Περιεχόμενο μαθημάτων ΠΠΣ ΤΗΜΜΥ
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Transcript of Περιεχόμενο μαθημάτων ΠΠΣ ΤΗΜΜΥ
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1 ., (5), ECTS: 6 . . , . . . . . . Taylor. . . . . : , .
1 ., (4), ECTS: 5 . . . ( , , ). . (, , , ). . , . . RN. R3. . . . . . .
1 ., (4), ECTS: 6 . .
. . , . . . .
.
1 ., (4+1), ECTS: 5
:
-
(software engineering)
.
( ,
, , ).
C ( ANSI).
O , .
.
.
(strings).
(, , ).
& *.
pointers.
pointers.
.
-
.
(loops).
.
.- Pointers .
, , bits.
.- .
1 ., (4+1), ECTS: 5
Boole, ,
Karnaugh, , . , -,
TL, CMOS, . ,
, Quine-Mc Cluskey, -.
, Flip-flop, SR, JK, D, T Master-Slave. ,
. -, LED LCD,
, RAM ROM, ,
.
1 ., (4+1), ECTS: 4
, , , ,
, , , .
CAD: CAE. AutoCAD. ,
, .
2 ., (5), ECTS: 6 . , , , . - . . . . aylor. . A . . . . . . , , , Laplace. . . B . . . Green, Gauss,
Stokes. .
2 ., (4+1), ECTS: 6 . . . . Ohm. . . . . . Kirchhoff. . . . . . .
2 ., (4+1), ECTS: 5 :- - : , , this- - - , > - - : - , - , .
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2 ., (4), ECTS: 4 : --, , , , . , , . : , , , , . : , , , . : , , , , , , . : , , (LED), laser. , , , .
2 ., (4), ECTS: 5 (, , ) (, ) , Assembly ( / ,
.) , ( -, )
2 ., (4), ECTS: 5
, , , ,
, , , .
3 ., (6), ECTS: 7 . , Cauchy, Laurent, .
Fourier. Laplace. Heaviside Dirac. . .
. . , .
3 ., (4+1), ECTS: 6 .
, , , , . . Fourier . , . , . . . , . , . , . :
-
z, y, . , . , . . . : , - . .
3 ., (4), ECTS: 6
3 ., (4+1), ECTS: 6 , pn, , ,
(FET), (BJT). DC AC, , -. (MOS) , , .
3 ., (4+1), ECTS: 5 . . : . , . Java. . . : , , . .
-. . . . . . .
4 ., (4), ECTS: 6 4 ., (4+1), ECTS: 6 MOS BJT, .. , Bode. , . AC DC, . . . , 741, . MOS . RC, Wien, Hartley, Colpitts.
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4 ., (4+1), ECTS: 5 : , , , , , , , , Bayes, . : , , , , , , chebycheff. : , Bernoulli (, , , ), Poisson, , , , , . : Y=h(X), Y, . : ( , , , ), ( ), . : ( , ), , .
: (
), ,
.
4 ., (5), ECTS: 6 . . Fourier Fourier & Laplace. . . . . Fourier
. . , .
4 ., (4), ECTS: 5 . E . , . . . .
Householder. QR . A . ( ). .
4 ., (4), ECTS: 5 , , Polya, , , , , ,
, , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , , ,
, Hamilton Euler, , , , , , , .
-
5 ., (4+1), ECTS: 6
, , , .
, .
, , ,
. , .
, . ,
. , . .
.
5 ., (4), ECTS: 6 . . . . . . - . . . . . . Wiener-Kolmogorov . .
5 ., (4+1), ECTS: 6 .
. . . . .
. . . Bode, . . Nyquist. . . . . Bode Nyquist. ( ) Lead/Lag.
5 ., (4), ECTS: 6 . : . : , DSB-SC, SSB, VSB, FM, PM. . . . , , , .
5 ., (4+1), ECTS: 6 (, ). . . . ( ). . . . (/). (interface) / O. . (, ). . . : RS232, I2C, SPI, CAN (DAS). (). . . .
. . . . . .
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6 ., (4+1), ECTS: 6
(per-unit). , , ,
, , .
, ,
, . ,
, ,
. , , ,
, , , - ,
. , ,
, , -
. ,
, .
(, ), , .
