1. LA FILOLGICA POR LA CAUSA LA FILOLGICA POR LA CAUSA, 1738.
LA FILOLGICA POR LA CAUSA, 1961. LA FILOLGICA POR LA CAUSA, 2015.
Collective Rights Reserved by $,2014. TDK Editorial Collegium,
2015. La Editorial $,2015. A VERY SHORT INTRODUCTION TO LA
FILOLGICA POR LA CAUSA1 PERPETUAL MEMBERS Academician ANDRS
FERNNDEZ PACHECO (17101746) Doctor GASPAR MELCHOR DE JOVELLANOS
(17441811) Doctor PASCHAL AUCHER (17621854) Don MANUEL JOS QUINTANA
(17721857) Doctor FRANCISCO MARTNEZ DE LA ROSA (17871862) Lord
GEORGE BYRON (17881824) HONOR DE BALZAC (17991850) Academician
GHEVOND ALISHAN (18201901) JOS ECHEGARAY (18321916) Professor
MICHEL BRAL (18321915) ALPHONSE DAUDET (18401850) Professor BENITO
PREZ GALDS (18431920) Academician JAN BAUDOUIN DE COURTENAY
(18451929) Professor JOHANN HEINRICH HBSCHMANN (18481908) Professor
FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE (18571913) Professor ANTOINE MEILLET
(18661936) Professor RAMN MENDEZ PIDAL (18691968) Academician IVAN
ALEKSEYEVICH BUNIN (18701953) YULI ISAEVICH EICHENWALD (18721928)
Academician HRACHIA ADJARIAN (18761953) Academician LEV V. SHCHERBA
(18801944) Academician VIKTOR V. VINOGRADOV (18951969) Professor
ROMAN O. JACOBSON (18961982) MIGUEL NGEL ASTURIAS (18991974)
Professor ALEXANDER A. REFORMATSKY (19001962) Doctor Honoris Causa
ALEJO CARPENTIER (19041980) Doctor GEORGES P. PASSELECQ (19091999)
Doctor JUAN RULFO (19181986) Professor HORACE G. LUNT (19182010)
Doctor JOSEPH N. ROSENTHAL (19232012) Doctor JACK L. CROSS
(19212011) Doctor MARIA GUTIER (19171993) Doctor ANTONINA P. LYUBOV
(19282011) Doctor MARK J. MOODY (19512011) DIRECTORS MARK M.
KARAMIAN, M.D., Ph.D. (USA/MEXICO) STANISLAV A. GOLOVAN, M.D.,
Ph.D. (USA/MEXICO) CRONISTA OFICIAL Y DEPUTADO ANTHONY BASHFORD,
Esq. (UK/USA) POSTHUMOUS MEMBERS Academician NATALIA YU. SHVEDOVA
(19162009) Doctor VERA P. FELICINA (19242013) Professor KIRILL S.
GORBACHEVICH (19252005) Doctor LYUDMILA I. BALAKHONOVA (19252010)
Doctor NIKOLAY V. SOLOVEV (19402006) The Honourable FLOYD ADAMS JR.
(19452014) Doctor ALEXANDER A. SHUSHKOV (19712013) DISTINGUISHED
MEMBERS Academician YURI D. APRESYAN (RAS/RUSSIA) Doctor DEBAPRASAD
BANDYOPADHYAY (INDIA) Professor NOAM CHOMSKY (MIT/USA) Professor
ALEXANDER S. GERD (SPbSU/RUSSIA) Doctor LIDIA IORDANSKAYA
(UdeM/CANADA) Colonel A.M.S. LILI IVANOVA (BULGARIA) Academician
NIKOLAY N. KAZANSKY (RAS/RUSSIA) Professor IGOR A. MELUK
(UdeM/CANADA) Professor ANNA WIERZBICKA (ANU/AUSTRALIA) Professor
ALEXANDER K. ZHOLKOVSKY (USC/USA) LIFETIME MEMBERS EUGNIE BOUBERON,
Ph.D. (FRANCE) ODETTE M. CARAVELLA, Ph.D. (FRANCE) MERCEDES DE LAS
SALAS, Ph.D. (FRANCE/ESPAA) PERMANENT MEMBERS ANTHONY BASHFORD,
Esq. (UK/USA) GLENDA COOK, Esq. (USA) EDGAR DURAKHANIAN, M.S.
(ARMENIA) ROMAN V. GAIDAMASHKO, Ph.D.* (RUSSIA) GOHAR GRIGORYAN,
Ph.D.* (ARMENIA) VICTOR V. KONOPLEV, M.S. (RUSSIA) GALINA S.
KRUGLYASHOVA, Ph.D. (USA) KEVIN ROSS LIKINS, M.Arch. (USA) VERA
MENA, M.A. (UK) SOFIA A. PAHLEVANIAN, Ph.D. (JAPAN) ALEX PAVISEL,
LL.D. (UK) This article will be featured in our upcoming projects,
THE HISTORY OF THE OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARY and 1 . The prototypes
are already published by 6: LONDON SAN FRANCISCO ACAPULCO, 2014. "1
ISBN-13: 978-1633151529 and ISBN-13: 978-1633154858
2. LA FILOLGICA POR LA CAUSA . , 1:2-4. ,717 ... , , , . , , ,
: D ; P ; D D . , ; , , ; , -- . , ; , , ; , - . To know wisdom and
discipline, to discern the sayings of understanding, to receive the
discipline that gives insight, righteousness and judgment and
uprightness, to give to the inexperienced ones shrewdness, to a
young man knowledge and thinking ability. Zu lernen Weisheit und
Zucht, Verstand; Klugheit, Gerechtigkeit, Recht und Schlecht; da
die Unverstndigen klug und die Jnglinge vernnftig und vorsichtig
werden. Pour connatre la sagesse et l'instruction, Pour comprendre
les paroles de l'intelligence; Pour recevoir des leons de bon sens,
De justice, d'quit et de droiture; Pour donner aux simples du
discernement, Au jeune homme de la connaissance et de la rflexion.
