¡Õß ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡‰¡à„™à¢Õß‡√“‡√“®–‡ªìπ à«πÀπ÷Ëß∑’Ë∑”„Àâ‡°‘¥¢¬–π—ÈπÊ ‚¥¬‰¡à®”‡ªìπ µâÕß‡√àß √â“ß®‘µ ”π÷°„Àâ§‘¥«à“

‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡‡ªìπ¢Õß‡√“·≈–¡’º≈µàÕµ—«‡√“·≈–§π∑’Ë‡√“√—° ∂â“§‘¥‰¥âÕ¬à“ßπ’È§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ°Á®–‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ„πÕß§å√«¡ °“√„™â‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’µà“ßÊ °Á®–§”π÷ß∂÷ß§«“¡‡À¡“– ¡·≈–æÕ‡æ’¬ß°—∫µπ‡Õßµ“¡§«“¡®”‡ªìπ

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“√§¥’À≈—° ‚¥¬ : ∏ß™—¬ ¥≈ª√– ‘∑∏‘

∫√√≥“∏‘°“√¢à“«Àπ—ß ◊Õæ‘¡æåÕ‘π‰´¥å “¡—≠™πMain Feature by : Thongchai DolprasitEditor of Inside Commoners Newspaper

ªí®®ÿ∫—π¡’ „§√∫â“ß∑’Ë ‰¡à√Ÿâ®—°‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ ·¡â·µà™“«π“∫π¿Ÿ‡¢“ À√◊Õ·¡â«∫π¥Õ¬¬—ß„™â¡◊Õ∂◊Õ°—π‡≈¬ ¡—¬π’È ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈®“° ”π—°ß“π ∂‘µ‘·Ààß™“µ‘√–∫ÿ«à“ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬¡’ºŸâ „™â¡◊Õ∂◊Õ®”π«π∂÷ß 16.55 ≈â“π

‡§√◊ËÕß ∑—Ë«√“™Õ“≥“®—°√2 ‚¥¬«—¥ª√‘¡“≥®“°®”π«πºŸâ≈ß∑–‡∫’¬π°“√„™âß“π‡∑à“π—Èπ ´÷Ëß‡¡◊ËÕ ‘π§â“√ÿàππ’ÈÀ¡¥Õ“¬ÿ°“√„™âß“π

π—ËπÀ¡“¬∂÷ßª√–‡∑»‰∑¬®–¡’¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° åª√–‡¿∑¡◊Õ∂◊Õ°«à“ 16.55 ≈â“π‡§√◊ËÕß‡≈¬∑’‡¥’¬« π’Ë§‘¥‡≈àπÊ ¬—ß‰¡à√«¡∂÷ß°“√‡ª≈’Ë¬π√ÿàπµ“¡ ¡—¬π‘¬¡·≈–‡§√◊ËÕß‡°à“

∑’Ë‡ ’¬·≈â«·µàºŸâ „™â¬—ß„™â‡∫Õ√å‡¥‘¡°—∫‡§√◊ËÕß∑’Ë ◊ÈÕ„À¡à π—ËπÀ¡“¬∂÷ß 1 ‡∫Õ√åÕ“®„™â ‚∑√»—æ∑å¡“·≈â« 2-3 ‡§√◊ËÕß´÷Ëßπ—ËπÀ¡“¬∂÷ß 1 ‡∫Õ√å¡’´“°‚∑√»—æ∑å∑‘ÈßÕ¬Ÿà∑’Ë∫â“πÕ’° 2-3 ‡§√◊ËÕß π’Ë¬—ß‰¡à√«¡·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë·≈–Õÿª°√≥åµàÕæà«ßµà“ßÊ ¬‘Ëß§‘¥°Á¬‘Ëß®‘πµπ“°“√∂÷ß¿Ÿ‡¢“´“°¡◊Õ∂◊Õ„πÕπ“§µ∫π·ºàπ¥‘ππ’È ·≈â«‡√“®–∑”Õ¬à“ß‰√‡¡◊ËÕ‡ÀÁπ¿“æ¿—¬¡◊¥∑’Ë√Õ«—π°àÕµ—«‡™àππ’È

Has anyone currently not known mobile phones? Even the farmers from highland orhill tribes use cell phones. Data from the National Statistical Office has indicated thatThailand has 16.55 millions of mobile users country wide2 measured from the number ofmobile user registration only. When the use of this product has expired, this means thatThailand will have had more than 16.55 millions of electronic garbage of cell phones.This is just a roughly thought excluded of the change of newer model of mobile phoneand the use of broken one but the user uses the same old number with the newer phone.This means 1 mobile phone number may be used with 2-3 mobile phones, which in turnmeans that 1 mobile phone number has 2-3 historical mobile phones at home. This doesnot include batteries and other accessories. The more you think, the more you imagine ofthe picture of loads of old broken mobile phones piling up in this land in the future.What can we do while foreseeing this forming disaster?

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´“°‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ®—¥Õ¬Ÿà„π1 WEEE (Waste from

Electrical and Electronic Equipments) À¡“¬∂÷ß ´“°‡§√◊ËÕß„™âÀ√◊ÕÕÿª°√≥å´÷Ëß„™â°√–· ‰øøÑ“À√◊Õ π“¡·¡à‡À≈Á°„π°“√∑”ß“π∑’Ë‰¡à‰¥âµ“¡¡“µ√∞“π (off-spec) À√◊ÕÀ¡¥Õ“¬ÿ°“√„™âß“π À√◊Õ≈â“ ¡—¬ ´÷Ëß·∫àß‡ªìπ 10 ª√–‡¿∑ ‰¥â·°à

1. ‡§√◊ËÕß„™â‰øøÑ“·≈–Õÿª°√≥åÕ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å„π§√—«‡√◊Õπ¢π“¥„À≠à ‡™àπ µŸâ‡¬Áπ ‡§√◊ËÕß∑”§«“¡‡¬Áπ ‡§√◊ËÕß —°ºâ“ ‡§√◊ËÕß≈â“ß®“π œ≈œ

2. ‡§√◊ËÕß„™â‰øøÑ“·≈–Õÿª°√≥åÕ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å„π§√—«‡√◊Õπ¢π“¥‡≈Á° ‡™àπ ‡§√◊ËÕß¥Ÿ¥ΩÿÉπ ‡µ“√’¥ ‡§√◊ËÕßªîôß¢π¡ªíß ¡’¥‚°π‰øøÑ“ œ≈œ

3. Õÿª°√≥å IT ‡™àπ §Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√å ‡¡π‡ø√¡ ‚πâµ∫ÿä§ ‡§√◊ËÕß ·°π¿“æ ‡§√◊ËÕß‚∑√ “√/‚∑√»—æ∑å ‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ œ≈œ

4. ‡§√◊ËÕß„™â‰øøÑ“·≈–Õÿª°√≥åÕ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å ”À√—∫ºŸâ∫√‘‚¿§ ‡™àπ «‘∑¬ÿ ‚∑√∑—»πå °≈âÕß ·≈–‡§√◊ËÕß∫—π∑÷°«‘¥’‚Õ ‡§√◊ËÕß¥πµ√’∑’Ë„™â‰øøÑ“ œ≈œ

5. Õÿª°√≥å„Àâ· ß «à“ß ‡™àπ À≈Õ¥‰øø≈ŸÕÕ‡√ ‡´πµåÀ≈Õ¥‚´‡¥’¬¡ œ≈œ

6. √–∫∫Õÿª°√≥å‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ°“√·æ∑¬å7. ‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ«—¥À√◊Õ§«∫§ÿ¡µà“ßÊ ‡™àπ ‡§√◊ËÕß®—∫§«—π

‡§√◊ËÕß§«∫§ÿ¡Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ œ≈œ8. ¢Õß‡≈àπ ‡™àπ ‡°¡∫Õ¬ ¢Õß‡≈àπ∑’Ë„™â‰øøÑ“ À√◊Õ

Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å œ≈œ9. ‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ‰øøÑ“·≈–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å ‡™àπ «à“π ‡≈◊ËÕ¬

‰øøÑ“ À√◊ÕÕ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å œ≈œ10. ‡§√◊ËÕß®”Àπà“¬ ‘π§â“Õ—µ‚π¡—µ‘ ‡™àπ ‡§√◊ËÕß®”Àπà“¬

‡§√◊ËÕß¥◊Ë¡Õ—µ‚π¡—µ‘ œ≈œ

The remnant of cell phones belongs to the group

of WEEE (Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equip-

ments) meaning the remnants of tools or devices that

use electricity or off-spec magnetic field or expired or

out of date. It can be classified into 10 categories as

follows

1. Electric and electronic devices in a large house-

hold such as refrigerator, cooler, washing machines,

washing dishes, etc.

2. Electric and electronic devices in a small house-

hold such as vacuum cleaner, ironer, toaster, electric

shaver, etc.

3. IT devices such as computer, mainframe, note-

book, scanner, fax/telephone, mobile phone, etc.

4. Consumer electrical and electronics assemblies

such as radio, television, camera and video recorder,

electric musical instruments, etc.

5. Illuminating devices, such as, fluorescent lamp,

sodium light bulb, etc.

6. Medical equipment system

7. Measurement or controller devices such as smoke

detector, temperature controlling device, etc.

8. Toys such as game boy consoles,

electric or electronic toys, etc.

9. Electric and electronic tools, such as

drills, electric or electronic saws, etc.

10. Automatic vending machine such

as automatic beverage vending machine, etc.

‡™◊ËÕÀ√◊Õ‰¡à®“° ∂‘µ‘°“√π”‡¢â“¢Õß°√¡

»ÿ≈°“°√ æ∫«à“ ·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë™π‘¥π‘°‡°‘≈-·§¥‡¡’¬¡ ¡’ª√‘¡“≥

°“√π”‡¢â“≈¥≈ß °≈à“«§◊Õ „πªï2544 ®”π«π 4,291,829 °àÕπ

·≈–ªï 2545 ®”π«π 3,856,185 °àÕπ à«π™π‘¥π‘°‡°‘≈-‡À≈Á° ¡’ª√‘¡“≥°“√π”‡¢â“≈¥≈ß‡æ’¬ß‡≈Á°πâÕ¬ §◊Õ ªï 2544 ®”π«π655,552 °àÕπ à«πªï 2545 ¡’®”π«π

642,343 °àÕπ ·µàæ∫«à“·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë™π‘¥Õ◊ËπÊ´÷Ëß‰¥â·°à ≈‘‡∑’¬¡-‰ÕÕÕπ ≈‘‡∑’¬¡‚æ≈‘‡¡Õ√å´—≈‡«Õ√åÕÕ°‰´¥å (AgO) ·≈–Õ◊ËπÊ ¡’

®”π«π‡æ‘Ë¡¡“°¢÷Èπ ®“°ªï 2544 ®”π«π14,424,236 °àÕπ ‡ªìπ 25,494,764 °àÕπ

„πªï 2545

∑’Ë¡“ : ¢¬–¢Õß‡ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬´“°‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ-·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë ·≈–·π«∑“ß°“√®—¥°“√„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬, °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…, 2547Source : Toxic waste of cell phone-battery residues and guidelines for cell phone-battery residues disposal management inThailand, the Pollution Control Department, 2004

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3 »Ÿπ¬å«‘®—¬° ‘°√‰∑¬ ª√–¡“≥°“√ª√‘¡“≥Õÿª°√≥å‡ √‘¡∑’Ë„™â¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ §◊Õ ·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë ‚¥¬ª√–¡“≥°“√„™â·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë‚¥¬‡©≈’Ë¬ 1.73 °âÕπ/1 ‡≈¢À¡“¬ √Õß≈ß¡“‡ªìπÀŸøíß/ ¡Õ≈∑Õ≈å§ Àπâ“°“°‚∑√»—æ∑å ·≈–´Õß„ à‚∑√»—æ∑å µ“¡≈”¥—∫‚¥¬ºŸâ„™â‚∑√»—æ∑å‡§≈◊ËÕπ∑’Ë “¡“√∂À“ ◊ÈÕÕÿª°√≥å‡ √‘¡‰¥â®“°»Ÿπ¬å∫√‘°“√¢Õß‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬ √â“πµ—«·∑π®”Àπà“¬‡§√◊ËÕß≈Ÿ°¢à“¬»Ÿπ¬å∫√‘°“√≈Ÿ°§â“¢ÕßºŸâ„Àâ∫√‘°“√‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬ ·≈–√â“π®”Àπà“¬Õÿª°√≥å‚∑√»—æ∑å‡§≈◊ËÕπ∑’Ë∑—Ë«‰ª ‚¥¬ ‘π§â“¡’®”Àπà“¬„Àâ‡≈◊Õ°À≈“°À≈“¬∑—Èß¢Õß·∑â ¢Õß‡≈’¬π·∫∫À√◊Õ¢Õß¡’§ÿ≥¿“æµË”‚¥¬¡’·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë‡ªìπ ‘π§â“∑’Ë¡’¡Ÿ≈§à“°“√®”Àπà“¬ Ÿß ÿ¥ §‘¥‡ªìπ¡Ÿ≈§à“µ≈“¥„πªï 2547 ‰¡àµË”°«à“ 1,800 ≈â“π∫“∑

πÕ°®“°π’È µ≈“¥Õÿª°√≥å‡ √‘¡‰¥â¡’°“√æ—≤π“‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπµ“¡°“√‡µ‘∫‚µ¢Õßµ≈“¥‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ¥â«¬‡™àπ°—π ÷Ëß¡’∑—ÈßÕÿª°√≥å‡ √‘¡¢Õß·∑â ÷Ëß¡’Õ“¬ÿ°“√„™âß“ππ“π·µà√“§“·æß ·≈–¢Õß‡∑’¬¡´÷Ëß¡’Õ“¬ÿ°“√„™âß“π —Èπ·µà√“§“∂Ÿ° ·µà∑—Èßπ’Èªí®®—¬∑’Ë‡¢â“¡“™à«¬‡ √‘¡„Àâµ≈“¥Õÿª°√≥å‡ √‘¡¢Õß·∑â„πªï 2547 ¡’°“√¢¬“¬µ—«¢÷Èππ—Èπ ‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°·π«‚πâ¡¢Õß√“§“®”Àπà“¬¡’°“√ª√—∫µ—«≈¥≈ß Õ—π‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°°“√ª√—∫≈¥Õ—µ√“¿“…’π”‡¢â“‚¥¬·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë‚∑√»—æ∑å‡§≈◊ËÕπ∑’Ëπ—Èπ ª√—∫≈¥Õ—µ√“¿“…’π”‡¢â“®“°√âÕ¬≈– 40 µ“¡¡Ÿ≈§à“ ‡À≈◊Õ√âÕ¬≈– 15 µ“¡¡Ÿ≈§à“ ‡√‘Ë¡¡’º≈∫—ß§—∫„™â„πªï 2547 ·≈–„πªï 2548 ®–ª√—∫≈¥≈ß‡À≈◊Õ√âÕ¬≈–10 ¢Õß¡Ÿ≈§à“ µ“¡ª√–°“»¢Õß°√¡»ÿ≈°“°√ ÷Ëß√“§“∑’Ëª√—∫≈¥≈ßπ’È®– àßº≈„Àâ°“√„™âß“π¢ÕßÕÿª°√≥å‡ √‘¡¢Õß·∑â‡æ‘Ë¡¡“°¢÷Èπ

º≈°√–∑∫∑“ß¥â“π∫«°¢Õß°“√„™âÕÿª°√≥å¢Õß·∑âπ—ÈππÕ°®“°®–∑”„Àâ‚Õ°“ „π°“√‡°‘¥Õ—πµ√“¬®“°°“√„™âÕÿª°√≥å‰¡à‰¥â¡“µ√∞“π≈¥≈ß·≈â« ¬—ß‡ªìπ°“√™à«¬≈¥ª√‘¡“≥¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å À√◊Õ¢¬–¡◊Õ∂◊Õ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°Õÿª°√≥å¢Õß·∑âπ—Èπ¡—°®–¡’Õ“¬ÿ°“√„™âß“ππ“π «— ¥ÿÕÿª°√≥å∑’Ë„™âº≈‘µ¡’¡“µ√∞“π “°≈ (International Standard) „π¢≥–∑’ËÕÿª°√≥å¢Õßª≈Õ¡π—ÈπÕ“®„™â«— ¥ÿÕÿª°√≥å°“√º≈‘µ∑’Ë‰¡à‰¥â¡“µ√∞“π ‡°‘¥°“√√—Ë«‰À≈¢Õß “√∑’Ë „™âº≈‘µ·≈–°àÕ„Àâ‡°‘¥Õ—πµ√“¬·≈–¡’Õ“¬ÿ°“√„™âß“π —Èπ

Õ¬à“ß‰√°Áµ“¡ ºŸâ„™â‡Õß°ÁµâÕßæ¬“¬“¡»÷°…“§Ÿà¡◊Õ°“√„™âÕÿª°√≥å‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ “¡“√∂„™âß“π‰¥âÕ¬à“ß‡µÁ¡ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ ‡™àπ°“√™“√å®·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë·µà≈–ª√–‡¿∑ ¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—π„π™—Ë«‚¡ß°“√™“√å®·≈–≈—°…≥–°“√™“√å® ÷ËßÀ“°‰¡àªØ‘∫—µ‘µ“¡À√◊ÕªØ‘∫—µ‘‰¡à∂Ÿ°µâÕß°ÁÕ“®°àÕ„Àâ‡°‘¥Õ—πµ√“¬°—∫ºŸâ„™âß“π‰¥âÀ√◊Õ¡’Õ“¬ÿ°“√„™âß“π∑’Ë —Èπ°«à“∑’Ë§«√®–‡ªìπ ¥—ßπ—Èπ °“√»÷°…“¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈°“√„™âß“π®÷ß‡ªìπ ‘Ëß®”‡ªìπ·≈–‰¡à§«√∑’Ë®–≈–‡≈¬À√◊Õ¡Õß¢â“¡

∂â“∑à“π ß —¬«à“‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ‡§√◊ËÕß®‘Î«π’È®–°àÕ¡≈æ‘…µàÕ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡Õ¬à“ß‰√‡¡◊ËÕ°≈“¬‡ªìπ¢¬–Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å∑’Ë‡√“‚¬π∑‘Èß‰ª·≈â« °Á≈Õß¡“»÷°…“¥Ÿ«à“ à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õß‚∑√»—æ∑å

3 The Thai Farmers Bank Research Center has esti-

mated the most used accessory devices is battery, at

about 1.73 batteries per 1 mobile phone number on

average, while the runner-up is headphone/small talk,

mobile phone cover and case, respectively. Mobile

phone users are able to purchase mobile accessories

at the mobile phone network service centers, agents,

the call center of mobile phone operator centers, and

other mobile phones shops with a variety of products

either the copy one or the low quality one. The mobile

phone battery is the most purchase products with the

market value of no less than 1,800 million baht in 2004.

Moreover, the accessory market has been increas-

ingly developed proportionately with the growth of the

mobile phone market as well. The market consists of

the sales of the genuine long-lasting accessory with

higher tag price, and the sales of the used and fake

shorter life span one but demanding lower price. However,

the factor supporting the growth of genuine accessory

market in 2004 was the tendency of the price reduction

due to the reduced import tariffs. The import tariffs of

mobile phone batteries were reduced from 40% of the

value to 15%, effective since 2004. In 2005 it will be

down to 10% of the value according to the announcement

of the Customs Department. This tariff reduction has

affected the increased use of genuine mobile phone

accessories.

The positive impact of the use of genuine accessories

is not only the reduction of the chance of danger from

using off-spec accessories but also the reduction of the

amount of electronic junk or mobile phone junk, for the

genuine accessories last longer in usage. The materials

used in production of the original ones are qualified for

International standard, while the fake ones may use

unqualified materials, causing leakage of chemicals used

in the production and posing hazards and having shorter

product life use.

However, the users must try to study the accessory

manual in order to use them effectively. For example,

the recharge of each type of battery is different in

charging duration and type of charging if not followed

or improperly conformed, it may pose danger to the

users or its life span may be shorter than it should be.

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¡◊Õ∂◊Õ¡’Õ–‰√∫â“ß ‡æ√“–‡¡◊ËÕ‡√“∑‘Èß´“°¡◊Õ∂◊Õ·≈â« “√‡§¡’·≈– à«πª√–°Õ∫µà“ßÊ ∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„πµ—«‡§√◊ËÕß°Á®–°≈“¬‡ªìπ¢¬–∑’Ë·∑√° ÷¡ Ÿà ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡‡™àπ°—π

à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õß‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ1. µ—«‡§√◊ËÕß ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ ·ºß«ß®√ (¡’‚≈À–¡’§à“·≈–

“√Õ—πµ√“¬À≈“¬™π‘¥ ‰¥â·°à ∑Õß·¥ß ∑Õß§” “√ÀπŸ æ≈«ß‡∫√‘≈‡≈’¬¡ “√∑π‰ø∑’Ë∑”®“°‚∫√¡’π ·§¥‡¡’¬¡ µ–°—Ë« π‘°‡°‘≈æ“≈“‡¥’¬¡ ‡ß‘π ·∑π∑“≈—¡ ·≈– —ß°– ’) ®Õº≈÷°‡À≈« (LCD)( à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õßº≈÷°‡À≈«π—Èπ¡’À≈“¬™π‘¥·≈–¡’√–¥—∫§«“¡Õ—πµ√“¬∑’Ë·µ°µà“ß°—π) ≈”‚æß·≈–‰¡‚§√‚øπ (¡’¢π“¥‡≈Á°¡“°·µà°Á¡’ à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õß‚≈À–Àπ—°) Àπâ“°“°À√◊Õ à«πÀàÕÀÿâ¡¢Õß‚∑√»—æ∑å (∑”®“°æ≈“ µ‘°∑’Ë‡ªìπ‚æ≈’§“√å∫Õ‡πµÀ√◊Õ‡Õ∫’‡Õ À√◊Õ‡ªìπ à«πº ¡¢Õß “√∑—Èß Õß™π‘¥) ·ºàπªÿÉ¡°¥ ·≈–µ—«π” —≠≠“≥

2. ‡§√◊ËÕß·ª≈ß·√ß¥—π‰øøÑ“‡æ◊ËÕ„™âÕ—¥‰ø·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ëæ∫«à“¡’ à«πª√–°Õ∫À≈—°‡ªìπ≈«¥∑Õß·¥ß∑’Ë¡’æ≈“ µ‘°Àÿâ¡·≈– à«πª√–°Õ∫Õ◊ËπÊ „πª√‘¡“≥‡≈Á°πâÕ¬§◊Õ ∑Õß§”·§¥‡¡’¬¡ ·≈–µ—«∑π‰ø

3. ·À≈àßæ≈—ßß“π/·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë ÷Ëß‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª®–‡ªìπ·∫∫∑’Ë “¡“√∂Õ—¥‡°Á∫ª√–®ÿ„À¡à‰¥â ´÷Ëß‰¥â·°à ™π‘¥π‘°‡°‘≈-·§¥‡¡’¬¡

Therefore, the study of product usage is necessary and

should not be neglected or over-looked.

If you are questioning how this minuscule mobile

phone can contaminate the environment when

becoming an electronic junk after being dumped, then

you should know its components. When we dump the

mobile phone, the chemicals and its components are

turned into waste lingering in the environment as well.

