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8. , , 1690 . . Sevket Pamuc, In the Absence of Domestic Currency: Debased European Coinage in the Seventeenth-Century Ottoman Empire, The Journal of Economic History (J.E.H.), . 57, . 2 ( 1997), 345-366.

9. .., 51,52,54,57,91,96. 10. . J. Day, Introduction, Etudes d'Histoire Montaire, 1984,

. 19. . Nicolas Morard, Florins, doucat et marc d'argent a Fribourg et Geneva au XVe sicle (1420-1489), .., . 295-234. 14 , . Carlo . Cipolla, The Monetary Policy of Fourteenth-Century Florence, - 1982, passim.

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26. Mario Vitti, , , 21980, . 51-53. . , ,

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37. Guilio . Gallarotti, The Scramble for Gold: Monetary Regime Transformation in the 1870s, Michael D. Bordo, Forrest Capie (.), Monetary Regimes in Tansition, 1994, . 27-29.

38. , , , , .., . (), , , . Angela Redish, ((The Evolution of the Gold Standard in England, J.E.H., . 30, . 4 ( 1990), 796-801.

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64. Hugh Rockoff, "TheWizzard of Oz" as a Monetary Allegory, Journal of Political Economy, - 98, . 4 ( 1990), 739-59.

65. , .., passim.

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66. . (.. 1 : 15,5) : , - . , ^ - 1870 . , . 19 , Henry Dunning Macleod, The Law of Gresham and its Relation lo Bimetallism, 1896. , 19 . Barry Eichengreen, The Gold Standard in Theory and History, 1985. . Mark Flandreau, Coin Memories: Estimates of the French Metallic Currency, 1840-1878, Journal of European Economic History, . 42, . 2 (1995), 271 -311 , Central Bank Cooperation in Historical Perspective: A Sceptical View, Economic History Review, . 30, . 4 (1997), 735-763. Milton Friedman 1873, , , 1890, , 1890. Milton Friedman, The Crime of 1873, Journal of Political Economy, . 98, . 6 ( 1990), 11-14.

131

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69. Marc Flandreau (Coin Mmoires: ..., .TT., . 303-307), - , .

70. , , 1/2 . II (1911) . , ... , , , . , , , 1989, . 268.

133

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1850-70 (, ) , , (1877-1884). aper/] 1885 . ,, , . II 20 . .

, greenbacks . Law . Smith, Lectures on Jurisprudence [1776], 1982, . 515-521. assignat . Andrew Dickson White, Fiat Money Inflation in France, Forrest . Gapie (.), Major Inflations in History, - 1991, . 23-124. 18 . R. W. Weiss, The Issue of Paper Money in the American Colonies, J.E.H., . 30 (. 1970), 770-784 T. Thayer, The Land-bank System in the American Colonies, J.E.H., . 12 ( 1953), . 2, 145-159. , C. W. Calo-miris, Institutional Failure, Monetary Scarcity, and the Depreciation of Continental, J.E.H., . 48 ( 1988), . 1, 47-69.