Ad sciendam sapientiam et disciplinam, ad intellegenda verba
prudentiae et suscipiendam eruditionem doctrinae iustitiam et
iudicium et aequitatem ut detur parvulis astutia adulescenti
scientia et intellectus. A VERY SHORT INTRODUCTION TO LA FILOLGICA
POR LA CAUSA CONTENTS 0. TO LEARN WISDOM AND DISCIPLINE OF
INSTRUCTION 1. THE ORIGIN AND THE FORMULA 2. RESEARCH AND FINDINGS
2.1 ANGLOLYSIS 2.2 FROM ABC TO THE DICTIONARY 2.3. RRC RESEARCH
PROJECT USAMEXICO 2.3.1 HUMAN VS. MACHINE 3. INTERESTS 3.1 THE
INTRADEPARTMENTAL LEXICOGRAPICAL STUDIO 3.2 3.3 THE INSTITUTE FOR
LINGUISTIC STUDIES OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 3.3.1 3.3.1.1
() 3.3.1.2 XVIII 3.3.1.3 XI-XIV 3.3.1.4 3.3.1.5 100- 3.3.1 THE
GREAT ACADEMIC DICTIONARY (): ACTIVE VS. PASSIVE 3.3.1.1 ACTIVE VS.
PASSIVE? 3.3.1.2 THE GAD AND ITS LEXICAL UNIVERSE 3.3.1.3 THE GREAT
ACADEMIC DICTIONARY: ACTIVE VS. PASSIVE? (40) 3.4 MOSCOW SEMANTIC
SCHOOL 3.5 THE MEANINGTEXT THEORY 3.6 SYSTEMIC LEXICOGRAPHY 3.6.1
3.6.2 3.6.3 3.6.4 3.6.5 3.6.6 3.6.7 3.6.8 3.7 3.8 3.8.1 3.7.2
3.8.2.1 : 3.8.2.2 : 3.8.2.3 3.8.2.4 3.9 LE DICTIONNAIRE EXPLICATIF
ET COMBINATOIRE DU FRANAIS CONTEMPORAIN 3.10 RUSSIAN IDEOGRAPHIC
LEXICOGRAPHY AND ITS THEORETICAL CONCEPTION 3.10.1 3.10.2 , .
3.10.3 3.10.4 3.10.5 3.10.6 3.11 RUSSIAN SEMANTIC LEXICOGRAPHY
3.11.1 3.11.2 3.11.3 3.11.4 4. BILINGUAL DICTIONARIES USED AT LA
FILOLGICA POR LA CAUSA 4.1 - 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4 (134) 4.1.5 :
5. THE SCHOOL OF FLUENCY 5.1 LIFELING LEARNING: ACADEMIC DEGREES
5.2 DISERTATION PROPOSALS AT TEH SCHOOL OF FLUENCY 6. LA CASA
EDITIRIAL P 6.1 LA CASA EDITORIAL P: PUBLICATIONS 7. TDK EDITORIAL
COLLEGIUM: LOOKING INTO THE FUTURE 8. BIBLIOGRAPHY 9. LITERATURE
10. ABBREVIATIONS Key words: Anglolysis, multilingual studies,
Monolingual VS. Bilingual VS. Muti- lingual, brain capacity,
memory, Rusistics, philology, language, linguistics, mathematical
linguistics, structural linguistics, applied linguistics,
psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, RRC (Read and Reread
Comprehension (RRC) of Retrieval Human VS. Machine Memory Research
Project USA Mexico), From ABC to the Dictionary in Spacetime Linear
and Cyclic Continuum spacetime linear continuum, spacetime cyclic
continuum, MeaningText Theory, MTT, MSS (Moscow Semantic School),
ILS (Intradepartmental Lexicographical Studio), ( ), ( ),
semantics, lexical semantics, systemic lexicography, historic
lexicography, ideographic lexicography, bilingual lexicography,
education, history, lifelong learning, publishing. "2 ISBN-13:
978-1633151529 and ISBN-13: 978-1633154858
3. LA FILOLGICA POR LA CAUSA 0. TO LEARN WISDOM AND DISCIPLINE
OF INSTRUCTION 0. , To learn wisdom and discipline of instruction,
to discern the words of the intellectually gifted, to accept the
instruction of wisdom that gives insight of reasoning, truth,
rights and uprightness, as well; to give prudence to the
inexperienced, and to give the youth knowledge, discretion and
depth of thinking ability to reason An2 intellectually shiny man
shall be a great listener in order to advance his knowledge in
education, and distinguished wise men shall give excellent lectures
to be able to lead and carry on 1. THE ORIGIN AND THE FORMULA , , .
