, ,

:12311

................................................................................ 1

...................................................................................... 3

.................................................................................... 5

-.................................................................... 6

'- ............................................................................ 19

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1

.

(9710,6560) , (11160,6260).

,

(R=5 m),

.

, &

Google Earth, ,

.

'

,

. .

()

.

. ()

,

527.50,

.

2

()

. 1

(502) , (478).

(526) (499)

(510.50). 414 m, 788 m, 551 m, 214 m.

: (502-478)/414=5.80% ,

: (526-478)/788=6% ,

: (526-499)/551= 4.90%,

: (510.50-499)214= 5.17% .

() . 2

(502) 527.50,

(510.50). ,

1560 m 893 m.

:(527.50-502)/1560= 1.63%

:(527.50-510.50)/893= 1.90% .

4.90% 6%

3

,

. .

:

5% , 5% (527.50) ,

5% .

4

.

1.5% (504) . 0% ,

1.5% 527.50 .

1.5% . 1.5%

.

5

.

1 .

(R=280),

( ) .

.

5-15 m.

2.5 .

.

6

3 4 (R=320)

R=280 , 80 km/h.

.

R=340 .

7

1.

10m.

:

(519.5-502)/1169.68=1.50%

.. 0+115.45

502+115.45*1.50=503.73 .

497.5.

503.73-497.5=6.23m

.. 0+174.95

502+174.95*1.50=504.62m.

502.5m .

504.62-502.5=2.12 m

.. 0+296.33

502+296.33*1.50=506.45m

492m.

506.45-492=14.45m

.. 0+346.52

502+346.52*1.50=507.20m

495m .

507.20-495=12.20m

.. 0+429.61

502+429.61*1.50=508.44m

476m .

508.44-476=32.44m

.. 0+590.13

502+590.13*1.50=510.85m.

491m.

510.85-491=19.85m

.. 0+665.40

502+665.40*1.50=512.00m.

484m.

512-484=28.00m

.. 0+767.06 502+767.06*1.50=513.50m

505.50m. 513.50-505.50= 8.00m .

.. 0+848.30 502+848.30*1.50=514.72 m.

503 m. 514.72-503=11.72m

8

.. 1+034.97 502+1034.97*1.50=517.52m.

521 m. 521-517.52=3.48m

. 1+077.10 502+1077.10*1.5= 518.15 m.

519 m. 519-518.15= 0.84m.

2 (519.50-510)/ 502.32= 1.89%

.. 1+330.15 510+ (1672-1330.15)*1.89=516.46m.

507.5 m. 516.46-507.5= 8.96m

.. 1+437.45 510+(1672-1437.45)*1.89=514.43m.

520 m. 520-514.43= 5.57m.

.. 1+583.13 510+(1672-1583.13)*1.89=511.68m.

491 m.

511.68-491= 20.67m.

.

.

.. 0+296.33 .. 665.40 .

R320 2

(

). R320 1.5

502.30 .

5-15 m 2 .

.. 1+583.13 .

.. 1+437.35 .

527.50 .

1 .

9

- 3

.

10 m . .. 1+593.22

, 9 2,5 .

.

. .. 0+431.06 (R=420)

3 . 2 .

10

10m 527.50,

: (514-502)/1215.56=1.00%

1. .. 0+198.88 502+198.88*1.00%=503.99 m

504. 504-503.99=0.01 m

2. .. 0+431.06 502+431.06*1.00=506.31 m

484. 506.31-484=22.31 m

3. .. 0+708.62 502+708.62*1.00=509.08 m

509. 509.08-509= 0.00 m

4. .. 0+790.01 502 +790.01*1.00=509.90 m

504. 509.90-504= 5.90 m

5. .. 1+060.14 502+1060.14*1.00=512.60 m

520. 520-512.60= 7.40 m

6. .. 1+110.82 502+1110.82*1.00=513.10 m

517. 517-513.10=3.89 m

(514-510)/474.53= 0.84%

7. .. 1+350.87 510+(1690.09-1350.87)*0.84= 514.9m

506. 514.85-506= 6.85 m

8. .. 1+451.84 510+(1690.09-1451.84)*0.84=512 m

521. 521-512= 9.00 m

9. .. 1+593.22 510+(1690.09-1593.22)*0.84=510.8 m

492. 510.81-492= 18.81 m

1 , 3 .

R=300m , 80 km/h.

10 m ,

.

1690 m

.

11

4 3 ( 4)

.