The constituents of mobile phone are:

1. The body consists of printed circuit board (a

valuable metal and hazardous substances exist such as

copper, gold, gallium arsenide, antimony, beryllium,

asbestos made of bromine, cadmium, lead, nickel,

palladium, silver, tantalum and zinc) liquid-crystal display

panel (LCD) (there are many types of liquid-crystal

display components and pose different level of hazards)

speaker and microphone (very small in size but consisted

of heavy metal in composition) masks or those covering

the phone (made of polycarbonate or acrylonitrile

butadiene styrene plastics or the mix of the two) pressing

√âÕ¬≈–¢Õß à«πª√–°Õ∫Õ—πµ√“¬‚¥¬πÈ”Àπ—°¢Õß·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë∑’ËÕ—¥ª√–®ÿ„À¡à‰¥â

The percentage of hazardous constituents by weight of rechargeable battery

·§¥‡¡’¬¡-Cadmium 6-26

π‘°‡°‘≈/ “√ª√–°Õ∫π‘°‡°‘≈-Nickel/Nickel compound 11-30 30-50 ¡’·µà‰¡à∑√“∫ª√‘¡“≥/

some but unidentified quantity

—ß°– ’-Zinc 5-20

∑Õß·¥ß-Copper 2-15

‚§∫Õ≈µå/ “√ª√–°Õ∫‚§∫Õ≈µå-Cobalt/Cobalt compound 0-2 2.5-8 <25

·¡ß°“π’ -Manganese 0-2 ¡’·µà‰¡à∑√“∫ª√‘¡“≥/

some but unidentified quantity

Õ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡-Aluminum 0-1 2-10

“√ª√–°Õ∫≈‘‡∑’¬¡-Lithium compound <3-10 0-1 <25

‡À≈Á°°≈â“-Steel 1-25 1-25 15-30

‚æ≈’‰«π’≈Õ‘¥’π ø≈ŸÕÕ‰√¥å-Polyvinylidine fluoride 0-5

µ—«∑”≈–≈“¬Õ‘π∑√’¬å-Organic solvents 10-20

§“√å∫Õπ/·°√‰øµå-Carbon/graphite 3-30

“√Õ—πµ√“¬/Hazardous sabstances

™π‘¥π‘°‡°‘≈-·§¥‡¡’¬¡/Nickle-Cadmium

™π‘¥π‘°‡°‘≈-‚≈À–‰Œ‰¥√¥å/Nickel-Metal Hydride

™π‘¥≈‘‡∑’¬¡-‰ÕÕπ/Lithium-Ion

∑’Ë¡“ : ¢¬–¢Õß‡ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬´“°‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ-·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë ·≈–·π«∑“ß°“√®—¥°“√„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬, °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…, 2547Source : Toxic waste of cell phone-battery residues and guidelines for cell phone-battery residues disposal mangement inThailand, the Pollution Control Department, 2004

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πÈ”‡À≈◊Õß ∑”≈“¬°“√∑”ß“π¢Õßµ—∫ ¡’º≈µàÕ√–∫∫ª√– “∑·≈–¿Ÿ¡‘µâ“π∑“π

§«“¡‡ªìπæ‘…¢Õß‡∫√‘≈‡≈’¬¡ „™â„π ª√‘ß·≈–µ—«‡™◊ËÕ¡‡ªìπ “√°àÕ¡–‡√Áß ‚¥¬‡©æ“–¡–‡√ÁßªÕ¥ ÷Ëß‡ªìπÕ«—¬«–∑’Ë‰¥â√—∫ “√ ºŸâ‰¥â√—∫ “√π’ÈÕ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß®“°°“√ Ÿ¥¥¡®–°≈“¬‡ªìπ‚√§Beryllicosis ´÷Ëß¡’º≈°—∫ªÕ¥ À“° —¡º— ®–∑”„Àâ‡°‘¥·º≈∑’Ëº‘«Àπ—ßÕ¬à“ß√ÿπ·√ß ∑”„Àâ√–∫∫°“√∑”ß“π¢ÕßµàÕ¡‰∑√Õ¬¥å·≈–µàÕ¡‰√â∑àÕº‘¥ª°µ‘ – ¡„ππÈ”π¡ °√–· ‡≈◊Õ¥ ·≈–∂à“¬∑Õ¥„πÀà«ß‚´àÕ“À“√

§«“¡‡ªìπæ‘…¢Õß “√ÀπŸ ÷Ëß„™â„π·ºß«ß®√ ®–¡’º≈∑”≈“¬√–∫∫ª√– “∑ º‘«Àπ—ß ·≈–√–∫∫°“√¬àÕ¬Õ“À“√À“°‰¥â√—∫„πª√‘¡“≥¡“°Õ“®∑”„Àâ∂÷ßµ“¬‰¥â

§«“¡‡ªìπæ‘…¢Õßπ‘°‡°‘≈ ´÷Ëß‡ªìπÕß§åª√–°Õ∫¢Õß·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë ΩÿÉππ‘°‡°‘≈∂Ÿ°®—¥«à“‡ªìπ “√°àÕ¡–‡√Áß„π —µ«å∑¥≈Õß·≈–Õ“®‡ªìπ “‡Àµÿ„Àâ‡°‘¥¡–‡√ÁßªÕ¥„π —µ«å∑¥≈Õß ·≈–Õ“®¡’º≈µàÕ√–∫∫ ◊∫æ—π∏ÿå¥â«¬ πÕ°®“°π’È º≈‡√◊ÈÕ√—ß®“°°“√ —¡º— π‘°‡°‘≈ ‰¥â·°à °“√·æâ¢Õßº‘«Àπ—ß ´÷Ëßª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ °“√¡’·º≈‰À¡â §—π ‡ªìπº◊Ëπ·¥ß ¡’Õ“°“√·æâ¢ÕßªÕ¥ §≈â“¬°“√‡ªìπÀÕ∫À◊¥ ·≈–·πàπÀπâ“Õ°

§«“¡‡ªìπæ‘…¢Õß≈‘‡∑’¬¡ ´÷Ëß‡ªìπÕß§åª√–°Õ∫¢Õß·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë ‡ªìπÕ—πµ√“¬‡¡◊ËÕ°≈◊π°‘π Ÿ¥¥¡ À√◊Õ∂Ÿ°¥Ÿ¥ ÷¡ºà“πº‘«Àπ—ß “√π’È∑”≈“¬‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ¢Õß‡¬◊ËÕ∫ÿ‡¡◊Õ°·≈–∑“ß‡¥‘πÀ“¬„® √«¡∑—Èß¥«ßµ“·≈–º‘«Àπ—ßÕ¬à“ß√ÿπ·√ß °“√ Ÿ¥¥¡Õ“®°àÕ„Àâ‡°‘¥Õ“°“√™—° °≈àÕß‡ ’¬ß·≈–À≈Õ¥≈¡„À≠àÕ—°‡ ∫ ‚√§ªÕ¥Õ—°‡ ∫®“° “√‡§¡’·≈–πÈ”∑à«¡ªÕ¥ Õ“°“√µà“ßÊ ¢Õß°“√‰¥â√—∫ “√Õ“®ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°ª«¥· ∫ª«¥√âÕπ ‰ÕÀ“¬„®¡’‡ ’¬ßÀ«’¥ °“√Õ—°‡ ∫∑’ËµÕπ∫π¢ÕßÀ≈Õ¥≈¡ À“¬„®∂’Ë ª«¥»’√…– §≈◊Ëπ‡À’¬π ·≈–Õ“‡®’¬π

·π«∑“ß°“√®—¥°“√´“°‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ·≈–·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë

¿“§√—∞ ‰¥â‡≈Áß‡ÀÁπ§«“¡‡ ’Ë¬ß„πÕ—πµ√“¬∑’ËÕ“®‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ‰¥â®÷ß‰¥â√‘‡√‘Ë¡‚§√ß°“√ π—∫ πÿπ°“√‡√’¬°§◊π´“°·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë·≈–‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ ‚¥¬¢Õ§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ®“°ºŸâ∑’Ë‡°’Ë¬«¢âÕß ¥—ßπ’È

ºŸâª√–°Õ∫°“√ º≈‘µ ®”Àπà“¬ ·≈–„Àâ∫√‘°“√‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ

®–µâÕß¥”‡π‘π°“√ :

- °”Àπ¥®ÿ¥µ—Èß«“ß√—∫´“°‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ·≈–·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë∑’Ë‡ ◊ËÕ¡ ¿“æ ‚¥¬Õ“»—¬√â“π§â“µ—«·∑π®”Àπà“¬‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ®ÿ¥®”Àπà“¬ À√◊Õ ∂“π∑’Ë√—∫™”√–§à“∫√‘°“√‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ ´÷Ëß¡’°√–®“¬Õ¬Ÿà∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑»

- √«∫√«¡´“°‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ·≈–·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë àß‰ª°”®—¥‚¥¬‚√ßß“πºŸâ√—∫∫√‘°“√°”®—¥ ‘ËßªØ‘°Ÿ≈·≈–«— ¥ÿ∑’Ë‰¡à„™â·≈â«

is the organ that is exposed to substance. Those who

continuously receive this substance from inhaling will

develop Beryllicosis disease which affects lungs. If exposed

to the skin, it will cause severe wound, abnormal function

of thyroid and endocrine glands, accumulated in breast

milk, bloodstream and transferred in the food chain.

The Toxicity of arsenic, used in the circuit board, causes

disruption of the nervous, skin, and digestive systems. If

exposed in large quantity, it might cause death.

The Toxicity of nickel, a battery component, has

nickel dust which is classified as animal tested carcinogen

and might cause lung cancer in tested animals. And it

might have impact on the reproductive system as well.

The chronic result from nickel exposure, moreover, is

allergic to skin, which is skin burn, itching, rash, and

allergic to lung, similar to asthma and chest tight.

The Toxicity of Lithium, a component of battery, is

harmful when taken, inhaled, or absorbed through skin.

This substance severely damages the tissues of mucous

membrane and respiratory system, including eyes and

skin. The inhale causes convulsion, inflammatory of larynx

and bronchi, chemical-related pneumonia, and lung

edema. The symptoms while exposed to substance are

burning pain, coughing, wheezing, infection at the upper

bronchi, repetitive breathing, headache, nausea and

vomiting.

Guidelines of Cell Phone and Battery DisposalThe government sector has foreseen the potential

threats that it may occur so it has initiated the Recovery

of Battery and Cell Phone Remnants Project, requiring

the support from those involved as follows:

Business owner, manufacturer, distributor and mobile

phone operators are required to:

- Set the location to return deteriorated cell phones

or batteries with the help of cell phone distributor, shops

or payment service, which is located around the country.

- Collect the remnant of mobile phones and batteries

and transport them to be disposed of by the waste

disposal plant (Factory Type 101, 105, and 106), which

are legally registered.

- Mobile phone operators with the cooperation of

35-42/æ‘…¡◊Õ∂◊Õ 15/12/05, 4:38 PM40

GREEN

LINE

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GREEN

LINE

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(‚√ßß“πª√–‡¿∑∑’Ë 101, 105 ·≈– 106) ÷Ëß¢÷Èπ∑–‡∫’¬πÕ¬à“ß∂Ÿ°µâÕßµ“¡°ÆÀ¡“¬

- ºŸâª√–°Õ∫°“√„Àâ∫√‘°“√‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ√à«¡¡◊Õ°—∫∫√‘…—∑ºŸâº≈‘µ ºŸâπ”‡¢â“‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ·≈–·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë „π≈—°…≥–Àÿâπ à«π (Partnership Cooperation) √—∫º‘¥™Õ∫§à“„™â®à“¬„π°“√®—¥°“√´“°‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ·≈–·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë‚¥¬§”π÷ß∂÷ß ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‚¥¬‚√ßß“πºŸâ√—∫∫√‘°“√°”®—¥ ‘ËßªØ‘°Ÿ≈·≈–«— ¥ÿ∑’Ë‰¡à„™â·≈â« (‚√ßß“πª√–‡¿∑∑’Ë 101, 105 ·≈– 106)´÷Ëß¢÷Èπ∑–‡∫’¬πÕ¬à“ß∂Ÿ°µâÕßµ“¡°ÆÀ¡“¬

- àß‡ √‘¡·≈–‡º¬·æ√àª√–™“ —¡æ—π∏å„Àâ≈Ÿ°§â“·≈–ª√–™“™π∑—Ë«‰ª √à«¡¡◊Õ√à«¡„®°—ππ”´“°‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ·≈–·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë∑’Ë‰¡à„™â·≈â«À√◊Õ‡ ◊ËÕ¡ ¿“æ¡“∑‘Èß„π®ÿ¥∑’Ë°”Àπ¥

- àß‡ √‘¡·≈–‡º¬·æ√àª√–™“ —¡æ—π∏å„ÀâºŸâ„™â‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ¡’§«“¡√Ÿâ·≈– “¡“√∂„™â‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ·≈–·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë‰¥âÕ¬à“ß∂Ÿ°µâÕß·≈–¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ¡’Õ“¬ÿ°“√„™âß“π¬◊π¬“«¢÷Èπ

πÕ°®“°‡√◊ËÕß¢Õß “√‡§¡’∑’Ë‡ªìπæ‘…„π à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õß¡◊Õ∂◊Õ·≈–·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë·≈â« °“√„™â‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ¬—ß°àÕ„Àâ‡°‘¥‚√§¿—¬Õ’°À≈“¬ª√–°“√ ¬‘Ëß ¡—¬π’È‡¥Á°Ê √–¥—∫ª√–∂¡°Á¬—ß„™â‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ‡≈¬ ÷Ëß°àÕπ∑’Ë∑à“π®–À¬‘∫¬◊Ëπ¡◊Õ∂◊Õ„Àâ≈Ÿ°À≈“πÀ√◊Õ·¡â·µàµ—«∑à“π‡Õß ∑à“π≈ÕßÕà“π∫∑§«“¡∑’Ëµ’æ‘¡æå„πÀπ—ß ◊Õæ‘¡æå¡µ‘™π ©∫—∫«—π∑’Ë 24 µÿ≈“§¡ 2548 ∑’Ë‡æ‘Ëßºà“π¡“π’È°àÕπ ·≈â«§àÕ¬æ‘®“√≥“°“√„™â‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊ÕÕ¬à“ß√–¡—¥√–«—ß®–¥’°«à“ ∫∑§«“¡¥—ß°≈à“«√“¬ß“π«à“

π.æ.∏’√«—≤πå ‡À¡–®ÿ±“ »—≈¬·æ∑¬å√–∫∫ª√– “∑ §≥–·æ∑¬»“ µ√å ®ÿÃ“≈ß°√≥å¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ‡ªî¥‡º¬«à“ §≥–π—°«‘®—¬®“°¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬Œ“√å«“√å¥ »÷°…“«‘®—¬°“√„™â‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ¡’º≈°√–∑∫µàÕ ÿ¢¿“æ√–¬–¬“« æ∫«à“°“√„™â‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ¡’º≈°√–∑∫µàÕ§«“¡‡ª≈’Ë¬π·ª≈ß„π√–¥—∫‡´≈≈å¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å ∑”„Àâ°“√´àÕ¡·´¡¥’‡ÕÁπ‡Õ„π√à“ß°“¬‡ ◊ËÕ¡ ¡√√∂¿“æ·≈–¡’§«“¡‡ªìπ‰ª‰¥â∑”„Àâ‡°‘¥‡π◊ÈÕßÕ°À√◊Õ¡–‡√Áß∑’Ë ¡Õß‰¥â·≈–æ∫«à“‡π◊ÈÕßÕ°∑’Ë ¡Õß¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å°—∫°“√„™â‚∑√»—æ∑å

mobile phone and battery manufacturers and importers

in the form of partnership cooperation are responsible

for the cost of the disposal of cell phones and batteries,

which are eliminated at the waste and unusable materials

disposal plant (Factory Type 101, 105, and 106), which

are legally registered.

- Support and promote of the return of non-used

or worn-out cell phones and batteries to the location of

disposal to customers and people.

- Support and promote mobile phone users to

gain knowledge of the correct and effective method

use of mobile phones and batteries for longer product

life span.

Apart from the toxic chemical substance of the

mobile phone and battery components, the use of

mobile phones also causes a number of diseases. Todayûs

children even in the elementary level use mobile phones.

Before your handing of mobile phone to your children

and even to yourself, you might as well read the article

published in Matichon Newspapers, dated 24 October

2005, and then reconsider the use of mobile phone

more carefully. The article stated:

Dr.Theerawat Hemachutha, a nerve system surgeon,

Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, revealed

that the research team at Harvard University has con-

ducted research on how the use of mobile phone has

long-term effect on human health. They have found

that the use of mobile phone has impacts on the

change of human cellûs level, causing the deterioration

of DNA repairment of the body, and the potential of

lump or brain cancer and found that there is the cor-

relation between brain lump and the use of cell phone.

That is the patients with brain lump have the lumps at

the same side where they use the cell phone. If using

the cell phone at the right hand side, the brain lump is

found at the right side. Inside the lump, a special cell

found only in the mobile phone user is detected.

Additionally, the Consumer Protection Bureau of

UK has issued the warning to people especially teenag-

ers under 16 years old should not use the mobile phone

as it is believed that during that age, the brain of the

teenager has not yet been fully developed. Their skull is

not thick enough to bear the impact of magnetic

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πÕ°®“°π’È§≥–°√√¡°“√§ÿâ¡§√ÕßºŸâ∫√‘‚¿§¢Õßª√–‡∑»Õ—ß°ƒ… ¬—ß‰¥âÕÕ°ª√–°“»‡µ◊Õπª√–™“™π ‚¥¬‡©æ“–«—¬√ÿàπÕ“¬ÿµË”°«à“ 16 ªï ‰¡à§«√„™â‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ ‡æ√“–‡™◊ËÕ«à“™à«ßÕ“¬ÿ¥—ß°≈à“« ¡Õß¢Õß‡¥Á°«—¬√ÿàπ¬—ß‡µ‘∫‚µæ—≤π“‰¡à‡µÁ¡∑’ËÕ’°∑—Èß°–‚À≈°»’√…–‰¡àÀπ“æÕ∑’Ë®–√—∫º≈°√–∑∫®“°§≈◊Ëπ·¡à‡À≈Á°À√◊Õ√—ß ’®“°‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ‰¥âÕ¬à“ß‡µÁ¡‡¡Á¥‡µÁ¡Àπà«¬„πµà“ßª√–‡∑»π—Èπ¡’§”·π–π”„ÀâºŸâ∑’Ë®”‡ªìπµâÕß„™â‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ‡ªìπª√–®” „Àâ„™âÕÿª°√≥å·Œπ¥åø√’™à«¬‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâª√‘¡“≥·≈–Õ—µ√“°“√„™â‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊ÕÀà“ß ¡Õß¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ ¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π°Á¡’π—°«‘®—¬∂°‡∂’¬ß‡√◊ËÕß·Œπ¥åø√’π’ÈÕ¬Ÿà¡“°«à“®–™à«¬∫√√‡∑“º≈°√–∑∫µàÕ ¡Õß‰¥â¡“°πâÕ¬‡æ’¬ß„¥ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°æ≈—ßß“π§≈◊Ëπ·¡à‡À≈Á°®“°‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ®–¡’¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥¢≥–∑’Ë¡’ “¬‡√’¬°‡¢â“ ÷Ëß√–À«à“ßπ—Èπ‡ “ —≠≠“≥®–ª≈àÕ¬æ≈—ßß“πÕÕ°¡“°‡æ◊ËÕ√—∫ àß —≠≠“≥ ‡æ√“–©–π—ÈπÀ“°®”‡ªìπµâÕß„™â¢Õ„Àâ„™âπâÕ¬∑’Ë ÿ¥ ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ¡’ —≠≠“≥‚∑√»—æ∑å‡√’¬°‡¢â“¡“ °¥√—∫ “¬„ÀâÀà“ßµ—« —°æ—°®÷ß§àÕ¬π”¡“·π∫ÀŸ ‡æ◊ËÕ§«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬‡æ√“–º≈°√–∑∫®“°‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ∑ÿ°√–∫∫ ∑ÿ°¬’ËÀâÕ ‰¡à‰¥â· ¥ßÕÕ°„Àâ‡ÀÁπ∑—π∑’∑—π„¥ ·µà®–‡ªìπº≈ – ¡√–¬–¬“«

‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ·¡âπ«à“®–®”‡ªìπ„π¬ÿ§ ¡—¬π’È ·µà°Á¡’

‚∑…µàÕ ÿ¢¿“æ·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡„πÕπ“§µÕ¬à“ß·πàπÕπ

‡¡◊ËÕ√ŸâÕ¬à“ßπ’È·≈â« ∑“ß‡≈◊Õ°Àπ÷Ëß∑’Ë‡√“ “¡“√∂∑”‰¥âÕ¬à“ß

ßà“¬Ê §◊Õ Õ¬à“‡≈◊Õ°´◊ÈÕ‡≈◊Õ°„™â‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õµ“¡·ø™—Ëπ

‡ ¡◊Õπ¢Õß ‘Èπ‡ª≈◊Õß „Àâ‡≈◊Õ° ◊ÈÕ‡≈◊Õ°„™â¥â«¬§«“¡®”‡ªìπ

®–‡ªìπ·π«∑“ßÀπ÷Ëß∑’Ë “¡“√∂™à«¬≈¥¿“√–°“√°”®—¥¢¬–

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√≥√ß§å„Àâª√–™“™π‡°‘¥®‘µ ”π÷°°“√‡≈◊Õ°´◊ÈÕ‡≈◊Õ°„™â ‘π§â“

‚¥¬≈¥·≈–‡≈‘°°“√®—∫®à“¬ ‘π§â“øÿÉ¡‡øóÕ¬ ‡æ’¬ß‡∑à“π’È‡Õß

°Á “¡“√∂‡æ‘Ë¡§ÿ≥¿“æ™’«‘µ∑’Ë¥’„Àâ°—∫µ—«§ÿ≥„π∑ÿ°¥â“π ∑—Èß

„π¥â“π‡»√…∞°‘®·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ·≈–‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ≈Ÿ°À≈“π

¢Õß§ÿ≥‰¥â¡’™’«‘µ„π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’Ë¥’µàÕ‰ª

Õâ“ßÕ‘ß1. ç¢¬–¢Õß‡ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬´“°‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ-·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë

·≈–·π«∑“ß°“√®—¥°“√„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬, °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…, 2547é

2. www.nso.go.th3. www.pcd.go.th

Reference1. Toxic waste of cell phone-battery residues and guidelines for

cell phone-battery residues disposal management in Thailand,the Pollution Control Department, 2004

2. www.nso.go.th3. www.pcd.go.th

wave or radioactivity from the mobile phone. In the

foreign countries, there are recommendations for those

who must the mobile phone regularly, to use hand-free

accessories to maintain some distance and rate of

mobile usage away from the brain. At the same time

a lot of controversial, concerning of how the use of

hand free can much lessen the impact of cell phone

to the brain, exists. As the power of magnetic wave

from the mobile phone is greatest when call ringing,

which during that time the antenna will give off the

power to transmit the signal. Therefore, when necessarily

used, it should be used to the minimum. And when

there is a call ringing, press the receive button away

from the body and for safety reason slowly pick it up to

the ears. This is because the impact from the use of all

kinds of cell phone operators or brands does not show

immediately but it will be accumulated in the long

term.

Though the use of mobile phone is necessary nowadays,

it is definitely harmful to health and environment in the

future. Once realizing this, the easy alternative way is do

not use or purchase cell phone in fashion like luxury

goods but purchase with necessity. One way to help

lessen the burden of electronic waste and solve the

problem at its root, is to promote the campaign to people

to raise the awareness of the shopping habit by reducing

and stop purchasing luxury goods. Just doing this

enables you to improve your quality of life in every

aspect both in terms of economic and environmental

side and for your descendants to have the better

environment.

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(Ni-Cd) ™π‘¥π‘°‡°‘≈-‡À≈Á° (Ni-Fe) ·≈–™π‘¥π‘°‡°‘≈-‚≈À–‰Œ‰¥√¥å (Ni-MH) ®π¡“∂÷ß√ÿàπªí®®ÿ∫—π´÷Ëßπ‘¬¡„™â·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë™π‘¥≈‘‡∑’¬¡-‰ÕÕπ (Li-ion) ÷Ëß “¡“√∂ª√–®ÿ‰øøÑ“‰¥â¡“°°«à“·≈– “¡“√∂™“√å®‰ø‰¥â„π¢≥–∑’Ë¬—ß¡’‰øÕ¬Ÿà ·µà„π∫“ß√ÿàπ°Á¬—ß¡’√“§“ Ÿß

Õ—πµ√“¬®“°´“°‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ·≈–·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë‡¡◊ËÕ∑‘Èß´“°‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ·≈–´“°·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ëª–ªπ‰ª

°—∫¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬™ÿ¡™π ‡¡◊ËÕ‡«≈“ºà“π‰ª à«π‡ª≈◊Õ°ÀàÕÀÿâ¡¢Õß‡§√◊ËÕß‚∑√»—æ∑å·≈–·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë®–‡ ◊ËÕ¡ ¿“æÀ√◊Õºÿ°√àÕπ “√‡§¡’∑’Ë‡ ◊ËÕ¡ ¿“æ¿“¬„π®–‰À≈ÕÕ°¡“ Ÿà ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ “√æ‘…π’È°Á®–‡¢â“ Ÿà√–∫∫π‘‡«»πå·≈–√–∫∫Àà«ß‚´àÕ“À“√ ºà“π∑“ß¥‘ππÈ” ·≈–Õ“°“» ·≈–°àÕ„Àâ‡°‘¥Õ—πµ√“¬µà“ßÊ ‰¥â¥—ßπ’È

§«“¡‡ªìπæ‘…¢Õßµ–°—Ë« ‡ªìπ à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õß°“√∫—¥°√’√à«¡°—∫¥’∫ÿ°„π·ºß«ß®√ ¡’º≈∑”≈“¬√–∫∫ª√– “∑ à«π°≈“ß·≈–√–∫∫‚≈À‘µ °“√∑”ß“π¢Õß‰µ·≈–°“√ ◊∫æ—π∏åÿ ¡’º≈µàÕ°“√æ—≤π“ ¡Õß¢Õß‡¥Á° πÕ°®“°π’È ¬—ß “¡“√∂ – ¡„π∫√√¬“°“»·≈–‡°‘¥º≈·∫∫‡©’¬∫æ≈—πÀ√◊Õ‡√◊ÈÕ√—ß°—∫æ◊™ —µ«å·≈–®ÿ≈™’æ

§«“¡‡ªìπæ‘…¢Õß·§¥‡¡’¬¡ ´÷Ëß‡ªìπ à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õß·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë∫“ßª√–‡¿∑ “¡“√∂ – ¡„π√à“ß°“¬ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–∑’Ë‰µ∑”≈“¬√–∫∫ª√– “∑ àßº≈µàÕæ—≤π“°“√¢Õß‡¥Á°·≈–¿“«–°“√µ—Èß§√√¿å ·≈–¬—ßÕ“®¡’º≈µàÕæ—π∏ÿ°√√¡

§«“¡‡ªìπæ‘…¢Õß “√∑π‰ø ÷Ëß∑”®“°‚∫√¡’π ´÷Ëß„™â„π°≈àÕß “¬‰ø ·ºß«ß®√·≈–µ—«‡™◊ËÕ¡ Õ“®‡ªìπæ‘…·≈– – ¡„π ‘Ëß¡’™’«‘µ ∂â“¡’∑Õß·¥ß√à«¡¥â«¬®–‡æ‘Ë¡§«“¡‡ ’Ë¬ß„π°“√‡°‘¥‰¥ÕäÕ° ‘π·≈–øî«·√π√–À«à“ß°“√‡º“ ÷Ëß‡ªìπ “√°àÕ¡–‡√Áß∑’Ë√â“¬·√ßª√–‡¿∑Àπ÷Ëß àßº≈‡ ’¬µàÕ√–∫∫°“√¬àÕ¬·≈–

pad and carrying signals

2. Adapter for battery charger has copper wire covered

with plastic as main component with other components

of gold, cadmium and asbestos in small quantity.

