tIcf]mTm-hen

Ãm≥tU¿Uv

tIc-f-k¿°m¿

hnZym-`ym-k-h-Ip∏v

Xbm-dm-°n-bXv

kwÿm\ hnZym-̀ ymk Kth-jW ]cn-io-e\ kanXn (SCERT), tIcfw

2015

ae-bmfw

VIII

JT 221

-1/ M

AL-8A

T

D≈-S°w

C\n-

• km{μ-kulrZw ................................................. 8

• AΩΩ .................................................................. 10

• hgn-bm{X .............................................................. 13

1 Rm\pW¿∂n-cn°mw 7

2hmbv°p∂p• ]q°-fpw B≠-dp-Xn-Ifpw ..................................... 20

• Im¿ap-In-en\v KZy-Øn¬

Hcp A¿®-\m-KoXw ................................. 24

• ap‡-I߃ .............................................................. 27

h¿W-߃ 19`qan°v

3 A\y-Po-h-\p-XIn

• Fs‚ Kpcp-\m-Y≥ ............................................. 32

• `qan-bpsS kz]v\w .............................................. 35

• thZw ....................................................................... 40

kzPo-hnXw 31

5 Ie-X≥

• Ce-™n-Ø-d-tafw ............................................. 66

• Io¿Øn-ap{Z .......................................................... 70

• Ifn-b-—≥ P\n-°p∂p ...................................... 75

• IhnX-tbmSv .......................................................... 79

X´p-tºmƒ 65Im¥n

4Imew

• amWnIyhoW .......................................................... 48

• [¿Ωn-jvT-\mb cmt[-b≥ .................................... 50

• s]cp-¥-®≥ ............................................................... 58

Z¿in® ckm-\p-̀ q-Xn-Iƒ 47

Nn{X-h¿W-߃

7C\n Rm\p-W¿∂n-cn°mw

1

Cu ]{X-hm¿Ø-tbmSv \nß-fpsS {]Xn-I-c-W-sa-¥mWv? N¿®sNøp-I.

C\n Rm\p-W¿∂n-cn°mw

hm¿[-Iy-Øn\v Xmßpw XW-ep-ambnkvIqƒhn-Zym¿Yn-Iƒ

hSIc : \ne-hn-fn-°m≥ t]mep-am-ImsXhm¿[-Iy-Øn¬ s\m¥p-I-gn-bp∂ apØ-—\pw apØ-»n°pw Bizmkw ]I-cm≥Xbm-dmbn Hcp-]‰w Ipcp-∂p- hn-Zym¿Yn-Iƒ.]d-ºn¬ F¬.-]n.-kvIqƒ hnZym¿Yn-I-fmWv thZ-\bpw IjvS-∏mSpw \nd-™-h¿°v km¥z-\-ta-Im≥ ssItIm¿°p-∂-Xv. hm¿[-Iy-am-bm¬ PohnXw ]n∂m-ºp-d-tIm-em-bnepw Ccp-́ p-ap-dn-I-fnepw hr≤-k-Z-\-ß-fn-ep-a-s√∂pw Pohn-X-km-bm”wCfw-X-e-ap-d-bvs°m-∏-am-I-W-sa-∂p-ap≈{]Jym-]-\-amWv Ip´n-Iƒ \S-Øn-b-Xv.

A©mw-Xcw ]mT-]p-kvX-I-ØnseIp™p-Æn-am-jpsS "ae-bm-f-sa∂ \me

-£-c-a-√, AΩ F∂ Hscm‰-£-c-am-sWs‚ ae-bmfw' F∂ hcn-Ifp-sS- N¿®-bv°n-S-bn-emWv hS-I-c-bnse Hcp hr≤-k-Z-\-Øn¬ Ign-bp-∂, Bdp a°sf{]k-hn® AΩsb-∏‰n AarX ]d-™-Xv. Pohn-X-km-bm”Øn¬ H‰-s∏-Sp-∂-h-sc-°p-dn®v ]Tn-°m≥ Ip´n-Iƒ Hcp-ßn-bn-d-ßn. kvIqƒ ]cn-k-cØv Fgp-]-Ø©phb- n\p apI-fn-ep≈ ]{¥≠v t]scCh¿ t\cn¬ I-≠p. kvt\lw sImXn-°p∂ Ah-cpsS IÆp-I-fmWv, Ah¿°vBizm-k-ta-Im-\p≈ ]≤Xn Bhn-jvI-cn-°m≥ kvIqfnse A[ym-]-I¿°pwhnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°pw t{]c-W-bm-b-Xv.

8 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

km{μkulrZwkmμo-]-\o-Krtl ]≠p kml-km¬ Ign-™Xpw \mw

kmZcw thZ-im-kv{X-ß-f-̀ y-kn-®Xpw

km{μ-ku-lr-Z-kw-_‘w \Ωn-ep-≠m-bXpw ktJ!

kmc-\mb `hm-s\m∂pw ad-∂n-√√o?

Kpcp-]-Xv\o-\n-tbm-tK\ IZm-N\ \msa-√mcpw

Hcp-an®p hnd-In-√m-™n´p t]mbXpw

s]cp-¶m-́ n¬ ]p°n-‘-\-sam-Sn-®p-sI-́ n-h-®Xpw

Acp-W-\-kvX-an-®Xpw ad-∂n-√√o?

Iqcn-cp-́ p-am-I-kvan-I-am-sbmcp alm-a-gbpw

IqSn-h∂p sImSp-¶m‰pw IqSo-́ -kvamIw

taml-tasd hf¿Ø-Xpap-j-t∏mfw XI¿ØXpw

Duln-®-SpØp \msa-√m-sam-cp-an-®Xpw

]m¿Øn-cn-bmsX ]d-∂p-t]m-an-°m‰-sØ-∂pƒ°m-ºn˛

tem¿sØmcp Xpc-∏n-\p-≈n-sem-fn-®-t\ym\yw

Nn{X-h¿W-߃

9C\n Rm\p-W¿∂n-cn°mw

tIm¿Øp ssIIƒ ]nSn-®Xpw ]ns∂-t∏-Sn-XocpwhÆw

am¿Øm-fi-\pap-Zn®Xpw ad-∂n-√√o?

Xm]-k-\-¥n-°p -\-tΩ-°m-Wm-™n´p ]Xv\n-tbmSp

tIm]n-®Xpw ]pe¿Imte Xnc-™p-Im-◊m≥

Xm]w]q≠p Xmt\ ]pd-s∏-́ -t\cw Ipfp¿∂p \mw

t]Sn®p hndIpw sIm≠-cn-In¬ sN∂-Xpw,

sNtΩ hoWp-\-a-kvI-cn-®Xpw alm-ap\n tamZm¬

\sΩ-sb-√m-a-\p-{K-ln-®Xpw tXm∂pt∂m?

\∑ \ap-°-tX-bp≈q Kpcp-I-Sm£w IqSmsX

P∑-km-̂ eyw hcptam P\n-®m-em¿°pw.

(IptN-e-hrØw h©n-∏m v́)˛cma-]p-c-Øv hm-cy¿

Imhy-̀ mKw DNnXamb `mhXmfßtfmsS AhXcn∏n°pI.

kXo¿Yys\ I≠t∏mƒ IrjvW\p≠mb Hm¿ΩIƒ Fs¥√mw?

]g-b-Im-e- Im-hy-̀ m-j-bpsS Fs¥√mw {]tXy-IX-Iƒ ]mT-̀ m-KØp≠v? Is≠Ønsb-gp-Xp-I.

kam-\ Xmf-ap≈ hcn-Iƒ Is≠-ØpI:

• Ipieam¿Kßf∂p tIƒ°pambncp∂n√ \o

hnik\w kpJnIsf hn⁄cm°p∂p.

• IYbaa IYbaa IYIfXnkmZcw

ImIp¬ÿeoeIƒ tI´m¬ aXnhcm

• \∑ \ap°tXbp≈q KpcpISm£w IqSmsX

P∑km^eyw hcptam P\n®mem¿°pw

ka`mh\ hf¿Øp∂hbmbncp∂p {]mNo\ KpcpIpe߃˛"km{μkulrZw' F∂ ]mT`mKw

Bkv]Zam°n Cu {]kvXmh\ hnebncpØpI.

injycpsS {]Xnk‘nIfn¬ X]n°p∂ Kpcp; {]Xnk‘nIsf ssItIm¿Øvv t\cnSp∂

injy¿. km{μkulrZw F∂ IhnXbnse a\ n¬ Xßn\n¬°p∂ Nn{XßfmWt√m Ch.

\nßfpsS hnZymebØnse kulrZm¥co£sØ°pdn®v Hc\p`h°pdn∏v Xbmdm°pI.

10 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

AΩΩCØ-hW kvIqƒ Xpd-∂-t∏mƒ Xs‚ aq∂m-asØ t]c-°p-́ n-sbbpw kvIqfn¬ tN¿°m≥ B

AΩΩ h∂n-cp-∂p. hoSn-\SpØ temh¿ ss{]adn hnZym-e-b-Øn¬\n∂v \memw ¢mkv Ign-™-

t∏mƒ Ah-s\bpw tlmì kuI-cy-ap≈ kvIqfn-te°p sIm≠p-h-cpI-bm-bn-cp-∂p. aqØ c≠p-

t]-scbpw CtX {]mb-Øn¬Øs∂-bmWv B kvIqfn-te°v AΩΩ sIm≠p-h-∂-Xv. Ah-cn¬

aqØ-h≥ Ct∏mƒ H≥]-Xn-se-Øn. Xmsg-bp-≈-bmƒ Ggn-epw.

