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!M?EAUAN 5C@ !HM1!SN5N II

27L 8I( 7 2/L #G&;L & 27 G#8I 76 )6: I 'L2= L' 8':7G4.7> '# '"I 24L #&)72&%&(2=' #'+ "7):7%7.#80+ (6R024(4+ " [1978, (&% .116].

H')I%7 "76 7 Feyerabend G$O&2'# 2#+ :$(+ 276 Popper I2# 7# :&/)=&+ &=L'# G#'Q&>(#&+6 IO# I /+ &"#P&P'#;(#&+, I2# 7# :&/)4 -2#87= 8'# "')'24)4(#'87= I)7# &=L'# &"#P')6 $L7# '"I :&/)=' 8'# I2# 4 '>(4 [nov:&/)#;L ] (O&G#*R7L2'L ")*. '2# .#' L' G&= G#'37)&2#8I '4#(1%)5 ' [1978, (&% . 144]. N '%%'.0 73&=%&2'# (& #' (6R024(4 "76 $#O' & 27L 8':4.420 von Weizsaecker (& $L' (L*)#7 (27 E P7>).7 27 1965:C 8': . von Weizsaecker $G/(& #' %&"27&)0 "&)#.)'30 24+ &)4L&='+ 24+ -7"&. -O*.4+ 8'# $G%7.7# 8# 'L 3'=L7L2'# (27L G#8I 24+ S7.#80+ 0 27 3#%I(737 "76 276+ (8$3248& (24L '"7 IL/(4 276 .)'3&=76 276. -'LIL&+ 8'# '"'#20(+ ")$" L' &%$.O7L2'# & $)&6L' 8# IO# & 24L ")7(36.0 (& :&/)=&+ 24+ 7):7%7.#8I242'+ [1978, (&% . 1(7].

8. Italo Calvino, Le citta invisibili. '..%#80 &2*3)'(4 Weaver. Invisible cities.Picador, London, 1979, (&% . 51.


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(6L=(2'2'# (24L 8)#2#80 '"72= 4(4 #'+ &")#80+ *"7Q4+ , 24L '"78'%&= )#R#8I &")#(I , 8'# 8'2I"#L (24 O)4(#7"7=4(4 2/L '"72&%&(*2/L 24+ 8)#2#80+ 276 .#' 24L &G)'=/(4 24+ G#80+ 276 &L'%%'82#80+ "&)#.)'30+ 24+ &"#(247L#80+ (8$Q4+ (#' (>L274 8'# 8'2'L7420 "')76(='(4 24+ 3#%7(73='+ 276 '620+ 24+ "&)#IG76 6"*)O (27 [1963]). 1& 27L I)7 )#R#8I+ &")#(I+ 7 Feyerabend &LL7&= 8*:& *"7Q4 "76 "&)#$O 24 :$(4 I2# &3I(7L #' :&/)=' $O &"#86)/:&= (& 8*"7#' "&)#7O0 4 :&/)=' '620 ")$" L' G#'24)4:&= $O)# L' 'L'#)&:&= 0 L' G#'.)'37>L 2' I)#' 24+ '"I 8*"7#' L$' .&.7LI2' . N G#'20)4(4 24+ :&/)='+ &"&)#$O #' '"'.I)&6(4 (6.8)I24(4+ 0 'L*"26 276 &=G76+ '"'#2&= %7#"IL '"I 24L

&"#(204 L' '627"&)#7)=R&2'# (24 O)0(4 &LI+ IL7 (6LI%76 ' 7#P'=' (6L&";L :&/)#;L 8'# '"'.7)&> 24L 2'62IO)7L4 O)4(#7"7=4(4 ' 7#P'=' '(6L&";L :&/)#;L . C Feyerabend 'L2#:$2/+ G#8'#;L #' 2$27#' O)4(#7"7=4(4 '(6L&";L &2' 276+ :&/)#;L 8'# 24L 8'%&= :&/)42#8I "%76)'%#( I [1965 a, (&% . 148-49].

C (>.O)7L7+ )#R#8I+ &")#(I+ :$2, 8'2* 27L Feyerabend, G>7 "&)#7)#(2#8$+ (6L:08&+ (24L &"#(247L#80 :&/)42#80 (8$Q4 : L2 5-9*&.2 (23 5-914)/'3 8'# 24 5-9*&.2 (23 5('*)"+(2('3 (#- 9#& '(#3 . ?24L ")'. '2#8I242' , 7# (6L:08&+ '62$+ G&L "%4)7>L2'# 8'2* 2#+ &.*%&+ &"#(247L#8$+ 'L'8'%>Q+. ?24L ")* 4 :&/)=' 24+ 'L'./.0+ 7>2& 7# L$&+ :&/)=&+ &L 2#+ "'%#$+ I"/+ 6"72=:&2'# '"I 27 ")I26"7 276 8'%6"24)=76 LI76 9. C# (6L:08&+ '62$+ G&L #(O>76L .#' I(&+ &"#(247L#8$+ :&/)=&+ &=L'# 8*2# "&)#((I2&)7 '"I '"%$+ &")#8$+ .&L#8&>(+ [1962].