12

4

10 .

(515-502)/1224.80=1.06%

1. .. 0+108.54 502+108.54 *1.06%=503.15

503.5. 503.50-503.15=0.35

2. .. 0+240.82 502+240.82 *1.06=504.55

506. 506-504.55=1.48

3. .. 0+434.39 502+434.39 *1.06=506.60

484. 506.60-484= 22.60

4. .. 0+554.18 502 +554.18 *1.06=507.87

492. 507.87-492= 15.87

5. .. 0+731.15 502+731.15 *1.06=509.75

506. 509.75-506= 3.75

6. .. 0+794.28 502+794.28*1.06=510.42

501.5. 510.42-501.50=8.92

7 .. 1+118.72 502+1118.72 *1.06=513.86

519. 519-513.86=5.14

(520-510)/444.69= 2.25%

9. .. 1+450.28 510+(1670.21-1450.28)*2.25= 514.95

497. 514.95-497= 17.95

10. .. 1+528.29 510+(1670.21-1528.29)*2.25=513.19

505.5. 513.19-505.5= 7.69

11. .. 1+590.40 510+(1670.21-1590.40)*2.25=511.73

488. 511.73-488= 23.73

13

2 , ,

.

R=220

.

. 2,5

. .

.

.

14

.

.

R=320. .

.

.

70 km/h 2/3 .

4 ,

.

15

2 .

10 m ,

6 m

.

. ( )

.

0,5 km .

16

10

(520-502.50)/1496.52= 1.17%

.. 0+75.6115 , 502.50+75.51*1.17%=503.38.

505.50.

505.50-503.38= 2.12 m

.. 0+291.50, 502.50+291.50*1.17= 505.91.

494 m . 505.91-494= 11.91 m

. 0+446.50, 502.50+446.50*1.17%=507.72 .

507 m . 507.72-507=0.72 m

.. 0+583.69, 502.50+583.69*1.17=509.33.

500m. 9.33 m

.. 1+043.10 502.50+1043.10*1.17=514.70

525.50 m , 524.60-514.70=9.90m

.. 1+136.55 502.50+1136.55*1.17=515.80

518m . 518-515.80=2.20m

,

(520-510)/645.02=1.55%

.. 1+660.07 , 510+(2142.56-1660.07)*1.55=517.47.

515.80 m.

(517.47-515.80)= 1.68 m

.. 1+757.28 510+(2142.56-1757.28)*1.55= 515.98m.

532m . 16.03 .

. 1+886.52 510+(2142.56-1886.52)*1.55=513.96m.

504 m. 514.17-504= 9.97m

.. 1+911.02 510+(2142.56-1911.02)*1.55=513.59m .

507 m. 513.59-507= 6.59 m

.. 1+961.58 510+(2142.56-1961.58)*1.55=512.80m .

502 m. 512.80-502.5=10.30m

. 2+115.15 510+(2142.56-2115.15)*1.55=510.42m .

514 m. 514-510.42=3.58m

17

6

(524.50-502.50)/1496.52= 1.47%

.. 0+75.6115 , 502.50+75.51*1.47%= 503.61m.

505.50 m.

505.50-503.61= 1.89 m

.. 0+291.50, 502.50+291.50*1.47= 506.78m.

493m . 506.78-493= 13.7 m

. 0+446.50, 502.50+446.50*1.47%=509.06 m .

507 m . 509.06-507=2.06 m

.. 0+583.69, 502.50+583.69*1.47=511.08 m.

500m. 11.08 m

.. 1+043.10 502.50+1043.10*1.47=517.73 m

525.50 m . 525.50-517.73=7.77m

.. 1+136.55 502.50+1136.55*1.47=519.20m

518m. 519.20-518=1.20m

, ,

(524.50-510)/645.02=2.25%

.. 1+660.07 , 510+(2142.56-1660.07)*2.25=520.86m

T 515.80 m. (520.86-

515.80)= 5.06m

.. 1+757.28 510+(2142.56-1757.28)*2.25= 518.67 m

532 m . 13.33 .

. 1+886.52 510(2142.56-1886.52)*2.25=515.76 m

504 m. 515-76-504=11.76 m

.. 1+911.02 510(2142.56-1911.02)*2.25=515.21 m .

507 m. 515.21-507= 8.21 m

.. 1+961.58 510(2142.56-1961.58)*2.25=514.07m .

502 m. 514.07-502=12.07m

. 2+115.15 510(2142.56-2115.15)*2.25=510.62 m .