C\n AΩΩ Xs‚ sNdnb ho´n¬ H‰-bv°m-Wv. Ht∂m¿Øm¬ AΩΩbv°v Bizm-k-am-Wv.

F∂m¬, Nn¥-Iƒ s]cp-Ip-t¥mdpw alm-k-¶-S-ß-fpw.

\mep-h¿jw-apºp aqØ-Ip-́ nsb kvIqfn¬ hnSm≥ h∂-t∏m-gmWv AΩΩsb BZyw ImWp-

∂Xv, Ic-®n¬ hSp-sI-́ nb apJw a\- ns‚ `nØn-bn¬ ]Xn™pInS-∂p. sh{]m-f-s∏´ \SØw

s]mdp-Xn-sI´ P∑-Øn-t‚-Xm-sW∂pw Rm≥ Xncn-®-dn-™p. IqsS-bp≈ Ip´n°p tlmÃ-en¬ Xma-

kn-°m-s\m∂pw Xm¬∏-cy-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p. AΩΩbpsS kmcn-bn¬Øqßn Ah≥ NnWp-ßn-b-Xv,

Nn{X-h¿W-߃

11C\n Rm\p-W¿∂n-cn°mw

B kvIqfn¬ Xs∂ tN¿t°≠ F∂p ]d-bm-

\m-Wv. sNdnb Ip´n-bt√, tlmì PohnXw

kzoI-cn-°m-s\m∂pw Bbn-´n-√-t√m. AΩ-Ω-

bpsS kvt\lw \pI¿∂v aXn-bm-bn-́ p-≠m-hn-√-

t√m Ah-\v. AΩΩbpsS IÆp-\n-d-™p. Dd-

™p-Iq-Snb k¶-S-߃ Aen-s™m-gp-Im≥ XpS-

ßn. s]m∂p-a-°sf F{X emfn-®m-emWp Xs‚

sImXn-b-S-ßp-I F∂v AΩΩ Ft∂mSp Xncn®p

tNmZn-®p. aq∂p a°-fpsS `mcw Xmßm≥ Ign-

bm-Ø-Xp-sIm-≠mWv aqØ-hs\ tlmÃ-en¬

tN¿°m≥ Xocp-am-\n-®-Xv. AΩ-bn-√mØ aq∂p

a°-sf-bmWp Xm≥ t]m‰p-∂-sX∂v AΩΩ ]d-

™-t∏mƒ apJsØ Npfn-hp-I-fn-te°pw IdpØ

]mSp-I-fn-te°pw Rm≥ t\m°n.

tXhn-tØhn h‰n-t∏mb InW-dmWv apºn¬.

F∂mepw s]mSn-bp-∂p≠v sXfn-\o-cv. F{X Zqc-

Øp-\n-∂mWv B AΩΩ hcp-∂Xv!

Ahs\ kvIqfnepw tlmÃ-enepw tN¿Øp

aS-ßn-t∏m-Ip-tºmƒ AΩΩ Gßn°c-™p.

Aßs\ Ic-bp∂ Hc-Ω-Ωsb Pohn-X-Øn¬

BZy-ambn ImWp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. A{Xbv°p

s]cp-Ip∂ k¶-S-ß-fpsS A¿Yw ]n∂o-Sm-sW-

\n°p a\- n-em-b-Xv.

hn[-h-bmWv B AΩΩ. aq∂p t]c-°p-́ n-I-

sfbpw t]m‰nhf¿Øm≥ AΩΩXs∂ A[zm-

\n-°-Ww. aq∂m-asØ t]c-°p-́ n°p c≠p hb-

 p-≈-t∏m-gmWp Ip´n-I-fpsS AΩ ac-W-s∏-Sp-

∂-Xv. B acWw km[m-cWac-Wtam Zp¿Ω-c-

Wtam Bbn-cp-∂n-s√∂v AΩΩ ]d-™-t∏m-

gmWv AΩΩbpsS IÆocv Xnf-ßp∂ Hcp

kqNn-bmbn amdn-bXpw Fs‚ IÆn¬ sIm≠

Xpw F\n°p IÆo¿ s]mSn-™Xpw.

B aIƒ Htcsbmcp aIfmbn-cp∂p.

BWpw s]Æp-ambn H∂v.

Ah-fpsS ̀ ¿Ømhv XnI™ aZy-]m-\n-bm-bn-

cp-∂p. Ie-ln® Pohn-X-Øn¬\n∂p-X-s∂-bmWv

aq∂p Ip´n-Ifpw ]nd-∂-Xv.

emfn®p hf¿Ønb Xs‚ aIsf AΩΩ Hcn-

°epw tPmen-sN-øm≥ hn´n-√. ]Icw AΩΩ

]Wn-sb-Sp-°m≥ t]mbn. AΩΩ ]Wn-sNbvXp

sIm≠p-h-cp∂ ]Ww-sIm-s≠-¶nepw Ahs‚

apJw sXfn-b-s´-sb∂pw Ie-l-an-√m-Xm-h-s´-

sb∂pw AΩΩ B{K-ln-®p ImW-Ww. ]t£,

Ah\v Hcp am‰hpw h∂n-√. AΩ-hn-f°v DuXn-

s°-SpØn ]d-°-ap-‰mØ aq∂p a°sf Ccp-́ n-

te°p X≈n Ah-cpsS Ic-®n-ep-Iƒ°p ImXp-

sIm-Sp-°msX Ah≥ Ftßmt´m HmSn-t∏m-bn.

AsXms° Ign-™n-́ n-t∏mƒ F´p h¿j-am-

bn. Ic-bmØ H‰Znhkw t]mepw ]ns∂

AΩΩbpsS Pohn-X-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-́ n-√. t]c-°p-

´n-Iƒ°p hnf-ºn-s°m-Sp-°p∂ I™nbn¬

IÆocp∏v F{X hoW-en -™n-´p -s≠∂pw

AΩΩbv°dn-bn-√. tlmÃ-en-ep≈ Ip´nsb

CSbv°v h∂p ImWpw AΩΩ. Ahs‚ Bh-

iy-ßfpw Bh-em-Xn-Ifpw tIƒ°p-tºmƒ

XpWnk©n-bn¬\n∂p ]n™n-°o-dnb t]gvkv

]pd-sØ-SpØv AΩΩ \n∂p ]cpßp-∂Xp

Rm≥ I≠n-́ p-≠v. Nn√-d-Øp-́ p-I-fn¬ IÆo-cp-

\-\®v AΩΩ Ah\p sImSp-°pw. hmin-]n-Sn-

®n´p Imcy-an-s√∂v Adn-bm-hp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v Ah-

\Xv taSn-°pw. F{Xtbm XhW Rm\Xp I≠n-

´p-≠v.

c≠p-h¿jw Ign-™-t∏mƒ c≠m-a-Ø-h-

t\bpw tlmÃ-en¬ tN¿Øp. Ct∏mƒ aq∂m-a-

Ø-h-s\bpw! IÆocv \\®p \¬tI≠ Nn√-d-

Øp-´p-I-fpsS FÆw h¿[n-°p-I-bm-Wv. B

t]gvkm-hs´, IqSp-X¬ ]n™n-°o-dp-Ibpw

sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p.

aq∂p Ip´n-I-sfbpw tlmÃ-en¬ sIm≠p-hn-

-́tXmsS AΩΩ h√m-Xm-bn-́ p-≠v. a°-fpsS NqSn-

√mØ ho´n¬ AΩΩ XWpØp hnd-bv°p-∂p-

≠m-h-Ww. icn°pw Dd-ßm≥ ]‰p-∂p-≠m-hn-

s√∂v Adn-bmw. GIm-¥X Ak-l-\o-b-am-bn-

cn-°pw. AΩ-bn-√mØ Ip´n-Isf s\t©mSp

tN¿Øp]nSn -®mWp hf¿tØ-≠-sX∂v

AΩΩbv°dn-bm-™n-́ -√. Ah-cpsS Bh-iy-ß-

sfm∂pw \nd-th-‰m≥ Ign-bm-Ø-Xp-sIm≠pw

Ah-cpsS ]T-\-sØ-s®m√n henb {]Xo-£-Iƒ

D≈-Xp-sIm≠pw am{X-amWv Ahsc tlmÃ-en¬

hn´Xv. Ct∏mƒ CS-bv°nsS aq∂p t]tcbpw

ImWm≥ AΩΩ hcpw.JT 221

-3/ M

AL-8A

T

12 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

AΩΩbpsS ImXp-Iƒ \·-am-sW∂p apºp-

Xs∂ Rm≥ {i≤n-®n-́ p-≠v. kqcy-In-c-W-߃

\nd-ß-sfm-s°bpw Ih¿s∂-Sp-Øp sIm≠p

t]mb Htc-sbmcp kmcn-bmWv AΩΩ F∂pw

[cn-°m-dv. CubnsS as‰m-∂p-IqSn Rm≥ {i≤n-

®p. AΩΩ sNcp∏pw [cn-°m-dn-√. `qan-bpsS

ImXn¬ alm-k-¶-S-߃ Adn-bn-°p∂ ]mZ-߃

hn≠p-s]m-´n-bn-´p≠v.

aq∂p a°-tfbpw Ãm v̂dqan¬ sIm≠p-h∂v

Ah-cpsS A[ym-]-Isc ImWpw AΩΩ. Fs‚

a°sf s]m∂p-t]mse t\m°-tW-sb-∂p- bm-

Nn-°pw. ]Tn-∏n®p Ic-I-b-‰tW F∂p -]-d-bpw.