9. 9&+ C. Hempel. Aspects of Scientific Explanation and Other Essays in thePhi-imophyof Science, New York, 1965, (&% . 346-7. A#' 27 "')'./.#8I - L77%7.#8I ")I26"7 , 0 '"7GR#8I ")I26"7 & G&+ #G#'#2$)/+ 2#+ (&%=G&+ 214-19 276 =G#76 P#P%=76. 1& 24L &68'#)=' '620 :* ':&%' L' 'L'3$)/ "I(7 O)0(#7 (2*:48& 27 P#P%=7 '62I , I"/+ 8'# 4 &2'3)'(2#80 G76%* 276 (6..)'3$' , (27 =&8':*)#( ' 8*"7#/L &%%4L#8;L 3#%7(73#8;L I)/L .


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57 ";+ P%$" %7#"IL 8*"7#7+ 27L 8I( 7 &(' & L' "7> & I2# '8I ' 8# '62I "76 :&/)7> & (& 8*"7#' G&G7$L4 (2#. 0 /+ 3>(4 &=L'# (# ,/.+ '3 4"#@+9 , & 24L $LL7#' I2# I%' 2' O')'824)#(2#8* (27#O&=' "76 276 '"7G=G7L2'# $O76L ")74.76 $-

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' C2'L 4 6"I $%&.O7 :&/)=' 8'# 4 &L'%%'82#80 $O76L 8*"7#&+ 87#L$+ "')'24)4(#'8$+ ")72*(+, 2I2& &=L'# G6L'2I L' ")'. ' -27"7#4:&= $L' '"73'(#(2#8I "&=)' ' "76 L' 8':7)=R 24L &"#%7.0 'L* &(' (2#+ G>7. 1"7)&= I /+ 7# &L'%%'82#8$+ :&/)=&+ L' 4L $O76L 8' #* 87#L0 "')'24)4(#'80 $8:&(4 & 24L 6"I $%&.O7 :&/ -)=' . !=L'# ('3$+ I2# 2;)' &=L'# 'G>L'27 $L' '"73'(#(2#8I "&=)' -' ... G#I2# G&L 6"*)O .&L#8;+ '"7G&820 4"+('52 #8'L0 L' &83)* -( 72#G0"72& ")78>"2 '"I 24L "')'20)4(4 14 [1965a, (&% . 214].5$27#&+ :&/)=&+ &=L'# '5: )(")3 & 24L $LL7#' I[# 27 LI4 ' 2/L 86)=/L "&)#.)'3#8;L I)/L 276+ & '(:&L0+ %$ 7 Suppe (27 [Suppe 1979,(&% . 640], &L; oShapere (27 [Shapere 1966, (&% . 38-52] 6"7(24)=R I2# 4 ")7Y"I:&(4 24+ 87#L0+ (6L2'82#80+ .%;(('+ &=L'# '(6 P=P'(24 & 2#+ P$(+ 276 =G#76 276 Feyerabend .#' 24L '(6 &2)I242' .


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15. 5' 8&=&L' 276 Feyerabend [I965] 8'# [1965b] &=L'# '"'L20(+ (& 8)#2#8$+ 24+ "&)#IG76 '620+ .

16. "76 G&L 276+ '"$36.& 7>2& 7 Kuhn. ?24L ('./.0 76 '620 G& :=.7L2'# 8' -:I%76 7# (O$(+ Feyerabend-Kuhn. C =G#7+ 7 Feyerabend 'L'.L/)=R , "')I%&+ 2#+ G#'3/L=&+ 276 I2# O)/(2* "7%%* (2#+ (6R420(+ "76 &=O& & 27L Kuhn I2'L 8'# 7# G>7 (27 1960-61) 02'L 'R= (27 3#%7(73#8I 20' 276 Berkeley: U3&%0:48' "*)' "7%> '"I 2#+ (6R420(+ '62$+ 8'# '"I 2I2& *)O#(' L' P%$"/ 24L &"#(204 & L$7 2)I"7 [1970a, (&% . 197]. C Kuhn '+ &


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Q&/L 24+ &"#(247L#80+ 87#LI242'+ " 4 &)4L&=' 276 8'2'%0. (& $L'L 4%&"2 5Q)(/./5 +.