514 m. 514-510.62=3.38m

18

1.47%

.. 0+75.6115 1.89

.. 0+291.50 13.7

. 0+446.50 2.06

.. 0+583.69 11.08

.. 1+043.10 7.77

.. 1+136.55 1.2

.. 1+496.21 6

.. 1+660.07 5.06

.. 1+757.28 13.33

. 1+886.52 11.76

.. 1+911.02 8.21

.. 1+961.58 12.07

. 2+115.15 3.38

6 m 5

10 m ,

,

.

10 m 3

10 m. 2

.. 0+291.50 .. 0+583.69

.

.. 1+757.28

13 m.

1.47%,

10 m

16.03. 1.47%

.

3

.

80 km/h

, .

,

.

1.17%

.. 0+75.6115 2.12

.. 0+291.50 11.91

. 0+446.50 0.72

.. 0+583.69 9.33

.. 1+043.10 9.9

.. 1+136.55 2.2

.. 1+496.21 10

.. 1+660.07 1.68

.. 1+757.28 16.03

. 1+886.52 9.97

.. 1+911.02 6.59

.. 1+961.58 10.3

. 2+115.15 3.58

19 |

-

,

3.

.

.

.

V = 70 km/h min =60.

R/3 < A < R

R > 0.25 cm

. ,

.

1 2 m ,

.

""

.

.

.

1 1=190 R1=320 A1'=190

2 2=190 R2=330 2'=190

3 3=150 R3=220 A3'=150

20 |

0.05

1

2

3

R= 320 330 220

A= 190 190 150

L= 112.81 109.39 102.27

R= 1.655 1.510 1.977

XM= 56.35 54.65 51.04

= 112.46 109.09 101.72

= 6.61 6.03 7.89

(gon)= 11.22 10.55 14.80

.

2 sec.

70 km/h

minLR= (70/3.6) *2 =39 m

T 1 1'= 571.101 m ,

2 2'= 299.503 m , 3 3' = 102.272 m.

3 .

. 1= 256.427 m ,

. R1=

320>256.43 .

3' =12.928

R3=220 m.

& , .

1 256.427 0+000.000

11 112.812 1 0+256.427

11' 571.101 1 0+369.239

1'1' 112.812 1' 0+940.340

1'2 0.000 1' 1+053.152

22 109.393 2 1+053.152

22' 299.503 2 1+162.545

2'2' 109.393 2' 1+462.048

2'3 0.000 2' 1+571.441

33 102.273 3 1+571.441

33' 355.427 3 1+673.714

3'3' 102.272 3' 2+029.141 3' 12.928 3' 2+131.413 2+144.341

21 |

V85

( )

:

= 136.06+78.88+132.45 = 347.39 g

= (km) = =162 g/km

13 7.0 m,

V85 81 km/h . 81-70=11

km/h

22 |

-

.

. 2000

, V= 70 km/h.

. 4.3

( ) V85 =

81 km. R=5000m (

).

, .

,

.

S

.

t=

(R/2)i=6988.5*5.70 =398.84 m.

T [m] > V , 398.84 > 70 , ""

.

y= .

1

x(m) y(m) x(m) y(m)

0 0 0 0 0

1 23,50 0,198 13,1875 0,062

2 35,5315 0,452 53,1875 1,012

3 63,5015 1,443 93,1875 3,107

4 103,5015 3,832 133,1875 6,346

5 143,5015 7,367 173,1875 10,73

6 183,5015 12,458 213,1875 16,258

7 223,5015 17,87 253,1875 22,932

8 263,5015 24,838 293,1875 30,75

9 303,5015 32,952 333,1875 39,713

10 327,2515 38,311 373,1875 49,821

11 343,5015 42,21 - - 12 383,5015 52,613 - -

f 398,3445 56,768 398,3445 56,768

23 |

t= (R/2)i=2500*8.1% =202.5 m

2

x(m) y(m) x(m) y(m)

0 0 0 0 0

1 10,21 0,1041 34,7915 1,211

2 50,2085 2,521 74,7915 5,595

3 90,2085 8,138 114,7915 13,177

4 130,2085 16,954 154,7915 23,96

5 170,2085 28,971 194,7915 37,944

f 202,5 41,006 - -

t= (R/2)i=13500*2.06% =278.10 m

3

x(m) y(m) x(m) y(m)

0 0 0 0 0

1 26,66 0,132 9,541 0,017

2 66,659 0,823 49,541 0,455

3 87,349 1,413 89,541 1,485

4 106,659 2,107 129,541 3,108

5 146,659 3,983 169,541 5,323

6 186,659 6,452 209,541 8,131

7 226,659 9,514 242,451 10,886

8 266,659 13,168 249,541 11,532

f 278,1 14,322 - -

.