6 ., (4), ECTS: 6
AWGN AWGN AWGN
(PAM), (PPM) (PSK) (QAM) (FSK)
Off-set QPSK Minimum Shift Keying Continuous Phase Modulation
6 ., (4+1), ECTS: 6 1. ( , ,
, , ).
2. ( , , , , , , Lyapunov, Lasalle).
3. (, , , , , -, - ).
4. ( (-), - , , , , , ).
-
5. ( (-), , -, , Kalman).
6. ( , , , Lyapunov, ).
1
6 ., (4+1), ECTS: 6 . ( , , ). ( ). ( , , , , , , , ,
). ( , , ).
6 ., (4+1), ECTS: 6 . , , & .., , .., .., Smith, . . , , , , , , , , , , . . - , , , , , (finlines, .), . . , /4. . , , , , , . . . , (S-), ABCD. . . Hertz. . . .
6 ., (4), ECTS: 6 , , . . , , .
, : , , , , , , , .
6 ., (4+1), ECTS: 6 . . Shannon .
-
(OSI/ISO). Erlang B. Erlang C. Poisson . . M/M/1/. . T ARQ M/G/1/. (point-to-point) . HTTP (apache/mozilla) UDP (audio streaming). client-server Java. .
-
7 ., (4+1), ECTS: 5
() . .
. .
, .
. . .
. .
.
, .
7 ., (4+1), ECTS: 5
(). -
. .
. .
. - .
2
7 ., (4+1), ECTS: 5
() : , , .
.
. .
. .
. .
: . , ,
. . Universal . ,
, .
7 ., (4+1), ECTS: 5
(, thyristors,
transistors, MOSFET, IGBT, .) .
dc
dc . .
1 . 3
dc dc .
dc thyristors. 1
dc . 3 dc
. 3 ( dc-ac).
thysristors.
7 ., (4+1), ECTS: 5
. .
. .
. .
. .
-
7 ., (4), ECTS: 4
, --, ,
, .
7 ., (4+1), ECTS: 4
: , .
. . . .
, . .
. . , .
: -
7 ., (4), ECTS: 4
: . .
. -. .
: . p-n, p-n. . FET
. MOS
8 ., (4+1), ECTS: 5
.
. .
. . ,
.
.
. . .
.
.
8 ., (4+1), ECTS: 5 . . . : , , . , , ,
8 ., (4), ECTS: 4
().
(, , , &
). . . ,
, .
(- ). -
, .
8 ., (4+1), ECTS: 5
( , , ,
, , ).
.
-
. .
.
.
. .
.
. .
. .
.
.
.
.
8 ., (4+1), ECTS: 5
dc-dc . dc-dc .
dc-dc ( ). dc-dc Cuk (
). dc-dc . (dc-ac)
PWM. (PWM, , ,
, ). .
. flyback.
8 ., (4+1), ECTS: 5 . . , .
, . . . . HVDC . .
8 ., (4), ECTS: 4 . () . . . . , .
8 ., (4+1), ECTS: 4
: , , .
- . : , , ,
- . -. : ,
, . : , ,
, , , , , . .
-. . .
8 ., (4), ECTS: 4
. . .
. , .
: . .
-
. . . .
. . .
8 ., (4+1), ECTS: 4
. . . .
. .
.
9 ., (4), ECTS: 6
. ,
. . .
.
. , .
. .
.
.
9 ., (4), ECTS: 5
.
. . .
. .
. .
. .
9 ., (4), ECTS: 4
(Flexible AC Transmission Systems FACTS).
. . : (Demand
Side Management DSM), (Demand Response DR),
(Ancillary Services AS), , ,
(, Ultracapacitors, ,
Compressed Air Energy Storage). (Smart Grids),
(Microgrids), (Virtual Power Plants VPPs),
, , (DC Grids).
9 ., (4+1), ECTS: 4
, , ,
, . .
.
. . , .
, , .
. .
. , .
, . 3 ac IEC 60909.
. ,
.
-
9 ., (3+1), ECTS: 5
:
. . ,
, , .
: . .
. .
: ,
. . .
. :
, . .
. .
9 ., (3), ECTS: 4
.
-/ .
,
.
, .
.
.
, : (1) , (2) , (3)
( ), (4)
.
. .
-
9 ., (4), ECTS: 4
, ,
. .
. .
, .
-
7 ., (3+1), ECTS: 4 : , , . : , - - , , , . : , . : , , - . ( ) , , .