C Feyerabend ')L&=2'# 276+ O')'824)#( 7>+ '627>+ ('L 8'# IO# '"I%62' 27L 2&%&62'=717). NG4 27 1963 $.)'3& : L' &=L'# 8*"7#7+ 8'%I+

&")#(20+ (4 '=L L' '(8&= 8)#2#80, 24L 7"7=' L' P'(=R +Q/ '4%G3 5(29 'D2"2 192 '"Q& (#- 5.)4(/./5 #: [4 $3'(4 G#80 76 , A.A.] '%%* "*L/ (& 5-8.)."/ 19)3 4"#( [Gellner. Br. Jour , for the Phil. ofSc, 2I 7+ 26, 1975, (&% . 336]. 1&2*

27 1970 2$27#7# O')'824)#( 7= &=L'# '"I 276+ "#7 0"#76+ 8'# (6L7G&>7L2'# '"I P='#&+ ")7(/"#8$+ &"#:$(+V 'L*%7.&+ &=L'# 8'# "7%%$+ '"'L20(+ 276 Feyerabend.18. F* ':&%' L' &6O')#(20(/ 27L SI4 H'"'GI"76%7 "76 (& 'L>"7"27 O)IL7 (")#L

2$((&)' 0 "&)#((I2&)' O)IL#' ), 76 $G/(& $L' "7%6.)'34 $L7 'L2=.)'37 -4; 7#%='+ '620+ 276 Feyerabend (27 Open University 276 S7LG=L76.

19. 9&L "7); L' '"73>./ 27L ")'( I L' 'L'3$)/ (27 (4 &=7 '62I %=.&+ 3)*(+ '"I $L' G#0.4' "76 G#*P'(' ")I(3'2' : C# 3#%I(737# $O76L 8*"/+ "')*%7.&+ '"'#20(+ . H&)#$L76L '"I $L' ")I(/"7 L' &=L'# #8'LI L' 'L'%> 8'# L' '"72# * 2' "7%6"7=8#%' &)&:=('2' "76 G$O&2'# '"I 27L 8I( 7 8'# 27L &'62I 276V L' 2'


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$L' '"73'(#(2#8I 8'# ('30 G#'O/)#( I 'L* &(' (27L &'62I 276 8'# 27 "&)#P*% -%7L 276, '%%* (6.O)IL/+ L' $O "%0)4 (6L&=G4(4 24+ 76(#'(2#80+ 276+ &LI242'+.H)$" L' &82#* 2' 3'#LI &L' (& (O$(4 & 2#+ @Q4%$+ EL&+. ?> 3/L7# . E%%* 7#*R %=.7 *G#87 [Eila Pennanen, "Arska", &2*-3)'(4 '"I 2' 3#%%'LG#8* David Barrett, Books From Finland, 2&>O7+ 3, Helsinki.1982, (&% . 99].

20. halo Calvino, I ." ., (&% . 32.21. 9&+ [1970]. ?27 8&=&L7 '62I , "76 7 =G#7+ O')'824)=R ");# 4 &8G7O0

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276+, &L; 27 *%%7 8'%>"2 2#+ 26"#8$+ 276 "%&6)$+ "=(/ '"I #' &.*%4 "7#8#%=' &"76(#/G;L #G#7202/L [1978, (&% . 25-26].

?6.O)IL/+ & '620 24 G#'%&82#80 8'2&>:6L(4 24+ 8)#2#80+, '8I ' 8'# (2' ");2' 276 .)'"2* 22, 6"7(24)=R I2# #' (>.8)76(4 'L* &(' (& #' :&/)42#80 ")IP%&Q4 8'# #' '"7G&820 "')' -24)4(#'80 ")I2'(4 (4 '=L I2# =' '"I 2#+ G>7, 0 4 :&/)=' 0 4 '"7G&820 "')'24)4(#'80 ")I2'(4 (I"/+ &)4L&>&2'# '"I 24 :&/)=' ) &=L'# %*:7+. N '(6 3/L=' :&/)42#80+ ")IP%&Q4+-"')' -20)4(4+ G&L G#'Q&>G 'L'.8'(2#8* 24 :&/)=' ("76 (4 '=L I2# 4 ")'82#80 276 "7%%'"%'(#'( 7> 2/L :&/)#;L , 276 &%$.O76 276+ 8'# 24+ '"I))#Q4+ &8&=L/L "76 G& (6 3/L7>L & 24L "')'20)4(4 G&L &=L'# '"')'=2427 L' 2&=L76L (& $L' '"7G&82I (; ' '%4:;L :&/)#;L [Suppe, 1979, (&% . 641]). \*OL %7#"IL (24L

#(27)=' 24+ &"#(204+ 8'# P)=(8 "&)#"2;(+ I"76 7# &"#(207L&+ 6"&-)'("=(248'L 8'# G#'20)4('L :&/)=&+ "')I%&+ 2#+ 'L2=:&2&+ &LG&=-:" ; 24+ "')'20)4(4+ , G&L 6"*)O 7>2& $L'+ [&:7G7%7.#8I+] 8'LIL'+ , I(7 '%4:73'L0+ 8'# (2$)&' P'(#( $L7+ (24L &"#(247-

22. H')I%7 "76 (27 [1962, (&% . 29-30] "7)&= L' P) 8'L&=+ '8I ' 24L *"7Q4 72# 4 (>.8)76(4 &2' :&/)42#8;L ")7P%$Q&/L 8'# '"7G&82;L "7)'24)4(#'8;L ")72*(&/L G#'Q&>G 24 :&/)=' 8'# &"7$L/+ 7 "7%%'"%'(#'( I+ :&/)#;L 8'# 4 78 /##/" ,"#I242' 2&=L76L ")7+ 24L '%0:' .