C‚¿sh¬k-a-bØp aq∂p-t]-scbpw Iq´n

AΩΩ Aßm-Sn-bn-te-°n-d-ßpw. aq∂p-t]cpw

AΩΩbpsS kmcn-bn¬ Xqßn-bmWp \S-°p-

I. Ah¿°v HØncn Bh-iy-ß-fp-≠v; Bh-em-

Xn-I-fp-≠v. Nmb-°-S-bn-te°v Ahsc sIm≠p-

t]mIpw AΩΩ. s]mtdm-́ bpw ]gw-s]m-cnbpw

taSn-®p-sIm-Sp-°pw. t]\, sNcp-∏v, s_¬‰v,

tNm°-te-‰v... Ah-cpsS sNdnb sNdnb Bh-

iy-߃°v Ah-km-\-an-√. A—\pw AΩ-bp-

""A{Xbv°p s]cpIp∂ k¶SßfpsS A¿Yw ]n∂oSmsW\n°v a\ nembXv.'' AΩΩbpsS

k¶-S-ß-fpsS Imc-W-sa-¥mhmw?

AΩΩbpsS khntijXIƒ ImhymflIambn AhXcn∏n°p∂ Ht´sd {]tbmK߃

]mT`mKØp≠v. Ah Is≠Øn Hm¿Ω°pdn∏n\v Ah F{Xam{Xw NmcpXtbIp∂p F∂p

]cntim[n°pI.

h¿WØnf∏ns‚ temIw a\pjy_‘ßsf s]s´∂v am‰nadn°p∂pthm?

IpSpw-__‘߃ DujvafamtI≠Xns‚ {]m[m\ysØ°pdn®v Hcp {]kwKw Xbmdm°pI.

h∂p + C√ ˛ h∂n√

tXhn + tXhn ˛ tXhn-tØhn

ag + C√ ˛ agbn√

hn¨ + Xew -̨ hn≠ew

A£c-߃ IqSnt®-cp-tºmƒ \mep-Xcw am‰-ß-ƒ D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv I≠t√m. IqSp-X¬ DZm-l-

c-W-߃ Is≠Øp-I.

AΩΩ F∂ IYm]m{XsØ°p-dn®v \ncq]Ww Xbmdm°pI.

ap≈ Ip´n-I-fpsS s_©n-emWp Xs‚ a°ƒ

Ccn-°p-∂-sX∂v AΩΩbv°dn-bmw. AXns‚

k¶-S-ß-sfm∂pw Ah¿°p-≠m-h-cp-Xv.

AΩΩ aS-ßn-t∏m-Ip∂ t\cw ¢mknse So®-

dpsS imk-\-t]mepw hI-h-bv°msX G‰hpw

Cf-b-h≥ hmXn¬°¬ sN∂p-\n∂v AΩtΩ

sb∂v Dds° hnfn-®Xpw Hcn-°¬ Rm≥ tI´p.

Fs‚ thh-emXn ]t£ AsXm-∂p-a-√. Ip´n-

Iƒ hf-cp-I-bm-Wv. h¿W-Øn-f-∏ns‚ temIw

hfsc s]s´∂v Ahsc am‰n-a-dn-°pw. shbn-en-

eqsS \S∂p \S∂v \ndwaßnb AΩΩbpsS

kmcn-bn-te°p shdp-t∏msS Ah¿ t\m°pw.

At∂cw AΩΩbpsS IÆocv IÆp-I-

fn¬\n∂v ]n≥hm-ßp-am-bn-cn-°pw. ]mZ-ß-fnse

hn≈-ep-I-fn-eqsS tNmc-bm-bn...

hø.

AΩΩsb°p-dn®v Btem-Nn-°mt\ hø.

(Ce-™n-∏q-a-W-ap≈ \m´p-h-gn-Iƒ)˛]n-. kp-tc-{μ≥

Nn{X-h¿W-߃

13C\n Rm\p-W¿∂n-cn°mw

hgn-bm{X

]≠sØ hgn-bm{X F{X kpJ-am-bn-cp-∂n-cn-

°Ww! C∂sØ a[y-h-b-kvIcpw sNdp-∏-°m

cpw AXns‚ Ah-km-\-L-́ -߃ am{Xta I≠n-

cn-°p-I-bp-≈q. Hcp \m´n≥]p-d-Øp-Im-c\p ] -́

W-Øn¬ H∂p t]mI-Ww. ]Øp-\m¬∏Xp

\mgnI hgn-bp-≠v. Hcp tIkp-Im-cy-Ønt\m at‰m

BWp t]mtI-≠-Xv. h≠n-bn-√, h≈--an-√.

Im¬\S-Xs∂ Ahew-_w. CS-bvs°ßpw Nmb-

°-S-Ifpw im∏mSp tlm -́ep-Ifpw h∂p-tN¿∂n-

´p-an-√. AØmgw BIp-tºm-tg°p ̀ mcy s]mXn-

t®m¿ Xbm-dm-°n-°-gn-bp-∂p. AS-bv°m-a-c-Øn

se ]mf hm¿s∂-SpØv NoIn Hcp°n AXn-\-I-

ØmWv s]mXn-t®mdv. \√ \nem-hp≈ cm{Xn

CXpw FSpØp hnZzm≥ Xncn-°p-I-bm-Wv. t\c

tØ ]pd-s∏-Sp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ ]Xn-\©p ]Xn-

\mdp \mgnI Zqsc-s®-∂mWv Dd-ßp-I. ""Bfl

h¬ k¿h-̀ q-Xm\n'' F∂ {]am-W-{]-Imcw GsX-

¶nepw Hcp ho´n¬ Ibdn X\n°v GtXm Ah-

Imiw D≈-Xp-t]mse, ]m{X-߃ thW-sa-¶n¬

Ah, D∏pw apfIpw t]msc-¶n¬ AXv, As√-

¶n¬ Ce, Nne-t∏m-sgms° tamcpw Nn√-d-°-dn-

Ifpw ˛ hmßn s]mXn-b-gn®v DuWp-I-gn-™v,

ho´p-Im-c\p-ambn Xs‚ \m´nse hnti-j-߃

]d™v Dd-ßp-∂p. shfp-°p-∂-Xn-\p-apºv Fgp-

t∂‰p bm{X-Xp-S-cp-∂p. s]mXn-t®m-dns‚ ]cn-

[n°pw Atß-∏p-d-amWv D±n-jvS-ÿew F¶n¬

Acnbpw kmam-\-ßfpw sIm≠p-t]m-hpI F∂

Hcp G¿∏mSpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. GXm-bmepw

s]mXn-t®mdv Bcpw Hcn-°epw Dt]-£n-®n-cp-∂n-

√. F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬, AXn-\p≈ cpNn H∂p

{]tXy-I-am-Wv. "s]mXn-t®m-dp-Æm-Ø-h\pw sN¶-

Æp-h-cm-Øh\pw' PohnXkpJw A-\p-̀ -hn-®n-́ n-

s√-∂mWv Hcp ]d-®n¬.

Cßs\ H∂pw Icp-XmsX t]mIp∂ Iq´cpw

D≠v. A\y-∑m-cpsS HuZm-cy-Øn¬ ZrV-ambn

hniz-kn-®p-sIm-≠p≈ t]m°mWv CXv. Cu

t]m°n\v DØcw ]d-tb-≠Xv Zqsc-Zn-°p-I-fn¬

Xma-kn-°p∂ ]mh-s∏´ Krl-ÿ∑m-cpsS

14 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

hkvXp-h-I-Iƒ BWv. hgn-°m¿°v tNmdp-sIm-

Sp-°pI A°m-esØ [\-hm-∑m-cpsS Krl-Ir-

Xy-ß-fn¬ H∂m-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp ho´n¬ D≈-

h¿s°√mwIqSn AØm-g-Øn\p aq∂n-S-ßgn

Acn-bpsS tNmdp-aXn-sb-∂n-cp-∂mepw AhnsS

]Xn-\-©n-S-ßgn Acn-bmWp hbv°p-∂-Xv.

AXn¬ ]{¥-≠n-S-ß-gn-bpsS tNmdpw hgn-bm-{X-

°m-cmWp X´p-∂-Xv. Nne-t∏mƒ Ccp-]-Øn-\m-

en-S-ß-gn-°p≈ Bfp-Iƒ ht∂-°m\pw aXn.

ASp-°-f-am{Xw `qtem-I-am-°n-°-gn-bp∂ A∂

sØ Krl-\m-bn-I-am¿ an° Znh-k-ß-fnepw

Hgn™ hb-dp-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-sS-bmWv Dd-°-Øn-

te°p Nmbp-∂-Xv.

A{]-Imcw tNmdp sImSp-°pI Krl-ÿ-¿°v

Hcp A¥- m-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-cpsS {]kn≤n

CXns‚ G‰-°p-d-®n¬ A\p-k-cn®v {]N-cn®pw

h∂n-cp-∂p. A∂sØ h¿Ø-am\ ]{X-ß-fm-bn-

cp∂p hgn-t]m-°¿. {]kn≤n IqSp-t¥mdpw Krl-

ÿs‚ IShpw h¿[n-®p-h-cpI \n›-b-am-Wv. HSp-

hn¬ IpSpw-_-Øn\p {]kn≤n D≠m-°nb Krl-

\m-Y≥ ivaim-\-̀ q-an-bn-te-°pw ]n≥Xp-S¿®-°m¿

sXcp-hn-te°pw Hcp-an®p bm{X-bm-hp-Ibpw

Akm-[m-c-W-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.