7 ., (4), ECTS: 4 1. , , . 2. , , , ,
, , , , . 3. , , PageRank, ,
, , . 4. , , , ,
, . 5. , , , ,
. 6. , , Erdos-Renyi, ,
Barabasi-Albert , . 7. , . 8. , ,
.
7 ., (4), ECTS: 4 . ISO/OSI. . TCP/IP. TCP UDP Java. . ALOHA CSMA. H . 802.11 802.16. Jackson . .
. E. (Virtual Lab Java Socket Programming Real-time Audio Streaming).
7 ., (4+1), ECTS: 6 MOS , , (.. bandgap). , , . , . . ( SCR, DIAC, TRIAC, LTI, IGCT), .
7 ., (4), ECTS: 4 1. , , , . 2. .
-
3. . 4. . 5. . 6. . 7. Turing. 8. . 9. . 10. P NP.
7 ., (4+1), ECTS: 5
/ 7 ., (3), ECTS: 4
, , map-reduce, parallel prefix (scan) :
, , Fourier, wavelet, Multipole.
pthreads, OpenMP, MPI, CUDA.
7 ., (4), ECTS: 6 (). , : . . Lyapunov- - , , , LaSalle, , , Lyapunov, . Lyapunov- - , , , , . - . , , (Popov, ), -. - - . . .
-
7 ., (4), ECTS: 5 1. ( , ). 2. (, , ). 3. ( ,
, , , , , ).
4. ( , ( , Newton, , -Newton), , ).
5. ( , ( , , ), ).
6. . 7. ( , ,
, ). 7 ., (3+1), ECTS: 4 : , , , -, . : (AR), (MA), (ARMA). : AR, MA ARMA , (ARIMA) ARIMA (SARIMA) - . . - : ; - ; - ; - . HW 7 ., (3+1), ECTS: 5
. , , , -, , . 2, , . (decomposition) - .
UV-, EE-, flash-EPROM, , - . PROM.
. sin(), cos(), tg() - .
- . DSP. 1-D 2-D Fourier. CORDIC DSP. -
.
- Galois (Finite Fields) / , - .
(Reed -Solomon, BCH, , Viterbi, Turbo, DES, AES, RSA, .).
7 ., (4), ECTS: 4 : Laplace, , . : 1. . 2. (Fourier, Laplace).
-
3. (computer algebra systems, CAS) .. Maple, Mathematica. 4. (.. Maple, Mathematica, Matlab PDE Toolbox, MathPDE). , (.., / , , , .).
8 ., (4+1), ECTS: 5
. . RISC CISC KME . , . . VLIW .
, , ()
/ FPGA
8 ., (4), ECTS: 4 1.
1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 (Displays)
2. . 3. (Line scan conversion, area filling) 4. 2 3 5. 6. Clipping 7. 8. 8 ., (3), ECTS: 4
. . . . . - -. - -. .
-
8 ., (4), ECTS: 5 (Simplex, , ,
, ). (KarushKuhnTucker Condition). : . ( , , ). . : . . . 8 ., (4), ECTS: 6 , , , Ethercat/Etherlab/ Simulink. . . . . 8 ., (4), ECTS: 5 : . Cramer-Rao. . . . . Bayes. Wiener. Kalman. : . Neyman Pearson. BayesROCs. , matched filter. . 8 ., (3), ECTS: 4 . , (, , , , ). . 1. ( ) .
- . 2. minimax Nash. 3. , . 4. . . .
. 5. .
5.1 . 5.2 . 5.3 . 5.4 .
8 ., (4+1), ECTS: 6
E DSP . (interface) / O.
-. : . . .
(RTOS). . (DMAC). . I/O .
-
/ O ARM. / O . ARM. I/O ports ( , , LED, LCD ). I/O ports : PWM ( ) - , ADC - DAC.
: SPI USART I2C USB CAN : PCI - PCIe SATA VME (WSN). Zigbee.
FPGA-ASIC 8 ., (3+1), ECTS: 5
. Generic ASIC. PAL, GAL, PLA - . . PAL. - MAM. Intel EPLD ( 100
TTL EPLD), Altera APPEX, FLEX, MAX. PAL.
CPLD. - CPLD Altera Xilinx.