(18701953). [Per THE CONSTITUTION OF LA FILOLGICA POR LA CAUSA:
ARTICLE I and ARTICLE II.] La Filolgica por la Causa is a private
and self-governed collaborative society of learned men of letters,
unencumbered by past and current religious, political and
economical principles; and anticipating to become a vital and
utilitarian element of the agenda of the 5 (+ ), or, in other
respects, it is inclined towards nihilism. La Filolgica por la
Causa enables its members to benet from projects undertaken in ways
that would not otherwise be possible on an individual basis. La
Filolgica por la Causa studies, investigates, examines and analyzes
the subject of our interest philology the study of language in
written historical sources through combining literary criticism,
history, applied and mainly eld linguistics. We dene philology as
the study of literary texts and written records, the establishment
of their authenticity in their original or translated form, and the
determination of their signication within the eternity of the . La
Filolgica por la Causa was initiated by academician Andrs Fernndez
Pacheco (17101746), and was established in 1738 by los Literatos of
la Real Academia Espaola. At age 16 Andrs Fernndez Pacheco became a
member of la Real Academia Espaola. At that time most of the
Caribbean Islands and the Americas were under Spanish rule. La
Filolgica por la Causa was born within the walls of la Real y
Ponticia Universidad de San Gernimo de la Habana, established 1728.
It was in existence as an autonomous society off la Real y
Literaria Universidad de la Habana until 1870. Laterla Filolgica
por la Causa was amalgamated with the University of Havana to put
the foundations of todays la Facultad de Artes y Letras. The spirit
of collective activity, vision of a synthesis of knowledge, and
emphasis on a socially dened commitment to scholarship was what
motivated la Filolgica por la Causa. During the years between 1835
and 1845 la Filolgica por la Causa was endorsed and supported by
one of its greatest advocates, honoris P. Paschcal Aucher, D.D.
(1762-1854). Famous Literatos and linguists who endorsed the
society and became part of it include: Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos
(17441811); Manuel Jos Quintana (17721857); Francisco Martnes de la
Rosa (17871862); George Noel Byron (17881824); Honor de Balzac
(17991850); Ghevond Alishan (1820-1901); Jos Echegaray (18321916);
Alphonse Daudet (18401850); Benito Prez Galds (18431920); Jan
Baudouin de Courtenay (18451929); Johann H. Hbschmann (18481908);
Ferdinand de Saussure (18571913); Ramn Menndez Pidal (18691968);
Ivan A. Bunin (18701953); Hrachia Adjarian (18761953); Lev V.
Shcherba (18801944); Viktor V. Vinogradov (18951969); Roman O.
Jacobson (18961982); Miguel ngel Asturias (18991974); Alexander A.
Reformatsky (19001962); Alejo Carpentier (19041980); Georges P.
Passelecq (19091999); Juan Rulfo (19181986) etc. La Filolgica por
la Causa has been an inuential group of literary critics and
linguists, who came together with the common desire to create a new
approach to philology: the letters and education, then later in the
mid XIX century to linguistics, as well. La Filolgica por la Causa
is one of the oldest erudite societies, devoted to the scholarly
study of languages, investigation and promotion of the study and
knowledge of the structure, the afnities, and the history of
languages. The ideal to scholarship became the societys motto:
Pensa Globalmente La Filolgica por la Causa has a particular
interest in classical philology, historical and comparative
linguistics. The society maintains its long- established interest
in the structure, development, and diversication of several major
languages. La Filolgica por la Causa rmly believes that "the
greatest error of all [advancement of learning] is, mistaking the
ultimate end of knowledge; for some King Solomon. Mshl Shlomoh,
Tanakh [1:2-4]. Jerusalem, 717 BCE. The rst Armenian text is taken
from the original, the rst translation, usually known as the Queen
of All Translations2 by Sahak Partev and Mesrop Mashtots, Armenia,
A.D. 405. "3 ISBN-13: 978-1633151529 and ISBN-13:
978-1633154858
4. LA FILOLGICA POR LA CAUSA men covet knowledge out of a
natural curiosity and inquisitive temper; some to entertain the
mind with variety and delight; some for ornament and reputation;
some for victory and contention; many for lucre and a lively-hood;
and but few for employing the Divine gift of reason to the use and
benet of mankind.3 La Filolgica por la Causa provides its students
private education and training of excellent quality at
undergraduate and postgraduate level. Dr. Joseph N. Rosenthal
established new standards of encouraging students of the highest
calibre, and facilitated appropriate international experience for
our members and students likewise. Select students stay with la
Filolgica por la Causa and never leave us, since the process of
education is innite and incomplete just like our Universe. Our
ongoing effort is a continuous process to attract brilliant
students and members, who are essential for the conservation of la
Filolgica por la Causas undiminished academic status. La Filolgica
por la Causa strives to preserve linguistic knowledge, to open the
minds of our students and members to the by enabling them to take
the best advantage of what we offer. Education at la Filolgica por
la Causa should emancipate our devotees and members to explore, to
create, to challenge, to lead and to win. Being a student at la
Filolgica por la Causa is a lifelong learning experience. The
learning process never ends, and we do not understand the idea of
completing or graduating, since no one can either complete a course
or graduate from la Filolgica por la Causa. The nature of lifelong
learning is examined in the wider context of psychological
considerations, concerning mans abilities, the way in which
knowledge is acquired, and how it is communicated by means of
language and the alphabet. Different conceptions of the nature of
man and of the relation of several important capacities surround
the question of lifelong learning (Vid. 5.1). 2. RESEARCH AND
FINDINGS [Per THE CONSTITUTION OF LA FILOLGICA POR LA CAUSA:
ARTICLE II, Section 2] La Filolgica por la Causa has been
developing and is engaged in the following disciplines: 1. the
theory Anglolysis which was inaugurated in 1951;4 2. the theory
From ABC to the Dictionary in Spacetime Linear and Cyclic Continuum
which was inaugurated in 1951; 3. the theory Read and Reread
Comprehension (RRC) of Retrieval Human VS. Machine Memory Research
Project USAMexico which was inaugurated in 1993. These three
academic disciplines in linguistics are dened by their study of a
unique dimension of our experience and results, accumulated from
the 1950s. Dimensions or facets of experience are not concrete
ideas, but aspects of factual ndings. Each aspect therefore
provides a guarantee of the uniqueness of the discipline studied by
la Filolgica por la Causa. It provides us with an angle from which
we can proceed to form concepts of phenomena within a certain
domain. At la Filolgica por la Causa linguistics is instructed as
the scientic study of language. It encompasses all aspects of human
language, seeking answers to fundamental questions about how
language works. We look at linguistics as an academic research
discipline with practical applications for a wide range of
contemporary issues and concerns. Studying linguistics at la
Filolgica por la Causa, whether in an introductory course or a PhD
programme, our students gain insight into what makes us
humanlanguage. Studying linguistics enables us to learn how
language works, how it changes and varies and how it is used,
preserved, processed and documented in dictionaries. Analyzing
linguistics makes us bridge almost every discipline. Most of la
Filolgica por la Causa members are much more than polyglots,
grammarians, and word lovers. They are dedicated to the scientic
study of language. The science of language encompasses phonetics,
grammar, meaning and much more. We apply the scientic method to the
study of language, making observations, forming and testing
hypotheses, developing models and theories. 2.1 ANGLOLYSIS
anglolysis, n. [The scientific analytical discipline of the English
language, usually developed and sectioned into three categories:
language form, language meaning, and language in context.]