Cu am-Xncn hgn-bm-{X-Ifpw hn{i-a-ßfpw ]e

_‘-߃°pw Imc-W-am-bn-Øo¿∂n-́ p-≠v. Nne

Krl-ß-fnse HuZm-cyhpw {]Xm-]hpw a‰pw

Xpey-ÿm-\n-I-cmb bm{X-°msc B Krl-ßfp-

am-bp≈ Zmº-Xy-_-‘-Øn\p t{]cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw

XZ-\p-k-cWw Btem-N-\-Iƒ D≠m-hp-Ibpw

hnhm-l-߃ \S-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-́ p-≠v. GXm-

bmepw ho´n¬\n∂p Xncn-°p-tºmƒXs∂

Hcmƒ ""C∂v AØmgw C∂ ho´n¬, \msf

ImesØ I™n C∂ ho´n¬'' F∂n-ßs\

Xo¿®-s∏-Sp-ØpI ]Xn-hm-Wv.

Aß-s\ I-gn™ hgn-bm{X Ct∏mƒ F{X

t`Z-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p! A∂sØ hgn-bm-{X-bv°p-

≠mbncp-s∂∂p ]d-™p-h-cp∂ as‰mcp KpWw

AXv Hcm-fpsS temI-]-cn-Nbw hfsc h¿[n-∏n-

°p-∂-Xn-\p-X-In-bn-cp∂p F∂p≈XmWv. AXp

I≈-hp-a√. sIm√w hen-b-]m-e-°-S-hn¬ \n∂v

Hcp X]m¬h≈w Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-c-tØ°p Xncn-

°p-I-bm-Wv. AXn¬ Aºm-k-ap-{Z-°m-c≥ Hcp

sN´n-bm¿, ]d-hq¿°m-c≥ Hcp sslt°m-S-Xn-°-

£n, ]Ø-\m-]p-c-Øp-Im-c≥ Hcp ssaXo≥]n®

apX-emfn, Nh-d-°m-c≥ Hcp Krl-ÿ≥, s]cn-

ß-\m-́ p-Im-c≥ Hcp \ºym-Xn, Xpºa¨Im-c≥

Hcp hm[ym¿, {]m°p-fØpIm-c≥ Hcp tcmKn,

amth-en-°c°m-c≥ Hcp a{¥-hmZntPym’y≥

F∂n-ß-s\-bmWp bm{X-°m¿. BZyw Bcpw

]c-kv]cw Adn-bmsX Hcp \mgnI Ah-c-h-cpsS

ÿm\-ß-fn¬ Ccn-°p-∂p. At∏m-tg°pw ]d-

hq¿°m-c≥ Nh-d-tbmSp tNmZn-°p-I-bmWv:

""tN´m, NpÆm-ºpt≠m?''

AXn-s\-Øp-S¿∂p kw`m-j-Whpw Bbn.

{]m°pfw s]cn-ß-\m-Sn-t\mSv:

""Xncp-ta\o! H∂p amdn-bn-cn-°tW!''

AXns\ØpS¿∂p kw`m-j-Whpw Bbn.

Xpº-a¨ amth-en-°-c-tbmSp ]d-bp-I-bmWv:

""DjvWw Aklyw! F¥m-Wmthm sNtø-

≠Xv?''

AXns\ØpS¿∂p kw`m-jWhpw Bbn.

t\cw k‘y-bm-Ip-tºm-tg°v Aºm-k-ap{Zw

sN´n-bmcpw amth-en-°c tPym’y-\pw-IqSn \h-

Z-º-Xn-am-sc-t∏mse ASp-Ø-SpØp InS-°p-∂Xp

ImWmw. s]cnß-\m´p \ºym-Xn-bpsS ]qWq¬

]Ø-\m-]pcw ssaXo≥]n-®-bpsS \o≠ XmSn-

bn¬ Ipcp-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xp ImWmw. ]d-hq¿-°m-

cs‚ tIkp-sI-´nse ]{Xn-I-bn¬ {]m°pfw

tcmKn telyw s]mXn-™n-cn -°p-∂-Xmbn

ImWmw. Ah¿ Aßs\ Ign-bp-∂p. Hcp IpSpw-

_-Ønse AwK-ß-fmbn Ign-bp-∂p. Aºm-k-

ap{Zw tXm¿Øns‚ hne-Iƒ Nh-d-°m-c≥ Krl-

ÿ≥ ]Tn-°p-∂p. Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-csØ h°o-e-

∑m -cpsS kma¿Yy߃ Xpº-a¨Im-c≥

hm[ym¿ [cn-°p-∂p. {ioIr-jvW-N-cnXw aWn-

{]-hm-f-Ønse

"[\n°p i{Xp-°fkwJy-ap-≠mw' F∂-Xn¬

"[\n' F∂p-≈Xv ""X\n°p i{Xp-°ƒ'' F∂p

hmbn-®p-Iq-sS∂pw "[\n, F∂m¬ [\-hm-s\-∂m-

W¿Y'sa∂pw hm[ym¿ ssaXo≥]n® apX-em-

fnsb hotdmsS ]d™p ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. HSp-hn¬

Nn{X-h¿W-߃

15C\n Rm\p-W¿∂n-cn°mw

I¬∏m-e-°-S-hn¬ ]nt‰-Zn-hkw D®bv°v FØp-tºm-tg°p \ºym-Xn°p Jp¿-B-s\-∏‰n A¬∏-a-

dnbmw; tPym’y\p ]d-hqsc Krl-ÿ-∑m-sc-∏‰n \√-Xp-t]mse Adnbmw; Krl-ÿ\p s]cnß\ms´

ac-®o-\n°r-jn-sb-∏‰n hnh-cn-®-dnbmw; tcmKn°v Aºm-k-ap-{Z-Ønse Hcp \√ Nn¥m¿a-Wn-ssh-

Zys‚ ]mS-h-sØ-∏‰n [mcmfw Adn-bmw.

Ct∏mƒ Fß-s\-bmWv? C{X-bpw-t]¿Xs∂ sIm√w sdbn¬th B^o-kn¬ hcp-∂p. ]e-cm-

bn- \n∂p Sn°‰p hmßp-∂p. ]e-ap-dn-I-fn¬ Ib-dp-∂p. tcmKn Xs‚ hb-‰p-th-Z\ H∂p XncpΩn

ian-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ap-ºv, sN´n-bm¿ Xs‚ AXp-h-sc-bp≈ bm{X-s®-e-hp-I-W-°n¬ H∂p ItÆm-Sn-

°p-∂-Xn-\p-ap-ºv, Krl-ÿ≥ Xm≥ BbnsS hmßnb IpS `{Z-ambn H∂p kq£n®p hbv°p-hm≥

ÿew I≠p-]n-Sn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ap-ºv, hm[ym¿ At∏mƒ hmßnb {]Xn-Zn-\-]{Xw hmbn-®p-Xo¿°p-∂-

Xn-\p-ap-ºv, ssaXo≥]n-®-ap-X-emfn Nº≥ ]m°p-Iq´n apdp-°n-b-Xns‚ Xp∏¬ h≠n°p ]pdtØ-

s°-∂p≈ hymtP\ Im‰ns‚ B\p-Iq-ey-Øm¬ AI-tØ°p aS-ßn-sbØn ASp-Øn-cn-°p∂

Bfns‚ apJw Ipg-ºn¬ ap°p-∂-Xn-\p-apºv, tPym’y≥ kmbn-∏-∑m-cpsS kq{X-ß-sf-∏-‰n-bp≈

Btem-N\ Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\papºv h≠n Xºm-\q¿ sk≥{S¬ tÃj-\n¬ FØp-∂p. Ahn-

sS-s®-∂m¬ t]m¿´¿am-cpsS ac-W-hn-fn, "a{Zmkv sabn¬-̨ -ln≥Up' ]S-hn-fn, kmbn-∏-∑m-cpsS _q v́kv

i_vZw, Sn°‰p If-™p-t]mtbm F∂p≈ s\©n-Sn-∏v, h≠n-°m-cpsS ]nSn-hen. AXm, angn-®p-\n-

¬°p∂p ]pdsØ tdmUn¬. tlm -́en¬ sN∂m¬ Imin\p tNmdv, AXp Ign-™m¬ shfn-bn¬

B¿°pw BtcmSpw bmsXm∂pw kwkm-cn-°p-hm≥ kabw C√. AXp-t]mse ]nt‰ Znhkw Xncn®p

ho´nepw. Fß-s\-bmWv Cuam-Xncn bm{X-sIm≠p h√ temI-]-cn-N-bhpw kºm-Zn-°p-I!

(Nncnbpw Nn¥-bpw) ˛C.-hn.- Ir-jvW-∏n-≈

""A\y∑mcpsS HuZmcyØn¬ ZrVambn hnizkn®psIm≠p≈ t]m°mWv CXv''˛teJI≥

]cma¿in°p∂Xv F¥mWv? hniZam°pI.

""Ah¿ Aßs\ Ignbp∂p ̨ Hcp IpSpw_Ønse AwKßfmbn Ignbp∂p''. bm{Xm¥yØn¬

bm{X°m¿ FØnt®cp∂ AhÿbmWnXv. Cu bm{Xbn¬ Ah¿°v Fs¥ms° am‰-ß-

fmWv D≠m-bXv?

C∂sØ bm{X temI-]-cn-Nbw kºm-Zn-°p-∂-Xn\v klm-bn°p∂n-√ F∂p teJ-I≥

]d-bm≥ Imc-W-sa¥v?