FPGA, . ALTERA XILINX. LUT CLB. . . IEEE JTAG 11.49.x. . 3-D FPGA ( : 4 . MOSFET 24 nm).
RTL (Re-gister-Transfer Level) HDL (Hardware Description Langua-ges). " ".
VHDL. -. VHDL MIPS . Verilog System Verilog. To Verilog. XILINX-ISE. ALTERA-Quartus .
.
FPGA. NIOS II, ARM COR-TEX A-1 -9, MP32 (MIPS). Xilinx ZYNQ Altera Aria.
. (Mo-del Based Design). C/C++. Matlab Simulink. - / . C/C++. VHDL Verilog. - Matlab Xilinx/ALTERA
HW/SW (HW/SW codesign) . . FPGA.
clock. (testing) FPGA. FPGA. (Verification). (regression tests). / /.. 1.
CPLD. 2. FPGA IEEE JTAG 11.49.x. 3,4. FPGA Xilinx-ISE ALTERA Quartus. 5. (embedding), Matlab - Simulink. VGA, . 6.
, ALTERA - Aria.
8 ., (3), ECTS: 5 1. ( , ). 2. .3. -
( ). 3. ( , Lyapunov,
--). 4. (-, ,
).
-
5. ( , , -).
6. ( , , ).
8 ., (4), ECTS: 5
, (, DH ,
)
, , . - , , . . Langrange.
.
( , ) / , ( , ,
)
8 ., (4), ECTS: 5 , , , Bode. , , . - . - , , , . . - . . , Fried, . . Butterworth, Chebychev, inverse Chebychev (Cauer). . , ,
Geffe. . Bessel-Thomson, , ,
Bessel-Thomson. GIC . . 8 ., (4), ECTS: 5 , , . , , . :
. . . . . .
-
. .
8 ., (3+1), ECTS: 5 RF, C, D, S , , , IF, . 8 ., (4), ECTS: 5 : , , . (resolution principle) (extension principle). -cuts, , . , , , , . . IF/THEN . , . , , (fuzzifier) - (defuzzifier). , , PI, PD PID. FZ-PI, FZ-PD FZ-PID. , , , . TSK singleton. - . . FCM . : perceptron . , . . back propagation. RBF, . - SOFM. Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ). . , neuro-fuzzy. HW 8 ., (3+1), ECTS: 5
. . , , , .
. .
.
FSM (Finite State Machine), Mealy Moore. , Huffman.
, Paul-Unger, , . FSM PROM.
ASM (Algorithmic State Machine). .
StC SysC (State and System Controller). -, . , , "" "", , . . -.
PrStC. (stepper/sequencer). , .
(fault testing) (verification) FF. . (n-bit
n-qubit register). . , Toffoli.
-
U (unitary operations). . , DFT. : 1. . 2,3. FF CMOS . 4. CMOS . 5. . 6. TTL, .7. ( HW SW).
8 ., (4), ECTS: 5 1. 2. : , 3. 2
3.1 Fourier, z 3.2 , 3.3 3.4 2
4. 4.1 , 4.2 4.3 4.4 ,
5. 5.1 5.2 5.3 , Wiener
6. 9 ., (4+1), ECTS: 5 (pattern recognition) . , , . , , , , - . : 1) : , ,
, SOM, , 2) : , , , ,
, SVMs, , , SVMs, , ,
3) - : , (PCA ISOMAP) 9 ., (2+1), ECTS: 3 :
, . . ,
-
: , ,
. , , : , ,
.
, . . (computing forensics) , XML , .
- 9 ., (2+1), ECTS: 3 :
/ . , / ,
.
.
,
( , ), .
9 ., (3), ECTS: 4 . , , . . :
().
: -, .
. .
, SQL.
.
, XML.
.
: , , , .
.
9 ., (2+1), ECTS: 3
, i .
-
.
( )
IEC 6113-3
IEC 61131-3
, , , .
C61499 . ( Internet, Modbus, CAN, Profibus, Foundation) . 9 ., (4), ECTS: 5 1. ( , ). 2. () ( ,
). 3. () ( ,
, ). 4. - (
, backstepping). 5. . 9 ., (4), ECTS: 5 1. () (multimedia) -, , , , 3D, Interactive. 2. ( formats) 3. : , 4. /:
4.1 4.2 / (DPCM/ADPCM, MP3, JPEG
, ITU - H.261 & H.262, ISO - MPEG-1/2/4) 5. (Streaming / RTSP, ITU-H.32x) 6. / (ISO-MPEG-7) VLSI 9 ., (3+1), ECTS: 5 MOS T: . , CMOS. (layout). , , , , , , . . / 9 ., (4), ECTS: 6 , , , . :
-
(testing and debugging) . VLSI-ASIC 9 ., (3+1), ECTS: 5 ( ) (< 40 nm). , , , , , . , . . ( Macro VLSI-ASIC).