Pronunciation Brit. /glulisis/ , US. /gllsis/ Forms: see Anglo-
[OED2, volume 1, page 465] and -lysis [OED2, volume IX, page 142]
Etymology: < Anglo- + -lysis >. Originally a. med. (or early
mod.) Latin, combining form of Angl-us English (as in anglophile,
anglophobe, Anglo-American etc.) via French, and is ultimately
derived from Old English Englisc "English" + Latin analysis (found
c 1470) a. Greek , n. of action f. - to unloose, undo, f. up, back
+ - to loose + , suffix, repr. Greek - in nouns of action, as in
analysis, dialysis, hydrolysis, electrolysis, arsis, merisis,
peristalsis. Also in some nouns denoting a specified diseased
state, as dialysis, filariasis, leishmaniasis, phthisis, psoriasis,
psittacosis, sepsis etc. The word comes from Latin Anglus "English"
via French, and is ultimately derived from Old English Englisc
"English" + (analusis, "a breaking up", from ana- "up, throughout"
and lysis "a loosening or splitting. hist. since 21th cent. Francis
Bacon, Advancement of Learning. Yale Classics, Vol. 23, Page 23,
Timothy Dwight Edition, London & New York, 1899.3 ISBN-13:
978-1622094240. .4 "4 ISBN-13: 978-1633151529 and ISBN-13:
978-1633154858
5. LA FILOLGICA POR LA CAUSA ANGLOLYSIS discusses From ABC to
the Dictionary phonetics,5 phonology, alphabet, morphology,
grammar, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, and the philosophy of the
English language. The essence of English studies for ANGLOLYSIS
includes general philology, historism, semantism, lexicography
which is very relative and partially proportionate to Aristotelian
methods of instrument, The Organon: Praedicamenta or Categories:
Substance, Quantity, Quality, Relation, Place, Time, Position,
Possession of state and Condition: Habitus, Action and Affection or
Interpretation (1) or the relationship between language and logic
in a comprehensive, explicit, and formal way; A Priori (2) or
theoretically deductive reasoning; A Posteriori (3) or practically
factual demonstration, denition and scientic knowledge; Art of
Dialectical Syllogism (4): Propositions, Number of Senses of a
Term, Differences and Similarities; Sophistical Refutations (5) or
Verbal and Material Fallacies. ANGLOLYSIS calls for an examination
of every type of signication and every kind of symbol. These
dynamic matters of verbal communication, alphabet, grammar, syntax,
written word, literature, philology, Dictionary or the ultimate
manifestation of the English language, tempered through the ames of
the time scale of the history of our civilization, are closely
related to the problems of the English language, and therefore, are
and will be touched upon throughout the entire theory, since this
process has been taking place in time and space: a forever
renewable process from point zero to innity... ANGLOLYSIS is the
scientic analysis of the English language. Anglolysis is sectioned
into three categories: 1. Language Form; 2. Language Meaning; 3.
Language in Context. One subeld of ANGLOLYSIS is the study of the
English language structure, or grammar. This focuses on the system
of rules followed by the users of a language. ANGLOLYSIS includes
the study of morphology (the formation and composition of words),
syntax (the formation and composition of phrases and sentences from
these words), and phonology (sound systems). Phonetics is a related
discipline to ANGLOLYSIS, concerning the actual properties of
speech sounds and non-speech sounds, and how they are produced and
perceived. The study of language meaning is concerned with how
languages employ logical structures and real-world references to
convey, process, and assign meaning, as well as to manage and
resolve ambiguity. This category includes the study of semantics
(how meaning is inferred from words and concepts) and pragmatics
(how meaning is inferred from context). ANGLOLYSIS also looks at
the broader context in which language is inuenced by social,
cultural, historical and political factors. This includes the study
of evolutionary linguistics, which investigates questions related
to the origins and the growth of languages; historical linguistics,
which explores language change; sociolinguistics, which looks at
the relations between linguistic variation and social structures;
psycholinguistics, which explores the representation and function
of language in the mind; neurolinguistics, which looks at language
processing in the brain; language acquisition, on how children or
adults acquire language; and discourse analysis, which involves the
structure of texts and conversations. ANGLOLYSIS is the scientic
study of the English language. A number of other intellectual
disciplines are relevant to language and intersect with it.