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")7(/"#87> .7>(276 , &2'36(#8;L ")78'2'%0Q&/L , :)4(8&62#8;L &"#:6#;L , & %=.' %I.#' , '-(+ 4#- '4# 19)/ )E9'/ #/ -4#.)/ )9/.13 '3 )4/*- E)3 26 [1975, (&% . 285]. N &"#(204 &=L'# #' "L&6'2#80 "&)#"$2' "76 G&L $O I)#' 8'# G&L 'L'.L/)=R 8'LIL&+, 7>2& 8'L 276+ 8'LIL&+ 24+ %7.#80+ [1975, (&% . 182]. -'# 7# "#7 "&26O4$L&+ '8I ' &"#(247L#8$+ 'L'R420(+ "72$ G&L ")7O;)4('L (> 3/L' & 24L 7):7%7.#80 $:7G7. N &"#26O=' 276 Galileo (24L 6"&)*("#(4 24+ -7"&)L=8'+ *"7Q4+ G&L 73%I2'L (& 8*"7#' 7):7%7.#8* &"#O)0'2' ,'%%* (& $L' &=.' 2&OL'(*2/L , )427)&='+ 8'# ")7"'.*LG'+ . C# 8'LIL&+ 8'# 2' 8)#20)#' "76 7# 3#%I(737# 8'# 7# &"#(207L&+ :&/)7>L 76(#;G4 (27#O&=' 24+ 7):7%7.#8I242'+ IO# IL7 "')'P#*(248'L ( ' I%&+ 2#+ "&)#"2;(+ ( " .O . -7"&)L=8' &"'L*(2'(4 , 8#L42#80 :&/)=' , .$LL&(4

24+ 8P'L27 4O'L#80+) '%%*, 7# "#7 7 & .#' 24L $)&6L' &=L'# &"7$L/+ I2#: I%' &"#2)$"7L2'# [1978, (&% . 39]. -'# G#&68)#L=R: N 3)*(4 "I%' &"#2)$"7L2'#" ,)9 &=L'# 4 #' 8'# IL4 "')O0 " #'+ L$'+ &:7G7%7.='+ "76 ")72&=L&2'# '"I $L' . !=L'# 7 IL7+ 2)I"7+ & 27L 7"7=7, I(7# G&(&>7L2'# '"I 7#876&L#8* 8)#20)#' 8'# :$%76L L' (6%%*P76L 24L #(27)=' ' '627>+ 276+ I)76+ , "7)7>L L' "&)#.)*Q76L 24 G#80 76 ")7($..#(4 ... EL 4 ")7($..#(4 '620 &=L'# (/(20 , 2I2& 27 IL7 "76 "7)&= L' " $L'+ #"*#%#8/5(&3 .#' 24L &"#(204... &=L'# I2# I%' &"#2)$"7L2'# [1978, (&% . 39-40]. -'L$L' (>(24 ' 8'LIL/L G&L &=L'# "72$ '(3'%$+ 8'# 7 &"#(207L'+ "76 ")7O/)* (27 *.L/(27 ")$" L' "')'P#*R 8*:& 2$27#7 (>(24 ' , 7(7G0"72& "7):7%7.#8I ". E62I &=L'# 27 "7%I LI4 ' 24+

26. 8'# (6L&O=R: 4 &"#(204 (24L "#7 ")7O/)4 $L4 8'# .&L#80 24+ 7)30 &"#(2)$3 (27 *277 24L &%&6:&)=' "76 O*L I2'L ($)O&2'# (2' "#7 "&R* 24+ $)4VV [1975. (&% . 285].


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3)*(4+ "I%' &"#2)$"7L2'#" 27 ('"*L24(4 (276+ Curthoys 8'# Suchting [1978, (&% . 165]).

9& :* ' :&%' L' &"#&=L/ "&)#((I2&)7 "*L/ (27 (4 &=7 '62I 8'# .&L#8I2&)' (27 &:7G7%7.#8I 0 )4/5(2 #%#8/.+ '9'"Q/5 + 276 Feyerabend. F* ' :&%' 7L*O' L' 'L'3$)/ '8I ' &)#8$+ G#&68)#- L0(+ "76 G=L 7 =G#7+ (27 &"I&L7 P#P%=7 276 [1978]. H)I8'# .#' G#&68)#L0(+ "76 &L6"*)O76L 0G4 (8'# &83)*R7L2'# *&(' 0 $&(' ) (27 [1975] '%%* 7# 7"7=&+, I"/+ 3'=L&2'# '"I 2#+ 8)#2#8$+ "76 '87%7>:4('L , "$)'('L '"')'20)42&+ .