,

.

0.7%

12 .

22-26 10 m

24 |

.

10 m

( 42-45) .

1.05% . 44

16 m.

i3= 3.11%

.

28 37.

.

7

7.5 m, 1

2m . O

12

26, .

330 280

36-38.

.

2 m 44 ,

4 m

46 51. 44

46 51

.

.. [m]

[m]

[m 2]

[m 3]

6 0+240,00 26.01

52.03

7 0+292,03 53.75

55.47

0+347,50 34.00 0.00 0.00

12.50

9 0+360,00 82.25 19.42 1,597.30

40.00

10 0+400,00 26.25 92.80 2,436.00

80.00

12 0+480,00 40.00 141.31 5,652.40

9,686

.. [m]

[m]

[m 2]

[m 3]

6 0+240,00 26.01 85.37 2,220.47

52.03

7 0+292,03 60.00 142.63 8,557.80

68.00

9 0+360,00 41.00 0.00 0.00

14.03

0+374,03 15.00 0.00 0.00

15.97

10 0+400,00 48.00

80.00

12 0+480,00 40.00 0.00

10,778

.. [m]

[m]

[m 2]

[m 3]

6 0+240,00 0 0.00

40.00

7 0+292,03 0

89.50

9 0+360,00 0

105.50

10 0+400,00 0

45.00

12 0+480,00 0 0.00

0

.. [m]

[m]

[m]

[m 2]

6 0+240,00 26.01 17.86 464.54

52.03

7 0+292,03 60.00 14.55 873.00

68.00

9 0+360,00 41.00 0.00 0.00

14.03

0+374,03 15.00 0.00 0.00

15.97

10 0+400,00 48.00

80.00

12 0+480,00 40.00 0.00

1,338

[m2]

[m] [m3]

5,600.00 0.30 1,680.00

1,680

:

1

1110 : 1,680 m3

2 -

-1123 : 35.558 ()+135 ( ) -259 ( )=

9,427 m3

3 -

-1212

: L=135+126=261 m =(0,5+1,5)*0,4=0,8 : V=261*0,8=

209 m3

4 1530 : 10,778 m3

5 3-4

1510

20% : 0,20*(9.427+209)= 1.928 m3 : 10.263-7.139=

1,928 m3

6

1610 : 1,338 m2

:

7

: L=29 m, B=1 m, =29*1=

29 m2

:

8 0,10 . O-150

3111 2 ()*8,41 ( )*240 ( )= 4,037 m

2

9 0,10 . O-155

3211 2 ()*7,81 ( )*240 ( )= 3,749 m

2

10 3311 2 ()*0,50 ( )*240 ( )= 240 m3

: 11 4110 7,10 ()*240 ( )= 1,704 m

2

12 0,05 ... (A-260)

4321

7,08 ( )*240 ( )= 1,699 m2

13 0,05 ...(A-265)

4521

7,03 ( )*240 ( )= 1,687 m2

/

.

.

: 1 1110 m

3 1.61 1,608 2,588.88

2 -

-1123 m3 1.95 9,427 18,382.65

3 -

-1212 m3 2.78 209 581.02

4 1530 m3 1.08 10,928 11,802.24

5 3-4

1510 m3 3.54 1,928 6,825.12

6 1610 m2 0.70 1,338 936.60

: 41,116.51

: 7 m

2 700.00 29 20,300.00

: 20,300.00

:

8 0,10 . O-150

3111 m

2 1.65 4,037 6,661.05

9 0,10 . O-155

3211 m

2 1.71 3,749 6,410.79

10 3311 m3 18.86 240 4,526.40

: 17,598.24

: 11 4110 m

2 1.24 1,704 2,112.96

12 0,05 ... (A-260)

4321

m2 5.56 1,699 9,446.44

13 0,05 ... (A-265)

4521

m2 5.86 87 509.82

: 12,069.22

: 91,083.97

+ (18%) : 16,395.11

: 107,479.08

(15%) : 16,121.86

: 123,600.95

(~0,5%) : 316.53

23% : 28,501.02

( ) : 152,418.50