Semiotics, for example, is the general study of signs and symbols
both within language and without. Literary theorists study the use
of language in literature. ANGLOLYSIS draws on and informs work
from such diverse elds as acoustics, anthropology, biology,
computer science, human anatomy, informatics, neuroscience,
philosophy, psychology, sociology and speech-language pathology.
2.2 FROM ABC TO THE DICTIONARY Ein empirisches Ganzes, eine
historische Masse, in der jedes Wort als einzelnes Factum
erscheint, das zu den brigen in gewissen chronologischen
Verhltnissen steht, und durch diese sowohl seiner ersten Erzeugung,
als seinen fernern Modicationen nach vielfach bedingt ist ... Es
ist schon angedeutet, dass die Nachweisung des Schriftstellers der
ein jedes Wort gebraucht hat, eine chronologische Bestimmung
enthalten msse: es folgt also, dass nicht der erste, der beste;
sondern der lteste als erste Auctoritt fr das Wort, das zur Sprache
kommt, angefhrt werden muss (Passow 1812, 26; 32).6 Franz Ludwig
Carl Friedrich Passow (1786-1833). The notion of from ABC to the
Dictionary is the formula of our approach to a given language.
Everything of any form of existence, nature, essence of matter and
antimatter, occupying the space between ABC and the Dictionary is
such a vast accumulation of substance, that a lifetime devotion to
this discipline is never enough! Writing very few thoughts on
modern education took our global intelligentsia more than three
thousand ve hundred years due to the recording of the entire
process of the birth of lifelong learning, and its further journey
into the future, ready for new and reasonable changes, only if
visionary insight is implemented. La Filolgica por la Causa raises
questions, concerning the elements of current education VS.
lifelong learning: the training of new mans body, the formation of
his new character, the cultivation of his new mind, and how are
these related to one another? The answer is in the individuals mind
without answering the question, since its argument ANGLOLYSIS is a
newly coined word by Mark Karamian.5 [an empirical whole, a
historical mass, in which each word gures as a single fact, which
stands in a particular chronological relationship to the
remainderand on this, both its rst6 creation and its further
modications depend in many ways. ... We have already suggested that
the indication of the writer who has used a particular word must
include a chronological specication; it therefore follows that the
rst authority adduced for a word which comes into the language
should not be the rst in quality, the best, but rather the
earliest.] "5 ISBN-13: 978-1633151529 and ISBN-13:
978-1633154858
6. LA FILOLGICA POR LA CAUSA can be philosophically complex, or
simply impossible to materialize it according to ones mental
capacity which, in its turn, is directly pertinent to the void of
reasoning and understanding the signication of the . Mans World, in
the nal analysis, is embraced with a word, or with the accumulation
of words in various combinations created solely by man naming all
the things available or unavailable to him, material or immaterial,
visible or invisible, physical or mental, elegant or sloven,
general or specic, closer or further, negative or positive, limited
or innite, natural or articial, human and divine At la Filolgica
por la Causa knowing and understanding are closely looked upon as
completely different concepts, representing two or more different
worlds that were either given to him, or acquired, regardless of
his conscience, the sense of right and wrong; regardless of his
will, determination or preference. From ABC to the Dictionary is a
system of rationally organized and prudently developed series of
consequential events that display a transparent notion of the
essence of the evolutionary progress of this particular pragmatic
methodology in scholastic linguistic discipline of , , , and
especially the eternal : I. lingua simplex; II. verbal
communication before the origin of the writing system; III. :
phonetics or speech sounds; IV. : the origin of the alphabet; V. :
phonology phonemes; VI. : morphology, resulting in word creation or
promoting lexical developments; VII. 55: grammar as a direct result
of alphabetic existence; VIII. : syntax: the formation of phrases
and sentences; A. recording and documentation of speech matter; B.
: literature as a direct result of the process of documentation; C.
: philological developments; IX. 5: semantics, resulting in literal
meaning of phrases and sentences; A. variations of the written
signification; B. expansion of literary materials; X. 5:
pragmatics, resulting in meaning in context of discourse; XI. A:
lexical analysis; XII. 5 5: documenting syntagmatic and
paradigmatic shifts; XIII. : philosophy of words, phrases and
sentences; XIV. : cybernetics of lexical science; and XV. :
dictionary as a momentarily taken lexicographical picture of the
ever-changing language. At la Filolgica por la Causa we closely
examine requisite and dynamic matters of Verbal communication
(phoneme & or verbal lexis) 7 8 Alphabet (& or writing
system) Grammar (&&: structural rules governing the
composition) Syntax (: principles and rules for sentence formation)
Written word (: graphic and textual lexis, semantic and pragmatic
lexicon) Literature (, belle-lettres) Philology (: love or
affection for literary studies, history and linguistics) Dictionary
(: the ultimate manifestation of lexicography [from Gr. - ]) ,
tempered through the flames of the time scale of the9 10 history of
our civilization, are closely related to the problems of our
language, and therefore, are and will be touched upon throughout
the entire production process of lifelong learning, since this
process has been taking place in time and space a forever renewable
pragmatic process from point 0 ; and in most cases from negative to
positive based on Aristotelian + & + + & = G [ad
infinitum].11 PRMBULA 1. POTENTIAL INFINITE VS. ACTUAL INFINITE.