3. Energy Sources/Battery generally is the recharge-

able one. They are nickel-cadmium batteries (Ni-Cd),

Nickel-Ferrus batteries (Ni-Fe) and Nickel-Metal Hydride

batteries (Ni-MH) until the current one that uses Lithium-Ion

batteries (Li-ion) which can store higher electric amp

and be recharged while containing electricity but the

cost of some model remains high.

Toxicity of Mobile Phone and Battery Remnants

Once cell phone and battery remnants together

with household garbage are disposed of and time has

gone by, the cover of cell phones and batteries will be

deteriorated or corroded. Deteriorated chemical sub-

stances will then be released to the environment and

this toxic will linger in the ecological and food chain

systems, through soil, water and air, causing various

hazards as follows:

The Toxicity of Lead, a component of solder with

tin in the circuit board, causes the destruction of central

nervous brain system and blood system, the kidney

function and reproduction, and the development of

childûs brain. In addition, it can be accumulated in the

atmosphere and has immediate or persistent impact on

plants, animals and microbes.

The Toxicity of Cadmium, a component of some

types of battery, can be accumulated in the body,

particularly in the kidney, causing damages to nervous

system, affecting the child development and pregnancy

state and perhaps to the genetics.

The Toxicity of asbestos made of bromine, used in

the electric wire box, circuit board and connector,

might be toxic and accumulated in the living creature.

If mixed with copper, it causes higher risk of dioxin and

furans formation during the combustion which is class I

carcinogen. It causes damages to digestive system and

lymph, damages liver function, and has the impact to

the nervous system and immune system.

The Toxicity of Beryllium, used in the spring and

connector, is a carcinogen especially lung cancer, which

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—ß§¡ ’‡¢’¬« ‚¥¬ : §√√™‘µ ªîµ–°“ ‡√’¬∫‡√’¬ß‚¥¬ : «√‘ √“ ª√–‡ π¡Ÿ≈

Green Society by : Kanchit Pitaka Edited by : Warisara Prasenmoon

„πªí®®ÿ∫—π‰¥â¡’°“√π”¢¬–°≈—∫¡“„™âª√–‚¬™πå°—π¡“°¢÷Èπ‚¥¬„™â‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’·≈–°√–∫«π°“√µà“ßÊ ‡æ◊ËÕ≈¥ª√‘¡“≥¢¬–∑’Ë‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ ∑—Èßπ’È·π«∑“ß„π°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¡’À≈“¬«‘∏’ ÷Ëß√Ÿª·∫∫∑’Ëπ‘¬¡°—π°Á§◊Õ °“√®—¥°“√¢¬–‚¥¬Õ“»—¬À≈—° 5R §◊Õ R1 (Re-duce) ‡ªìπ°“√≈¥ª√‘¡“≥¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬∑’ËÕ“®‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ ‡™àπ „™âµ–°√â“„ à¢Õß·∑π∂ÿßæ≈“ µ‘° R2 (Reuse) π”¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬‡»…«— ¥ÿ¡“„™â„À¡àÕ’°À√◊Õ‡ªìπ°“√„™â È” „™â·≈â«„™âÕ’°Ê ‡™àπ ¢«¥πÈ”À«“ππ”¡“∫√√®ÿπÈ”¥◊Ë¡ ¢«¥°“·ø∑’ËÀ¡¥·≈â«π”¡“„ àπÈ”µ“≈ R3

Nowadays more and more of the reuse of waste

has been carried out by using technology and different

processes in order to reduce the amount of waste

generated. The guidelines for waste disposal are varied

but the popular method is the waste management in

accordance with 5R principle, that is, R1 (Reduce), to

reduce the amount of waste produced such as use a

bag in place of plastic bags, R2 (Reuse), to recycle

garbage, material residues or reuse, such as refill a

bottle of sweet drinks with plain water, or refill the

empty bottle of coffee with sugar, R3 (Repair), to cor-

rect, to repair the broken materials which are about to

be dumped to be able to use again such as a chair,

R4 (Recycle), to reuse, to transform waste, depending

on the process of each type, for reuse or transform its

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√—∫´◊ÈÕ¢¬–®“° ¡“™‘°∑ÿ°‡ “√åÀ√◊ÕÕ“∑‘µ¬å ‡«≈“ 09.00-12.00 π.‚¥¬¡’√–∫∫∫—π∑÷°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑’Ëπ”¡“„™â ‰¥â·°à

1. ·∫∫∑–‡∫’¬π ¡“™‘°2. ¡ÿ¥§ŸàΩ“° ”À√—∫ ¡“™‘°3. °√–¥“…∑”°“√∏π“§“√4. ∫—π∑÷°°“√´◊ÈÕ-¢“¬¢Õß ¡“™‘°

º≈ ”‡√Á®¢Õß∏π“§“√¢¬–µâπ·∫∫·Ààß·√° ‰¥â¢¬“¬º≈‰ª Ÿà™ÿ¡™πÕ◊ËπÊ ∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈â«„π¢≥–π’È ·µà‡π◊ËÕß®“°‡ªìπ‚§√ß°“√∑’Ë™ÿ¡™π “¡“√∂®—¥∑”¢÷Èπ¥â«¬µπ‡Õß‚¥¬Õ“»—¬‚§√ßß“π¢Õß‚§√ß°“√µâπ·∫∫¡“„™â‰¥âÕ¬à“ßÕ‘ √– ®÷ß‰¡à¡’°“√‡°Á∫ ∂‘µ‘·≈–ª√–‡¡‘πº≈ ”‡√Á®¢Õß‚§√ß°“√‰¥âÕ¬à“ß∑—Ë«∂÷ß„πªí®®ÿ∫—π

∏π“§“√¢¬–πÕ°‡Àπ◊Õ®“°°“√¡’ à«π™à«¬≈¥ª√‘¡“≥¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬¢Õß™ÿ¡™π·≈â« ¬—ß‡ªìπ·À≈àß‡√’¬π√Ÿâ∑’Ë ”§—≠·ÀàßÀπ÷Ëß ”À√—∫‡¥Á°Ê ·≈–§π„π™ÿ¡™π ºŸâ„À≠à„π™ÿ¡™π∑à“πÀπ÷Ëß∑’Ë‡¢â“√à«¡‚§√ß°“√∏π“§“√¢¬–‰¥â„Àâ —¡¿“…≥å«à“ ç∏π“§“√¢¬–∑”„Àâ§π„π™ÿ¡™π√Ÿâ®—°§ÿ≥§à“¢¬–·≈–√Ÿâ«à“¢¬–√’‰´‡§‘≈ “¡“√∂·≈°‡ª≈’Ë¬π‡ªìπ‡ß‘πµ√“‰¥â·≈â« ¬—ß∑”„Àâ‡¥Á°√Ÿâ®—°°“√ÕÕ¡é „π¢≥–∑’ËºŸâ„À≠à∑à“πÀπ÷Ëß∑’Ë¡’ à«π™à«¬¥Ÿ·≈∏π“§“√¢¬–‡ªî¥‡º¬«à“ç‡√“‡πâπ„Àâ‡¥Á°§—¥·¬°¢¬–‡°Á∫¡“®“°∫â“π ·≈–√–À«à“ß‡¥‘π°≈—∫®“°‚√ß‡√’¬π ·µà‰¡à„Àâ§ÿâ¬µ“¡∂—ß¢¬– ‡æ√“–Õ“®∑”„Àâ‡¥Á°µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ·≈–º‘¥À≈—°°“√∏π“§“√¢¬–é

the burden of the parents in a way. Apart from the

service of repurchase recyclable materials, the bank

stimulates among the bank member to compete for

the top sales. At the end of the year, the member who

has the highest sale of recyclable products will get

special prize or bonus.

The waste bank of Wat Phan pee Municipal School

is open for member every Saturday or Sunday from

09.00-12.00 p.m. by using the database record system

as follows:

1. Form of Member Registration

2. Saving Account books for members

3. Bank working paper

4. The record of buy-sell of the member

The success of the first waste bank has been

expanded to other communities throughout the country.

However, as the waste bank is a project that the

community can set up on their own based on the free

use of the modelûs project scheme, at present the

statistics and evaluation of the project havenût been

widely made nationwide. In 2001 more than 30 provinces

have approximately 500 waste banks, each of which is

≈—°…≥–¢Õß ¡ÿ¥§ŸàΩ“° ”À√—∫ ¡“™‘° ‡ªìπ¥—ßπ’È

Feature of the savings account book of the member is

- µ—«Õ¬à“ß -

«/¥/ª √“¬°“√ πÈ”Àπ—° (°°.) ®”π«π‡ß‘π ºŸâ®à“¬‡ß‘π

‚√ß‡√’¬π‡∑»∫“≈«—¥æ—πªï ‡∑»∫“≈π§√æ‘…≥ÿ‚≈° ¡“™‘°‡≈¢∑’Ë ______

- µ—«Õ¬à“ß -

«/¥/ª √“¬°“√ √“§“(∫“∑)

®”π«π(°°.)

®”π«π‡ß‘π

∫“∑ µ.

‡®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë

‚√ß‡√’¬π _______________________________________________________™◊ËÕ∫—≠™’ ________________________ ‡≈¢∑’Ë∫—≠™’ _____________________

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(Repair) °“√π”¡“·°â‰¢ π”«— ¥ÿÕÿª°√≥å∑’Ë™”√ÿ¥‡ ’¬À“¬ ÷Ëß®–∑‘Èß‡ªìπ¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬¡“ àÕ¡·´¡„™â„À¡à ‡™àπ ‡°â“Õ’È R4 (Recycle)°“√À¡ÿπ‡«’¬π°≈—∫¡“„™â π”¢¬–¡“·ª√√Ÿªµ“¡°√–∫«π°“√¢Õß·µà≈–ª√–‡¿∑ ‡æ◊ËÕπ”°≈—∫¡“„™âª√–‚¬™πå„À¡à À√◊Õ‡ª≈’Ë¬π·ª≈ß ¿“æ®“°‡¥‘¡·≈â«π”¡“„™â„À¡à ‡™àπ æ≈“ µ‘°°√–¥“… ¢«¥ ‚≈À–µà“ßÊ œ≈œ π”¡“À≈Õ¡„À¡à π”¬“ß√∂¬πµå∑’Ë„™â‰¡à‰¥â·≈â«¡“∑”√Õß‡∑â“ π”·°â«·µ°¡“À≈Õ¡º≈‘µ‡ªìπ·°â«À√◊Õ°√–®°„À¡à ·≈– R5 (Reject) °“√À≈’°‡≈’Ë¬ß°“√„™â«— ¥ÿ∑’Ë∑”≈“¬¬“° À√◊Õ«— ¥ÿ∑’Ë„™â§√—Èß‡¥’¬«·≈â«∑‘Èß ‡™àπ ‚ø¡ªØ‘‡ ∏°“√„™âº≈‘µ¿—≥±å∑’Ë¬àÕ¬ ≈“¬¬“° À≈’°‡≈’Ë¬ß°“√„™â∑’Ëº‘¥«—µ∂ÿª√– ß§å ®“°‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’µà“ßÊ ‡À≈à“π’È∑”„Àâ‡°‘¥∏ÿ√°‘®‡°’Ë¬«°—∫°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬À≈“¬√Ÿª·∫∫ ÷Ëß‡ªìπ∑’Ë√Ÿâ®—°°—πÕ¬à“ß·æ√àÀ≈“¬°Á§◊Õ ∏ÿ√°‘®°“√√’‰´‡§‘≈¢¬– À√◊Õ ç∏π“§“√

¢¬–é π—Ëπ‡Õß∏π“§“√¢¬–√’‰´‡§‘≈ ‡ªìπ√Ÿª·∫∫Àπ÷Ëß¢Õß°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–

¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬ ·≈– àß‡ √‘¡°“√§—¥·¬°¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬ ‚¥¬‡√‘Ë¡µâπ∑’Ë‡¬“«™π·≈–™ÿ¡™π‡ªìπÀ≈—° ·≈–„™â‚√ß‡√’¬π‡ªìπ ∂“π∑’Ë¥”‡π‘π°“√ ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ‡¬“«™π·≈–™ÿ¡™π‡°‘¥§«“¡‡¢â“„®„π°“√§—¥·¬°¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬ ∑”„Àâ‡¬“«™π®–‡°‘¥·π«§‘¥∑’Ë¥’µàÕ°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬ ·≈–‡¢â“„®§ÿ≥§à“¢Õß ‘Ëß¢Õßµà“ßÊ «à“«— ¥ÿ∫“ßª√–‡¿∑ “¡“√∂π”‰ª„™âª√–‚¬™πå‰¥âÀ≈“¬§√—Èß À√◊Õ “¡“√∂‡ª≈’Ë¬π‡ªìπ‡ß‘π‰¥â ·≈–™à«¬„Àâª√‘¡“≥¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬≈¥ª√‘¡“≥≈ß (°√¡ àß‡ √‘¡§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡)

ª√–°“¬§«“¡§‘¥¢Õß∏π“§“√¢¬– ‡√‘Ë¡®“°‡®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë¢Õß∫√‘…—∑ «ß…åæ“≥‘™¬å ®”°—¥ ‰¥â‡ÀÁπ‡¥Á°π—°‡√’¬π¬“°®π„π‡∑»∫“≈π§√æ‘…≥ÿ‚≈°√«∫√«¡«— ¥ÿ√’‰´‡§‘≈¡“¢“¬ ·≈â«π”‡ß‘π∑’Ë¢“¬«— ¥ÿ‡À≈à“π—Èπ‰¥â¡“Ω“°∏π“§“√ ¥—ßπ—ÈπÀ“° “¡“√∂µ—Èß∏π“§“√¢¬–„π‚√ß‡√’¬π‰¥â°Á®–¡’§«“¡ –¥«°·°à‡¥Á°π—°‡√’¬π¡“°¢÷Èπ ®÷ß‰¥âπ”·π«§‘¥¥—ß°≈à“«¡“ª√÷°…“°—∫‡∑»∫“≈π§√æ‘…≥ÿ‚≈° ·≈–‰¥â√—∫Õπÿ¡—µ‘„Àâ¥”‡π‘π°“√∑¥≈Õß‚§√ß°“√∏π“§“√¢¬–‡ªìπ§√—Èß·√°„πªï æ.». 2542 ≥ ‚√ß‡√’¬π‡∑»∫“≈«—¥æ—πªï Õ.‡¡◊Õß ®.æ‘…≥ÿ‚≈° ‡æ◊ËÕ π—∫ πÿπ„Àâπ—°‡√’¬π·≈–

components and reuse, for example, plastic, paper,

glass bottle, metals, and etc. are to be melted, use

the unusable tires to make new pair of shoes, melt the

broken glasses and make new glass or window glass,

and R5 (Reject), to avoid the use of materials which

are difficult to decompose or the use of the materials

that can be used only once and then eliminated such

as foam, and say no to the products that are difficult

to decompose, or avoid the misuse of products. Owing

to these technologies, the business of waste management

exists, which is commonly known as the business of

recycling waste or çwaste bank.é

Waste Bank is a form of waste management and

the support of waste separation by implementing it with

the youth and community as major and using the school

as the operational site in order that the youth and

community understand the segregation of waste. The

youth, thus, originates the positive idea towards waste

management and acknowledge values of different things

that some materials can be reused many times or convert

them into money and help reduce the amount of waste.

(Department of Environmental Quality Promotion)

The sparkling idea of waste bank came from an

employee of Wongphanit co., ltd., who has seen poor

students at Muang Pitsanuloke municipality gathering

the recyclable materials and selling them for living and

depositing such money at the bank. Therefore, if the

waste bank can be set up at school, it will be more

convenient for students. The idea was then discussed

with Muang Pitsanuloke municipality and approved to

pilot the project for the first time in 1999 at Wat Phanpee

Municipal School, Muang district, Pitsanuloke province

ºŸâ®—¥°“√ (1 §π)

√ÕßºŸâ®—¥°“√ (1 §π)

∑’Ëª√÷°…“ (1 §π)

°√√¡°“√ (8 §π)

‡À√—≠≠‘° (1 §π) ‡≈¢“πÿ°“√ (1 §π)

The Committee is held responsible for the management, publicity, promotion of activities, accounting, and coordination with the business owners. The meeting of the Committee is held once a month and their performance will be assessed by the responsible advisor.

The waste bank is managed by appointing the youth committee, which consists of 12 members. 2 adults, appointed by the Committee, are advisors. The organization chart is:

ºŸâ®—¥°“√ (1 §π)

√ÕßºŸâ®—¥°“√ (1 §π)

∑’Ëª√÷°…“ (1 §π)

°√√¡°“√ (8 §π)

‡À√—≠≠‘° (1 §π) ‡≈¢“πÿ°“√ (1 §π)

§≥–°√√¡°“√¡’Àπâ“∑’Ë√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫„π°“√∫√‘À“√®—¥°“√∏π“§“√ °“√ª√–™“ —¡æ—π∏å àß‡ √‘¡°‘®°√√¡ ®—¥∑”∫—≠™’ ·≈–ª√– “πß“π°—∫ºŸâª√–°Õ∫°“√§â“¢Õß‡°à“∑’Ë®–π”‰ª¢“¬ ‚¥¬®–¡’°“√π—¥ª√–™ÿ¡§≥–°√√¡°“√‡¥◊Õπ≈– 1 §√—Èß ·≈–®–¡’°“√µ‘¥µ“¡ª√–‡¡‘πº≈°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π‚¥¬∑’Ëª√÷°…“∑’Ë‰¥â√—∫¡Õ∫À¡“¬

∏π“§“√¢¬–∫√‘À“√ß“π‚¥¬°“√·µàßµ—Èß§≥–°√√¡°“√‡¬“«™π ÷Ëßª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ ¡“™‘° 12 §π¡’∑’Ëª√÷°…“∑’Ë‡ªìπºŸâ „À≠à ´÷Ëß¡“®“°°“√·µàßµ—Èß‚¥¬§≥–°√√¡°“√™ÿ¡™πÕ’° 2 §π ‚¥¬¡’º—ß„π°“√∫√‘À“√ß“π ¥—ßπ’È

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to support the students and community to be engaged

in the process of separation of waste and selling them.

This supports the real network of recycling business.

The waste bank is different from the common one

in that the member doesnût deposit the money at the

bank but instead bring the recyclable materials and

convert them into deposit money at his/her account. It

is also under the management of the community youth

except those that are too young. Adults can also register

to be a member there.

The young people from each household can apply

to be a bank member. When the members sort out the

waste of each household, they then collect and deposit

them at the bank where they are a member. The bank

officer who is also young will take the recyclable wastes

and convert them in to money deposited at the account

of the member, which can be withdrawn on the operation

hour of the bank. Then, the bank will collect these

recyclable materials and sell them to those who

repurchase the recycled products, converting them into

money to be deposits for the bank member and cash

flow of the bank operation. The operation of the bank

does not require any payment from the member.

Therefore, the sale of recyclable materials of the children

generates income for the children in the community

and they can save or freely spend them, thus lessening

§π„π™ÿ¡™π‡¢â“¡“¡’ à«π√à«¡„π°“√§—¥·¬°¢¬–√’‰´‡§‘≈·≈â«π”‰ª¢“¬ ´÷Ëß‡ªìπ°“√ àß‡ √‘¡„Àâ‡°‘¥‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬∏ÿ√°‘®°“√´◊ÈÕ-¢“¬«— ¥ÿ√’‰´‡§‘≈Õ¬à“ß®√‘ß®—ß

∏π“§“√¢¬–µà“ß®“°∏π“§“√∑—Ë«‰ª §◊Õ ¡“™‘°‰¡àµâÕßπ”‡ß‘π¡“∑’Ë∏π“§“√ ·µà‡Õ“«— ¥ÿ√’‰´‡§‘≈∑’Ë®–∑‘Èß‡¢â“¡“‡ª≈’Ë¬π‡ªìπ®”π«π‡ß‘πΩ“°„π∫—≠™’ √«¡∑—Èß¡’°“√∫√‘À“√ß“π‚¥¬‡¬“«™π¢Õß™ÿ¡™π ¬°‡«âπ‡¥Á°∑’Ë¬—ß‡≈Á°¡“° ‚¥¬ºŸâ„À≠à°Á “¡“√∂≈ß∑–‡∫’¬π‡¢â“‡ªìπ ¡“™‘°‰¥â‡™àπ°—π

‡¬“«™π„π·µà≈–§√—«‡√◊Õπ “¡“√∂ ¡—§√‡ªìπ ¡“™‘°∏π“§“√œ ‰¥â ‡¡◊ËÕ ¡“™‘°∑”°“√§—¥·¬°¢¬–∑’Ë¬—ß„™â‰¥â¢Õß·µà≈–§√—«‡√◊Õπ·≈â«√«∫√«¡‰ªΩ“°∑’Ë∏π“§“√œ ∑’Ëµπ‡Õß‡ªìπ ¡“™‘°Õ¬Ÿà ‡®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë∏π“§“√œ ´÷Ëß‡ªìπ‡¬“«™π‡™àπ°—π ®–√—∫¢¬–√’‰´‡§‘≈¡“§‘¥¡Ÿ≈§à“‡ªìπ‡ß‘πΩ“°„ à‰«â„π ¡ÿ¥∫—≠™’¢Õß ¡“™‘°·µà≈–§π ÷Ëß ¡“™‘° “¡“√∂‡∫‘°∂Õπ‡ß‘π‰¥â„π«—π∑’Ë¥”‡π‘π°“√¢Õß∏π“§“√œ À≈—ß®“°π—Èπ∏π“§“√œ ®–√«∫√«¡«— ¥ÿ√’‰´‡§‘≈∑’Ë ¡“™‘°π”¡“Ω“°‰ª¢“¬„Àâ·°à√â“π√—∫ ◊ÈÕ¢Õß‡°à“ ‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ‡ß‘πΩ“°·°à ¡“™‘°·≈–À¡ÿπ‡«’¬π¿“¬„π∏π“§“√œ °“√¥”‡π‘πß“π¢Õß∏π“§“√œ π—Èπ®–‰¡à¡’°“√‡√’¬°‡°Á∫§à“„™â®à“¬®“° ¡“™‘°·µàÕ¬à“ß„¥ ¥—ßπ—Èπ °“√¢“¬‡»…«— ¥ÿ√’‰´‡§‘≈¢Õß‡¥Á°Ê „π™ÿ¡™π “¡“√∂°àÕ„Àâ‡°‘¥√“¬‰¥â‚¥¬ “¡“√∂π”‰ª‡°Á∫ÕÕ¡ À√◊Õ„™â‰¥âÕ¬à“ßÕ‘ √– ÷Ëß‡ªìπ°“√™à«¬≈¥¿“√–§à“„™â®à“¬¢ÕßºŸâª°§√Õß‰¥âÕ’°∑“ßÀπ÷Ëß πÕ°®“°°“√√—∫´◊ÈÕ¢¬–√’‰´‡§‘≈®“° ¡“™‘°·≈â«∏π“§“√œ ¬—ß¡’°“√°√–µÿâπ„Àâ‡°‘¥°“√µ◊Ëπµ—«„πÀ¡Ÿà ¡“™‘°‚¥¬„Àâ¡’°“√·¢àß¢—π°“√∑”¬Õ¥¢“¬ ‡¡◊ËÕ ‘Èπªï ¡“™‘°∑’Ë¡’¬Õ¥¢“¬‡»…«— ¥ÿ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥®–‰¥â√—∫√“ß«—≈ À√◊Õ‚∫π— æ‘‡»…

∏π“§“√¢¬– ≥ ‚√ß‡√’¬π‡∑»∫“≈«—¥æ—πªï ®–‡ªî¥∑”°“√

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expected to help reduce the volume of waste for 3-5

tons per month.