C '"%7X8I+ 'L')O#8I+ 6"7(24)=R I2# (' ) 8'# 7# '"I%627# 8'LIL&+ 8'# 7# &


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'"73*(#('L 0G4 6"$) 8*"7#'+ #G&7%7.='+ 0 24L '"7G$O248'L O/ -)=+ "72$ L' &L 2' &"IG#' "76 P*R76L 7# G#'L77>&L7# 8'# 7# G#87= (& 8*:& G#'37)&2#80 '"I 24 G#80 276+ "')*G7(4 [ 9&L ")$" L' + . C &"#(207L'+ "&)#7)=R&2'# &"=(4+ '"I 2#+ G6L'2I242&+ 2/L 7).*L/L 276, 2' G#':$(# ' O)0'2' , 24L & &LG#'3$)7L *):)7 276 K. -*%3' , !"# -(20 4 8'# 962#8I+ H7%#2#(I+, I:8Q"#9' *1 '(' , 2&>O7+ 15, ?&"2$P)#7+ 1982,(&% . 62.

30. ?2' I(' 7 Feyerabend 6"7(24)=R .#' 27 &2'3#&($L7 'L')O#( I 276

Lakatos ( "')$O ."/(&"/' "76 P74:7>L 27L &"#(207L' L' &82#0( 24L #(27)#80 8'2*(2'(4 $(' (24L 7"7=' "'=)L 2#+ '"73*(+ 276V G&L "&)#$O I /+ .'9+9)3 "76 L' 276 8':7)=R76L 2# L' 8*L [1975, (&% . 196]) :* ' :&%' L' ")7(:$(/ (' ) #' "')'20)4(4 276 Laudan: E"I 24 #' &)#* [7 Lakatos] &"#$L I2# 7 'G#*Q&6(27+ (8%4)I+ "6)0L'+ #'+ :&/)='+ &=L'# $L' '"I 2' 8&L2)#8* O')'824)#(2#8* &LI+ &)&6L42#87> ")7.)* '27+ '"I 24L $L') ")7.)* '27+ 2I2& ";+ .L/)=R76L 7# &"#(207L&+ 2= L' G#'24)7>L I2'L $)O7L2'# 'L2#$2/O7# & #' 'L/ '%=' ; [Laudan, 1978, (&% . 232, (4 &=/(4 18] 8'# (P) #' 3)*(4 276 !%>24:1#' L77:&(=' &L2&%;+ *O)4(24 .#' 2#+ &


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87#L/L='+ [1978, (&% . 7]. !"&82&=L %7#"IL 24L 8)#2#80'276, "$)' '"I 27 ")IP%4 ' 2/L

&"#(247L#8;L 8'LIL/L 8'# &:IG/L , (24L 87#L/L#80 %).=' 8'# 24L 8'2&>:6L(4 "76 $O "*) 4 &"#(204 (0 &)' (86)=/+ (27 G&>2&)7 $)7+ 276 [1978] 31) 8'# G#'8#LG6L&> 8*"7#&+ ")72*(+ .#' 87#L/L#80 G)*(4 32. H)I8'# , 6"7(24)=R, .#' '627* 6L' G#I2# 7# &"#(207L&+ G& $L76L &6O')#(24$L7# "'=R7L2'+ (27 G#8I 276+ O;)7 (> 3/L' ' '627>+ "76 :&/)7>L 8'LIL&+ 24+ &"#(247L#80+ &:IG76, '%%* :$%76L L' .&L#8&>(76L 276+ 8'LIL&+ '627>+ (& 7#876&L#8I &"="&G7, L' 276+ &"&82&=L76L (24L &6)>2&)4 87#L/L=' , 8'# .#' L' "&2>O76L 276+ (87"7>+ 276+ O)4(#-7"7#7>L 8*:& $(7 "76 G#':$276L &"#O)0'2' , ")7"'.*LG' ,

"#$(+, &837P#(I , "')'(84L#8$+ &L$).&+ [1975, (&% . 220].E62I "76 ")*. '2# ")72&=L/ %$ 7 Feyerabend, &=L'# L' (6L&-

310 Feyerabend ")72# * 24 (4 'L2#8* G#'37)&2#80 .&)'L#80 $8G7(4 276 P#P%=76 '627> : Erkenntnis fuer Freie Menshen, Frankfurt, 1981.

32. To 1964-5, I2'L .#' ");24 37)* 7# #G$&+ '62$+ "08'L (27 6'%I 76 ")7("*:4(' L' P)/ #' *)?"2(/.& '"*L24(4 (276+ 3IP76+ 76 - :&;)4(' G&G7$L7 I2# &(' G6L'2I $L' L$7 &=G7+ &8"'=G&6(4+ "76 :' 'L2%7>(& '"I #' "%7>(#' G& & $L' *1'("# #G&;L I"/+ 27 3'L2*(248'L 7 Piscator 8'# 7 Brecht 8'# :' 7G4.7>(& (24L 'L*"26.'2' /+ "')7G#8* , "&)#7)#( $L' 8'# 4"#5?4/.< , 8'# 8*:& '%0:' /+ ,2 /#:" -