RTL. (High-Level Synthesis). , HW 2 . Catapult Berkeley ESL. C/C++.
. ISP (Application Specific Instruction Set Processors). - ISP-LISA. (pipeline), , , (branches and jumps).
( ) ISP. Processor Designer. - VLSI-ASIC FPGA-ASIC.
- (Behavioral-Level Synthesis). CDFG. TLM (Transactions Level Modeling). . macro AES encoder/ decoder chipset .
. .
- . , , clock gating, Vth.
- (fault testing). , - . Ad-Hoc, BIST, Boundary Scan, Com-pressed Scan. Scan Test - . macro IEEE 11.49.x JTAG.
(clock tree). (clock delay), (skew) (jitter). fclock .
- (Verification) VLSI-ASIC. ( NP-complete , ). , , - (formal verification), (functional verifi-cation), (intelligent verification), (runtime verification). BDD (Binary Decision Diagram), (formal property checking), (model checking), SAT (symbolic traversal FSM), SAT, (equivalence checking). C/C++, VHDL Verilog.
-
. 4 VLSI-ASIC .
. , , , , , . . 3 . (Data Path). - DFG. scripts - Linux. . - MilkyWay Synopsis. STA SDC (Synopsis Design Constraints).
1. . RTL VHDL/Verilog - . Leda. (mapping) . , , 2D , . . - . SAIF . Power Compiler. Scan Test -. DFT Compiler. .
2. (PnR). , . . Monte Carlo. clock. (corners). EDIIF-LEF . Cadence SoC Encounter P&R. , . / . (Floorplanning). I/O, , macro, global, standard-cell. DRC. 40 nm. Calibre. standard cell (Placement). , (congestion). clock. - (Routing). (Electromigration, - ), (IR drop). EDIIF-GDSII.
3. (Signoff Analysis). (formal veri-fication). STA, -. crosstalk - ( ). . To SDF (Standard Delay Format). . PT-PX. . TetraMax.
4. ( < 90 nm). (Design for Manufacturing Flow). - . ( -) , OPC (Optical Proximity Correction). -. Cadence Encounter . . : 1-3. . 3-9. VLSI-ASIC, .
-
7 ., (4), ECTS: 6, Fourier (DFT). . DFT Fourier . Fourier (FFT). . FIR IIR. . .
7 ., (4), ECTS: 6, . , /2, , . . . , , . . , , , , . . . . . . . . . . . . -. . . / . Friis . / . -, / , , , , . / . , , , . . , , , , , .
7 ., (4+1), ECTS: 6, , , , , .
7 ., (4), ECTS: 5, :
- . - . - Maxwell Hamilton. - H Helmholtz .
: - H
. - Point-Matching, Rayleigh-Ritz, Galerkin, Least Squares, Sub-domain Collocation
. - .
:
-
- (Finite Difference Method): , , , , Gauss-Seidel, SOR, Crank-Nicolson, Dufort-Frankel.
- (Finite Element Method): , - , , , , - .
- (Moment and Boundary Element Method): , , Green.
- (Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method): , Yee, , , , , PML.
7 ., (4), ECTS: 5, . . . - . . . . . . sonar. , . Doppler. .
7 ., (3), ECTS: 4, , , , , , , , , , , , , .
7 ., (4), ECTS: 5, : . . . Huygens. Fermat. . : . . . . . . . . : . . . . . : . . : , , , , . . : . . . . . . Young. . . . : . Michelson, Mach-Zehnder Fabry-Perot. . : . Kirchhoff. Fresnel Fraunhofer. Fourier: . . . . : : , , , . . . . : . . . .
-
7 ., (4), ECTS: 4, . . : , , , .
8 ., (4+1), ECTS: 6, , . . (, , , ). (PCM, DPCM, DM). . . . . ISDN. .