One of the most important contributions that Aristotle made to the
study of innity is identifying a dichotomy between what Aristotle
calls the potential innite and the actual innite. Thepotential
inniteis a group of numbers or group of anything that continues
without terminating, going on or repeating itself over and over
again with no recognizable ending point. What distinguishes the
potential innite and gives it the characteristic of being potential
is the idea that if one were to take a sliver, or examine just one
isolated portion of that innite set of numbers, one would be able
to capture or observe a nite set of numbers. The obvious example is
the grouping of natural numbers. No matter where the reference
point is while listing or counting out natural numbers, there
always exists another number to proceed the one before. Also, a
geometric line with a starting point could extend without end, but
could still be potentially innite because all one would have to do
is add on more length to a nite length to allow it to extend it
further. Theactual inniteinvolves never-ending sets or anything
within a space that has a beginning and end; it is a series that is
technically completed but consists of an innite number of members.
According to Aristotle, actual innities cannot exist because they
are paradoxical. It is impossible to say that you can always take
another step or add another member in a completed set with a
beginning and end, unlike a potential innite. It is ultimately
Aristotles rejection of the actual innite that allowed him to
refute Zenos paradox. Although Aristotle did disprove the existence
of the actual innite nally, and tended to reject a lot of major
concepts in mathematics, the importance of mathematics was still
never belittled in Aristotles eyes. Aristotle argued that actual
The word phoneme was suggested and coined by Baudouin de Courtenay
himself.7 R. J. Lloyd, Die Neueren Sprachen, III, page 615*, [the
word phoneme was rst time used in world literature] 1896.8 * There
are a few of these terms which the author [scientist J. Baudoin de
Courtenay] still thinks valuable and retains. One of these is the
term phoneme invented by Kruszewski [long after Baudouin de
Courtenay] I take it that the various sounds which are accepted as
identical by any speaking community are one phoneme, though they
may differ considerably in actual sound". Die Neueren Sprachen,
volume III, page 615, Marburg in Hessen, Germany, 1896. Mark
Karamian, Anglolysis, The Dynamic Cycle from the Spoken Word to the
Dictionary, chapter 6, page 93, Acapulco & Savannah, 2006.9 The
specication of either the rate at which time passes, or points in
time, or both which counts periods of some cyclic change, which may
be either the changes of a natural phenomenon10 or of an articial
machine. Aristotle. Physics, 203b 33 and 204a 1819, 206a 22, 206b
56 [in order to reconcile the notion of potentially innite
processes].11 D6 ISBN-13: 978-1633151529 and ISBN-13:
978-1633154858
7. LA FILOLGICA POR LA CAUSA innity as it is not applicable to
geometry and the UNIVERSAL, is not relevant to mathematics, making
potential innity all that actually is important. This option of
view on POTENTIAL INFINITE or ACTUAL INFINITE is left open in our
studies. La Filolgica por la Causa considers the actual process of
learning as a sacred devotion that takes place outside of regular
educational institutions, and is thus also decentralized and
re-shaped according to the principles of understanding the . 2.3.
RRC RESEARCH PROJECT USAMEXICO Memory is, therefore, neither
Perception nor Conception, but a state or affection of one of
these, conditioned by lapse of time. As already observed, there is
no such thing as memory of the present while present, for the
present is object only of perception, and the future, of
expectation, but the object of memory is the past. All memory,
therefore, implies a time elapsed; consequently only those animals
which perceive time remember, and the organ whereby they perceive
time is also that whereby they remember (, && & [On
Memory and Reminiscence], 350 B.C.E.). Aristotle (384 322 B.C.E.).
RRC Research Project USAMexico is the second branch of Dr. Mark J .
Moodys Retrieval Time As a Function of Memory Set Size, Type of
Probes, and Interference in Recognition Memory. RRC Research
Project seeks to formulate a revised model of READING AND
RE-READING information processing that takes into account our
research on Human VS. Machine retrieval memory, translation, memory
storage, selective attention, Effortful VS. Automatic processing,
and the mutual constraints tension that these areas create between
one another. One distinctive aspect of the proposed model of Read
and Reread Comprehension (RRC) of Retrieval Human VS. Machine
Memory is the inclusion of two phases of sensory storage in each
modality. The rst phase extends sensation of several hundred
milliseconds, whereas the second phase is a vivid recollection of
sensation. The mechanism of at least the longer phase is the
activation of features in long-term memory, comparable to the
mechanism of non- sensory, short-term storage. Another distinctive
aspect of the model is that habituation or dishabituation and
central executive processes together are assumed to determine the
focus of attention, without the need for either an early or a late
attentional lter. RRC Research Project issues that contributing to
a comparison of models Human Translation VS. Machine Translation is
discussed with no arguments that we will never be able to replace
humans with machines. , , , , , , , , . , , , , , , , .12 . 2.3.1
HUMAN VS. MACHINE Although the brain-computer metaphor has served
cognitive psychology well, research in cognitive neuroscience has
revealed many important differences between brains and computers.
Appreciating these differences may be crucial to understanding the
mechanisms of neural information processing, and ultimately for the
creation of articial intelligence. Below, is reviewed the most
important of these differences, and the consequences to cognitive
psychology, failing to recognize them. Christopher H. Chatham.
Human VS. Machine Variations on Theme 1. Brains are Analogue;
Computers are Digital. Its easy to think that neurons are
essentially binary, given that they re an action potential if they
reach a certain threshold, and otherwise do not re. This supercial
similarity to digital 1s and 0s belies a wide variety of continuous
and non-linear processes that directly inuence neuronal processing.
For example, one of the primary mechanisms of information
transmission appears to be the rate at which neurons re an
essentially continuous variable. Similarly, networks of neurons can
re in relative synchrony or in relative disarray; this coherence
affects the strength of the signals received by downstream neurons.