82 ' 24+ '.*"4+ '+ .#' '620 8# IO# /+ 8*2# "76 '+ "')$O&2'# , :' ")7%'P'=L' & 27L &836%#(I 2/L 8*"72& "7%%* 6"7(OI &L/L "')' 6:#;L (8&32I 76L &"=(4+ I2# :' $")&"& L' 'L'"2>(+ .#' 'L:);"76+ & 276+ 7"7=76+ G& 7#-. *.&2'# 24 R/0 276+ 8'# G& .L/)=R 2' ")7P%0 '2' 276+. !=L'# 'L74(=' L' :&/)&= I2# #' 2$27#' *(84(4 'L:)/"#( 7> &< '"7(2*(&/+ :' $O &6O*)#(2' '"72&%$('2' .#' I(76+ '37)* . N *"7Q4 76... "')$ &L& #' )*+,- , #' 8':')0 3'L2'(=/(4 "76 &=O' &"#L70( 8'# ")7("':7>(' L' "76%0(/ O/)=+ L' $O/ 7#)'(2&= 7>2& $L' 87'2*8# 24+ R/0+ '62;L ")7+ 276+ 7"7=76+ '"&6:>L&2'# .E62I 27 :&/); (0 &)' 'L6"I37)4 $"')(4 [1978, (&% . 119-21].


26/368


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0 (I"/+ 7 F. Suppe) I2# 7# '"IQ+ 276 Feyerabend O*L76L "%$7L 8'# 24L 7"7#'G0"72& (4 '(=' 8'# &"=G)'(4 &=O'L 8*"72& (24 3#%7(73=' 24+ &"#(204+,

:* ':&%' '"%;+ L' (6(20(/ L' O)4(2' /+ (6L:0 --'2' , .#' L' .&=(76L ' '62* $L' "&)#((I2&)7 0 %#.I2&)7 6"')82I :&/)42#8I 8&LI :* ' :&%' L' &"#(4*L/ O)4(#7"7#;L2'+ %I.#' 276 =G#76 276 Feyerabend I2# 7# &"#%7.$+ :' ")$" L' &=L'#. 27 '"72$%&( ' (6LG420+ '"I3'(4+ "76 P'(=R&2'# (& #' "7%> #8'L7"7#42#80 .L;(4 2/L &L'%%'82#8;L '"IQ&/L [1975, (&% .218] 8'# I2# .#' L' .=L 8'L&=+ &2'))6: #(20+ G&L &=L'# ')8&2I

L' $O 8'%$+ ")7:$(+ , ")$" L' .L/)=R 8'# %=.' ")*. '2' , L' "7)&= L' (6LG6*R 24L 8':')0 :&/)=' & (6.8&8)# $L' .&.7LI2' 8'# , "*L/ '"I I%' , L' ($P&2'# 276+ 'L:);"76+ , (6 "&)#%'-P'L7 $L/L 8'# I(/L $O76L 'L2=:&24 *"7Q4 . 10"/+ 4 4%#:#I242' "'> L' &=L'# 4%#:#I242' I2'L O')'824)=R 2#+ ")*:4('L '"I "7%> 87L2* 2' .&.7LI2' 2/L 2&%&62'=/L &2;L (2' H'L&"#(20 #' ( '%%* 8'# $2&)' '"I $L' 24L '"*L24(4 .

.!/#012 ."1345(#16782 +"5/9#!12 1982

33= 5' %I.#' '62* O)4(#7"7#&= 7 Feyerabend (27 [1975, (&% . 161] .#' 27$).( 276 Galileo. ( H)7+ F&7>! 9&L 8*L/ 8'L$L' "')'%%4%#( I 0 (>.8)#(4 , 8%$P/ '"%; : 24L $83)'(4 &L4 L' 76 (2&=% 7 =G#7+ '"I 24L E..%=' , $32'(& I2'L 4 (' -' ft] 76 02'L 0G4 (27 "#&(20)#7 8# $2(# G&L "I)&(' L' &8 &2'%%&62; 2#+ /4+O'3 276 "76 *%%/(2& G&L

'"$O76L , L7=R/, '"I 2#+ G#8$+ 76. 2 H7%> ').* &"=(4+ 'L2#%03248' 24L >"')


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T>TA>M7VFW>F (9&L "&)#$O7L2'# I(' $).' 'L'3$):48'L 0G4 'L'%62#8* (27 8&=&L7)

Feyerabend P. 1958. "An Attempt at a Realistic Interpretation of Experience", Pro-

ceedings of the Aristotelian Society, New Ser. 58, 143-170.

1960. "Professor Bohm's Philosophic of Nature", British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 10, 321-338.

1962. "Explanation, Reduction, and Empiricism", Minnesota Studies inthe Philosophy of Science, &"#. Feigl 8'# Maxwell, 2I7+ III, Minneapolis, 28-97.

1962a. "Problems of Microphysics", Frontiers of Science and Philosophy.&"#. Colodny, Pittsburg, 189-283.