""kmaq-ln-I-Po-hn-X-Ønse Nne Nn{X-߃ \¿Ω-a-[p-c-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n®v hmb-\-°msc Nncn-

∏n-°p-Ibpw Nn¥n-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I-bmWv teJ-I≥.'' Cu {]kvXm-h-\sb Fßs\ km[q-

I-cn-°mw? N¿®-sNbvXv Ipdn-∏v Xbm-dm-°p-I.

aq∂p Ime-L-´-ß-fnse bm{Xm-\p-`hß-fmWv "hgn-bm{X' F∂ ]mT-`m-K-Øp-≈-Xv. C°m-

esØ bm{XIfpambn Ah Xmc-Xayw sNøpI.

AXn¬ ]{¥≠nSßgnbpsS tNmdpw hgnbm{X°mcmWv X´p∂Xv.

Fs∂ Cßs\ X´n°fn°cpXv.

X´n°fbpw \ns∂ Rm≥.

ASnhcbn´ ]ZØn\v Hmtcm kμ¿`Ønepw hcp∂ A¿YhyXymkw Is≠ØpI.

16 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

Pohn-X-bm-{X-bpsS hyXy-kvX- `m-h-ß-fmWv ]mT-̀ m-K-߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

]mT-̀ m-K-߃ hni-I-e\w sNbvXv ""Pohn-X-bm-{X-bn¬ IqsS Icp-tX≠ ]mtY-b-amWv

aqey-߃'' F∂ hnj-b-Øn¬ D]-\ymkw Xbm-dm-°q.

bm{X ImgvN-bpsS A\p-̀ hw am{X-a√, as‰-s¥m-s°-tbm \ap°v \¬Ip∂p-≠v. bm{X \n߃°p

\¬Inb hyXy-kvXm-\p-̀ -h-߃ tN¿Øv hnh-cWw Xbm-dm-°q.

""HSp-hn¬ I¬∏m-e-°-S-hn¬ ]nt‰-Zn-hkw D®bv°v FØp-tºm-tg°p \ºym-Xn°p Jp¿-B-s\-

∏‰n A¬∏-a-dnbmw; tPym’y\p ]d-hqsc Krl-ÿ-∑m-sc-∏‰n \√-Xp-t]mse Adnbmw; Krl-

ÿ\p s]cnß\ms´ ac-®o-\n°r-jn-sb-∏‰n hnh-cn-®-dnbmw; tcmKn°v Aºm-k-ap-{Z-Ønse

Hcp \√ Nn¥m¿a-Wn-ssh-Zys‚ ]mS-h-sØ-∏‰n [mcmfw Adn-bmw.''

ASn-hcbn´ ]Z-߃ "Adnbmw' F∂ {Inb°v hcp-Ønb A¿Y-hy-Xymkw {i≤n-®p-h-t√m.

CØcw IqSp-X¬ {]tbm-K-߃ Is≠-Øn-sb-gp-Xp-I.

Ihn-X-Iƒ Xmfw, CuWw F∂nh Dƒs°m≠v `mh-tØmsS

Be-]n-°p-∂-Xn¬.

tbmPn® ]Z-߃, {]tbm-K-߃, ssienIƒ F∂nh Dƒs∏-

SpØn A\p-̀ h°pdn-∏v, D]-\ym-kw F∂nh

Xbm-dm-°p-∂-Xn¬.

N¿®-I-fn¬ ]s¶-SpØv kz¥w ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ

bp‡n-tbmsS ka¿Yn-°p-∂-Xn¬.

kam-\-Xm-f-ap≈ hcn-Iƒ Is≠-Øp-∂-Xn¬

]q¿W-ambn `mKn-I-ambnA¬∏wam{Xw

Rm≥ Fs∂-°p-dn®v

{]h¿Ø-\-ßfneqsS \n߃°p-≠mb anI-hp-Ifpw ]cn-an-Xn-Ifpw Fs¥-

√m-amWv? kzbw hne-bncpØpI.

Nn{X-h¿W-߃

17C\n Rm\p-W¿∂n-cn°mw

C. hn. IrjvW∏n≈ (1894 ˛ 1938)

Ip∂ØqcmWv P∑tZiw. lmkkmlnXyImc≥, \mSIIrØv,

]{X{]h¿ØI≥ F∂o \neIfn¬ {]ikvX≥. koXme£van, s]Æcip

\mSv, cmPm tIihZmk≥ XpSßn ]{¥≠v \mSIßfpw Nncnbpw Nn¥bpw,

Fw.F¬.kn. IYIƒ F∂o IYmkamlmcßfpw _mjv]h¿jw F∂

t\mhepw Kpcpka£w, A°me߃, tIm¨{Kkv Nn{X߃ F∂o

teJ\kamlmcßfpw C.-hn-.bpsS kw`m-h-\-I-fm-Wv.

cma-]p-cØv hmcy¿ (1703 ˛ 1753)

tIm´bw Pn√bn¬ cma]pcØv P\\w. h©n∏m´p{]ÿm\Ønse {]apJ\mb Ihn.

XncphnXmwIq¿ almcmPmhmbncp∂ am¿Ømfih¿abpsS B{inX\mbncp∂p. IptNe

hrØw h©n∏m v́, ̀ mjmjvS]Zn, ss\j[w XncphmXnc∏m v́ XpSßnbh {][m\ IrXnIƒ.

AcpW≥ ˛ kqcy≥Akl\obw ˛ kln°m\mhmØAkvamIw ˛ \ΩpsS, RßfpsSAkwJyw ˛ A\h[nBIkvanIw ˛ s]s -́∂p-≠m-bXv

Bflh¬ k¿h`qXm\n ˛ F√m‰nt\bpwkz¥ambn°mWp∂

C‘\w ˛ hndIvD±njvSw ˛ \n›bn°s∏´IZmN\ ˛ Hcn-°¬

]Z-tImiw

Fgp-Øp-Imsc

Adn-bpI

]n. kptc{μ≥

1961¬ ae∏pdw Pn√bnse ]m∏n\n∏mdbn¬ P\n®p. t\mhenÃv,

IYmIrØv F∂o \neIfn¬ {]ikvX≥. A[ym-]-I-\m-Wv. Pek‘n,

_¿apU, kmaqly]mTw, Ce™n∏qaWsamgpIp∂ \m´phgnIƒ,

KuXahnjmZtbmKw, ssN\okv am¿°‰v XpSßnbh {][m\ IrXnIƒ.

HmS°pg¬ Ahm¿Uv e`n®n´p≠v.

18 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

hyXy-kvX- Im-eL -́ß-fnse kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-Iƒ Bkz-Zn-°p-Ibpw Ah-bnse`mj, PohnXw F∂nh DNnX-amb hyh-lm-c-cq-]-ß-fn-¬ Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

N¿®-bn¬ ]s¶-SpØv hnhn[ Bi-b-ta-J-e-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ bp‡n-tbmsS Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂p.

hcn-I-fnse A£-c-ß-fpsS D®m-c-W-kz`m-hw, FÆw F∂nh kmam-\y-h-¬°-cn®v Xmf-Ønepw hyXykvX CuW-Ønepw IhnX sNm√n Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

tbmPn® ]Z-߃, {]tbm-K-߃ F∂nh Dƒs∏-SpØn ]d™pw Fgp-Xnbpw{]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p.

A£-c-߃ tNcp-tºm-gp-≠m-Ip∂ am‰-߃ kmam-\y-h-¬°-cn®v ]Z-ß-fpsSk‘n \n¿W-bn°pIbpw ]pXnb kμ¿ -̀ß-fn¬ {]tbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

]T-\-t\-´-߃

ISm£w ˛ IS-°-Æp-sIm-≠p≈t\m´w

Krlÿ≥ ˛ Krl\mbI≥sNtΩ ˛ th≠Xpt]mseXm]w ˛ k¶Sw, NqSvtXhntØhn ˛ tImcnt°mcnXpc∏v ˛ Xpc¶w\ntbmKw ˛ I¬∏\, B⁄]p°v ˛ {]thin®v]Shnfn ˛ bp≤Imlfws]cp¶mSv ˛ sImSp¶mSvs]cpIp∂ ˛ h¿[n°p∂s]mdpXnsI´ ˛ kln°m\mhmØ

ad∂n√√o ˛ ad∂n´n√t√mam¿Ømfi≥ ˛ kqcy≥tamZm¬ ˛ kt¥mjtØmsShSp ˛ apdnhpWßnb ]mSvh¿WØnf°w ˛ \nd∏In v́thhemXn ˛ ]cn{`awhm[ym¿ ˛ IpSpw_]ptcmlnX≥,

A[ym]I≥km{μw ˛ ZrVamb, \nd™

(C-S-Xq¿∂)kmlkw ˛ Ign-hn-\-∏p-d-ap≈

{]hrØnkulrZw ˛ kvt\lw

19hmbv°p∂p `qan°p h¿W߃

hmbv°p∂p `qan°p h¿W߃

2

sIm∂-ac-ß-fn¬ kz¿Ww hnf-bp-∂

]pWyIm-e-ß-fn¬ ssN{XØn¬

aqfp∂ s]ms∂m-fnt∏m°psh-bvtem-f-Øn¬

apßn-°p-fn-°p∂ ]qºmt‰.

I≠p-hn-jp-°-Wn-sb-{XRm, t\mW-hp˛

ap≠p ]e-Ip-dn-sb-∂n´pw

\n∂n¬Øp-Sn-°pao \njvI-f-\n¿hr-Xn˛

sb∂n¬ Xnf®padn-™n√!

sIm∂-bn¬ s]mØn-∏n-Sn®p tIdp∂ Rm≥

\n∂n-e-en™p \ne-sIm-≠p.