Waste Bank not only helps lessen the amount of

community waste, it also is the center of knowledge for

kids and people in the community. An adult in the

community who has participated in the waste bank

project gave an interview that çThe waste bank enables

people in the community to know the value of waste

and realize that recyclable waste can be converted in

to money, teaching the children to know how to save.é

Another adult who helps manage the waste bank revealed

that çWe focus on the children to sort out waste at

their home and during on their way home but not to

poke into the waste bins because the children might get

infected and itûs not the principle of waste bank.é

We can see that the operation of waste bank gener-

®÷ß‡ÀÁπ‰¥â«à“°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π∏π“§“√¢¬–π—Èπ‰¥â°àÕ„Àâ‡°‘¥√Ÿª·∫∫°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ·ºπ„À¡à∑’Ë·∑â®√‘ß ∑’Ë‡ªî¥‚Õ°“ „Àâ‡¥Á°Ê ‰¥â¡’‚Õ°“ §‘¥‡Õß ¡’§«“¡‡ªìπ‡®â“¢Õß ·≈–‡√’¬π√Ÿâ„πÀ≈“¬Ê ¥â“π‰ªæ√âÕ¡°—π ‡¥Á°Ê ‰¥â‡√’¬π√Ÿâ√–∫∫°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π∏π“§“√ °“√ÕÕ¡∑√—æ¬å °“√§—¥·¬°¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬ °“√√’‰´‡§‘≈¢¬– ·≈–°“√∑”ß“π√à«¡°—π‡ªìπ°≈ÿà¡ µ≈Õ¥®π‰¥â‡√’¬π√Ÿâ°“√∑”∏ÿ√°‘®¢π“¥¬àÕ¡Ê ‰¥â¥â«¬µπ‡Õß

∏π“§“√¢¬–‡ªìππ‘¡‘µ√À¡“¬Õ—π¥’µàÕ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ∑’Ë “¡“√∂¥÷ß™ÿ¡™π‡¢â“¡“¡’∫∑∫“∑„π°“√¥Ÿ·≈√—°…“ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡‰¥â‚¥¬§«“¡ ¡—§√„® ∑’Ë°àÕ„Àâ‡°‘¥º≈¥’·°à∑ÿ°Ê ΩÉ“¬ ‰¡à«à“®–‡ªìπ¿“§√—∞ À√◊Õ™ÿ¡™π ‰¡à‡æ’¬ß‡∑à“π—Èπ∏π“§“√¢¬–¬—ß‡ªìπµâπ·∫∫„π°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬∑’Ë “¡“√∂®ÿ¥ª√–°“¬·π«§‘¥„ÀâÀπà«¬ß“πµà“ßÊ ‰¥âª√– “π§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ°—π∑’Ë®–§‘¥§âπ√Ÿª·∫∫°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π≈—°…≥–„À¡àÊ „π°“√®—¥°“√ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¥â“πÕ◊ËπÊ Õ¬à“ßπ’ÈÕ’° ‡æ◊ËÕ°“√Õπÿ√—°…å∑√—æ¬“°√ªÉ“‰¡â ·À≈àßπÈ”Õ“°“»·≈–¥‘π

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ates new form of learning, new and a true method, that

opens up the opportunity to the children to think by

themselves, possess the sense of ownership, and at the

same time learn in many varies areas. The children know the

operational system of the bank, savings, separation of waste,

recycling waste, and working as a team including how to

run small business by their own.

Waste bank is then a good sign to the environment

in terms that it can attract the community to voluntarily

play a role in conserving the environment. It is benefi-

cial to every part, whether be government or private

sector or community. The waste bank is also the model

for other agencies to cooperate in implementing innova-

tive application regarding the environmental manage-

ment in other areas such as forest conservation, water

resources, air, and soil.

The waste bank is just the beginning but the harder

part is how to maintain it to sustain in the longer term.

The bank is able to survive when the member makes

profit and the committee is motivated to perform. The

important aspect is that they must possess harmony and

honesty, which must be instilled throughout the operational

period mentors from the government and NGOs, no matter

who they are; be local officer, teachers, or adults who

participate. We will then see the waste bank as a strong

organization to further exist in the Thai society to help

reduce the environmental problem and build savings

consciousness in the community at the same time, as

well as stimulate the effective use of the resources

before disposal.

∏π“§“√¢¬–¬—ß∂◊Õ

«à“‡ªìπ‡æ’¬ß®ÿ¥‡√‘Ë¡µâπ

‡∑à“π—Èπ ·µà°“√∑’Ë®–√—°…“

„Àâ∏π“§“√¢¬–Õ¬Ÿà‰¥â

Õ¬à“ß¬—Ë ß¬◊πµàÕ‰ªπ—Èπ

‡ ªì π ‘Ë ß ∑’Ë ¬ “ ° ° «à “

∏π“§“√¢¬–®–Õ¬Ÿà‰¥â

‡¡◊ËÕ ¡“™‘°¡’º≈°”‰√

§≥–°√√¡°“√¡’·√ß

®Ÿ ß„®„π°“√∑”ß“π ∑’Ë

” §— ≠ µâ Õ ß ¡’ § « “ ¡

“¡—§§’·≈–´◊ËÕ —µ¬å ´÷Ëß

‘Ëß‡À≈à“π’È®–µâÕß‰¥â√—∫

°“√ª≈Ÿ°Ωíß®‘µ ”π÷°‰ª

æ√âÕ¡Ê °—π µ≈Õ¥√–¬–

‡«≈“°“√∑”Àπâ“∑’Ëæ’Ë‡≈’È¬ß

¢Õß¿“§√—∞À√◊Õ NGOs

‰¡à«à“®–‡ªìπ‡®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë

∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ §√Ÿ À√◊ÕºŸâ„À≠à∑’Ë¡’ à«π√à«¡∑ÿ°§π ‡√“®÷ß®–‰¥â‡ÀÁπ

∏π“§“√¢¬–‡ªìπÕß§å°√∑’Ë¡’§«“¡‡¢â¡·¢Áß·≈–Õ¬Ÿà§Ÿà —ß§¡

‰∑¬µ≈Õ¥‰ª ‡æ◊ËÕ™à«¬≈¥ªí≠À“ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ·≈– √â“ß

®‘µ ”π÷°°“√Õ¥ÕÕ¡„π™ÿ¡™π µ≈Õ¥®π°√–µÿâπ„Àâ‡°‘¥°“√

„™â∑√—æ¬“°√Õ¬à“ß§ÿâ¡§à“°àÕπ®–∑‘Èß

Õ∫∂“¡¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡‡°’Ë¬«°—∫∏π“§“√¢¬–‰¥â∑’Ë ‚§√ß°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬ ”À√—∫™ÿ¡™π‡¡◊Õß ®—ßÀ«—¥

æ‘…≥ÿ‚≈° ‡∑»∫“≈π§√æ‘…≥ÿ‚≈° ‚∑√. 0 5523 2301 À√◊Õ www.wongpanit.com

For more information about the waste bank, please contact The Project of Waste Management for

Community, Pitsanuloke Province, Muang Pitsanuloke Municipality Tel. 0 5523 2301 or www.wongpanit.com

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„∫ÕàÕπ ‚¥¬ : ∑√ß™—¬ ¥≈ª√– ‘∑∏‘Ï

Young Leaf by : Songchai DolprasithG

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·≈â«π”¡“¢“¬‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ∑ÿπ°“√»÷°…“ ÷ËßÕ“®“√¬å®”≈Õß º≈ª√–‡ √‘∞ ºŸâ¥Ÿ·≈‚§√ß°“√π’È‰¥â‡≈à“„Àâç‡ âπ∑“ß ’‡¢’¬«é øíß∂÷ß∑’Ë¡“¢Õß‚§√ß°“√¥—ß°≈à“«

Garbage is unpleasant waste and useless for most people, but this isnût true to

a child, who values waste because it is a source of income source for tuition fee,

book expenses, clothing and daily living expenses. From this small point, it triggers

Wat Klang Klong Sam School to expand the idea to become a project for poor

students to jointly collect waste and sell them as a savings for scholarship. AjarnChamlong Pholprasert, an advisor to this project, told the origin of this project toGreen Line.

Little Sa-LengFrom Wat Klang Klong Sam School

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‚√ß‡√’¬π®÷ßπ”¡“∑”‡ªìπ‚§√ß°“√µàÕ

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∫â“ß ∫“ß§πÕ¬Ÿà°—∫æ√– æ√–°Á∑‘ÈßÕ’° ∑ÿ°§π‡ªìπ‡¥Á°πà“ ß “√ ·µà

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How was this project originated?It started from a student who was then at Matthayom 3.

Everyday after the school hours and during the weekend,

he would walk around the school and other places,

collecting waste and gathering them at school. At first

the school just knew that he collected waste at school

which was a good action. Once there were much

enough and the waste pick-up truck stopped by, he

would then sell them. Later he persuaded his 5-6 best

friends to do so. Now all of them graduated. They were

doing this for one semester and graduated in 2004.

After that the school adopted the idea and further

implemented it as a project.

How many students are currently joiningthis project?5-6 students are seriously in the project. All of them are

from the poor family. Some not only come from poor

family but are also broken home. Their parents left

them. Some lived with the monks but monks also left

them alone. All of them are pathetic but very hard

working.

How do they work?These kids will collect wastes following their own thought.

No one has never told them how. For the selling part,

they too negotiate the price themselves. They start

picking up waste after school hours and collect at

some other places, only at school. Wherever they find

trash, they pick it up and then gather them at school.

They will later sell them, earning some money for their

living expenses, food, books, or even the boy scoutûs

uniform, which they bought with the money earned

form selling trash.

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How much do they earn each time?Around 200 baht each. The school nowadays let the

whole class does this. When they can sell waste, they

will deposit the money under their own name, such as,

Prathom 4 will deposit under their name. It turns out to

be income for the class and a special activity as well.

Is there any support from school?The school helps provide temporary storage of waste

and are preparing for the construction of the permanent

one. And when the school holds any events, such as

Chinese dishes, we will inform the kids to collect waste,

which is considered a cleaning process at the same

time. Generally, the school holds a lot of events such as

the event of the local administration, which produces a

lot of waste.

Are their grades at the satisfactory level?(Ajarn Chamlong shaking his head) said they are not at

the satisfactory level, considered not good. It might be

because of other economic factor of the family. No

parents are teaching them or have brought them up.

So, this is the outcome. But they all are good students,

very pathetic. They are fighting and trying hard to learn

by themselves. They should be honored instead.

Are there any supplementary occupationsthat the school advise?Apart from waste collection, the school advises other

activities as well, for example, when the school has a

party, weûll advise them to serve food, water and drinks.

The school will organize a group of 9-10 students to

help around at the party. The children make money

from this, too. After the party, they will then handle with

the waste.

Despite considered worthless, wastes are beneficial

to these kids. They can take advantages of them for

their own sake, for their family, school, and community.

It is something that the children can take pride. And Wat

Klang Klong Sam School is proud of having students who

are creative, hard working, and have the awareness in

doing good deeds.

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°√’π‡«Á∫ ‚¥¬ : Mr.web

Green Web by : Mr.web

Website

‡ â π∑“ß ’ ‡ ¢’ ¬«©∫—∫π’È æ“∑à “π∑à Õß ‰ª „π‚≈°Õ‘π‡∑Õ√å ‡πÁµ ‚¥¬π”‡∑’Ë¬«‡«Á∫‰´µå¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡°’Ë¬«°—∫ ‘Ë ß · « ¥ ≈â Õ ¡ ´÷Ë ß ∑à “ π ∑’Ë µâ Õ ß ° “ √ ∑ √ “ ∫ ¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡°Á≈Õß·«–‡«’¬π‡¢â“‰ª∑—°∑“¬„π‡«Á∫‰´µåµà“ßÊ ∑’Ëπ”‡ πÕ¡“„π§√—Èßπ’È ‰¥â‡≈¬

This issue of Green Line magazine will takeyou to cruise along the Internet world, visiting abunch of environmental websites. Those who wantto get information about the environment can browsearound these websites.

1. www.environnet.in.th„Àâ§«“¡√Ÿâ‡√◊ËÕß ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ¢à“« “√ °‘®°√√¡ ‡°√Á¥§«“¡√Ÿâ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’Ëπà“ π„® ‡√◊ËÕß‡¥àπª√–®” —ª¥“Àå ¢à“«·≈–‡Àµÿ°“√≥å

ªí®®ÿ∫—π ‡°¡ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ¥”‡π‘πß“π·≈–®—¥∑”¿“¬„µâ°“√¥Ÿ·≈‚¥¬°√–∑√«ß∑√—æ¬“°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡It provides knowledge of environment, informative news, activities, and interesting environmental tips, talk of the

week, news and current situation, environmental games. It is operated and launched by the Ministry of Natural

Resources and Environment.

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3. www.raktawan.com·π–π”º≈‘µ¿—≥±å™’«¿“æ‡æ◊ËÕ‡°…µ√°√‰∑¬ ∫Õ°√“§“æ◊™º≈°“√‡°…µ√ ·≈–√«¡∫∑§«“¡πà“√Ÿâ¡“°¡“¬It introduces bio-products for the Thai farmers, information of agricultural prices and the collection of many

knowledgeable articles.

4. www.agrothailand.com‡ πÕ¢à“« “√°“√‡°…µ√ ∫∑§«“¡ “√–πà“√Ÿâ‡√◊ËÕß‡°…µ√ ªÿÜ¬ ‡§¡’¿—≥±å °“√ª≈Ÿ°æ◊™ °“√‡≈’È¬ß —µ«åIt presents agricultural news, interesting information about agriculture, fertilizer, chemical products, cultivation

and animal husbandry.

2. www.pcd.go.th‡«Á∫‰´µå°√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘… °√–∑√«ß∑√—æ¬“°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ¡’¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¢ÕßÀπà«¬ß“π∑’Ë —ß°—¥„π‡√◊ËÕßµà“ßÊ ∑—Èß

¢à“« “√ °‘®°√√¡ §«“¡√Ÿâ∑“ß«‘™“°“√¥â“π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡It is the website of the Pollution Control Department, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. The

information of any divisions under this department is available, including informative news, activities, and environ-

mental knowledge.

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6. www.eppo.go.th‡«Á∫‰´µå°√–∑√«ßæ≈—ßß“π „Àâ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¢à“« “√¥â“πæ≈—ßß“π °“√¥”‡π‘πß“π¿“¬„π √«¡∑—Èß°‘®°√√¡„π°“√√≥√ß§å°“√ª√–À¬—¥

æ≈—ßß“π¢Õß√—∞∫“≈This website belongs to the Ministry of Energy, providing information about energy, internal operation, including

government campaign activities on energy savings.

5. www.environmentthailand.info‡ªìπ·À≈àß¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¥â“π°“√√—°…“Õπÿ√—°…å ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ¡’¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¢à“« “√∑’Ëπà“ π„®‡°’Ë¬«°—∫‡Àµÿ°“√≥å §«“¡‡§≈◊ËÕπ‰À«∑’Ë‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ

„π‡√◊ËÕß ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡∑—Èß¢Õßª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–√Õ∫‚≈° √«¡∑—Èß LinkWebsite Àπà«¬ß“π∑’Ë‡°’Ë¬«¢âÕß¥â“π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡It is a source of environmental conservation. Interesting information of the movement in Thailand and around

the world, including the website Links to other related environmental organization are available.

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‰ß§√—∫ ©∫—∫π’Èπ”‡ πÕ 8 ‡«Á∫‰´µå∑’Ëπà“ π„® À“°∑à“π‰¥â≈Õß·«–‡«’¬π‡¢â“‰ª √—∫√Õß‰¥â√—∫ “√–∑’Ëπà“ π„®À≈“¬‡√◊ËÕß‡≈¬∑’‡¥’¬« ·≈â«æ∫°—π©∫—∫Àπâ“§√—∫

See? This issue presents 8 interesting websites. If you just browse along, I can guarantee that you willbe getting loads of information. See you next issue.

7. www.stapana.net‡«Á∫‰´µå»Ÿπ¬å√’‰ ‡§‘≈æ√– ∂“ªπ“ °√ÿß‡∑æ¡À“π§√

„Àâ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¢à“« “√¥â“π°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ °“√æ—≤π“√—°…“ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ °“√®—¥°‘®°√√¡‡º¬·æ√à√à«¡°—∫Àπà«¬ß“πµà“ßÊ „π°“√®—¥°“√ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡‡æ◊ËÕ —ß§¡

Bangkok Phra Stapana recycle center

website offers information on educational news,

the environmental development conservation,

the organization of events in conjunction with

other agencies in terms of environmental

management for the society.

8. http://biodiversity.biotec.or.th„Àâ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡°’Ë¬«°—∫‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬»Ÿπ¬å ‡°Á∫√—°…“

®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å·Ààßª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ß“π§«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬∑“ß™’«¿“æ ‚§√ß°“√æ◊™Õ“À“√ ¢à“« “√ π‡∑» Õÿ∑¬“π·Ààß™“µ‘ —µ«åªÉ“ ß«π √“¬™◊ËÕª√–‡∑»¿“§’Õπÿ —≠≠“§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬∑“ß™’«¿“æ

This website provides information about

Network of Microbes Preservation Center of

Thailand, bio-safety, food-vegetation project,

news, informative news, national parks, reserved

animals, and a list of parties under the Con-

vention on Biological Diversity.

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“√–πà“√Ÿâ ‡√’¬∫‡√’¬ß‚¥¬ : √√æ ‘∑∏‘Ï ‘ßÀåªï¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈®“° : º».™≈“»—¬ Àà«ßª√–‡ √‘∞

À—«Àπâ“¿“§«‘™“«‘∑¬“»“ µ√åÕπ“¡—¬ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡§≥– “∏“√≥ ÿ¢»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¡À‘¥≈

Green Tips Compiled by : Sapphasith Singhpee Information from Asst. Prof. Chalasai Huangprasert

Head of Environmental Health Science Department,Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University

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¢¬–∑’Ë‡°‘¥¢÷Èππ—∫«—π®–¡’ª√‘¡“≥¡“°¢÷Èπ À“°‰¡à “¡“√∂°”®—¥‰¥âÀ¡¥ °Á®–‡ªìπ¢¬–µ°§â“ß àß°≈‘Ëπ‡À¡Áπ√∫°«π·≈–‡ªìπ·À≈àß‡æ“–æ—π∏ÿå‡™◊ÈÕ‚√§ ¢¬–∑’Ëµ°§â“ß·≈–∂Ÿ°∑‘Èß‰«âπ—Èπ∫“ß à«π®–¬àÕ¬ ≈“¬µ“¡∏√√¡™“µ‘ ∫“ß à«π°Á®–∂Ÿ°™–≈â“ß‰À≈ ÷¡≈ß Ÿà „µâ¥‘π·≈–·À≈àßπÈ”µà“ßÊ ÷ËßÕ“®®–ªπ‡ªóôÕπ “√‡§¡’À√◊Õ¢Õß‡ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬ ·≈–¬—ß∑”„Àâ‡°‘¥¡≈æ‘…∑“ß ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡Õ◊Ëπ §◊Õ·°ä Õ—π‰¡àæ÷ßª√– ß§å ∑—»π’¬¿“æ‡ ’¬‰ª œ≈œ ∑”„Àâ‡°‘¥°“√√âÕß‡√’¬π‡°’Ë¬«°—∫¢¬–¡’·π«‚πâ¡‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ®“°√âÕ¬≈– 1.4 ¢Õß°“√√âÕß‡√’¬π∑ÿ°ª√–‡¿∑„πªï æ.». 2543 ‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 2.3 „πªï æ.». 2546

There has been a rise in the amount of waste being generated daily. If allwastes are not disposed of, they will be left out, releasing bad disturbing odor,and becoming the breeding ground of diseases. Some of the wastes that are leftbehind and dumped will be naturally decomposed while some will be leachedinto underground and waster source, where it might be contaminated by chemicalsubstances or toxic wastes, and produces other environmental pollution such asunpleasant gases, images, etc. A lot of complaints concerning this issue havebeen on the rise, up from 1.4% of all the complaints in 2000 to 2.3% in 2003.

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‚√§∑’Ë‡°‘¥®“°ÀπŸÀ√◊Õ·¡≈ß °Á§ß¡’Õ¬ŸàÀ≈“¬‚√§ ‡™àπ ‚√§∑âÕß

√à«ß ‚√§∫‘¥ ÕÀ‘«“µ°‚√§ °Á∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπ§«“¡‡ ’Ë¬ß¢Õß‚√§∑’Ë‡°‘¥

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Õ“À“√∑’Ë‡√“‡°Á∫‰«â·≈–¬—ß‰¡à‰¥â∑“π„πµÕππ—Èπ°Á®–∫Ÿ¥‡ ’¬ ‡√’¬°«à“

‡°‘¥Õ“À“√‡ªìπæ‘…‰¥â ‡æ√“–©–π—Èπ‚√§Õ“À“√‡ªìπæ‘…‡°‘¥®“°

¢¬–°Á‰¥â‡™àπ°—π ®–¡“°πâÕ¬·§à‰Àππ—Èπ¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫ ∂“π°“√≥å

·µà≈–·Ààß

πÕ°®“°π’È ‘Ë ß∑’ËªπÕ¬Ÿà „π¢¬–¡’ “√æ‘…®“°‚√ßß“π

Õÿµ “À°√√¡ À√◊Õ “√‡§¡’„π∫â“π∑’Ë„™â·≈â«π”¡“∑‘Èß °Á‡°‘¥‚¥¬µ√ß

®“° “√‡§¡’ ´÷Ëß‡ªìπµ—«Õ¬à“ß‚√§∑’Ë‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ‚¥¬∑’Ë‰¡à‰¥â√—∫ª√–∑“π

‡¢â“‰ª‡™àπ°—π

°“√ —¡º— ‚¥¬µ√ß ¢Õß§π‡°Á∫¢¬–À√◊Õ¢π¢¬–Õ“®®–‰ª

‚¥π‡»…¢¬–´÷Ëß¡’§«“¡‡ ’Ë¬ß Ÿß¡“°∑’Ë®–‡°‘¥∫“¥·º≈®“°

Õÿ∫—µ‘‡Àµÿ°“√¢π¢¬–‡™àπ°—π ∂â“¡’‡™◊ÈÕ‚√§Õ–‰√°Á®–µ‘¥‰¥â∑—π∑’

In terms of medical aspect, the physical

examination, blood check, and overall

health examination must be done. The

results of these will be studied in a long

term in order to determine how their health

has been affected and then evaluate the

correlation between health and waste-

associated diseases.

Environment A study of dust is a must in

terms of how much impact it causes, for

example, is our drinking water contaminated

with any substances? The study of food also can indicate

how much wastes are involved with the cause of diseases

such as diarrhea. Actually, when we have diarrhea, we

canût blame on waste picking or collecting. Other factor

of diseases should be further studied. For example, a

person who has an open cut from a sharp weapon

during his/her waste picking must be checked to see if

he/she becomes infected. A blood collection to check

for virus needs to be performed as well.

The very first problem of waste definitely is an

unpleasant image, bad odor, and diseases it might

cause. The Environmental Day of year 2005 puts emphasis

on the topic çGreen City.é We are focusing on cleanliness

and pleasant image all over the world. This issue is

susceptible to tourists, the feeling of people in the

community, including foreigners. Dirty is, therefore, the

priority on the list to be dealt with. Another problem is

rats and flies, which are disease carrier. As seen, wherever

rats or insects are found, it means unattended wastes

are around. At least, such wastes are not covered with

lid, causing bad odor. Once these creatures smell them,

they come to breed here. Consequently, if we consider

the risks of diseases associated with rats and flies, a

number of waste-related diseases can be named, such

as, diarrhea, dysentery, and cholera.

Consequential problems are the issues of health

and safety of people. Rats or flies bring diseases from

the waste to the food we kept but not yet eaten,

which in turn will become toxic. As a result, food poisoning

might be caused by waste. How severe the food

poisoning is depends on each situation.

In addition, contaminants in wastes contain toxic

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from the industrial plants or household chemicals that

are used and then dumped. They are some example of

diseases that are present without the intake of food.

Waste pickers or collectors, who have direct expo-

sure with waste residues, have high risk of getting them-

selves injured from the collection of waste. If any germs

are present, they can get infected immediately, as an

open cut can contract diseases through blood, such as

hepatitis A or B. For infectious wastes from public health

centers, those who are exposed to such wastes contain

high risk of infection, if unhygienic waste management

is carried out. However, there shouldnût be so much

concern, because most viruses are easy to die.

Virus will grow in the tissue of living creatures.

Waste, additionally, causes air pollution due

to waste burning, which is a problem at home

as well of the world. It too has the impacts on

breathing, and causes respiratory diseases. For

example, waste burning in a big city causes air

pollution, toxic gases, greenhouse gases, which

have direct impacts on the world. The correct

method of waste collection is landfill, not the

burning method as many people understand. If

waste is handled sanitary, it will prevent rats

and flies from forming the breeding sites.

From these problems, if waste is treated hygienically,

it is a preventive action for consequential results. These

problems require cooperation among people to pay

more attention to the waste management, from the

grass roots to the municipal level or even at the country

level. If policies are imposed on officials at schools,

hospitals, temples, and we become seriously engaged

in the issue, it will somehow help lessen this problem.

As long as institutions have not been prepared for

waste collection, the waste management in the future

will be focusing on how to reduce the waste generated...

in order to diminish consequential risks associated.

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¥â“π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ µâÕß¡’°“√»÷°…“‡°’Ë¬«°—∫ΩÿÉπ≈–ÕÕß«à“ ¡—π

From the peopleûs point of view, direct waste-

transmitted diseases havenût been clearly distinguished.

Even a number of agencies canût point the cause of

diseases contracted directly from waste, be they the

government sector or private sector. Not single agents

havenût informed the public of waste-related diseases.

However, if we consider information in the past, we

know only that risks and connection between diseases

and waste exist. But if one wants to know how many

diseases are caused by wastes, this canût be specified

since we still do not know how likely waste can cause

diseases. For example, we canût get the exact number

of those who are contracted of toxic-lead-diseases from

waste picking. ItÕs even harder to identify in terms of

risk. Researches must be done in order to identify in

terms of rate and figures. The Department of Environmental

Health Science Department, Faculty of Public Health,

Mahidol University, is now conducting a research on the

risk of rag pickers and waste workers: how risky they are

to contract diseases from waste. We are doing research

in these areas:

Long-term research A long-term study deals with

those who directly contact with wastes about how their

health has been, such as the Bangkok Metropolitan

scavengers, waste collectors and even waste workers.