1963. "How to be a Good Empiricist A Plea for Tolerance in MattersEpistemological", Philosophy of Science. The Delaware Seminar,)4/ . Baumrin, 2I 7+ II, New York, 3-40. C# 'L'37)$+ 76 &=L'# '"I 24L 'L'G4 7(=&6(4 276 (27 The Philosophy of Science, &"#,

Nidditch, Oxford, 4 4 $8G7(4 , 1977, 12-39.

1963a. -)#2#80 276 P#P%=76 276 Hanson The Concept of the Positron: A Philosophical Analysis, Philosophical Review, 73, 264-266.

1964. "Realism and Instrumentalism Comments on the Logic ofFactual Support", The Critical Approach to Science and Philoso-

phy, &"#. Bunge, 280-308.

1965. "On the Meaning of Scientific Terms", Journal of Philosophy, 62,266-274.

1965a. "Problems of Empiricism", Beyond the Edge of Certainty, &"#.Colodny, New York, 145-260.

1965b. "Reply to Criticism", Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science,&"#. Cohen 8'# Wartofsky, 2I 7+ II, New York, 223-261.

1968-69. "On a Recent Critique of Complementarity", Philosophy of Sci-ence, 35, 309-331 8'# 36. 82-105.

1969. "Linguistic Arguments and Scientific Method", Telos. 3. 43-63. 1969a. "A Note on Two "Problems" oi I nd uct ion" , Br it i sh J our nal f or t he Philosophy of Science, 19, 251-3.


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! ) !M?EAUAN 5C@ !HM1!SN5N

1970. "Against Method: Outline of an Anarchistic Theory of Knowledge", Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, &"#. Radner 8'# Winokur, 2I 7+ IV, Minneapolis, 17-130.

1970a. "Consolations for the Specialist", Criticism and the Growth of

Knowledge, &"#. Lakatos 8'# Musgrave, Cambridge, 197-230. 1970b. "Problems of Empiricism, Part II", The Nature and Function of Scientific

Theories, )4/ . Colodny, Pittsburgh. 1973. Theses on Anarchism 1973, Open University, 8 1')2=76 . 1975. Against Method. London. C# 'L'37)$+ &=L'# '"I 27 Verso edition

1978. 1975a. "How to Defend Society Against Science"', RadicalPhilosophy, 2, 4-8. C#

'L'37)$+ &=L'# '"I 24 L 'L'G4 7(=&6(4 276 (27 Scientific Revolutions,&"#. Hacking, Oxford, 1981, 156-67.

1975b. -)#2#80 276 Objective Knowledge, Inquiry, 17. 1976. "On the Critique of Scientific Reason", Method and Apraisalin the

Physical Sciences, &"#. Howson, Cambridge, 309-339. 1978. Science in a Free Society, London.

1979. "Dialogue on Method", The Structure and Development of Science, &"#.Radnitzky 8'# Andersson, Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science,2I 7+ LIX, 63-131.

1981. Philosophical Papers, 2I 7+ I: Rationalism and Scientific Method2I 7+ II: Problems of Empiricism, Cambridge.

198 la. "More clothes for the Emperor's Bargain. Basement", British Journal forthe Philosophy of Science, 32, 57-70.

Achinstein P. 1964. "On the Meaning of Scientific Terms", Journal of Philosophy, 61, 475-510.

Andersson G. 1979. "Presuppositions, Problems, Progress", The Structure and Development of

Science, Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, 2I 7+ LIX, 3-15. Chalmers A. 1982. What is this thing called Science?, G&>2&)4 $8G7(4 , Queensland.

1 akatos I. 1970. "Falsification and the Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes",

Criticism and the Growth of Know/edge, &"#. Lakatos 8'# Musgrave,Cambridge, 91-196. C# 'L'37)$+ 76 &=L'# '"I 24L 'L'G4 7(=&6(4 276 (27 [Lakatos 1980], 8-101.


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berger {Centre la methode, Editions du Seuil, Paris, 1979).

9&L 8$L76 :' 8'2'3$) L' &2'3$) 27 &%%4L#8I 8&=&L7 (27L 'L'.L;(24 . C %I.7+ 276 Feyerabend, '8)7"&)=7G7+ 8'# "7%%$+ 37)$+ #G#/'2#8I+ , "%7>(#7+ (& 3#%7(73#87>+ I)76+ , L&7%7.#-( 7>+, '%%* 8'# 8':4 &)#L$+ &83)*(+, &=L'# *%%7L G6(87%I-&2*3)'(27+ ('62I G&L &=L'# 36(#8* G#8'#7%7.=').