""Bhn-s√m-cn-°epw Km\-I-e-hn-bn˛

emdm-Sp-hm-s\-\n-°n-Ω-́ n¬!''

(hnjp-Ø-te-∂v ˛ A°nØw)

""Bhn-s√m-cn-°epw Km\-I-e-hn-bn˛

emdm-Sp-hm-s\-\n-°n-Ω-́ n¬''

˛ {]Ir-Xn-bnse kuμ-cymw-i-ßfpw AXv sNep-Øp∂ kzm[o-\hpw

Ihn Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-∂-sX-ßs\?

20 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

tIcfw Hcp Im¿jn-I-cm-Py-am-Wv. ]t£, Chn-SsØ Irjo-h-e-Ip-Spw-_-ß-fn¬ F∂pw s]m≥\m-

W-b-߃°p ]™-am-Wv. Cu A]q¿W-Xbv°v Hcp D]-im¥n F∂-t]mse {]IrXn hmcn-hn-X-

dp∂ as‰mcp s]m≥\m-Wbw ChnsS kar-≤-ambn hnf-bp-∂p-≠v-̨ -]q-°ƒ. Cu \mSns‚ sFiz-cy-

Øn\pw Btflm¬°¿j-Øn\pw Cu ]pjv]-k-ºØv tIc-fo-b-P-\X XnI®pw Bkz-Zn-®p-t]m-cp-

∂p-≠p-Xm-\pw.

\Sp-ap-‰-sØmcp ap√-Ø-d-bn-√mØ hoSp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. ap‰-sØm-c-‰Øv Xpf-kn-Ø-Sw, Ipf-°-c-

bn¬ ]p©n-cn-®p-\n¬°p∂ sh≈n-bn-e-s®-Sn, sXmSn-\n-dsb ap°p-‰n, ap°nepw aqe-bnepw Xg®p

\n¬°p∂ aμm-cw, sNº-c-Øn, tImfm-ºn, hgn-h-°Øp Idp-I-\m-ºv, Xpº-°p-Sw, then-°n-S-bn-

eqsS \n»-_vZ-ambn ]mfn-t\m-°p∂ iwJp-]p-jv]w, Ip∂n≥\n-dp-I-bn¬ IqØm-Sp∂ Im´p-]q-°ƒ...

Cßs\ i_-fm-̀ -amb Hcp ]q∏m-en-I-bmWv tIc-fw.

]qh-dp-°¬, ame-sI-́ ¬, ]q°fw hc-bv°¬, ]qP-bvs°m-cp-°¬˛ CsX√mw Hcp Zn\m-cw-̀ -Ønse

ss\Xn-I-[¿Ω-ß-fm-Wv. Ipfn-®p-Ip-dn-bn v́ ]pcn-Ip-g-en¬ ]q°ƒ XncpIn tZh-Z¿i\w Ign-s®-Øp∂

tIc-fobh\n-X-Iƒ Cu \mSns‚ km£m¬ {Kma-e-£van-am-cm-Wv.

]q°fpw B≠-dp-Xn-Ifpw

21hmbv°p∂p `qan°p h¿W߃

]pjv]w Bflm-hns‚, As√-¶n¬ Pohn-X-

Øns‚ {]Xo-I-sa-∂t{X Ihn-k-¶¬∏w.

hn⁄m-\Øn-s‚bpw sFiz-cy-Øn-s‚bpw D]m-

k-\m-aq¿Øn-I-fmb kc-kz-Xnbpw e£vanbpw

]flm-k-\-Øn¬ hncm-Pn-®-cp-fp-∂p. Ihn-I-fm¬

hmgvØ-s∏-Sp∂ \mbn-Im-\m-b-I≥am-cpsS D]-am-

\-߃t]mepw ]q°-fm-Wv. Chn-SsØ InSm-ß-

fpsS {]mY-an-I-]mTw Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xn-ß-s\-

bmWv:

*""Icmchntμ\ ]Zm-c-hnμw

apJm-c-hntμ hn\n-th-i-b¥w''

t¢i-`q-bn-jvT-ß-fmb Pohn-X-Zp¿K-߃

XcWw sNbvXv ̀ uXnIXzØn¬\n-∂m-flm-hp-b-

tc≠ hoYn-bn-te°p Im¬Ip-Øp∂ XØz-

⁄m-\n-bpsS {]m¿Y\ Cß-s\bpw:

**""ka¿t∏yIw tNX- -c-kn-P-ap-am-\mY

`h-tX˛''

Cßs\ euIn-I-Ønepw sshZn-I-Ønepw

Bflm-hnepw Pohn-X-Ønepw kuc`yw ]pe¿

Øp∂ Hcp Ncy-bmWv tIc-fo-b¿ ssIs°m≠p

t]m∂-Xv.

A\p-{I-a-amb Cu Pohn-X-N-cy-°n-S-bn¬ a\-

 ns\ Ae-́ n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ Xmf-∏n-g-Iƒ°n-

S-bnepw I¿tΩm-∑p-J-cm-hm\pw sNbvXpXo¿Ø

Imcy-ß-tfm¿Øp kt¥m-jn-°m\pw In´p∂

khn-ti-j-k-μ¿ -̀ß-fmWv B≠-dp-Xn-Iƒ. F√m

ImeØpw GXp cmPyØpw BtLm-jn°

s∏Sp∂ BNm-c-ß-fmWv hnti-j-Zn-h-k-ßfpw

B≠-dp-Xn-I-fpw. P\-lr-Z-b-Øns‚ Bthiw

\ne-\n¿Ø-Ø-°-hn[w Hmtcm-∂n-\p-ap≠v AXn-

t‚-Xmb ]›m-Ø-ehpw kwhn-[m-\-{I-a-hpw.

NneXp cmjv{So-b-am-sW-¶n¬ a‰p NneXp aX-

* ssIbmIp∂ Xma-c-∏q-hpsIm≠v Imem-Ip∂

Xma-c-∏q-hns\ apJ-am-Ip∂ Xma-c-∏q-hn¬

tN¿Øp-h-®n-cn-°p∂ _me-\mb IrjvWs\

Rm≥ kvacn-°p-∂p.

** Fs‚ a\- m-Ip∂ Xma-c-∏qhv Dam-\m-Y-\mb

`hm\v Rm≥ ka¿∏n-°p-∂p.

kw-_-‘n-bm-Wv. hocm-cm-[-\m-fl-I-amb tZio-b-

X-bpsS ASn-sbm-gp°v F√m-‰nepw \ng-en-®p-Im-

Wp-Ibpw sNøpw.

tIcfØn\p-ap≠v AXn-t‚-Xmb B≠-dp-Xn-

Iƒ. HmWw, hnjp, Xncp-hm-Xnc-- ̨ Cßs\ hyXy

kvX EXp-°-fn¬ hyXykvX kwhn-[m-\-Øn¬

BtLm-jn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Cu aq∂ns‚bpw ]›m-

Øew shtΔ-sd-bm-Wv. hnjp A[zm-\-Øn-s‚bpw

HmWw kar-≤n-bp-sSbpw Xncp-hm-Xnc kuμ-cy-

Øn-s‚bpw {]Xo-I-ß-fm-sW∂p Rm≥ hnNm-cn-

°p-∂p. {Kojva-Øn¬ hnjp, ic-Øn¬ HmWw,

tla-¥-Øn¬ Xncp-hm-Xn -c -˛ -C-ß-s\-bmWv

"im¿MvK-[-c-kw-ln-X-'bnse \n¿h-N-\w.

ap≠-I≥sImbvXp s\√pw ssht°mepw kw -̀

cn-®p-I-gn-™m¬ I¿j-I-lkvXw kzX-{¥-am-bn.

]pXp-a-g-s]bvXp aÆp Ipfp¿°p-∂-Xp-hsc Ah-

cpsS lrZbw hn{i-a-Øn\pw hnt\m-Z-Øn\pw

Zmln-°p-I-bm-bn. Nmap-fin-°m-hns‚ ap‰Øp

]qØp-\n¬°p∂ Ip¶paw Cu hnt\m-Z-th-f-

bv°p≈ Ifn-hn-f-°p-\m-́ -em-Wv. D’-hw, the,

22 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

]qcw˛ Cßs\ tIcfw apJ-cn-X-am-hp-I-bm-bn.

Cu EXp th\¬®q-Sn-eqsS Cg-™n-g™p ambp-∂p.

taSw apX¬ ic-Øm-cw -`n -°p-I-bm-Wv.

AXns‚ sImSn-\m-́ -se-∂-t]mse i_-fm-̀ -amb

IWn-s°m∂ Ac-tß-dn-h-cp -∂p. "hnØpw

ssIt°m´pw' F∂p hnjp-∏£n Dd-ßp∂

I¿j-Isc hnfn-®p-W¿Øp-∂p. ]pXp-h¿j-

Øn¬ Nmep-Iodn hnf-hn-d-°m≥ I¿j-I≥

apt∂m-́ p-h-cp-∂p. ̀ qX-Im-e-Øns‚ A‘-X-bn¬

\n∂p \thm-∞m-\-Øns‚ BZy-In-c-W-߃

IWn-I≠v Ah≥ DW-cp-∂p.