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NTT DoCoMo ·≈– Sony Ericsson √à«¡¡◊Õ°—πæ—≤π“‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ ∑’Ë„™â«— ¥ÿ®“°æ≈“ µ‘° ∑’Ëº≈‘µ®“°·ªÑß·≈–πÈ”µ“≈¢Õß¢â“«‚æ¥·≈–¡—πΩ√—Ëß ‡Õ“¡“À¡—°¥â«¬°√¥ Lactic-acid Bacilli ÷Ëß¡’¢âÕ¥’∑’Ëæ≈“ µ‘°™π‘¥π’È®– “¡“√∂ ≈“¬µ—«‰¥â‡Õßµ“¡∏√√¡™“µ‘ ‡¡◊ËÕ‡«≈“ºà“π‰ªπ“πÊ ∂◊Õ‡ªìπº≈‘µ¿—≥±å∑’Ë‡ªìπ¡‘µ√°—∫ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡

¢à“«®“° Gizmodo ·≈– NTT DoCoMo Press Release (≠’ËªÉÿπ)

ª√–‡∑»‡√“ πà“®–≈Õß»÷°…“¥Ÿ∫â“ßπ–§√—∫ ¢â“«‚æ¥°Á‡¬Õ– ¡—πΩ√—Ëß

°Á·¬– ¡’„Àâ„™â»÷°…“¡“°¡“¬§√—∫

NTT DoCoMo and Sony Ericsson have jointly developed a

mobile phone made from plastic, which in turn is made of starch

and sugar of corns and potatoes and then fermented with Lactic

acid Bacilli. As time goes by, the plastic will be broken down into

water and carbon dioxide. It is considered an environmental-friendly

product.

Source: www.gizmodo.com/gadgets/cellphones/sony-ericsson/

ntt-docomo-for-environmentfriendly-phones-100518.php

It is suitable for use as a power supply for a wide range of

portable devices like mobile phones, PDAs, and digital cameras.

‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ ∑’Ë‡ªìπ¡‘µ√°—∫ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ENVIRONMENTAL-FRIENDLY MOBILE

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NTT ∫√‘…—∑¬—°…å„À≠à¥â“π‡∑‡≈§Õ¡¢Õß≠’ËªÉÿπ ‡ªî¥µ—«‡§√◊ËÕß™“√å®·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë·∫∫æ°æ“‰¥â ‚¥¬„™âæ≈—ßß“π· ßÕ“∑‘µ¬å ¡’™◊ËÕ«à“ çPocketEnergyé ‡§√◊ËÕß™“√å®¥—ß°≈à“«π’È “¡“√∂™“√å®‰ø„Àâ°—∫Õÿª°√≥åÕ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å™π‘¥µà“ßÊ ‰¡à«à“®–‡ªìπ‚∑√»—æ∑å‡§≈◊ËÕπ∑’Ë °≈âÕß Camcorder À√◊Õ‡§√◊ËÕß‡≈àπ‡°¡·∫∫¡◊Õ∂◊Õ°Á‰¥â‡™àπ°—π ∑’Ë ”§—≠§◊Õ¡’√“§“∂Ÿ°¡“° ª√–¡“≥ 20,000‡¬π ‡∑à“π—Èπ (ª√–¡“≥ 7,374 ∫“∑)

‡§√◊ËÕß™“√å®·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë Pocket Energy π’È ™à«¬„Àâ§ÿ≥ “¡“√∂™“√å®‰ø‰¥â‰¡à«à“§ÿ≥®–Õ¬Ÿà„π∑’Ë∑’Ë¡’‰øøÑ“À√◊Õ‰¡à √«¡∂÷ßÀ“°‡°‘¥¿—¬æ‘∫—µ‘µà“ßÊ §ÿ≥°Á¬—ß “¡“√∂™“√å®‰ø„Àâ¡◊Õ∂◊Õ‡æ◊ËÕµ‘¥µàÕ°—∫‚≈°¿“¬πÕ°‰¥â ‡æ’¬ßπ”‡§√◊ËÕß™“√å®‰ø¥—ß°≈à“«‰ª√—∫· ß·¥¥ª√–¡“≥ 4 ™—Ë«‚¡ß ¡—π°Á®–¡’‰øøÑ“ ”√Õß‡æ’¬ßæÕ ”À√—∫°“√§ÿ¬‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ∑’Ë¬“«π“πª√–¡“≥ 4 ™—Ë«‚¡ß‡≈¬∑’‡¥’¬« πÕ°®“°π—Èπ¬—ß “¡“√∂„™â™“√å®‰ø„Àâ°—∫‡§√◊ËÕß‡≈àπµà“ßÊ ‰¥â ‰¡à«à“®–‡ªìπ‡§√◊ËÕß‡≈àπ‡°¡§Õπ‚´≈ ‡§√◊ËÕß‡≈àπ‡æ≈ß¥‘®‘µÕ≈ °≈âÕß¥‘®‘µÕ≈ œ≈œ

®“° manager.co.th

Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT), a Japanese

telecommunication giant, has launched a portable solar-powered

battery charger, called çPocket Energy.é This so-called charger can

be used for recharging a wide range of electronic devices; cell

phones, Camcorders or hand-held game consoles as well. More

important is itûs very cheap at about 20,000 yen (or 7,374 Baht) only.

This battery charger, Pocket Energy, will enable you to recharge

your cell phone with or without electricity or in the wake of disasters

to connect you with the external world. You just put this battery

charger in direct sunshine for four hours. It can store enough electricity

to run a mobile phone for four consecutive hours of talking. It,

moreover, can be used for recharging most electronic devices

including game consoles, digital compact-disc players, or digital

cameras.

Source: www.ntt.co.jp/news

æ—≤π“∑’Ë™“√å®¡◊Õ∂◊Õæ≈—ß· ßÕ“∑‘µ¬åDeveloping Solar-Powered Mobile Charger

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π‚¬∫“¬ ’‡¢’¬« ‚¥¬ : «√‘ √“ ª√–‡ π¡Ÿ≈

π—°«‘™“°“√ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…

Green Policy by : Warisara PrasenmoonEnvironmental Officer, Pollution Control Department

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Waste Policy in Thailand®“°°“√‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ¢Õßª√‘¡“≥¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬∑—Èß∑’Ë‡ªìπ¢¬–

¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬∑—Ë«‰ª·≈–¢Õß‡ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬ ∑”„Àâ‡°‘¥ªí≠À“®“°°“√®—¥°“√¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬ ´÷Ëß‡ªìπªí≠À“∑’Ë ”§—≠¢Õßª√–‡∑» √—∞∫“≈‰¥â¡’°“√«“ßπ‚¬∫“¬‡°’Ë¬«°—∫°“√®—¥°“√ªí≠À“ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’Ë‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ‚¥¬°”Àπ¥‡ªìππ‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπ°“√ àß‡ √‘¡·≈–√—°…“§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡·Ààß™“µ‘ æ.». 2540-2559

çπ‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπ°“√ àß‡ √‘¡·≈–√—°…“§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡·Ààß™“µ‘ ¡’§«“¡¡ÿàßÀ¡“¬∑’Ë®–„Àâ¡’°“√®—¥°“√∑√—æ¬“°√∏√√¡™“µ‘ ·≈–°“√ àß‡ √‘¡·≈–√—°…“§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡·Ààß™“µ‘„Àâ§«∫§Ÿà‰ª°—∫°“√æ—≤π“‡»√…∞°‘®·≈– —ß§¡ Õ—π®–¬—ßº≈„Àâ°“√æ—≤π“ª√–‡∑»‡ªìπ°“√æ—≤π“∑’Ë¬—Ëß¬◊π·≈–‡ √‘¡ √â“ß§ÿ≥¿“æ·Ààß™’«‘µ¢Õßª√–™“™π ‚¥¬‰¥â

°”Àπ¥·π«∑“ß∑’Ë®”‡ªìπ‡√àß¥à«π „π°“√øóôπøŸ∑√—æ¬“°√∏√√¡™“µ‘∑’Ë‡°‘¥∑¥·∑π‰¥â „Àâ‡¢â “ Ÿà ¿“æ ¡¥ÿ≈¢Õß°“√„™â·≈–°“√‡°‘¥∑¥·∑π ·≈–°”Àπ¥·π«∑“ß°“√·°â ‰¢

The increased volume of waste both ordinary and

hazardous one causes the problem of waste management,

a critical problem of the country. The government has set

policies concerning the management of environmental

problem by forming the national policy and plans of

promotion and conservation of the environmental quality

B.E. 2540-2559, stating çThe national policy and plan of

support and conservation of environmental quality aims

at managing natural resources and supporting and conserving

the quality of environment concurrent with the economic

and societal development, resulting in the sustainable

development of the country and enhancement of the

peopleûs quality of life by setting the guidance which

requires immediate action in reviving renewable natural

resources in order to return to their balance state of use

and reimbursement. And it also sets the guideline for

solution of eliminating water pollution, air pollution, noise

and quake pollution, garbage and waste, hazardous

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¢®—¥¿“«–¡≈æ‘…∑“ßπÈ” ¡≈æ‘…∑“ßÕ“°“» ¡≈æ‘…∑“ß‡ ’¬ß·≈–§«“¡ —Ëπ –‡∑◊Õπ ¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬·≈– ‘ËßªØ‘°Ÿ≈ “√Õ—πµ√“¬ ·≈–¢Õß‡ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬ µ≈Õ¥®π°“√°”Àπ¥·π«∑“ß„π°“√ àß‡ √‘¡·≈–√—°…“§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡·Ààß™“µ‘„πÕπ“§µé ´÷Ëß®–‡ÀÁπ«à“‰¥â°”Àπ¥„Àâ¡’°“√·°â‰¢ªí≠À“¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬·≈– ‘ËßªØ‘°Ÿ≈·≈–¢Õß‡ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬‰«â¥â«¬

¡“µ√°“√∑’Ë®–‡ √‘¡„Àâ “¡“√∂π”·π«π‚¬∫“¬‰ª Ÿà°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘

1. π—∫ πÿπ„Àâ¡’°“√®—¥µ—Èß»Ÿπ¬å°”®—¥¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬„™â√à«¡°—πÀ≈“¬™ÿ¡™π

2. àß‡ √‘¡°“√≈ß∑ÿπ√à«¡®“°¿“§‡Õ°™π„π°“√°”®—¥¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬ ·≈–π”¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬¡“„™âª√–‚¬™πå

3. π—∫ πÿπ¿“§‡Õ°™π¥”‡π‘π∏ÿ√°‘®°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬ °“√µ‘¥µ“¡µ√«® Õ∫

4. „™âÀ≈—°°“√ºŸâ°àÕ¡≈æ‘…‡ªìπºŸâ®à“¬Õ¬à“ß¬ÿµ‘∏√√¡·≈–‡ ¡Õ¿“§

5. ª√—∫ª√ÿß°Æ √–‡∫’¬∫ ¢âÕ∫—ß§—∫ ∑’Ë‡°’Ë¬«¢âÕß°—∫Õ—µ√“§à“∏√√¡‡π’¬¡§à“∫√‘°“√‡°Á∫¢π àß·≈–°”®—¥„Àâ Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫§à“¥”‡π‘π°“√

6. ª≈Ÿ°Ωíß∑—»π§µ‘∑’Ë∂Ÿ°µâÕß·°à‡¬“«™π ‚¥¬„Àâ°“√»÷°…“·≈–√≥√ß§å„Àâ‡°‘¥§«“¡√à«¡¡◊ÕªØ‘∫—µ‘ √«¡∑—Èß„Àâª√–™“™π·≈–™ÿ¡™π‡¢â“¡“¡’ à«π√à«¡¡“°¢÷Èπ

7. Ωñ°Õ∫√¡‡æ‘Ë¡æŸπ§«“¡√Ÿâ·°à‡®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë¢Õß√—∞·≈–‡Õ°™π8. π—∫ πÿπ°“√»÷°…“ «‘®—¬·≈–æ—≤π“‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’∑’Ë

‡À¡“– ¡„π°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬Õ¬à“ß¡’√–∫∫

‚§√ß°“√¥â“π°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬À≈“¬Àπà«¬ß“π∑—Èß¿“§√—∞·≈–¿“§‡Õ°™π‰¥âµ√–Àπ—°

∂÷ßªí≠À“∑’Ë‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ ®÷ß‰¥â√à«¡¡◊Õ°—π®—¥∑”‚§√ß°“√·≈–°‘®°√√¡µà“ßÊ ‡æ◊ËÕ πÕßµàÕπ‚¬∫“¬°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬·≈–™à«¬°—π√≥√ß§å„Àâª√–™“™π·≈–Àπà«¬ß“π∑ÿ°¿“§ à«π‡¢â“¡“¡’ à«π√à«¡„π°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬∑’Ë‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ ´÷Ëß‚§√ß°“√∑’Ë

substance and waste, including setting the national

guidelines of promotion and conservation of the envi-

ronmental quality in the future.é We can see that this

has set the solution of garbage and waste problem

and hazardous waste as well.

Measures to Promote theImplementation of Policy

1. Advocate the establishment of waste disposal

center for sharing among communities.

2. Support the joint investment from the private

sector in waste disposal and the reuse of waste.

3. Support the private sector in doing the business

of waste management and monitoring

4. Follow the principle of whoever causes the pollution

must pay for the cost fairly and equally.

5. Improve rules, regulations, and principles

concerning the rate of waste collection, transporting,

and disposal in accordance with the processing cost.

6. Imbue positive attitude to young people by

educating and implementing campaign for more co-

operation, including more engagement of people and

community.

7. Provide training for both government officials and

private employees.

8. Support the study, research and technological

development suitable in systematic waste management

Waste Management ProjectsA number of agencies both from the government

and private sectors have realized the problem. Therefore,

they have cooperated in implementing projects and

activities to respond to the waste management policy

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‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ¡’Õ¬ŸàÀ≈“¬°‘®°√√¡¥â«¬°—π ‡™àπ1. °√–∑√«ß∑√—æ¬“°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‰¥â®—¥∑”

·ºπ°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬·Ààß™“µ‘¢÷Èπµ“¡¡µ‘§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’‡æ◊ËÕ„™â‡ªìπ°√Õ∫·≈–·π«∑“ß„π°“√·°â‰¢ªí≠À“°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬„π¿“æ√«¡¢Õßª√–‡∑» ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬¡“µ√°“√À≈—° 5 ¥â“π §◊Õ

Ô ¡“µ√°“√∑“ß —ß§¡ ‡™àπ °“√ √â“ß§«“¡µ√–Àπ—°·≈–®‘µ ”π÷°„Àâª√–™“™π≈¥°“√∫√‘‚¿§ ‘π§â“Õ¬à“ßøÿÉ¡‡øóÕ¬ °“√¡’ à«π√à«¡„π°“√≈¥ª√‘¡“≥¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬·≈–°“√§—¥·¬°¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬®“°·À≈àß°”‡π‘¥

Ô ¡“µ√°“√°“√≈ß∑ÿπ ‡™àπ °“√ π—∫ πÿπ„Àâ·µà≈–®—ßÀ«—¥®—¥µ—Èß»Ÿπ¬å∫”∫—¥·≈–°”®—¥¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬√«¡·∫∫§√∫«ß®√ ‚¥¬ àß‡ √‘¡„Àâ¿“§‡Õ°™π‡¢â“¡“≈ß∑ÿπ

Ô ¡“µ√°“√∑“ß¿“…’ ‡™àπ °“√‡æ‘Ë¡¿“…’ ‘π§â“À√◊Õ∫√√®ÿ¿—≥±å∑’Ë°”®—¥¬“°·≈–‰¡à‡ªìπ¡‘µ√µàÕ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡

Ô ¡“µ√°“√∑“ß°ÆÀ¡“¬ ‡™àπ °“√°”Àπ¥°Æ√–‡∫’¬∫‡æ◊ËÕ √â“ß°≈‰°°“√‡√’¬°§◊π´“°∫√√®ÿ¿—≥±å·≈–º≈‘µ¿—≥±å‡ ◊ËÕ¡ ¿“æ ÕÕ°¢âÕ°”Àπ¥„Àâª√–™“™π¡’°“√§—¥·¬°¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬®“°·À≈àß°”‡π‘¥ √«¡∑—Èß°”Àπ¥„ÀâÕß§å°√ª°§√Õß à«π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ®—¥√–∫∫°“√‡°Á∫√«∫√«¡¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬®“°·À≈àß°”‡π‘¥·∫∫·¬°ª√–‡¿∑

Ô ¡“µ√°“√ π—∫ πÿπÕ◊ËπÊ ‡™àπ àß‡ √‘¡·≈– π—∫ πÿπ„Àâ¡’°“√π”‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’°“√º≈‘µ∑’Ë –Õ“¥¡“„™â àß‡ √‘¡ π—∫ πÿπ„Àâ¡’°“√»÷°…“«‘®—¬„π°“√ª√—∫ª√ÿß§ÿ≥¿“æ¢Õß«—µ∂ÿ¥‘∫®“°«— ¥ÿ„™â·≈â«∑’Ë®–π”¡“º≈‘µ ‘π§â“

2. ‚§√ß°“√‡√’¬°§◊π´“°·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ ÷Ëß‡°‘¥®“°§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ√–À«à“ßÀπà«¬ß“π√«¡ 20 Àπà«¬ß“π ‰¥â·°à°√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…, °√¡ àß‡ √‘¡§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡, ”π—° ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ °√ÿß‡∑æ¡À“π§√, ¡“§¡ ∂“∫—πÕÿ¥¡»÷°…“ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡‰∑¬, CAT Telecom, Thai-mobile, AIS,DTAC, HUTCH, True, TA Orange, Nokia, Motorola,GENCO, Umicore, Prowaste, CPACT, N-Mark Plaza·≈– MBK „π°“√√—∫‡ªìπ®ÿ¥√—∫§◊π´“°·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë‚∑√»—æ∑å

and promoted campaigns for

people and every agency to

involve in the management

of generated waste. The on-

going projects and activities are:

1. The Ministry of Natural

Resources and Environment has set the

national waste management plans

according to the decree of the cabinet to

be used as a framework and guidance on

handling the problem of waste management for the

country as a whole. It consists of 5 main measures as

follows:

Ô Societal measures such as to raise awareness

and consciousness to the people in decreasing the

consumption of luxury goods, their involvement in

reducing the amount of waste and the separation of

waste at the source of waste generation

Ô Investment measures such as the advocacy for

each province to set up the comprehensive waste

disposal and treatment center through the support of

the investment from the private sector

Ô Tax measures such as the increase of tax for

goods or packaging that are difficult to be disposed of

or non-environmental friendly

Ô Legal measures such as the formation of regulations

to create the mechanism for recovery of the packaging

remnants and deteriorated products, law enforcement

to people to sort out the garbage at the source of its

generation, including regulating the local administration

to set up the process of collecting the waste separated

at the source of the generation

Ô Other supportive measures such as support and

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¡◊Õ∂◊Õ·≈–°”®—¥´“°·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ ‚¥¬®—¥„Àâ¡’æ‘∏’≈ßπ“¡„π∫—π∑÷°§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ«à“¥â«¬°“√®—¥°“√´“°·∫µ‡µÕ√’Ë‚∑√»—æ∑å¡◊Õ∂◊Õ ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë 23 °—π¬“¬π 2548 ≥ ‚√ß·√¡ª∑ÿ¡«—πª√‘π å‡´

3. ‚§√ß°“√≈¥°“√„™âæ≈“ µ‘°·≈–‚ø¡ ¡’«—µ∂ÿª√– ß§å‡æ◊ËÕ √â“ß‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬°“√¡’ à«π√à«¡„π°‘®°√√¡°“√≈¥ª√‘¡“≥°“√„™âæ≈“ µ‘°·≈–‚ø¡„πÀâ“ß √√æ ‘π§â“·≈–√â“π –¥«°´◊ÈÕ‚¥¬¡’§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ®“°Àπà«¬ß“πµà“ßÊ ∑’Ë‡°’Ë¬«¢âÕß ‰¥â·°à°√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘… °√¡ àß‡ √‘¡§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ·≈–ºŸâª√–°Õ∫°“√Àâ“ß √√æ ‘π§â“·≈–√â“π –¥«° ◊ÈÕ„π‡¢µ°√ÿß‡∑æœ ·≈–ª√‘¡≥±≈ ÷Ëß¥”‡π‘π°“√„π™à«ß√–À«à“ßªï æ.».2548

4. ‚§√ß°“√°“√„™â«— ¥ÿÕ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡‡æ◊ËÕ®—¥∑”¢“‡∑’¬¡æ√–√“™∑“π ‡ªìπ°‘®°√√¡Àπ÷Ëß„π‚§√ß°“√ √—°‡™’¬ß„À¡à √à«¡„®≈¥¡≈æ‘… √à«¡‡∑‘¥æ√–‡°’¬√µ‘„π«‚√°“ ¡À“¡ß§≈‡©≈‘¡æ√–™π¡æ√√…“ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–π“ß‡®â“ ‘√‘°‘µ‘Ï æ√–∫√¡√“™‘π’π“∂12 ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2548 °‘®°√√¡ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬°“√√≥√ß§å°“√‡√’¬°§◊π∫√√®ÿ¿—≥±åÕ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡ ‚¥¬ “¡“√∂π”°√–ªÜÕßÕ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡·≈°‡¢â“ «π —µ«å‡™’¬ß„À¡à ‡æ◊ËÕ™¡¡À°√√¡§Õπ‡ ‘√åµ·≈–√à«¡‡≈àπ‡°¡ ‡ªî¥µ—«‚§√ß°“√‡¡◊ËÕ«—π‡ “√å∑’Ë 6 ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2548 ≥ «π —µ«å‡™’¬ß„À¡à

advocate the use of green technologies, support the

conduct of research in quality improvement of the used

materials to be reused in production

2. The project of the recovery of battery and cell

phone remnants, initiated from the cooperation among

20 agencies; the Pollution Control Department, Department

of Environment Quality Promotion, Environment Bureau,

Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Association of Thai

Environment, CAT Telecom, Thai-mobile, AIS, DTAC, HUTCH,

True, TA Orange, Nokia, Motorola, GENCO, Umicore,

Prowaste, CPACT, N-Mark Plaza and MBK, where the

locations for returning the remnants of cell phoneûs

batteries and disposal of them are provided. The MOU

ceremony on the cooperation of cell phone batteries

disposal was held on 23 September 2005 at the

Pathumwan Princess Hotel.

3. The project of the reduction of plastics and foam

use aims at building the participatory network through

the activities of reducing the volume of plastics and

foams used in shopping centers and convenient stores

with the support from the involved parties, that is, the

Pollution Control Department, Department of Environment

Quality Promotion and shopping center owners and

convenient stores in Bangkok and its vicinity areas.

4. The project of the use of aluminum to make

prosthetic limbs under the royal patronage is one of the

many activities of the project çLove Chiengmai,

Together Reduce the Pollution,é to celebrate the

commemorative ceremony on the occasion of Her

Majesty Queen Sirikitûs birthday on 12 August 2005. The

activities are the campaign of returning the aluminum

packaging through the exchange of one aluminum

can for one ticket to enter into Chiengmai zoo to

attend the concert and play games. This project was

launched on 6 August 2005 at Chiengmai Zoo.

5. The Bangkok Can Manufacturing Co., Ltd,

Prosthesis Foundation under the royal patronage of H.R.H

The Princess Mother, Ek-Chai Distribution Co., Ltd. and

the Pollution Control Department have carried out the

çProject of the Use of Aluminum to Make Prosthesesé

since March by having the donation location at 20

branches of Tesco-Lotus in Bangkok areas and other

government agencies; The Pollution Control Department,

62-66/π‚¬∫“¬’‡¢’¬« 16/12/05, 7:12 PM65

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National Institute of Metrology, Department of Mineral

Resources and Bhumiphol Hospital, including The Bangkok

Can Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Since 3 months of opera-

tion we have received well cooperation from people

with the total of 2,142 kilograms of aluminum donation

in March, 4,785 kilograms in April, and 3,083 kilograms in

May, the total of 10,010 kilograms, all of which will be

donated to Prosthesis Foundation to further produce

prosthesis for the handicaps.

The projects implemented without the support from

every agency and the people canût succeed. However,

the waste problem is created by all of us, so the

responsibility for the wastes produced is in our hand.

We can push the responsibilities and leave them to one

particular party. We can start taking the responsibility

by sorting out the waste at home. The government

agencies should advocate the campaign and continuously

educate people in order that the waste management

of Thailand is under operation and doesnût pose any

perils in the future.