8 ., (4+1), ECTS: 6, . : , , , . . . : . , . . GVD & TOD, , . . : Laser, , Laser (LD), LD (Fabry-Perot, VCSEL, DBR, DFB), , . (LED). . : PIN (APD). : (, , ), , (SNR), , , , (BER). : / (IM/DD), , , ( OTDM, WDM). (BPSK, QPSK). : , , , , Brillouin Raman.
8 ., (4), ECTS: 5, . . , . , . . . . . Shannon. . . . Shannon. . . .
7 ., (2), ECTS: 3, , , , , , , , .
-
8 ., (2), ECTS: 3, , , & , , , , & , (Digital Television), , - , .
8 ., (4+1), ECTS: 5, . . . Green. Pocklington. : , Yagi-Uda. NEC. . . . . .
(UWB). . . . , , . , . . . . . Green . . . . Chu. . . , , , , . , Dolph-Chebyshev . . .
(direction of arrival) (beamforming). (smart antennas). - (): , , . . , , .
8 ., (4), ECTS: 5, . . . . . . . Maxwell. . Stratton-Chu. . . . , . . . . Rayleigh. Born. WKB. .
8 ., (4), ECTS: 5, . . . . . -. . . . . . . , , , , . ( ).
-
8 ., (4), ECTS: 5, , DSL, WiFi, Bluetooth, , , , .
8 ., (3), ECTS: 4, . Schrdinger. - . , . Pauli . . .
8 ., (3), ECTS: 4, 1. . . , , . 2. . (), , , . (Ground Penetrating Radar). 3. . . . : , , , , . , , . (, , , , ). . . 4. .
9 ., (4+1), ECTS: 6, . . . . , Doppler FM/CW . , . (SLAR) (SAR) . P. (GPS, Galileo), - -.
9 ., (4+1), ECTS: 6, . , (ABCD). [ . . .] . Wilkinson, (90) , , 180, . . , , . . , , Faraday, , , , . , . , , , . PIN, . . GUNN IMPATT. . transistor: FET transistor. : . .
-
: KLYSTRON, GUNN, , , , SWR , .
9 ., (4+1), ECTS: 6, - - (Fading Channels) - - - - - Hand-over - (Diversity) - (Spatial Multiplexing, Space-Time Coding, Beam-forming) - OFDM 3G (UMTS) 4G (LTE, LTE-A) - , , - - - . : , ,
9 ., (2), ECTS: 3,
, - , & , , (SCSI, RAID, SATA), , HDTV, () , .
9 ., (3+1), ECTS: 4, . . . . , ISDN, xDSL. . SDH/WDM. . . . (QoS). , . WiMax LTE.
9 ., (4+1), ECTS: 4, : , , , , ,
, , , , .
-
: , , , , , , , , . : , , , , , , , , . : , , , , , (, , ), . : (, , Rayleigh), , , , , , . : , , , , , . : , , , , , , . : , , , , .
9 ., (4+1), ECTS: 5, , , Viterbi , - (C), Turbo,
(LDPC). . CDMA.
9 ., (3), ECTS: 4, Fabry-Perot. . . . - . . . , , . / . . , MUX, DEMUX. . (EDFA)
(SOA).
9 ., (4+1), ECTS: 5, , , : , , , , , , , . , , : , , CE, , (, , ), , . : , , , , , ,
, , , .
-
, : , , , Bode, , , , . , : , , Balun, , Friis, , (, , ). , : , , LISN CDN, , BCI, , , , . : , - , , , , , pigtail, , , . : , , , , , , /, , , , , , , . : ( , , , ), (, , , ), ( ), PCB, .
9 ., (4), ECTS: 5, 1. ( ,
, , Debye) 2.
2.1 : ( R, R12), , , , ( ).
2.2 , , (K, A, AE, Dst). 2.3 (, , ,
, ). 3.
3.1 Appleton 3.2 3.3
4. 5.
5.1 , , . 5.2 / ( , F1, F2, D, E, spread F),
. 5.3 (f, foE, FoF1, foF2, MUF, h, hm, TEC).
6. 6.1 ELF, VLF, LF, ,
. 6.2 MF ( ,
, , , / MW, ).
6.3 HF: ( foE, foF1, foF2, MUF, FOT, , ), ( : 9000km), .
-
6.4 VHF: VHF ( D, , , F ), F
6.5 - - . 7. ( D E,
Luxembourg, F) 8. -