Finally, inside each and every neuron is a leaky integrator
circuit, composed of a variety of ion channels and continuously
uctuating membrane potentials. Failure to recognize these important
subtleties may have contributed to Marvin Minksy & Seimour
Paperts infamous mischaracterization of perceptrons, a neural
network without an intermediate layer between input and output. In
linear networks, any function computed by a 3- layer network can
also be computed by a suitably rearranged 2-layer network. In other
words, combinations of multiple linear functions can be modeled
precisely by just a single linear function. Since their simple
2-layer networks could not solve many important problems, Minksy
& Papert reasoned that the larger networks also could not. In
contrast, the Karamian M., Golovan S. The History Of the Great
Academic Dictionary of the Russian Language, pp. 4345. 2: LONDON
SAN FRANCISCO ACAPULCO, 2014. b) ..,12 // : . .,1997. .195. D7
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8. LA FILOLGICA POR LA CAUSA computations, performed by more
realistic (i.e., nonlinear) networks are highly dependent on the
number of layers thus, perceptrons grossly underestimate the
computational power of neural networks. Human VS. Machine
Variations on Theme 2: The Brain Uses Content-Addressable Memory In
computers, information in memory is accessed by polling its precise
memory address. This is known as byte-addressable memory. In
contrast, the brain uses content-addressable memory, such that
information can be accessed in memory through spreading activation
from closely related concepts. For example, thinking of the word
fox may automatically spread activation to memories related to
other clever animals, fox-hunting horseback riders, or attractive
members of the opposite sex. The end result is that your brain has
a kind of built-in Google, in which just a few cues (key words) are
enough to cause a full memory to be retrieved. Of course, similar
things can be done in computers, mostly by building massive indices
of stored data, which then also need to be stored and searched
through for the relevant information. Incidentally, this is pretty
much what Google does, with a few twists. Although this may seem
like a rather minor difference between computers and brains, it has
profound effects on neural computation. For example, a lasting
debate in cognitive psychology concerned whether information is
lost from memory because of simply decay or because of interference
from other information. In retrospect, this debate is partially
based on the false assumption that these two possibilities are
dissociable, as they can be in computers. Many are now realizing
that this debate represents a false dichotomy. Compare the brain
activities, related to the decay or interference from other
information in Multilingual VS. Bilingual VS. Monolingual Persons.
Human VS. Machine Variations on Theme 3: The Brain Is a Massively
Parallel Machine; Computers are Modular and Serial An unfortunate
legacy of the brain-computer metaphor is the tendency for cognitive
psychologists to seek out modularity in the brain. For example, the
idea that computers require memory has lead some to seek for the
memory area, when in fact these distinctions are far more
disorderly. One consequence of this over-simplication is that we
are only now learning memory regions, such as the hippocampus, are
also important for imagination, the representation of novel goals,
spatial navigation, and other diverse functions. Similarly, one
could imagine there being a language module in the brain, as there
might be in computers with natural language processing programmess.
Cognitive psychologists even claimed to have found this module,
based on patients with damage to a region of the brain known as
Brocas area. More recent evidence has shown that language, too, is
computed by widely distributed and domain-general neural circuits,
and Brocas area may also be involved in other computations. Human
VS. Machine Variations on Theme 4: Processing Speed is Not Fixed in
the Brain; There Is No System Clock The speed of neural information
processing is subject to a variety of constraints, including the
time for electrochemical signals to traverse axons and dendrites,
axonal myelination, the diffusion time of neurotransmitters across
the synaptic cleft, differences in synaptic efcacy, the coherence
of neural ring, the current availability of neurotransmitters, and
the prior history of neuronal ring. Although there are individual
differences in something psychometricians call processing speed,
this does not reect a monolithic or unitary construct, and
certainly nothing as concrete as the speed of a microprocessor.
Instead, psychometric processing speed probably indexes a
heterogenous combination of all the speed constraints mentioned
above. Similarly, there does not appear to be any central clock in
the brain, and there is debate as to how clock-like the brains
time-keeping devices actually are. What about the mechanism of
action of Circadian Rhythm? To use just one example, the cerebellum
is often thought to calculate information involving precise timing,
as required for delicate motor movements; however, recent evidence
suggests that time-keeping in the brain bears more similarity to
ripples on a pond than to a standard digital clock. Human VS.
Machine Variations on Theme 5: Short-Term Memory Is Not Like RAM
Although the apparent similarities between RAM and short-term or
working memory emboldened many early cognitive psychologists, a
closer examination reveals strikingly important differences.
Although RAM and short-term memory both seem to require power
sustained neuronal ring in the case of short-term memory, and
electricity in the case of RAM short-term memory seems to hold only
pointers to long term memory, whereas RAM holds data that is
isomorphic to that being held on the hard disk. Unlike RAM, the
capacity limit of short-term memory is not xed; the capacity of
short-term memory seems to uctuate with differences in processing
speed (see Variations on Theme) as well as with expertise and
familiarity. Human VS. Machine Variations on Theme 6: No
Hardware/Software Distinction Can Be Made with Respect to the Brain
or Mind For years it was tempting to imagine, that the brain was
the hardware on which a mind programme or mind software is
executing. This gave rise to a variety of abstract programme-like
models of cognition, in which the details of how the brain actually
executed those programmes was considered irrelevant, in the same
way that a Java programme can accomplish the same function as a C++
programme. D8 ISBN-13: 978-1633151529 and ISBN-13:
978-1633154858
9. LA FILOLGICA POR LA CAUSA Unfortunately, this appealing
hardware/software distinction obscures an important fact: the mind
emerges directly from the brain, and changes in the mind are always
accompanied by changes in the brain. Any abstract information
processing account of cognition will always need to specify how
neuronal architecture can implement those processes otherwise,
cognitive modeling is grossly underconstrained. Some blame this
misunderstanding for the infamous failure of symbolic AI. Human VS.