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F$%/ L' &6O')#(20(/ 27L -;(2' A'P)I.%76 & 27L 7"7=7 (6R024(' 8*"7#' G6(LI42' (4 &=' 276 P#P%=76- 27L 1#O*%4 -7"#G*84 .#' 2#+ &>(27O&+ "')'24)0(+ 276 (27 17 7 8&3*%'#7 276 P#P%=76 8'# 24 &2*3)'(4 '"I 2' .&) 'L#8* 2/L (2=O/L 276 Brecht, 276 Nestroy 8'# 276 Jacob von Hobis - 24 DI)' ?8762$)4 -9#G'(8*%76 .#' 24 G#&68)=L#(4 8*"7#/L (872L;L (& $L' I)/L 24+ 'L:)/"7%7.='+V 24 S$L' SI""' -A876L2')7>%4 .#' 2#+ (IO# IL7 ) 3#%7%7.#8$+ "')'24)0(+ 24+ (27 (>L7%7 276 &%%4L#87> 8$L76. 5$%7+, :* ':&%' L' &6O')#(20(/ #G#'#2$)/+ 27L K'(=%4 -*%3' . B/)=+ 24 P70:' 276 :' 02'L "7%> G>(87%4 4 'L2#&2;-"#(4 7)#( $L/L &2'3)'(2#8;L ")7P%4 *2/L . J6(#8* 8'L$L'+ '" ''627>+ G&L &6:>L&2'# .#' 2' %*:4 8'# 2#+ "')'%&=Q+.


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Ordnung ist heutzutage meistens dort, wo nichts ist.

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2I(7 #G#I7)3&+ (6L:08&+ 8'# P)=(8&2'# (& 2I(7 #G#'=2&)4 8'2*(2'(4 , ;(2& 7# '"73*(+ ")$", 8'# IL7 $2(# )E 9'/,-9'( +9 , L' "'=)L7L2'# $(' ( ' '620 8'# '" ' '620 . H7%> $ $ 8':')* I2# &)#-8$+ 'L2#8'2'(2*(+ "7)7>L L' &2'2)$Q76L $L' *:4 ' "7%#2#80+ (& *:4 ' )* #,# %#8E '3 .E62I G&L ")$" L' '+ &8"%0( 8':I%76 . 1&:7G7%7.=' 8'# "7%#2#80 &=L'# $(' &2'8=L4(4+ '"I $L' #(27)#8I (2*G#7 ( ' $L' *%%7. N 7L'G#80 G#'37)* &=L'# I2# 7# 8':#&)/ $L&+ &:7G7%7.=&+ "')'P%$"76L 27 .&.7LI+ I2# 4 #(27)=' (6L&O;+ "')*. L$' O')'824)#(2#8* (27#O&='. K%$"76& &"=(4+ I2# $L' *277 I"/+ 7 S$L#L, "76 G&L "27&=2'# '"I "')'G7(#'87>+ "&)#7)#( 7>+ 8'# 4 (8$Q4 276 G&L "&-)#7)=R&2'# '"I 24L #G&7%7.=' &LI+ &"'..$% '27+ , "7)&= L' G;( O)0(#&+ (6 -P76%$+ (27L 8':$L' , (6 "&)#%'P'L7 $L/L 8'# 2/L 3#%7(I3/L 24+ &"#(204+.

6. Albert Einstein, Albert Einstein: Philosopher Scientist, &"#. ,E . Schilpp. NewYork, 1951, (&% . 683.


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8'# :&/)42#87= 24+ %7.#80+ &"#P*%%76L (24L $)&6L' 8'# (& 8*:& G)'(24)#I242' "76 G4#76).&= .L;(4 8'# (6L2&%&= (24L &.O)7L7+ ')#(2&)I+ )#R7("*(24+ ,8':4.420+ 276 Columbia".

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3.' !2(# &)0L&6(& 7 8':4.420+ hrnan McMullin 8*"7#' ")74.7> &L' 8&=&L' 27# 9&+ "A Taxonomy of the Relations between History and Philosophy of Science", MinnesotaStudies 5, Minneapolis, 1971.

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2. Pierre Duhem, La Theorie Physique: Son Objet. Sa Structure. Paris, 1914, -&-3*%'#' IX 8'# B. ?27 Objective Knowledge. Oxford, 1972 (&% . 204 8 .&., 7 Karl Popper


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#(O>76L ( ' '62IL . 5&%#8*, I"/+ "7%> 8'%* L277 (4 &=/' 276 K.R. Popper. "Irreversibility, or. Entropy since 1905", British

Journal for the Philosophy of Science, viii. 1957, (&% . 151, (27 7"7=7 "&)#%'P*L7L2'# I%' 2' P'(#8* &"#O)0'2' H')* 2#+ 'L'8'%>Q+ 276 Einstein "76 O')'824)=R76L 24 L$' &"7O0 "(! 24L


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(&/L . A#' '62I 27 :$ ' ")P% . 27 (OI%#7 76, "On the Possibility of a PerpetuumMobile of the Second Kind", Mind, Matter and Method, 1966, (&% . 409, 8'# 24L &).'(=' 76 "In Defence of Classical Physics", Studies in the History and Philosophyof Science 1 , I, No 2, 1970.

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10. L. Rosenfeld, "Misunderstandings about the Foundations ot the QuantumTheory", Observation and Interpretation, &"#. Korner, London, 1957, (&% . 44.


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13. H)P% . 1 .K. Krieg, Green Medicine. New York, 1964.


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