Dcp-fn-bn¬ IWn-s°m-∂, IWn-sh-≈-cn-°,

\mfn-tI-c-ap-dn, DW-ße-cn, sh‰n-e, AS-bv°,

hm¬°-Æm-Sn, kz¿Ww, cmam-b-W-{K-Ÿw, Ae-

°nb hkv{Xw˛ Cßs\ ]pXp-h¿j-Øn¬

Bkz-Zn-t°≠ `uXn-Ihpw ssZhn-I-hp-amb

km[-\-km-a-{Kn-Iƒ IØp∂ \ne-hn-f-°n\p

apºn¬ {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p. ]pXp-h-’-c-∏n-d-hn-

bn¬ Hcp-°p∂ Cu IWnI≠p I¿j-I≥

\n¿hrXnbS-bp-∂p. Ah-t\m-sSm∏w kky-

iymafbmb {]Ir-Xn-bpw. CS-h-∏m-Xn°p Ing-

°≥Im-dp-b-cp-∂Xpw ]pXp-h¿jw s]mgn-bp-

∂Xpw Ah≥ ImØn-cn-°p-I-bm-bn.

ASpØ B≠-dpXn HmW-am-Wv. I¿°-S-I- w-

{Im¥n apX¬ AXns‚ Hcp°w XpS-ßp-∂p.

Zp¿hn-Nm-c-ß-fpsSbpw hrØn-lo-\-X-I-fpsSbpw

ip≤o-I-c-W-am-Wn-Xn¬ {][m-\w. tN -́sb-°-f-

bpI F∂ Cu NS-ßn\v km\n-‰-dn-bp-tS-Xmb

Hcp Hu]-Nm-cn-I-X-bp-≠v. As∂-¶nepw \mep-

sI-´ns‚ D≈n¬ IÆpw ssIbpw sN√mØ

ÿe-ap-≠m-hn-√. Ai-WvT-I-sf√mw Hcp s]m -́

°-e-Øn¬ tiJ-cn®v Hcp kv{Xo AtX‰n Nqepw

NmW-I-sh-≈-hp-ambn ]Sn∏p-d-sØ-dn-bp-tºmƒ

tNt´ tNt´ t]m t]m F∂-́ -l-kn-°pw. Aßs\

tN´ ]pdØpw {io AIØpw F∂ k¶¬∏-

Øn¬ I¿°-S-I-Øn-te°p IS-°p-I-bm-bn.

tIc-f-Øn¬ £ma-Im-e-amWv I¿°-S-I-am-

kw. ssIbn-cp∏pw Icp-X¬ [\hpw Irjn-∏-Wn-

°mbn sNe-hn-́ p-I-gn-™p. ]Ømbw Imen-bm-

bn. t]Sn-kz]v\w t]mse Xqßn-\n¬°p∂ Ime-

h¿j-hpw. Icn-bn-S-t]¿∂ I≠-ß-fn¬ hncn-∏p-

hnf Im‰mSn \n¬°p-I-bm-Wv. ]pXp-s\-√ns‚

aWhpw s]m∂n≥Nnß-Øns‚ ]nd-hnbpw

kz]v\w-I≠v Cuiz-c-hn-Nm-c-Ønepw Ce-°-dn-

-̀£-W-Ønepw apgpIn Zn\-cm-{X-߃ \o°pw.

Aßs\ \mfpw Xob-Xnbpw \oßth Hcp\mƒ

sXmgp-Øn≥]p-dØp aØ ]qhn-cn™p ImWpw.

IpSpw-_n-\n-am-cpsS sam´n´ HmW-kz-]v\-ßfpw

AtXmsS hnI-kn-°p-I-bm-bn.

h´s‚ Np≠p NpI-∂m¬ AØw ap‰-sØ-

Øpw. InSm-߃ ]qth s]men, ]qth s]men

F∂m¿Øp Iqhn-s°m≠p ]qh-́ n-bp-ambn ImSpw-

taSpw tXSn ho´p-ap-‰Øp ]qhn-Sp∂ NS-ßn\p

khn-tij {]m[m-\y-ap-≠v. Aßs\ ]q°-fpsS

D’-h-am-bn-Øo-cp∂p HmWw.

Xr°m-°-c-tØ-h¿ kº¬k-ar-≤n-bpsS tZh-

Xm-flmhpw tIc-f-Øns‚ ]c-ssZ-h-hp-am-Wv.

I¿°-S-I-Øn-cp-thmWw apX¬ Nnß-Øn-cp-thm-

Ww-hsc Xr°m-°-c-t£-{X-Øn¬ D’-h-am-Wv.

sFiz-cy-aq¿Øn-bmb Xr°m-°-c-b-∏≥ hoSp-

tXmdpw kμ¿i\w \S-Øp-∂p-sh-∂mWp

k¶¬∏w. ]®-a-Æp-cp´n P\-߃ At±-lsØ

Bcm-[n-°p-∂p. Cu BÀm-Z-hm-bv]n-\-\p-cq-]-

amb ]›m-Øew Chn-SsØ {]Ir-Xnbpw Hcp-

°n-bn-́ p-≠m-hpw. sFiz-cy-Øn-\p-th≠n A[zm-

\n®pw Btcm-Ky-Øn-\p-th≠n BÀm-Zn®pw

ioen-®n-́ p≈ I¿j-I¿°v HmWw Hcp D’-h-

am-Wv. XS- -ßfpw XI-cm-dp-Ifpw X´nØS™p

IS-∂p-t]m-Ip∂ Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ HmWw

Hcp hgn-Øm-hfwXs∂-bm-Wv.

Xpem-h¿jw Ign-™p. hr›n-I-°m-‰-S-ßn.

a™p-ho-Wp. Ce-sIm-gn™ B tla-¥-E-Xp-

hnse Hcp D’-h-amWv Xncp-hm-Xn-c. kpaw-K-en-

Iƒ°mWv Xncp-hm-Xnc {][m-\w. ]Xn-{]oXn

t\SpI F∂-XmWv B¿{Zm-{h-Xm-N-c-W-Øns‚

e£yw. {io]m¿h-Xn-bmWv Ah-cpsS Bcm-[y-

tZ-h-X. `¿Ør-{]o-Xn°p Nnc-Im-e-X-]- -\p-

jvTn® ]m¿h-Xn-bn¬ inh\v A\p-cm-K-a-¶p-cn-∏n®

cXn-Im-a-∑msc ]qPn-°p-Ibpw Aßs\ IpSpw-

_-kuJyw ssIh-cp-Øp-I-bp-amWv BN-c-Ww.

23hmbv°p∂p `qan°p h¿W߃

Aiz-Xn-ap-X¬°p ]pe-cm≥ ImeØp sXfn-sh-≈-Øn-en-dßn kpaw-K-en-Iƒ kJn-I-tfm-

sSm∏w BSp-Ibpw ]mSp-Ibpw D√-kn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. {]`m-X-Øn¬ ip{ -̀h-kv{Xm-e-¶m-c-

t®-temsS Du™m-em-Sp-Ibpw ssIsIm-́ n-°-fn-°p-Ibpw thWw. Cf-\o¿, Ing-ßv, ]g-h¿K-

߃ XpS-ßn-bh `£-W-hn-̀ -h-ß-fm-Wv. cm{Xn-bn¬ kpaw-K-e-kv{Xo-Iƒ \Sp-ap-‰-sØm-cp-an®p

tN¿∂v BXn-c∏q NqS-Ww. Cu NS-ßp-Iƒ `¿Øm-thm-sSmØp kar-≤hpw kwXr-]vX-hp-

amb Km¿lnIPohnXw ssIh-cp-Øp-hm-\p-t±-in-®p-≈-h-bm-Wv.

A[zm-\n-°p-I, A\p-̀ -hn-°p-I, BÀm-Zn-°pI F∂-XmWv tIc-fob Pohn-Xm-Z¿iw. AXn-

\-\p-Iq-e-amb kml-Ncyw Chn-SsØ {]Ir-Xnbpw ]q°fpw B≠-dp-Xn-Ifpw Hcp-°n-Ø-cp-

∂p- ˛ C∂v F√mw \jvS-s∏´ ku`m-Ky-Øns‚ kz]v\-ß-fm-sW-¶n¬°q-Sn.

(sh-Sn-h-́ w) ˛ hn.-Sn.- -̀́ -Xn-cn-∏mSv

\ΩpsS kwkvIm-c-Øn¬ ]q°ƒ°p≈ ÿm\sØ°pdn®v hn.SnbpsS \nco-£-W-߃ Fs¥-

√m-amWv? Is≠Øn Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°p-I.

\ΩpsS Im¿jnIkwkvIm-chpw BtLm-j-ßfpw ]ckv-]cw _‘-s∏´pInS-°p-∂p. CXns‚

kqN-\-Iƒ ]mT-̀ m-K-Øp-\n∂p Is≠Øn Fgp-Xp-I.

• ""Nmap-fin-°m-hns‚ ap‰Øv ]qØp-\n¬°p∂ Ip¶paw Cu hnt\m-Z-th-f-bv°p≈

Ifn-hnf°p\m´-emWv.''

• ""Cu EXp- th-\-¬®q-Sn-eqsS Cg-™n-g™vv ambp∂p.''

CØcw khn-ti-j-{]-tbm-K-߃ Is≠Øn hymJym-\n-°p-I.

"temIw' Hcp \ma-]-Z-am-Wv. Cu \ma-]-Z-Øn¬\n∂p cq]-s∏-Sp∂ as‰mcp ]Z-amWv euIn-Iw.

CØ-c-Øn¬ cq-]-s∏-Sp∂ a‰p- ]Z߃ ]mT-̀ m-K-Øp-\n∂p Is≠Øn Fgp-Xp-I.

Icm-c-hnμw ˛ Ac-hnμw t]mep≈ Icw

s]m≥\m-Wbw ˛ s]m∂p-sIm-≠p≈ \mWbw

IqSp-X¬ ka-kvX-]-Z-߃ Is≠Øn L-S-I-]-Z-ß-fm°n Fgp-Xp-I.