Õâ“ßÕ‘ß1. ¢à“« ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡, °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…, www.pcd.go.th2. √ÿª√“¬ß“π ∂“π°“√≥å¡≈æ‘…¢Õßª√–‡∑»‰∑¬

æ.». 2547

Reference1. Environment News, The Pollution Control Department,

www.pcd.go.th

2. The Summary Report of Pollution Situation in Thailand,

2004

5. ∫√‘…—∑ ∫“ß°Õ°·§π ·¡πŸ·ø§‡®Õ√‘Ëß ®”°—¥ ¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘¢“‡∑’¬¡„π ¡‡¥Á®æ√–»√’π§√‘π∑√å∑√“∫√“™™ππ’ ∫√‘…—∑ ‡Õ°-™—¬¥‘ ∑√‘∫√‘«™—Ëπ ®”°—¥ ·≈–°√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…‰¥â√à«¡¥”‡π‘πç‚§√ß°“√„™â«— ¥ÿÕ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡‡æ◊ËÕ®—¥∑”¢“‡∑’¬¡æ√–√“™∑“πéµ—Èß·µà‡¥◊Õπ¡’π“§¡ ‚¥¬µ—Èß®ÿ¥√—∫∫√‘®“§∑’ËÀâ“ß‡∑ ‚°â‚≈µ— „π‡¢µ°√ÿß‡∑æ¡À“π§√ ®”π«π 20 “¢“ ·≈–Àπà«¬ß“π√“™°“√‰¥â · °à °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘… ∂“∫—π¡“µ√«‘∑¬“ °√¡∑√—æ¬“°√∏√≥’ ·≈–‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈¿Ÿ¡‘æ≈ √«¡∑—Èß∑’Ë∫√‘…—∑∫“ß°Õ°·§π·¡ππŸ·ø§‡®Õ√‘Ëß ®”°—¥ ®“°√–¬–‡«≈“ 3 ‡¥◊Õπ∑’Ë¥”‡π‘π°“√¡“‰¥â√—∫§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ‡ªìπÕ¬à“ß¥’®“°ª√–™“™π‚¥¬¬Õ¥∫√‘®“§Õ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡„π‡¥◊Õπ¡’π“§¡ 2,142 °‘‚≈°√—¡‡¥◊Õπ‡¡…“¬π 4,785 °‘‚≈°√—¡ ·≈–‡¥◊Õπæƒ…¿“§¡ 3,083°‘‚≈°√—¡ √«¡∑—Èß ‘Èπ®”π«π 10,010 °‘‚≈°√—¡ ´÷Ëß®–¡Õ∫„Àâ¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘¢“‡∑’¬¡œ π”‰ª®—¥∑”‡æ◊ËÕº≈‘µ‡ªìπÕÿª°√≥å¢“‡∑’¬¡ ”À√—∫ºŸâæ‘°“√µàÕ‰ª

‚§√ß°“√µà“ßÊ ∑’Ë‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ À“°‰¡à‰¥â§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ®“°∑ÿ°Àπà«¬ß“π √«¡∂÷ß§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ®“°ª√–™“™π °Á‰¡àÕ“® ”‡√Á®≈ÿ≈à«ß‰ª‰¥â ∑—Èßπ’È‡π◊ËÕß®“°ªí≠À“¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬π—Èπ‡°‘¥®“°‡√“∑ÿ°§π ¥—ßπ—Èπ°“√√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫µàÕ¢¬–∑’Ë‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ ®÷ß‡ªìπÀπâ“∑’Ë¢Õßª√–™“™π∑ÿ°§π ‰¡à„™à®–‚¬π§«“¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫‰ª„Àâ°—∫Àπà«¬ß“π„¥Àπà«¬ß“πÀπ÷Ëß‡∑à“π—Èπ ´÷Ëß‡√“ “¡“√∂∑”‰¥â‚¥¬‡√‘Ë¡®“°°“√§—¥·¬°¢¬–®“°∑’Ë∫â“π¢Õß‡√“‡∑à“π—Èπ ‚¥¬Àπà«¬ß“π∑“ß¿“§√—∞§«√ àß‡ √‘¡√≥√ß§å·≈–„Àâ§«“¡√Ÿâ·°àª√–™“™πÕ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß ‡æ◊ËÕ°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬¢Õßª√–‡∑»‰∑¬®–¥”‡π‘π‰ª‰¥â·≈–‰¡à°àÕ„Àâ‡°‘¥ªí≠À“√â“¬·√ßµàÕ‰ª„πÕπ“§µ

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Green Technology by : Nalin SornphromG

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ç¢¬–∑à«¡‡¡◊Õß-¢¬–≈âπ

ª√–‡∑»é §”°≈à“«∑’Ëøíß¥Ÿπà“°≈—«π’ÈÕ¬à“§‘¥«à“‡ªìπ‰ª‰¡à‰¥â À“°¢¬–∑’Ë‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ„π∫â“π‡√◊Õπ∂â“‰¡à‡°Á∫∑‘Èß —° 2-3‡¥◊Õπ °Á‡°≈◊ËÕπ °Á‡À¡ÁπÀ÷Ëß‰ª∑—Èß∫â“π∑—Èßπ’È ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¢Õß°√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…‡¡◊ËÕªï æ.». 2546 §π‰∑¬∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑» √â“ß¢¬–√«¡°—π∂÷ß 39,240 µ—π/«—π·¬°‰¥â‡ªìπ¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬åª√–¡“≥47% ¢¬–√’‰´‡§‘≈ 40% ¢¬–Õ—πµ√“¬ 3% ·≈–¢¬–∑—Ë«‰ª 10%´÷Ëß„π®”π«π‡°◊Õ∫ 4 À¡◊Ëπµ—π/«—π ‡©æ“– ç§π°√ÿß‡∑æœé °Á°àÕ„Àâ‡°‘¥¢¬–∂÷ßª√–¡“≥ 9,340 µ—π/«—π À√◊Õ‡°◊Õ∫ 1 „π 4¢Õßª√‘¡“≥¢¬–∑’Ë‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑»

(¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈®“°Àπ—ß ◊Õæ‘¡æå‡¥≈‘π‘« å «—π∑’Ë 3 ¡‘∂ÿπ“¬π 2548)

°“√§âπæ∫ ç·¡≈ß·°≈∫é ∑”„Àâ “¡“√∂°”®—¥·≈–„™âª√–‚¬™πå¢Õß¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å‰¥â ·≈–∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπ«‘∏’°“√„À¡à„π°“√°”®—¥¢¬–∑’Ë‰¥âº≈√«¥‡√Á«·≈–¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ Ÿß ÿ¥ ºŸâ§âπæ∫«‘∏’°“√π’È §◊Õ √Õß»“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√. ¡™—¬ ®—π∑√å «à“ß √ÕßÕ∏‘°“√∫¥’¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√»“ µ√å «‘∑¬“‡¢µ‡©≈‘¡æ√–‡°’¬√µ‘®—ßÀ«—¥ °≈π§√ ·≈–Õ“®“√¬åª√–®”¿“§«‘™“ —µ««‘∑¬“ §≥–

«‘∏’°“√„À¡à§√—Èß·√°¢Õß‚≈°°—∫°“√„™â ç·¡≈ß·°≈∫é°”®—¥¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å ‰¥âº≈‡√Á« ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ Ÿß

Novel Process of the World to Use çSurinam Cockroachéto Dispose of Organic Wastes Quickly and Highly Effective

çPiles of Garbage Swamped

the Town-Overloaded the Countryé

is a saying sounding awful but

impossible. If household garbage

is not dumped for 2-3 months,

they will be all over the place,

giving off the stinky odor in the

house. The data from Pollution

Control Department in 2003

indicated that Thai people around the country make

the total garbage of 39,240 tons per day, categorized

into 47% of organic wastes, 40% of recycled wastes, 3%

of hazardous wastes, and 10% of general wastes. Of

almost 40,000 tons of wastes per day, 9,340 tons per

day, almost 1 in 4 of the total waste of the country,

were from the çBangkok People.é

(Source: Dailynews Newpaper, June 3rd, 2005)

The discovery of çSurinam cockroaché (Ma-Laeng

Glaeb) enables us to dispose and benefit from organic

wastes and it is considered a fast and most effective

67-71/Techno 16/12/05, 5:29 PM67

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«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√»“ µ√å·¡≈ß·°≈∫ ‡ªìπ·¡≈ß„πµ√–°Ÿ≈·¡≈ß “∫ ÷Ëß¡’°«à“ 4,000

™π‘¥ à«π„À≠à¡—°®–√Ÿâ®—°°—π„π¥â“π‡ªìπ»—µ√Ÿ∑”≈“¬æ◊™·≈–‡ªìπæ“À–π”‚√§ ·µà∫“ß™π‘¥°≈—∫‰¡à¡’Õ—πµ√“¬µàÕæ◊™ ·≈–∫“ß™π‘¥ “¡“√∂π”¡“‡≈’È¬ß‡ªìπ —µ«å‡≈’È¬ß‰¥â ÷ËßÀπ÷Ëß„ππ—Èπ §◊Õ·¡≈ß·°≈∫ ·¡≈ß·°≈∫¡’¢π“¥§«“¡¬“«ª√–¡“≥ 3/4 π‘È«¡’ ’πÈ”µ“≈®π∂÷ß ’¥” ªï°§Ÿà·√°¡’ ’ÕàÕπ°«à“ ’≈”µ—« ·¡≈ß·°≈∫°‘πÕ“À“√∑ÿ°™π‘¥∑’Ë‡ªìπÕ‘π∑√’¬«—µ∂ÿ À√◊Õ ‘Ëß∑’Ë§√—ÈßÀπ÷Ëß‡§¬¡’™’«‘µ‡™àπ ‡»…æ◊™ ‡»…º—° ‡»…Õ“À“√ ¡Ÿ≈ —µ«åµà“ßÊ ´÷Ëß√«¡¡Ÿ≈ —µ«å‡≈’È¬ß ‡™àπ ¡Ÿ≈ ÿπ—¢ ·≈–¡Ÿ≈·¡«

À“°‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫°“√°”®—¥¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å«‘∏’°“√Õ◊ËπÊÕ“∑‘ °“√‡≈’È¬ß‰ â‡¥◊Õπ ´÷Ëß°”≈—ß‡ªìπ∑’Ë π„®·≈–‡ªìπ∑’Ë¬Õ¡√—∫°—π«à“∑”ß“π‰¥âÕ¬à“ß¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ·≈â« ·¡≈ß·°≈∫¬‘Ëß∑”ß“π‰¥â‡√Á«°«à“¡“° ·¡≈ß·°≈∫ “¡“√∂°‘π¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å ¥‰¥â ‚¥¬‰¡àµâÕß√Õ„Àâ®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å∑”ß“π°àÕπ ·≈– “¡“√∂°‘π¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å∑’Ë‰ â‡¥◊Õπ‰¡à “¡“√∂®–∑”‰¥â ‡™àπ ‡»…Õ“À“√®”æ«°‰¢¡—π ·≈–‡»…‡π◊ÈÕ µ—«·¡≈ß·°≈∫‡Õß°Á¡’ª√–‚¬™πå “¡“√∂π”‰ª„™â‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫°“√„™â‰ â‡¥◊Õπ §◊Õ ‡ªìπ‡À¬◊ËÕµ°‡∫Á¥ Õ“À“√ª≈“‡≈’È¬ß‰°à ‡≈’È¬ßπ° ‡≈’È¬ß°∫ ‡ªìπµâπ ∂â“¡’Õ“À“√„Àâ‡ªìπª√–®”·¡≈ß·°≈∫®–‰¡àÀπ’ÕÕ°¡“®“°µŸâÀ√◊Õ°√–∫–∑’Ë„™â‡≈’È¬ß ·µà∂â“À≈ÿ¥ÕÕ°¡“¡—°®–‰¡à¡’™’«‘µ√Õ¥ ‡æ√“–·¡≈ß·°≈∫¡’»—µ√Ÿ„π∏√√¡™“µ‘Õ¬Ÿà¡“° ‡™àπ π° ‰°à ®‘Èß®° ®‘Èß‡À≈π §“ß§° °∫Õ÷ËßÕà“ß √«¡∂÷ß¡¥°‘π‡π◊ÈÕ™π‘¥µà“ßÊ ÷Ëß∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπ ‘Ëß∑’Ë∏√√¡™“µ‘¡Õ∫„Àâ·°à¡πÿ…¬å„π√–¬–∑’Ë¢¬–‡ªìπªí≠À“¢Õß∑ÿ°·Ààß¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√»“ µ√å‡Õß°Á‡ªìπ‡æ’¬ßºŸâ§‘¥§âπ°“√„™âª√–‚¬™πå®“°·¡≈ß·°≈∫„π°“√°”®—¥¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å ·µà¬—ß¡’‡√◊ËÕß∑’ËµâÕß»÷°…“°—πÕ’°¡“° ‡™àπ §ÿ≥¿“æ¢Õß¡Ÿ≈·¡≈ß·°≈∫„π·ßàªÿÜ¬À¡—° °“√‡ªìπµ—«π”‡™◊ÈÕ‚√§·≈–§à“µà“ßÊ ∑“ß¥â“π«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å

∑’Ë¡“¢Õß¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ Àπ—ß ◊Õæ‘¡æå‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’™“«∫â“π

Àπâ“ 32 «—π∑’Ë 15 °√°Æ“§¡ æ.». 2548 ªï∑’Ë 17 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 363

‚¥¬ ®ÿ‰√ ‡°‘¥§«π

novel process of waste disposal. The person finding this

method is Associate Professor Dr.Somchai Chantsavang,

Vice President of Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat

Sakonnakhon Province Campus and a faculty member

of Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart

University.

Surinam cockroach is an insect in the cockroach

family which has more than 4,000 species. They are

commonly known for its destructive side to vegetation

and a carrier-disease but some of them are not detriment

to the vegetation. Some can be raised as pet as well

and among these is Surinam cockroach. Surinam cock-

roach is inch long, brown to black color with the color

of its first pair of wings lighter than that of its body. It

consumes almost all of the food both organic materials

and once a living creatures such as crop residues,

vegetable residues, food residues, animal dung, including

domestic animal dung like those of dogs and cats.

Compared with other methods of organic waste

disposal like raising the earthworm, a recently interesting

and acceptable method of effective waste disposal,

the Surinam cockroach works even faster. It can feed

on both fresh organic wastes, without waiting for micro-

organisms to kick in, and other organic wastes unable

to be consumed by the earthworm like fat-contained

food residues and meat residues. The Surinam cock-

roach itself is beneficial, that is, it can be used the

same way as its counterpart, which is fish bait, food for

fish, chicken, bird, and frog, etc. If regularly fed, it will

not escape from the raising container or raising bin.

However, if it does come out, it usually cannot survive

because there are a number of natural predators like

birds, chickens, house lizards, skinks, toads, frogs, bullfrogs,

including other meat-eating ants. This is viewed as a

gift from nature to human during the period of landfill

problem. Kasetsart University is just the inventor who

takes advantage of the Surinam cockroach in disposing

of organic wastes. However, there are still a lot to learn,

for example, the quality of cockroach dung in terms of

fermented fertilizer, the carrier of diseases, and other

scientific values.

Source: Folk Technology Newspaper,

Page 32, July 15th 2005, Year 17, Volume 363,

by Urai Gerdkaun.

√». ¥√. ¡™—¬ ®—π∑√å «à“ß

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‰ â‡¥◊Õπ ‡ªìπ™◊ËÕ¢Õß —µ«å‰¡à¡’°√–¥Ÿ° —πÀ≈—ßÀ≈“¬™π‘¥ ∫“ß™π‘¥≈”µ—«¡’ª≈âÕß ∫“ß™π‘¥‰¡à¡’ ‡™àπ‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π ≈”µ—«‡ªìπª≈âÕß ¡—°¡’™ÿ°™ÿ¡µ“¡¥‘π™◊Èπ√à«π´ÿ¬ µ“¡„µâ°Õß¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬ ‰ â ‡¥◊ÕπΩÕ¬√“°ªπ ≈”µ—«‡ªìπ√‘È«‰¡à‡ªìπª≈âÕß‡ªìπª√ ‘µµ“¡√“°º—° ∂—Ë« ·≈–µâπ‰¡â

ª√–‚¬™πå¢Õß‰ â ‡¥◊ Õπ¥‘π‰¡à‡æ’¬ß™à«¬ª√—∫ª√ÿß§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘¢Õß¥‘π„Àâ¥’¢÷Èπ‡∑à“π—Èπ ·µà¬—ß “¡“√∂π”¡“„™â‡ªìπÕ“À“√ —µ«å Õ“∑‘ ª≈“ π° ‡ªì¥ ·≈–‰°àœ≈œ ‰¥âÕ’°¥â«¬

Õ“À“√¢Õß‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘ππ—Èπ ®–‰¡à°‘π¢Õß¡’™’«‘µ ·µà‡¢â“¬àÕ¬ “√Õ‘π∑√’¬å∑’Ë‡√‘Ë¡‡πà“‡ªóòÕ¬ ‚¥¬‡©æ“– “√Õ‘π∑√’¬å∑’Ë¡’ª√‘¡“≥‰π‚µ√‡®π‡ªìπÕß§åª√–°Õ∫Õ¬Ÿà Ÿß

‡¡◊ËÕªï æ.». 2541 ¥√.Õ“π—∞ µ—π‚´ ·Ààß¿“§«‘™“∑√—æ¬“°√¥‘π·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ §≥–º≈‘µ°√√¡°“√‡°…µ√¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬·¡à‚®â ‰¥â‡≈Áß‡ÀÁπª√–‚¬™πå¢Õß‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π ®÷ß‰¥â∑”°“√»÷°…“«‘®—¬ ‚¥¬‰¥â√—∫°“√ π—∫ πÿπ®“° ”π—°ß“πæ—≤π“«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å·≈–‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’·Ààß™“µ‘ ‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ´÷Ëßª√“°Ø«à“ª√– ∫§«“¡ ”‡√Á®‡ªìπÕ¬à“ß¡“° °≈à“«§◊Õ‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π “¡“√∂°”®—¥¢¬–‰¥âÕ¬à“ß‡√Á«√«¥ ·≈–¬—ß∂à“¬¡Ÿ≈‡ªìπªÿÜ¬∑’Ë¡’§ÿ≥¿“æÕ’°¥â«¬

®“°º≈°“√∑¥≈Õß‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π 1 °‘‚≈°√—¡ “¡“√∂°”®—¥‡»…º—°À√◊Õ¢¬– 1 °‘‚≈°√—¡ ‰¥â¿“¬„π 24 ™—Ë«‚¡ß ·µà«‘∏’°“√π’È°≈—∫‰¡à “¡“√∂¢¬“¬º≈ ŸàºŸâ∑’Ë π„®‰¥â ‡æ√“–√“§“ ◊ÈÕ¢“¬‰ â‡¥◊Õπæ—π∏ÿåµà“ßª√–‡∑»·æß ·≈–∑’Ë ”§—≠Õ“®®–∑”„Àâ√–∫∫π‘‡«»«‘∑¬“À√◊Õ “¬æ—π∏ÿå‰ â‡¥◊Õπæ◊Èπ‡¡◊Õß‡ª≈’Ë¬π·ª≈ß‰ª‰¥â µàÕ¡“‰¥âæ—≤π“À“ “¬æ—π∏åÿ‰∑¬∑’Ë°‘πÕ“À“√‡°àß·≈–∑πµàÕ ¿“æ·«¥≈âÕ¡‰¥â¥’ ™◊ËÕ ç§‘µ–·√àé ·µà‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫æ—π∏ÿåµà“ßª√–‡∑»π—Èπ æ∫«à“‰ â‡¥◊Õπ‰∑¬ (§‘µ–·√à) °‘πÕ“À“√πâÕ¬°«à“‡°◊Õ∫‡∑à“µ—« ´÷Ë ßµâÕßæ—≤π“ª√—∫ª√ÿß “¬æ—π∏ÿå‰ â‡¥◊Õπ‰∑¬ ‚¥¬§—¥æ—π∏ÿå∑’Ë°‘πÕ“À“√‡°àßÊ ·≈–®–¢¬“¬æ—π∏ÿå„Àâ‡°…µ√°√À√◊ÕºŸâ π„®∑—Ë«‰ª ‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ°“√™à«¬°—πº≈‘µªÿÜ¬√“§“∂Ÿ°·≈–™à«¬°”®—¥¢¬–Õ’°∑“ßÀπ÷Ëß

‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π∑’Ëæ∫¡“°„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–·∂∫‡Õ‡™’¬-Õ“§‡π¬å ‰¥â·°à Pheretima Peguana ·≈– Pheretima Posthum≈—°…≥–¿“¬πÕ°¢Õß‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π®–‡ªìπª≈âÕßµ—Èß·µàÀ—«®π∂÷ß

Intestinal Worm is among a

name of many invertebrate

animals, some of which have

segmented body while some

donût such as earthworm. Earth-

worm, having segmented body,

can be found on the fertilized

soil and under piles of trash.

Mermithid nematode, without

ringed body, is a parasite to roots of vegetables, beans,

and plants.

The benefits of earthworm lie not only in enhanc-

ing better soil quality but also being used for such

animal feeds as fish, birds, ducks, chicken, and etc.

The earthworm feeds on non-living things but it

decomposes rotting organic materials particularly

organic materials with high nitrogen in composition.

In 1998 Dr.Anath Tonso, Department of Soil and

Environmental Resources, Faculty of Agricultural Produc-

tion, Maejo University, has seen its benefits so he has

conducted the research with support from the Office of

National Science and Technology Development, Northern

Network. It turns out to be a very successful one, that is,

the earthworm is able to decompose waste materials

fast and excrete cast manure, a high quality fertilizer,

as well.

From the result of the experiment, 1 kilo of earth-

worm can dispose 1 kilo of vegetable residues or wastes

within 24 hours. This process, however, canût be spread

to those interested because the price of foreign earth-

worm species is very expensive and more important it

might have affected the ecology system or caused the

change to local earthworm species. Later the Thai earth-

worm, called çKitarae,é consuming a lot of food and

well resistant to the environment, has been developed.

Compared with that of the foreign one, it has found

out that the Thai earthworm (Kitarae) feeds on food 1

time less than that of its counterpart. Therefore, the Thai

‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘πº≈‘µªÿÜ¬ ¢®—¥¢¬– Earthworm Produces Fertilizer and Disposes of Wastes

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à«π∑â“¬¢Õß√à“ß°“¬ ¡’√Ÿª√à“ß∑√ß°√–∫Õ°¬“« À—«∑â“¬‡√’¬«·À≈¡ ¬“«ª√–¡“≥ 10-20 ‡´πµ‘‡¡µ√ ‡¡◊ËÕ‚µ‡µÁ¡∑’Ë®–¡’ 120ª≈âÕß ¡’™àÕß√–À«à“ßª≈âÕß§—Ëπ·µà≈–ª≈âÕß‰«â ·µà≈–ª≈âÕß¡’‡¥◊Õ¬‡≈Á°Ê ‡√’¬ßÕ¬Ÿàª√–¡“≥ 56 Õ—π ‰¡à¡’ à«πÀ—«∑’Ë™—¥‡®π ‰¡à¡’µ“ ‰¡à¡’Àπ«¥‡À¡◊Õπ„πµ—«·¡à‡æ√’¬ß ·µà¡’‰§≈‡µ≈≈—¡ ‡¡◊ËÕ∂÷ß√–¬– ◊∫æ—π∏ÿå‰§≈‡µ≈≈—¡®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â™—¥‡®πÕ¬Ÿàµ√ßª≈âÕß∑’Ë 14-16

°“√∑’Ë®–π”‰ â ‡¥◊Õπ¡“‡≈’È¬ß‡æ◊ËÕ°”®—¥¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å√«¡∂÷ß°”®—¥«— ¥ÿ‡À≈◊Õ„™â∑“ß°“√‡°…µ√ ®÷ß‡ªìπ ‘Ëß∑’Ë‡ªìπ‰ª‰¥â∂â“√Ÿâ®—°¥—¥·ª≈ß ¿“æ·«¥≈âÕ¡„Àâ‡À¡“– ¡°—∫°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õß‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π ´÷Ëß¿“™π–∑’Ëπ”¡“‡≈’È¬ß‰ â‡¥◊Õππ—Èπ ®–¡’∑—Èß∑’Ë‡ªìπ∫àÕ¥‘π∂—ß °√–∂“ß °≈àÕß ∂ÿß À√◊Õ∂—ß¢¬– √àÕßπÈ” °√–∫– À√◊Õ«— ¥ÿÕ’°À≈“¬Ê ™π‘¥°Á‰¥â ·≈â«·µà§«“¡ –¥«°é

¡¡ÿµ‘«à“µâÕß°“√°”®—¥¢¬– ¥®“°™ÿ¡™π∑’Ë¡’Õ—µ√“ 5 µ—πµàÕ«—π ‡√“µâÕß‡µ√’¬¡æ◊Èπ∑’Ë∫àÕÀ¡—°ª√–¡“≥ 100 µ“√“ß‡¡µ√(‚¥¬§‘¥§à“§«“¡Àπ“·πàπ¢Õß¢¬– ¥‡∑à“°—∫ 0.5 µ—π µàÕ≈Ÿ°∫“»°å‡¡µ√) §«“¡ Ÿß¢Õß°√–∫–§«√Õ¬Ÿàµ—Èß·µà 0.8-1.0 ‡¡µ√‡æ◊ËÕ„ÀâªØ‘∫—µ‘ß“π‰¥âßà“¬ ‚¥¬¡’§«“¡°«â“ßª√–¡“≥ 1 ‡¡µ√·≈–§«“¡¬“«∑’Ë‰¡à®”°—¥

ç¢¬– ¥®–¡’πÈ”‡ªìπÕß§åª√–°Õ∫‰¡àπâÕ¬°«à“ 80‡ªÕ√å‡´Áπµå ¥—ßπ—Èπ „π¢≥–∑’ËÀ¡—°·≈–°“√ ≈“¬¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å‚¥¬‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π ®–¡’¢Õß‡À≈«À√◊ÕπÈ”À¡—°®“°¡Ÿ≈‰ â‡¥◊Õπ‰À≈ÕÕ°¡“®“°°Õß¢¬–®”π«π¡“° °“√ √â“ß∫àÕ√«∫√«¡πÈ”À¡—°®“°¡Ÿ≈‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π®÷ß‡ªìπ ‘Ëß∑’Ë®”‡ªìπÕ¬à“ß¡“° ®–∑”„ÀâπÈ”À¡—°‰¡à·™à¢—ßÕ¬Ÿà„π‚√ßº≈‘µªÿÜ¬À¡—° ´÷Ëß∑”„Àâ‰ â‡¥◊Õπ®–Àπ’¢÷Èπ¡“Õ¬Ÿà‡Àπ◊ÕπÈ” ‡π◊ËÕß®“°À“¬„®‰¡àÕÕ° ÷ËßπÈ”À¡—°‡À≈à“π’È¡’·√à∏“µÿÕ“À“√·≈–ª√‘¡“≥®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬åÕ¬Ÿà‡ªìπ®”π«π¡“°‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª°“√À¡—°∑’Ë ¡∫Ÿ√≥å®–∑”„ÀâπÈ”À¡—°∑’Ë‰¥â‰¡à¡’°≈‘Ëπ‡À¡Áπ·≈– “¡“√∂π”‰ª„™â„π°“√º≈‘µæ◊™‰¥âÕ¬à“ß ¡∫Ÿ√≥åé

‡µ√’¬¡«— ¥ÿ√Õßæ◊Èπ‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ∑’ËÕ“»—¬¢Õß‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π ‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª¡—°®–„™â«— ¥ÿÕ‘π∑√’¬å ¥Ê ‡ªìπ«— ¥ÿ√Õßæ◊ÈπÀπ“ª√–¡“≥6 π‘È« ‚¥¬‡πâπ à«π∑’Ë‡ªìπº—° ’‡¢’¬« «—™æ◊™ ¢¬– ¥ ‚¥¬®–„™âªÿÜ¬§Õ°‚√¬∫πÀπâ“„ÀâÀπ“ª√–¡“≥ 2 π‘È« ‚√¬ªŸπ¢“«„Àâ∑—Ë«

earthworm specie must be developed and selected

only the one that has high consumption and then it will

be bred to farmers or other interested people in order

to help produce cheap fertilizer and at the same time

dispose of wastes.