Machine Variations on Theme 7: Synapses Are Far More Complex Than
Electrical Logic Gates Another pernicious feature of the
brain-computer metaphor is that it seems to suggest, that brains
might also operate on the basis of electrical signals (action
potentials) traveling along individual logical gates.
Unfortunately, this is only half true. The signals which are
propagated along axons are actually electrochemical in nature,
meaning that they travel much slower, than electrical signals in a
computer, and that they can be modulated in myriad ways. For
example, signal transmission is dependent not only on the putative
logical gates of synaptic architecture, but also by the presence of
a variety of chemicals in the synaptic cleft the relative distance
between synapse and dendrites, and many other factors. This adds to
the complexity of the processing taking place at each synapse and
it is therefore profoundly wrong to think that neurons function
merely as transistors. Human VS. Machine Variations on Theme 8:
Unlike Computers, Processing and Memory are Performed by the Same
Components in the Brain Computers process information from memory
using CPUs, and then write the results of that processing back to
its memory. No such distinction exists in the brain. As neurons
process information they are also modifying their synapses which
are themselves the substrate of memory. As a result, retrieval from
memory always slightly alters those memories, usually making them
stronger, but sometimes making them less accurate. Human VS.
Machine Variations on Theme 9: The Brain s a Self-Organizing System
This point follows naturally from the previous point an experience,
that profoundly and directly shapes the nature of neural
information processing in a way, that it simply does not happen in
traditional microprocessors. For example, the brain is a
self-repairing circuit something known as trauma-induced
plasticity, triggering immediately after an injury. This can lead
to a variety of interesting changes, including some, that seem to
unlock unused potential in the brain, known as acquired savantism,
and others that can result in a profound cognitive dysfunction as
is unfortunately far more typical in traumatic brain injury and
developmental disorders. One consequence of failing to recognize
this difference has been in the eld of neuropsychology, where the
cognitive performance of brain- damaged patients is examined to
determine the computational function of the damaged region.
Unfortunately, because of the poorly-understood nature of
trauma-induced plasticity, the logic cannot be so straightforward.
Similar problems underlie work on developmental disorders and the
emerging eld of cognitive genetics, in which the consequences of
neural self-organization are frequently neglected . Human VS.
Machine Variations on Theme 10: Brains Have Bodies This is not as
trivial as it might seem: it turns out that the brain takes
surprising advantage of the fact, that it has a body at its
disposal. For example, despite ones intuitive feeling that one
could close ones eyes and know the locations of objects around
oneself, a series of experiments in the eld of change blindness has
shown that our visual memories are actually quite sparse. In this
case, the brain is ofoading its memory requirements to the
environment in which it exists: why bother remembering the location
of objects when a quick glance will sufce? A surprising set of
experiments by Jeremy Wolfe has shown that even after being asked
hundreds of times which simple geometrical shapes are displayed on
a computer screen, human subjects continue to answer those
questions by gaze rather than rote memory. A wide variety of
evidence from other domains suggests, that we are only beginning to
understand the importance of embodiment in information processing.
PRMBULA 2. THE ACTUAL DIFFERENCE. The brain is much, much bigger
than any [current] computer. Accurate biological models of the
brain would have to include some 225,000,000,000,000,000 (225
million billion) interactions between cell types,
neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, axonal branches and dendritic
spines, and that doesnt include the inuences of dendritic geometry,
or the approximately 1 trillion glial cells which may or may not be
important for neural information processing. Because the brain is
nonlinear, and because it is so much larger, than all current
computers, it seems likely that it functions in a completely
different fashion. The brain-computer metaphor obscures this
important, though perhaps obvious, difference in raw computational
power. 3. INTERESTS [Per THE CONSTITUTION OF LA FILOLGICA POR LA
CAUSA: ARTICLE II, Section 1, b)] At la Filolgica por la Causa we
study, learn or teach every single discipline of linguistic. We are
devotees of the achievements of Larins Lexicographical School of
St. Petersburg State University (Russia) also known as the
Intradepartmental Lexicographical Studio After Professor Boris
Larin, the Institute for Linguistic Studies of the Russian Academy
of Sciences; and are the loudest advocates of Moscow Semantic
School and its accomplishments. D9 ISBN-13: 978-1633151529 and
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10. LA FILOLGICA POR LA CAUSA La Filolgica por la Causa
investigates and promotes the study and knowledge of the structure,
the afnities, and principally the history of Russian, English,
Spanish, Armenian, Bulgarian, Greek and Latin languages, philology,
and chiey lexicography. 3.1 THE INTRADEPARTMENTAL LEXICOGRAPHICAL
STUDIO AFTER PROFESSOR BORIS LARIN (SPbSU, RUSSIA) . . . () . .. -
. 2010 . . 1 1960 .. ( -) - . () , : , . , , , , . .. , , , . .. -
XVI-XVII . ( 1 , 2004 .; 2 , 2006 .; 3 2010 .; 4 , 2011 .; 5 , 2012
.; 6 , 2014 . ). . .. , / XX . , , . .. , . , , .. . - - , , , , ,
. , . : ( , . ), . , , . , , , . . 3.2 () 13 . . . . . , , - , () ,
XX ., , , . 3040- XX ., . . .. . . . .13 D10 ISBN-13:
978-1633151529 and ISBN-13: 978-1633154858