The earthworm commonly found in Thailand and

South East Asia region are Pheretima peguana and

Pheretima posthum. The earthwormûs external feature is

segmented from head to the end of its body. Its feature

is long cylinder with tapering pointed head and tail,

approximately 10-20 centimeter long. When matured,

there will be about 120 segmentations with a gap in

between each segment, each of which has a small

setae set along, a total of about 56 setae. Neither

head nor tail can be clearly identified. It has neither

eyes nor feelers as clam worm but it has clitellum.

While reaching its reproductive stage, clitellum can be

visibly seen at the 14th-16th ring.

Raising worm in order to dispose of organic wastes

including agricultural residues is possible if we know

how to adapt the environment suitable for the growth

of earthworm. The containers to raise earthworm are a

clay tank, a pot, a box, a bag or waste bin, a drain, a

tray, or any other materials depending on the conve-

nience.

Supposing a fresh waste of community with the

rate of 5 tons per day is required to be gotten rid of,

we are to prepare a fermenting tank about 100 m2 (the

density rate equal to 0.5 ton per m3), with 0.8-1.0 meter

high, about 1 meter long and unlimited wide for easier

operation.

çFresh litter contains water no less than 80% of its

composition. Therefore, while being composted and

decomposed by the earthworm, a lot of liquid or com-

post water from the earthworm dung will be excreted

from piles of litter. The construction of a pit to store the

compost water from the earthworm is a must. This will

prevent compost water from being logged inside the

fermented fertilizer. If this persists, it will cause the earth-

worm to try to escape above the surface level due to

inability to breathe. This compost water is highly rich in

nutrients and microorganism. Generally, a complete

fermentation produces odorless compost water and can

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∫√‘‡«≥ ·≈â«®÷ß„Àâ§«“¡™◊Èπ‡≈Á°πâÕ¬ª√–¡“≥ 20 ‡ªÕ√å‡´Áπµå ¢ÕßπÈ”Àπ—°¢¬– ¥À√◊Õ„Àâ‡ªï¬°™ÿà¡·µà‰¡à„Àâ¡’πÈ”·™à¢—ß ∑‘Èß‰«âª√–¡“≥ 2-3 «—π ®–æ∫«à“‡°‘¥°√–∫«π°“√À¡—° —ß‡°µ‰¥â‚¥¬¡’§«“¡√âÕπ∑’Ë Ÿß¢÷Èπ ∑‘È ß‰«âª√–¡“≥ 4-6 —ª¥“Àå §«“¡√âÕπ∑’Ë‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ®–À“¬‰ªÀ√◊ÕÕ“®‡√Á«°«à“π’È

°“√°”®—¥¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å®–¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ Ÿß ÿ¥‡¡◊ËÕ‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π¡’πÈ”Àπ—° 2 °‘‚≈°√—¡ µàÕ®”π«π¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å∑’Ë‡√‘Ë¡∫Ÿ¥·≈â«ª√‘¡“≥ 1 °‘‚≈°√—¡ Õ¬à“ß‰√°Áµ“¡ °“√‡√‘Ë¡µâπ¥â«¬ª√‘¡“≥‰ â‡¥◊Õπ„πÕ—µ√“π’È®–‡ªìπ«‘∏’°“√∑’Ë¡’§à“„™â®à“¬§àÕπ¢â“ß Ÿß¥—ßπ—Èπ „π√–¬–‡µ√’¬¡°“√®÷ß§«√¡’ª√‘¡“≥‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘πÕ¬à“ßπâÕ¬1 °‘‚≈°√—¡ µàÕæ◊Èπ∑’Ë 1 µ“√“ß‡¡µ√ ´÷Ëß„™â√–¬–‡«≈“ª√–¡“≥4-6 —ª¥“Àå °Á®–∑”„Àâª√‘¡“≥‰ â‡¥◊Õπ‡æ‘Ë¡®”π«π¢÷ÈπÕ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á« ·≈–∑«’®”π«π¡“°¢÷Èπµ“¡ ¿“æ·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’Ë‡À¡“– ¡

ª√‘¡“≥¢¬– ¥∑’Ë§«√‡µ√’¬¡„Àâ‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π §«√®–¡’°“√‡µ√’¬¡°“√À¡—°„Àâ‡√‘Ë¡∫Ÿ¥‡ ’¬°àÕπ °àÕπ∑’Ë®–π”¡“„ à„π°√–∫–‡≈’È¬ß‰ â‡¥◊Õπ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°‰ â‡¥◊Õπ‰¡à°‘π¢Õß ¥ ‰ â‡¥◊Õπ°‘πÕ“À“√¥â«¬°“√¥Ÿ¥‡¢â“‰ª„π√à“ß°“¬®÷ß°‘π‰¥â‡©æ“–¢Õß∑’Ë‡√‘Ë¡∫Ÿ¥‡πà“·≈–°”≈—ß ≈“¬µ—«‡ªìπ¢Õß‡À≈«

‰ â‡¥◊Õπ “¬æ—π∏ÿå‰∑¬ Pheretima Peguana ·≈–Pheretima Posthum ®–°‘πÕ“À“√‡©≈’Ë¬ 120-150 ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡/πÈ”Àπ—°µ—« 1 °√—¡/«—π ∑—Èßπ’È‡π◊ËÕß®“°ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬Õ¬Ÿà„π‡¢µ√âÕπ ‚¥¬ª°µ‘‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π “¬æ—π∏ÿå‰∑¬ 1 °‘‚≈°√—¡ ®–¡’®”π«πª√–¡“≥ 1,200 µ—« ®÷ß§«√‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√ª√–¡“≥ 120-150°√—¡/«—π

À≈—°°“√„π°“√®—¥°“√‚√ß‡√◊Õπ„Àâ‡À¡“– ¡°Á§◊Õ °“√æ¬“¬“¡§«∫§ÿ¡‰¡à„Àâ‡°‘¥§«“¡√âÕπ¢÷Èπ„π°√–∫–∑’Ë‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘πÕ“»—¬Õ¬Ÿà ”À√—∫‡∑§π‘§°“√·¬°‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘πÕÕ°®“°ªÿÜ¬À¡—°¡Ÿ≈ —µ«å™π‘¥π’Èπ—Èπ ¥√.Õ“π—∞ ∫Õ°«à“ “¡“√∂∑”‰¥âÀ≈“¬‡∑§π‘§‡™àπ °“√„™â· ß‰ø‰≈à ‡π◊ËÕß®“°‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π‰¡à™Õ∫· ß À√◊Õ„™âµ–·°√ß√àÕπ¥â«¬¡◊Õ°Á‰¥â

¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈®“°Àπ—ß ◊Õæ‘¡æå‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’™“«∫â“π

©∫—∫«—π∑’Ë 1 °ÿ¡¿“æ—π∏å 2548 ªï∑’Ë 17 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 352

‚¥¬ ‰™¬ àÕßÕ“™’æ

be fully used in agricultural productioné

The bedding for earthworm should be prepared.

In general, fresh organic materials, especially those that

are green vegetables, weed, and fresh litter, are used

to be 6-inch-thick base of the tank. About 2 inches of

manure are covered on top and calcium hydroxide is

sprinkled around. And then add some moisture about

20% of the weight of fresh waste or water it but water

logging should be avoided. Around 2-3 days later the

composting process is carried out, observed by high

heat level. Leave it for about 4-6 weeks or sooner, the

heat will be disappeared.

The decomposition of organic wastes will be most

effective when the earthworm weighs 2 kilograms per 1

kilogram of rotting organic waste. However, to start the

composting with this amount of earthworm costs quite

a lot, so in the preparation stage, 1 kilogram of earth-

worm per square meter is required. With approximately

4-6 weeks, the number of earthworm will increase quickly

based on suitable environment.

The amount of fresh waste for feeding earthworm

should be in the process of composting before putting

them in the earthworm bin. This is because the earth-

worm wonût feed on fresh material. The earthworm

consumes by sucking into the body so they can eat

only rotting debris and those being decomposed to

liquid.

The Thai species of earthworm, Pheretima peguana

and Pheretima posthum, consume 120-150 milligram of

food per 1 gram of weight per day on average. For

Thailand is in the tropical region, 1 kilo of Thai earth-

worm commonly consists of 1,200 of earthworms so

they should consume about 120-150 milligram per day.

The principle of household plant management is

that try to control the heat in the bin that raises the

earthworm. For the technique of separating earthworm

from the dung manure, Dr.Anath said that there are a

number of ways to do so such as the use of light

because the earthworm doesnût like the light or use a

screen to sieve by hand.

Source: Folk Technology Newspaper, February 1st 2005,

Year 17, Volume 352

by Chai Songacheep

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™π‘¥ à«π„À≠à¡—°®–√Ÿâ®—°°—π„π¥â“π‡ªìπ»—µ√Ÿ∑”≈“¬æ◊™·≈–‡ªìπæ“À–π”‚√§ ·µà∫“ß™π‘¥°≈—∫‰¡à¡’Õ—πµ√“¬µàÕæ◊™ ·≈–∫“ß™π‘¥ “¡“√∂π”¡“‡≈’È¬ß‡ªìπ —µ«å‡≈’È¬ß‰¥â ÷ËßÀπ÷Ëß„ππ—Èπ §◊Õ·¡≈ß·°≈∫ ·¡≈ß·°≈∫¡’¢π“¥§«“¡¬“«ª√–¡“≥ 3/4 π‘È«¡’ ’πÈ”µ“≈®π∂÷ß ’¥” ªï°§Ÿà·√°¡’ ’ÕàÕπ°«à“ ’≈”µ—« ·¡≈ß·°≈∫°‘πÕ“À“√∑ÿ°™π‘¥∑’Ë‡ªìπÕ‘π∑√’¬«—µ∂ÿ À√◊Õ ‘Ëß∑’Ë§√—ÈßÀπ÷Ëß‡§¬¡’™’«‘µ‡™àπ ‡»…æ◊™ ‡»…º—° ‡»…Õ“À“√ ¡Ÿ≈ —µ«åµà“ßÊ ´÷Ëß√«¡¡Ÿ≈ —µ«å‡≈’È¬ß ‡™àπ ¡Ÿ≈ ÿπ—¢ ·≈–¡Ÿ≈·¡«



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‰ â‡¥◊Õπ ‡ªìπ™◊ËÕ¢Õß —µ«å‰¡à¡’°√–¥Ÿ° —πÀ≈—ßÀ≈“¬™π‘¥ ∫“ß™π‘¥≈”µ—«¡’ª≈âÕß ∫“ß™π‘¥‰¡à¡’ ‡™àπ‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π ≈”µ—«‡ªìπª≈âÕß ¡—°¡’™ÿ°™ÿ¡µ“¡¥‘π™◊Èπ√à«π´ÿ¬ µ“¡„µâ°Õß¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬ ‰ â ‡¥◊ÕπΩÕ¬√“°ªπ ≈”µ—«‡ªìπ√‘È«‰¡à‡ªìπª≈âÕß‡ªìπª√ ‘µµ“¡√“°º—° ∂—Ë« ·≈–µâπ‰¡â

ª√–‚¬™πå¢Õß‰ â ‡¥◊ Õπ¥‘π‰¡à‡æ’¬ß™à«¬ª√—∫ª√ÿß§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘¢Õß¥‘π„Àâ¥’¢÷Èπ‡∑à“π—Èπ ·µà¬—ß “¡“√∂π”¡“„™â‡ªìπÕ“À“√ —µ«å Õ“∑‘ ª≈“ π° ‡ªì¥ ·≈–‰°àœ≈œ ‰¥âÕ’°¥â«¬

Õ“À“√¢Õß‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘ππ—Èπ ®–‰¡à°‘π¢Õß¡’™’«‘µ ·µà‡¢â“¬àÕ¬ “√Õ‘π∑√’¬å∑’Ë‡√‘Ë¡‡πà“‡ªóòÕ¬ ‚¥¬‡©æ“– “√Õ‘π∑√’¬å∑’Ë¡’ª√‘¡“≥‰π‚µ√‡®π‡ªìπÕß§åª√–°Õ∫Õ¬Ÿà Ÿß

‡¡◊ËÕªï æ.». 2541 ¥√.Õ“π—∞ µ—π‚´ ·Ààß¿“§«‘™“∑√—æ¬“°√¥‘π·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ §≥–º≈‘µ°√√¡°“√‡°…µ√¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬·¡à‚®â ‰¥â‡≈Áß‡ÀÁπª√–‚¬™πå¢Õß‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π ®÷ß‰¥â∑”°“√»÷°…“«‘®—¬ ‚¥¬‰¥â√—∫°“√ π—∫ πÿπ®“° ”π—°ß“πæ—≤π“«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å·≈–‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’·Ààß™“µ‘ ‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ´÷Ëßª√“°Ø«à“ª√– ∫§«“¡ ”‡√Á®‡ªìπÕ¬à“ß¡“° °≈à“«§◊Õ‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π “¡“√∂°”®—¥¢¬–‰¥âÕ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á« ·≈–¬—ß∂à“¬¡Ÿ≈‡ªìπªÿÜ¬∑’Ë¡’§ÿ≥¿“æÕ’°¥â«¬

®“°º≈°“√∑¥≈Õß‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π 1 °‘‚≈°√—¡ “¡“√∂°”®—¥‡»…º—°À√◊Õ¢¬– 1 °‘‚≈°√—¡ ‰¥â¿“¬„π 24 ™—Ë«‚¡ß ·µà«‘∏’°“√π’È°≈—∫‰¡à “¡“√∂¢¬“¬º≈ ŸàºŸâ∑’Ë π„®‰¥â ‡æ√“–√“§“ ◊ÈÕ¢“¬‰ â‡¥◊Õπæ—π∏ÿåµà“ßª√–‡∑»·æß ·≈–∑’Ë ”§—≠Õ“®®–∑”„Àâ√–∫∫π‘‡«»«‘∑¬“À√◊Õ “¬æ—π∏ÿå‰ â‡¥◊Õπæ◊Èπ‡¡◊Õß‡ª≈’Ë¬π·ª≈ß‰ª‰¥â µàÕ¡“‰¥âæ—≤π“À“ “¬æ—π∏åÿ‰∑¬∑’Ë°‘πÕ“À“√‡°àß·≈–∑πµàÕ ¿“æ·«¥≈âÕ¡‰¥â¥’ ™◊ËÕ ç§‘µ–·√àé ·µà‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫æ—π∏ÿåµà“ßª√–‡∑»π—Èπ æ∫«à“‰ â‡¥◊Õπ‰∑¬ (§‘µ–·√à) °‘πÕ“À“√πâÕ¬°«à“‡°◊Õ∫‡∑à“µ—« ´÷Ë ßµâÕßæ—≤π“ª√—∫ª√ÿß “¬æ—π∏ÿå‰ â‡¥◊Õπ‰∑¬ ‚¥¬§—¥æ—π∏ÿå∑’Ë°‘πÕ“À“√‡°àßÊ ·≈–®–¢¬“¬æ—π∏ÿå„Àâ‡°…µ√°√À√◊ÕºŸâ π„®∑—Ë«‰ª ‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ°“√™à«¬°—πº≈‘µªÿÜ¬√“§“∂Ÿ°·≈–™à«¬°”®—¥¢¬–Õ’°∑“ßÀπ÷Ëß

‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π∑’Ëæ∫¡“°„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–·∂∫‡Õ‡™’¬-Õ“§‡π¬å ‰¥â·°à Pheretima Peguana ·≈– Pheretima Posthum≈—°…≥–¿“¬πÕ°¢Õß‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π®–‡ªìπª≈âÕßµ—Èß·µàÀ—«®π∂÷ß

Intestinal Worm is among a

name of many invertebrate

animals, some of which have

segmented body while some

donût such as earthworm. Earth-

worm, having segmented body,

can be found on the fertilized

soil and under piles of trash.

Mermithid nematode, without

ringed body, is a parasite to roots of vegetables, beans,

and plants.

The benefits of earthworm lie not only in enhanc-

ing better soil quality but also being used for such

animal feeds as fish, birds, ducks, chicken, and etc.

The earthworm feeds on non-living things but it

decomposes rotting organic materials particularly

organic materials with high nitrogen in composition.

In 1998 Dr.Anath Tonso, Department of Soil and

Environmental Resources, Faculty of Agricultural Produc-

tion, Maejo University, has seen its benefits so he has

conducted the research with support from the Office of

National Science and Technology Development, Northern

Network. It turns out to be a very successful one, that is,

the earthworm is able to decompose waste materials

fast and excrete cast manure, a high quality fertilizer,

as well.

From the result of the experiment, 1 kilo of earth-

worm can dispose 1 kilo of vegetable residues or wastes

within 24 hours. This process, however, canût be spread

to those interested because the price of foreign earth-

worm species is very expensive and more important it

might have affected the ecology system or caused the

change to local earthworm species. Later the Thai earth-

worm, called çKitarae,é consuming a lot of food and

well resistant to the environment, has been developed.

Compared with that of the foreign one, it has found

out that the Thai earthworm (Kitarae) feeds on food 1

time less than that of its counterpart. Therefore, the Thai

‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘πº≈‘µªÿÜ¬ ¢®—¥¢¬– Earthworm Produces Fertilizer and Disposes of Wastes

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à«π∑â“¬¢Õß√à“ß°“¬ ¡’√Ÿª√à“ß∑√ß°√–∫Õ°¬“« À—«∑â“¬‡√’¬«·À≈¡ ¬“«ª√–¡“≥ 10-20 ‡´πµ‘‡¡µ√ ‡¡◊ËÕ‚µ‡µÁ¡∑’Ë®–¡’ 120ª≈âÕß ¡’™àÕß√–À«à“ßª≈âÕß§—Ëπ·µà≈–ª≈âÕß‰«â ·µà≈–ª≈âÕß¡’‡¥◊Õ¬‡≈Á°Ê ‡√’¬ßÕ¬Ÿàª√–¡“≥ 56 Õ—π ‰¡à¡’ à«πÀ—«∑’Ë™—¥‡®π ‰¡à¡’µ“ ‰¡à¡’Àπ«¥‡À¡◊Õπ„πµ—«·¡à‡æ√’¬ß ·µà¡’‰§≈‡µ≈≈—¡ ‡¡◊ËÕ∂÷ß√–¬– ◊∫æ—π∏ÿå‰§≈‡µ≈≈—¡®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â™—¥‡®πÕ¬Ÿàµ√ßª≈âÕß∑’Ë 14-16

°“√∑’Ë®–π”‰ â ‡¥◊Õπ¡“‡≈’È¬ß‡æ◊ËÕ°”®—¥¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å√«¡∂÷ß°”®—¥«— ¥ÿ‡À≈◊Õ„™â∑“ß°“√‡°…µ√ ®÷ß‡ªìπ ‘Ëß∑’Ë‡ªìπ‰ª‰¥â∂â“√Ÿâ®—°¥—¥·ª≈ß ¿“æ·«¥≈âÕ¡„Àâ‡À¡“– ¡°—∫°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õß‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π ´÷Ëß¿“™π–∑’Ëπ”¡“‡≈’È¬ß‰ â‡¥◊Õππ—Èπ ®–¡’∑—Èß∑’Ë‡ªìπ∫àÕ¥‘π∂—ß °√–∂“ß °≈àÕß ∂ÿß À√◊Õ∂—ß¢¬– √àÕßπÈ” °√–∫– À√◊Õ«— ¥ÿÕ’°À≈“¬Ê ™π‘¥°Á‰¥â ·≈â«·µà§«“¡ –¥«°é

¡¡ÿµ‘«à“µâÕß°“√°”®—¥¢¬– ¥®“°™ÿ¡™π∑’Ë¡’Õ—µ√“ 5 µ—πµàÕ«—π ‡√“µâÕß‡µ√’¬¡æ◊Èπ∑’Ë∫àÕÀ¡—°ª√–¡“≥ 100 µ“√“ß‡¡µ√(‚¥¬§‘¥§à“§«“¡Àπ“·πàπ¢Õß¢¬– ¥‡∑à“°—∫ 0.5 µ—π µàÕ≈Ÿ°∫“»°å‡¡µ√) §«“¡ Ÿß¢Õß°√–∫–§«√Õ¬Ÿàµ—Èß·µà 0.8-1.0 ‡¡µ√‡æ◊ËÕ„ÀâªØ‘∫—µ‘ß“π‰¥âßà“¬ ‚¥¬¡’§«“¡°«â“ßª√–¡“≥ 1 ‡¡µ√·≈–§«“¡¬“«∑’Ë‰¡à®”°—¥

ç¢¬– ¥®–¡’πÈ”‡ªìπÕß§åª√–°Õ∫‰¡àπâÕ¬°«à“ 80‡ªÕ√å‡´Áπµå ¥—ßπ—Èπ „π¢≥–∑’ËÀ¡—°·≈–°“√ ≈“¬¢¬–Õ‘π∑√’¬å‚¥¬‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π ®–¡’¢Õß‡À≈«À√◊ÕπÈ”À¡—°®“°¡Ÿ≈‰ â‡¥◊Õπ‰À≈ÕÕ°¡“®“°°Õß¢¬–®”π«π¡“° °“√ √â“ß∫àÕ√«∫√«¡πÈ”À¡—°®“°¡Ÿ≈‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π®÷ß‡ªìπ ‘Ëß∑’Ë®”‡ªìπÕ¬à“ß¡“° ®–∑”„ÀâπÈ”À¡—°‰¡à·™à¢—ßÕ¬Ÿà„π‚√ßº≈‘µªÿÜ¬À¡—° ´÷Ëß∑”„Àâ‰ â‡¥◊Õπ®–Àπ’¢÷Èπ¡“Õ¬Ÿà‡Àπ◊ÕπÈ” ‡π◊ËÕß®“°À“¬„®‰¡àÕÕ° ÷ËßπÈ”À¡—°‡À≈à“π’È¡’·√à∏“µÿÕ“À“√·≈–ª√‘¡“≥®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬åÕ¬Ÿà‡ªìπ®”π«π¡“°‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª°“√À¡—°∑’Ë ¡∫Ÿ√≥å®–∑”„ÀâπÈ”À¡—°∑’Ë‰¥â‰¡à¡’°≈‘Ëπ‡À¡Áπ·≈– “¡“√∂π”‰ª„™â„π°“√º≈‘µæ◊™‰¥âÕ¬à“ß ¡∫Ÿ√≥åé

‡µ√’¬¡«— ¥ÿ√Õßæ◊Èπ‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ∑’ËÕ“»—¬¢Õß‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π ‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª¡—°®–„™â«— ¥ÿÕ‘π∑√’¬å ¥Ê ‡ªìπ«— ¥ÿ√Õßæ◊ÈπÀπ“ª√–¡“≥6 π‘È« ‚¥¬‡πâπ à«π∑’Ë‡ªìπº—° ’‡¢’¬« «—™æ◊™ ¢¬– ¥ ‚¥¬®–„™âªÿÜ¬§Õ°‚√¬∫πÀπâ“„ÀâÀπ“ª√–¡“≥ 2 π‘È« ‚√¬ªŸπ¢“«„Àâ∑—Ë«

earthworm specie must be developed and selected

only the one that has high consumption and then it will

be bred to farmers or other interested people in order

to help produce cheap fertilizer and at the same time

dispose of wastes.

The earthworm commonly found in Thailand and

South East Asia region are Pheretima peguana and

Pheretima posthum. The earthwormûs external feature is

segmented from head to the end of its body. Its feature

is long cylinder with tapering pointed head and tail,

approximately 10-20 centimeter long. When matured,

there will be about 120 segmentations with a gap in

between each segment, each of which has a small

setae set along, a total of about 56 setae. Neither

head nor tail can be clearly identified. It has neither

eyes nor feelers as clam worm but it has clitellum.

While reaching its reproductive stage, clitellum can be

visibly seen at the 14th-16th ring.

Raising worm in order to dispose of organic wastes

including agricultural residues is possible if we know

how to adapt the environment suitable for the growth

of earthworm. The containers to raise earthworm are a

clay tank, a pot, a box, a bag or waste bin, a drain, a

tray, or any other materials depending on the conve-

nience.

Supposing a fresh waste of community with the

rate of 5 tons per day is required to be gotten rid of,

we are to prepare a fermenting tank about 100 m2 (the

density rate equal to 0.5 ton per m3), with 0.8-1.0 meter

high, about 1 meter long and unlimited wide for easier

operation.

çFresh litter contains water no less than 80% of its

composition. Therefore, while being composted and

decomposed by the earthworm, a lot of liquid or com-

post water from the earthworm dung will be excreted

from piles of litter. The construction of a pit to store the

compost water from the earthworm is a must. This will

prevent compost water from being logged inside the

fermented fertilizer. If this persists, it will cause the earth-

worm to try to escape above the surface level due to

inability to breathe. This compost water is highly rich in

nutrients and microorganism. Generally, a complete

fermentation produces odorless compost water and can

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ª√‘¡“≥¢¬– ¥∑’Ë§«√‡µ√’¬¡„Àâ‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π §«√®–¡’°“√‡µ√’¬¡°“√À¡—°„Àâ‡√‘Ë¡∫Ÿ¥‡ ’¬°àÕπ °àÕπ∑’Ë®–π”¡“„ à„π°√–∫–‡≈’È¬ß‰ â‡¥◊Õπ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°‰ â‡¥◊Õπ‰¡à°‘π¢Õß ¥ ‰ â‡¥◊Õπ°‘πÕ“À“√¥â«¬°“√¥Ÿ¥‡¢â“‰ª„π√à“ß°“¬®÷ß°‘π‰¥â‡©æ“–¢Õß∑’Ë‡√‘Ë¡∫Ÿ¥‡πà“·≈–°”≈—ß ≈“¬µ—«‡ªìπ¢Õß‡À≈«

‰ â‡¥◊Õπ “¬æ—π∏ÿå‰∑¬ Pheretima Peguana ·≈–Pheretima Posthum ®–°‘πÕ“À“√‡©≈’Ë¬ 120-150 ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡/πÈ”Àπ—°µ—« 1 °√—¡/«—π ∑—Èßπ’È‡π◊ËÕß®“°ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬Õ¬Ÿà„π‡¢µ√âÕπ ‚¥¬ª°µ‘‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π “¬æ—π∏ÿå‰∑¬ 1 °‘‚≈°√—¡ ®–¡’®”π«πª√–¡“≥ 1,200 µ—« ®÷ß§«√‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√ª√–¡“≥ 120-150°√—¡/«—π

À≈—°°“√„π°“√®—¥°“√‚√ß‡√◊Õπ„Àâ‡À¡“– ¡°Á§◊Õ °“√æ¬“¬“¡§«∫§ÿ¡‰¡à„Àâ‡°‘¥§«“¡√âÕπ¢÷Èπ„π°√–∫–∑’Ë‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘πÕ“»—¬Õ¬Ÿà ”À√—∫‡∑§π‘§°“√·¬°‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘πÕÕ°®“°ªÿÜ¬À¡—°¡Ÿ≈ —µ«å™π‘¥π’Èπ—Èπ ¥√.Õ“π—∞ ∫Õ°«à“ “¡“√∂∑”‰¥âÀ≈“¬‡∑§π‘§‡™àπ °“√„™â· ß‰ø‰≈à ‡π◊ËÕß®“°‰ â‡¥◊Õπ¥‘π‰¡à™Õ∫· ß À√◊Õ„™âµ–·°√ß√àÕπ¥â«¬¡◊Õ°Á‰¥â

¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈®“°Àπ—ß ◊Õæ‘¡æå‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’™“«∫â“π

©∫—∫«—π∑’Ë 1 °ÿ¡¿“æ—π∏å 2548 ªï∑’Ë 17 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 352

‚¥¬ ‰™¬ àÕßÕ“™’æ

be fully used in agricultural productioné

The bedding for earthworm should be prepared.

In general, fresh organic materials, especially those that

are green vegetables, weed, and fresh litter, are used

to be 6-inch-thick base of the tank. About 2 inches of

manure are covered on top and calcium hydroxide is

sprinkled around. And then add some moisture about

20% of the weight of fresh waste or water it but water

logging should be avoided. Around 2-3 days later the

composting process is carried out, observed by high

heat level. Leave it for about 4-6 weeks or sooner, the

heat will be disappeared.

The decomposition of organic wastes will be most

effective when the earthworm weighs 2 kilograms per 1

kilogram of rotting organic waste. However, to start the

composting with this amount of earthworm costs quite

a lot, so in the preparation stage, 1 kilogram of earth-

worm per square meter is required. With approximately

4-6 weeks, the number of earthworm will increase quickly

based on suitable environment.

The amount of fresh waste for feeding earthworm

should be in the process of composting before putting

them in the earthworm bin. This is because the earth-

worm wonût feed on fresh material. The earthworm

consumes by sucking into the body so they can eat

only rotting debris and those being decomposed to

liquid.

The Thai species of earthworm, Pheretima peguana

and Pheretima posthum, consume 120-150 milligram of

food per 1 gram of weight per day on average. For

Thailand is in the tropical region, 1 kilo of Thai earth-

worm commonly consists of 1,200 of earthworms so

they should consume about 120-150 milligram per day.

The principle of household plant management is

that try to control the heat in the bin that raises the

earthworm. For the technique of separating earthworm

from the dung manure, Dr.Anath said that there are a

number of ways to do so such as the use of light

because the earthworm doesnût like the light or use a

screen to sieve by hand.

Source: Folk Technology Newspaper, February 1st 2005,

Year 17, Volume 352

by Chai Songacheep

67-71/Techno 16/12/05, 5:35 PM71

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§Õ≈—¡πåπ’È‡ªî¥‰«â‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ∑à“πºŸâÕà“π∑’Ë√—° πÿ°°—∫°“√Õà“π‰¥â Õ∫∂“¡¢âÕ ß —¬ ‚¥¬∑“ß°Õß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√®–§—¥‡≈◊Õ°ªí≠À“∑’Ë∑à“π∂“¡·≈– Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫ Theme ¢Õß·µà≈–©∫—∫ ´÷ËßµâÕß¢ÕÕ¿—¬‰«â ≥ ∑’Ëπ’È ”À√—∫∫“ß§”∂“¡∑’Ë¬—ß‰¡à‰¥âµÕ∫≈ß„π«“√ “√·µà∑“ß°Õß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√®–®—¥ √√ºŸâ‡™’Ë¬«™“≠µÕ∫°≈—∫∑“ß‰ª√…≥’¬å∑ÿ°∑à“ππ–§√—∫

Q1. ∑’Ë∫â“π¡’¢¬–¡“°¡“¬ ‡æ√“–·µà≈–§π™Õ∫®—∫®à“¬‰¡à∑√“∫«à“®–°”®—¥¢¬–ª√–‡¿∑À≈Õ¥‰ø°—∫°√–ªÜÕß ‡ª√¬åÕ¬à“ß‰√

∑’Ë∑à“π∂“¡¡“ À≈Õ¥‰ø°—∫°√–ªÜÕß ‡ª√¬å ®—¥‡ªìπ¢Õß‡ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬∑’Ë‡°‘¥®“°∫â“π‡√◊Õπ

«‘∏’ßà“¬Ê °Á§◊Õ1. ◊ÈÕ/„™â‡∑à“∑’Ë®”‡ªìπ2. ◊ÈÕ/„™â ‘π§â“∑’Ë‡ªìπ¡‘µ√°—∫ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‘π§â“©≈“°‡¢’¬«

‡™àπ ∂à“π‰ø©“¬ Ÿµ√‰¡àº ¡ “√ª√Õ∑ µŸâ‡¬Áπ©≈“°‡¢’¬« ’Õ‘¡¡—≈™—π Ÿµ√≈¥ “√æ‘…

3. ◊ÈÕ/„™â “√ °—¥®“°∏√√¡™“µ‘À√◊Õ ¡ÿπ‰æ√ ·∑π°“√„™â “√‡§¡’∑’Ë —ß‡§√“–Àå¢÷Èπ Õ“∑‘ æ«°¬“°—π¬ÿßµà“ßÊ œ≈œ

4. ◊ÈÕ/„™â ‘π§â“∑’Ë„™â È”„À¡à‰¥â ‡™àπ ∂à“π‰ø©“¬∑’Ë™“√å®„À¡à

“¬¥à«π ’‡¢’¬« Green Expressway

This column is open for you, who enjoy reading, to

ask any questions. The Editor Team will choose the

questions being asked and in trend with the theme of

each volume. We then would like to apologize for

some questions not yet replied in the magazine but we

will allocate the experts of each area to answer your

questions by mail.

Q1. We have loads of garbage at homesince each one likes to shop, so how toget rid of such garbage as light bulbsand cans of spray.

From what you asked, a light bulb and a can

spray are categorized as hazardous household products.

The easy ways to get rid of them are:

1. Buy/Use only what necessary.

2. Buy/Use environmental friendly goods, green-

label products such as non-mercury battery, green-

label refrigerator, non toxic formula-emulsion paint

3. Buy/Use natural-extract substances or herbs in

place of synthetic chemical substances like those of

insecticide, etc.

4. Buy/Use repetitive products such as recharge-

able battery, refilled liquid cleaner to reduce the amount

of packaging.

5. Donût dispose this hazardous waste with general

garbage. Separate them. Itûd even be better if packing

them in a box with the writing on it.

6. Donût trash them on the ground, in the drain or

in the sources of water.

7. Store them in non-leaking container and wait for

the local authority to collect and transport them for disposal.

072-074/“¬¥Ë«π’‡¢’¬« 16/12/05, 6:43 PM72

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‰¥â, „™âπÈ”¬“∑”§«“¡ –Õ“¥™π‘¥‡µ‘¡ ‡æ◊ËÕ≈¥ª√‘¡“≥¿“™π–∫√√®ÿ

5. ‰¡à∑‘Èß¢Õß‡ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬‡À≈à“π’Èª–ªπ°—∫¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬∑—Ë«‰ª µâÕß·¬°∑‘Èßµà“ßÀ“°∫√√®ÿ≈ß°≈àÕß·≈â«‡¢’¬π°”°—∫‰«â°Á®–¥’¡“°∑’‡¥’¬«

6. ‰¡à∑‘Èß≈ßæ◊Èπ ∑àÕ√–∫“¬πÈ” À√◊Õ·À≈àßπÈ”7. ·¬°‡°Á∫‰«â„π¿“™π–∑’Ë‰¡à√—Ë«´÷¡ √ÕÀπà«¬ß“π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ

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·≈° ◊ÈÕº≈‘µ¿—≥±å„À¡à

Q2. ¡’‚§√ß°“√®–‡ªî¥‚√ßß“π Õ¬“°∑√“∫°ÆÀ¡“¬§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…¢Õß‚√ßß“π

§«√®–»÷°…“æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘‚√ßß“π æ.». 2535 ´÷Ëßµ“¡§«“¡„π¡“µ√“¢Õßæ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘π’È °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…¡’Õ”π“®Àπâ“∑’Ë„π°“√°”Àπ¥‡°≥±å·≈–¡“µ√∞“π„π°“√§«∫§ÿ¡°“√¥”‡π‘π°‘®°“√¢Õß‚√ßß“πÕÿµ “À°√√¡ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–¡“µ√∞“π·≈–«‘∏’°“√§«∫§ÿ¡°“√°”®—¥¢Õß‡ ’¬¡≈æ‘…À√◊Õ “√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ´÷Ëß‡°‘¥®“°°‘®°“√¢Õß‚√ßß“π∑’Ë¡’º≈°√–∑∫µàÕ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¿“¬„µâæ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘‚√ßß“π °√–∑√«ßÕÿµ “À°√√¡ “¡“√∂ª√–°“»°Æ°√–∑√«ß‡°’Ë¬«°—∫°“√°”®—¥¢Õß‡ ’¬ ‘ËßªØ‘°Ÿ≈·≈–¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬ Àâ“¡°“√ª≈àÕ¬∑‘ÈßπÈ”‡ ’¬·≈–Õ“°“»‡ ’¬®“°‚√ßß“πÕÿµ “À°√√¡ ·π«∑“ß°“√¡’√–∫∫∫”∫—¥¢Õß‡ ’¬ µ≈Õ¥®π°”Àπ¥√–¥—∫‡ ’¬ß‰¡à„Àâ‡°‘π¡“µ√∞“π¢Õß EPA (US Environmental Protection Agency)æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘‚√ßß“π æ.». 2535 ©∫—∫‡µÁ¡ “¡“√∂Õà“π‰¥â∑’Ëwww.diw.go.th ¢Õß°√¡‚√ßß“πÕÿµ “À°√√¡

Q3. Õ¬“°∑√“∫√“¬™◊ËÕÀπà«¬ß“π∑’Ë√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫‡√◊ËÕß ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡«à“¡’Õ–‰√∫â“ß·≈– —ß°—¥°√–∑√«ß„¥

”À√—∫§”∂“¡π’È¡’À≈“¬Àπà«¬ß“π·≈–À≈“¬°√–∑√«ß ¥—ßπ’È°√–∑√«ß∑√—æ¬“°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡

- °√¡ àß‡ √‘¡§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡- °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘…- °√¡ªÉ“‰¡â- °√¡∑√—æ¬“°√∑“ß∑–‡≈·≈–™“¬Ωíòß- °√¡∑√—æ¬“°√∏√≥’- °√¡∑√—æ¬“°√πÈ”- °√¡∑√—æ¬“°√πÈ”∫“¥“≈- ”π—°ß“ππ‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπ∑√—æ¬“°√∏√√¡™“µ‘ ·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡- ”π—°ß“πæ—≤π“‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’Õ«°“»·≈–¿Ÿ¡‘ “√ π‡∑»

8. Dispose them in the trash container provided by

the local authority or take them to the local authority

on the scheduled pick-up date.

9. Return them to the agent to receive discount

coupon and exchange for new products.

Q2. Opening up a plant is planned, so Iûdlike to know the laws regulating the plantcontrol pollution.

A study of Plant Supervision Act B.E. 2535 (1992)

should be studied. The Pollution Control Department is

authorized to set criteria and standards to control the

industrial plant operation, particularly in terms of standard

and waste pollution disposal or chemical substances

caused by the plant operation, which in turn impacts

the environment.

Under the Plant Supervision Act B.E. 2535 (1992),

the Ministry of Industry is able to issue ministerial regulations

concerning waste, dung, and garbage disposal,

prohibiting the disposal of polluted water and air from

the industrial plant, establishing waste treatment system

guidelines, including limiting the noise level conforming to

the standard set by EPA (US Environmental Protection Agency)

Full Plant Supervision Act B.E. 2535 (1992) can be

found at www.diw.go.th of the Industrial Plant Department.

Q3. Iûd like to get the list of the partiesresponsible for environment and whichministry they are under.

For this question, there are quite a number of

agents and ministries as follows:

Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

- Pollution Control Department

- Department of Environmental Quality Promotion

- Royal Forest Department

- Department of Marine and Coastal Resources

- Department of Mineral Resources

- Department of Water Resources

- Department of Groundwater Resources

- Office of Natural Resources and Environment Policy

and Planning

- Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development

Agency (Public Organization) (GISTDA)

072-074/“¬¥Ë«π’‡¢’¬« 16/12/05, 6:44 PM73

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Ô°√–∑√«ß∑√—æ¬“°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ¡’Àπâ“∑’Ë√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫¥â“π°“√«“ß·ºπ·≈–°“√∫—ß§—∫„™â°Æ√–‡∫’¬∫ ¡“µ√°“√¡“µ√∞“π °“√«‘®—¬ µ≈Õ¥®π°“√®—¥∑”π‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπ°“√ àß‡ √‘¡·≈–√—°…“§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ·≈–°”°—∫¥Ÿ·≈‡°’Ë¬«°—∫∑√—æ¬“°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡„π∑ÿ°¥â“π¢Õßª√–‡∑»°√–∑√«ß¡À“¥‰∑¬

- °√¡ àß‡ √‘¡°“√ª°§√Õß∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ- °√¡ªÑÕß°—π·≈–∫√√‡∑“ “∏“√≥¿—¬

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«—™æ◊™∑“ß°“√‡°…µ√

- Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research

- National Center for Genetic Engineering and

Biotechnology (BIOTEC)

- Geo-Informatics Center for Natural Resources,

Environment, Economics, and Society of Thailand

Ô Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment is

responsible for planning and enforcement of rules and

regulations, measures, standards, research, including

establishing policy and plans for the promotion and

conservation of environmental quality, as well as,

monitor all aspects of the nationûs natural resources

and environment.

Ministry of Interior

- Community Development Department

- Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation

Ô Responsible for waste collection from community

and providing the cleaning in case of emergency

incident of leaks of hazardous substances

Ô Operate and coordinate with Local Administration

Ministry of Public Health

- Department of Health

Ô Responsible for public health management and

authorized in supervision of hospitals around the country

Ô Authorized in the local government agency in the

collection and disposing of infected waste, along with

collecting fee as set in the Public Health Act B.E. 2535 (1992)

Ministry of Industry

- Industrial Plant Department

Ô Control the hazardous waste disposal management

from industrial enterprises

Ô Supervise the compliance of Hazardous Material

Act B.E. 2535 (1992) that regulates and controls all

types of hazardous wastes.

Ministry of Education

Supervise and study of hazards resulted from the uni-

versity labs.

Ministry of Communication

Control and supervise sea wastes, most of which are lube

oil and gasoline caused by the operation at sea and port.

Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives

- Department of Agriculture

Ô Control the use and storage of pesticides and

herbicides.

072-074/“¬¥Ë«π’‡¢’¬« 16/12/05, 6:44 PM74

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Environment News by : News Line Team

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ç·¡â«à“«—µ∂ÿ¥‘∫®–‰¡àµâÕß≈ß∑ÿπ ·µà —ß§¡‰∑¬¬—ß‰¡à‡ÀÁπ§ÿ≥§à“ πâÕ¬§π∑’Ë®–¬Õ¡ ◊ÈÕÀ“ ≈Ÿ°§â“∫“ß§π°Á™◊Ëπ™¡ ‡ÀÁπ«à“ «¬¥’·µà à«π„À≠à°Á‡¥‘πºà“π‰ª ∫“ß§πæÕº¡∫Õ°«à“ º≈‘µ®“°‡»…‰¡â ‡¢“°Á§‘¥·≈â«§‘¥Õ’°°«à“®–´◊ÈÕ —°™‘Èπ µà“ß®“°™“«¬ÿ‚√ª∑’Ë®– àß‡ √‘¡°“√π”«— ¥ÿ‡À≈◊Õ„™â¡“ √â“ßº≈‘µ¿—≥±å Õ¬à“ß‰√°Áµ“¡ ®–À“«‘∏’°“√º≈‘µ„Àâ‡√Á«¢÷ÈπÕ’° ·≈–ª√—∫√Ÿª·∫∫„ÀâÀ≈“°À≈“¬·≈–¡’≈«¥≈“¬ «¬ß“¡°«à“‡¥‘¡ ‡æ◊ËÕ‡¢â“ Ÿà°“√º≈‘µ‡™‘ßæ“≥‘™¬å ¢≥–π’È‰¥âπ”‡¡≈Á¥¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°æ—π∏ÿå¢â“«ÀÕ¡¡–≈‘¡“‡ªìπ«—µ∂ÿ¥‘∫º ¡‡»…‰¡â∫â“ß·≈â« ª√“°Ø«à“ ‰¥â√—∫º≈µÕ∫√—∫®“°≈Ÿ°§â“¥’ µàÕ‰ª®–π”À≠â“·Ω° ·≈–æ◊™Õ¬à“ß‡ª≈◊Õ°∑ÿ‡√’¬π ¡—ß§ÿ¥„∫¡–¡à«ß ¡“‡ªìπ«—µ∂ÿ¥‘∫µàÕ‰ªé

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Turn tree and leaf residues-waste into money and gold ...By Somphit Paijer

As the community of Tambon Pabong, Saraphi District, Chiengmai Province earns a living through

handicraft or carving, the unusable wood residues are generated. To dispose of them, these residues are burnt,

which is not only worthless, but also causes the pollution. Ajarn Charnsak Chanunchana, therefore, has

originated the idea of reusing these residues to transform them into new beautiful peculiar products such as

tables and chairs and formed the project of çTransforming Wood Residuesé by forming the team of product

creation, which includes villagers of the community, the academicians, and designers to help create new

products.

The process of producing products from waste starts by dividing the wood residues or vegetation residues

into small pieces before exposing them in the sunlight until they become dry with only 5% of moisture. Then,

divide the dry-digested wood residues into pieces again for better refinement. However, it depends on how

much refined the product is.

After you have got the wood residues that were undergone the process of decomposition until they are

refined as required, then weigh the dry residues to find the proper proportion between the wood residue and

the adhesives which have the features of combining the wood residues together. Once getting the right

proportion, then they are brought to undergo the pressing process; the dry-refine wood residues and adhesives

you prepares are put inside a mould according to the size of the block. Then, take it out of the mould and

use Mai-La, a plastic stick which prevents the affix between the wood and the metal base, to insert on top and

bottom of the refined residues before pressing the board. The different patterns needed for decoration must be

done before the pressing process, so there is no need to decorate it later. The pressure is 12,000 kilogram or

12 tons at the temperature of 120-150 degree Celsius. The pressing process takes 5 minutes so that the heat

is spreading to wood panel and causes chemical reaction before becoming solid. Then, take it out of the

mould. A piece of work is obtained as required. Then, you can make it round or square as desired and for the

last step coat its texture with the same color before it was undergone the pressing process. Ajarn Charnsak said

that

çThough the raw materials are not invested, the Thai society does not perceive its value. Very few people

buy them. Some customers admire them but some just walk past. When I told some customers that the

products are made of wood residues, they then think over and over again whether or not they want to buy

them. This is quite contrast to Europe where they are promoting the reuse of material residues to create new

products. However, a fast process is still needed for entering into the commercialized process and more models

are produced and have better color and colorful textures. Now the seeds of jasmine rice are used to mix with

wood residues. It turns out to be a very welcoming product to customers. Later, Bermuda grass and such plants

as the outers of durian, mangoes teen, and mangoÕs leaves are used as raw materials.é

Matichon, page 23, Column Business of Interest, dated 5/11/05

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Lampong Chomim

Donût question the above title as this is true !!

As todayûs world is threatened by the waste pollution which is difficult to

decompose, but they are non-degradable waste such as plastic, glass, foam, etc.

Where have such wastes gone? Are they flooded the world? They are worrying

questions and thoughtful at the same time. You realize that nowadays someone

has utilized these non-degradable wastes. They are reused into future-board air-

craft, hover-craft boat (controlling-boat for kids) and spaceship. Ajarn Lampong

Chomim, Huahin Pittayakhom school, Prachuabkirikhan province, told about the above project, which belongs

to Huahin Pittayakhom school, that the hard to decompose wastes such as gallon of auto lubricating oil, and

plastic are reused to be future-board aircraft, hover-craft boat or spaceship.

çThe current situation is the gallons of auto lubricating oil become disgusting wastes, no matter where they

are, in the river or on the ground, growing into the germ-culture site, and the disposal process of burning

causes air pollution, harmful to respiratory system of the living creatures. As I like to invent aircraft since I was

a kid, at the beginning I used a wooden stick (Mai-Noon) to be tied with a rope, pulling it along the road or

hanging it for pleasure. Once seeing these junk, I then try to figure out how to utilize themé

çAs I see from the foreign aircraft, it inspires me to make my own aircraft. So I started with using the future

board to be invented to be a glider, driven by hand. Then it was further developed to be a small-sized airplane

with the rc. twin motor to take off. Then I brought the project into where I am teaching and organized the

Inventing Gadget club. Then, I opened up a supplementary science course for Matthayom 1 and a science

course for Matthayom 2. Then, it becomes so popular that the occupation project for students who have

special skills was implemented, called çconservative environmental planeé the invention of çconservative

environmental plane,é which uses cheap and easy to find materials, particularly the future board, the bottle of

half-gallon lubricating oil, 10-millimeter PVC tube, 3/8é camp for water pipe, 4é cable and 8é wire, 12é

barbecue stick, and a balloon straw. For the motor part, we use 2 of 180-motors, 2 of 108-rotors, 1 set of

Falcon controlling cycle, 1 remote control, and 1 of 7.2 volts battery with 6 cells. Once completely assembled,

the cost is about 1,300 baht and it can fly as high as 100-200 meters and its quality lies in that it is difficult to

break apart when colliding, falling, or bumping.é

The conservative environmental plane of Lampong is under process of becoming OTOP patented product

of Huahin Pittayakhom school soon for distribution. The conservative environmental plane encourages the

children to spend their leisure time wisely, away from drugs, understanding of the principles of air, knowing how

to set up hypothesis, testing, solving the problem using scientific approach, the introductory of physics, and

more important revive the use of useless waste to become useful

Reused çWorthless Wasteé into conservative environmental aircraftMatichon, page 33, dated 18/10/05

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Spell a Cast on Litter into GoldOld Tires are not dumpedCut them up and turn to tables and chairsBe set of furniture friends admiredHow durable they are exposed in the sunand rain

How to invent piles of chicken bonesInto something much valuableImaginatively row each oneBecoming a model as desired.

Bunches of newspapers all overElephant, Monkey, Tiger Puppets are madeA chic name called Paper MacheTo keep assorted items

From what one sees as worthless rubbishConvert them into something newArdently create them artisticCast a spell on litter to become gold.

‚¥¬...Suthep Aoktom

Spell a Cast on Litter into Gold

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