""hnjp A[zm-\-Øn-s‚bpw HmWw kar-≤n-bp-sSbpw Xncp-hm-Xnc kuμ-cy-Øn-s‚bpw {]Xo-I-

-ß-fm-sW∂v Rm≥ hnNm-cn-°p-∂p.''

""A[-zm-\n-°pI, A\p-`-hn°pI, BÀm-Zn-°pI F∂-XmWv tIc-fob Pohn-Xm-Z¿iw. AXn-

\\p-Iq-e-amb kml-N-cyw Chn-SsØ {]Ir-Xnbpw ]q°fpw B≠-dp-Xn-Ifpw Hcp-°n-Ø-cp-∂p˛

C∂v F√mw \jvS-s∏´ ku`m-K-y-Øns‚ kz-]v\-ß-fm-sW-¶n¬°qSn.''

˛ hn.SnbpsS Cu \nK-a-\-߃ hni-I-e\w sNbvXv apJ-{]-kwKw Xbm-dm-°p-I.

24 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

F\n°v ag-tb-°mƒ CjvSw Im¿ap-In-em-Wv. ag hcp∂p F∂v Bsc-¶nepw

]d-bp-tºmƒ Rm≥ ]pd-tØ°v Cdßn BIm-i-tØ°p t\m°n \n¬°p-

∂p. s]øp∂ ag-tb-°mƒ s]øm≥ hnXpºn\n¬°p∂ Im¿taL-ß-fmWv

F\n-°n-jvSw. {]hmlk∂-≤-ambn \n¬°p∂ Im¿taLw {]hm-l-k-∂-≤-

ambn \n¬°p∂ a\- p-t]m-se-bm-Wv, {]hm-l-k-∂-≤-ambn \n¬°p∂ IhnX

t]mse-bm-Wv, {]hm-l-k-∂-≤-ambn \n¬°p∂ Bi-b-߃t]m-se-bm-Wv.

ag-°m-dns\ t\m°n\n¬°p-tºmƒ In´p∂ HcpXcw DW¿hv Fs‚ a\- n¬

Bi-b-k-ar-≤n-bp-≠m-°m-dp-≠v. F\n-°Xp {]tNm-Z-\-Øns‚ \oe-°m-dm-Wv.

{]`m-X-Ønse Im¿ap-In-en\v IqSp-X¬ kuμ-cy-ap-s≠∂v F\n°v tXm∂m-

dp-≠v. Nne-t∏mƒ AXv BIm-i-Øn¬ IdpØ knwlw t]mse \n¬°p-∂-

Xmbn tXm∂pw. a‰p Nne-t∏mƒ AXv Fs‚ ImgvNbn¬ sNdnb sNdnb

sImSp-ap-Sn-I-fp-ambn {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂ \oe-°m¿ ]¿h-X-ambn amdp-∂p.

\n{Zbv°v Im¿ap-In-ens‚ \nd-am-sW∂v Rm≥ shdpsX `mh\sNøm-dp-≠v.

a‰p-≈-h¿°v CXv Indp-°p-I-fmbn tXm∂mw.

Im¿ap-In-en\vKZy-Øn¬

Hcp A¿®-\m-KoXw

25hmbv°p∂p `qan°p h¿W߃

BIm-i-Ønse alm-hn-kvXr-Xn-bn¬ Im¿ap-

In¬ GIm-¥X A\p-̀ -hn-°p-∂-Xmbn F\n°v

tXm∂m-dp-≠v. AXn-\m¬ taLsØt∏mse

GImIn F∂ thUvkvh¿Øns‚ I¬∏\

F\n°v CjvS-am-bn-cp-∂p. B `mh-\-bp-ambn

Fs‚ Nn¥ s]s´∂v XmZm-fly-Øn-em-bn.

hneyw tª°n\v taLw ssZh-Øns‚ tXcm-bn-

cp-∂p. s]s´∂v ImW-s∏-Sp-Ibpw £W-Øn¬

Xntcm-̀ -hn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ taLw tb‰vkn\v

^e-{]-Z-a-√mØ XØz-am-bn-cp-∂p. a‰p Nne

Imhy-`m-h-\-I-fn¬ taL-߃ k¿h-i-‡s‚

XqWp-I-fm-Wv. k¿h-i-‡≥ AXns‚ ]n∂n¬

ad-™n-cn-°p∂Xmbn k¶¬∏n-°-s∏-́ n-cn-°p-∂p.

C\nbpw Nne Ihn-Iƒ°v taLw {kjvSm-hns‚

Ccp≠ tXcm-Wv. AXp a\p-jy\v A\p-Iq-e-

ambn\n¬°p-∂p. ImcWw Nne-t∏m-sg-¶nepw

taLw IØn-÷z-en-°p∂ kqcy-s\-Xn-sc-bp≈

Poh-Pm-e-ß-fpsS c£m-I-h-N-amWv. taLw

L\o-̀ -hn® ag-bm-Wv. `qansb ^e-̀ q-bn-jvT-am-

°p∂ L\o-̀ -hn® A\p-{K-l-am-W-Xv. ImcWw,

AXp `qanbpsS h‘yX C√m-Xm-°p-∂p.

taL-߃ D≠m-Ip-∂-Xns‚ Zpcq-lX `qX-

Ime a\- n\v Hcp {]iv\-am-bn-cp-∂p. Acn-tÃm-

-̂\o-kns‚ "taL-߃' hmbn-®Xv Hm¿°p-∂p.

tkm{I-́ o-kns‚ ssZh-\n-μsb hna¿in-°m\pw

At±-l-Øn-t‚Xp \ymb-c-ln-X-amb hmZ-ß-fm-

sW∂v ka¿Yn-°m\pw th≠n-bmWv Acn-tÃm-

-̂\okv "taL-߃' F∂ tImaUn Fgp-Xn-b-

Xv. B \mSI-Øn¬ taL-ß-fpsS D÷z-e-amb

kwL-Km\w \mw tIƒ°p-∂p. Im‰pw sImSp-

¶m‰pw Ahy-h-ÿbpw sIm≠p-h-cp-∂Xv taL-

ß-fm-sW∂p ]d-bp-∂p. Im‰pw agbpw sIm≠p-

h-cp-∂Xv kyqkv A√, taL-ß-fm-sW∂v

tkm{I-́ okv ]d-bp-∂p. taL-߃ D≠m-Ip-∂Xv

Fßs\ F∂ tNmZy-Øn\v AXv Du¿Pw aqe-

am-sW∂v tkm{I-́ okv adp-]Sn ]d-bp-∂p. kyqkv

A√, Unt\mkv F∂ kq£va-h-kvXp-hmWv

taLsØ krjvSn-°p-∂Xv F∂m-bn-cp∂p

tkm{I-́ o-kns‚ hmZw. tkm{I-́ o-kns\ Ifn-bm-

°m≥ th≠nØs∂-bmWv CsXms° Ah-X-

cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ CXn\v t{]cWbmbn-

Øo¿∂Xp taL-߃ D≠m-Ip-∂-Xns‚ Zpcq-l-

X-bm-bn-cp-∂p. {]mNo\Ime-Ønse Ihn-Iƒ

am{X-a-√, \mS-I-Ir-Øp-°fpw A\n¿h-N-\o-b-

Xsb hnj-b-am-°n-bn-cp-∂Xp taL-ß-fn-eq-sS-

bm-Wv.

taL-ß-fpsS hchpw t]m°pw a\p-jy-t_m-

[-Øn\v A⁄m-X-am-sW∂ Nn¥ ss__n-fn-

ep-≠v. AZv̀ p-X-I-c-ß-fmb hN-\-ß-fmWv taL-

sØ-°p-dn®v thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn-ep-≈-Xv. taL-

߃ BIm-iØp s]s´∂p ImW-s∏-Sp-Ibpw

AXn-thKw Xntcm-̀ -hn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. AXn-

\m¬ thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ taLw A\n-XyX-

bpsS {]Xo-I-ambn IS-∂p-h-cp-∂p. Nne-t∏mƒ

AXv IjvS-X-bpsS AS-bm-f-am-Wv. hm¿[-Iy-

Øns‚ AS-bm-f-ambpw taLw `mh\sNø-s∏-

´n-́ p-≠v. taL-ß-fn¬ ag-sh≈w \nd-®p-h-®n-cn-

26 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

°p∂p F∂v "Ctøm-_ns‚ ]pkvX-I'-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. Hu∂-Xy-Øns‚ AS-

bm-f-ambpw taLw {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. Nne kμ¿`-ß-fn¬ kap-{Z-Øns‚

hkv{X-ambn taL-߃ I¬∏\sNø-s∏-Sp-∂Xp ImWmw. taL-߃ tbmKm-

flI Xe-ß-fn¬ hni-Zo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp-]mSp kμ¿ -̀߃ thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬

ImWmw. "]pd-∏mSv]pkvX-I'-Øn¬ taLw ssZh-Øns‚ km∂n-[ysØ [z\n-∏n-

°p-∂p. ssZhsØ P\-ß-fn¬\n∂v taLw ad-®p-]n-Sn-°p-∂p F∂p ̀ mh\sNøp-

∂Xp ImWmw. taL-߃ btlm-h-bpsS cY-am-sW∂p ]d-bp-∂p. anin-lmbpw

Ahs‚ ̀ ‡-∑mcpw taL-Øn-eqsS kz¿K-Øn-te°p {]th-in-°p∂p F∂ I¬∏-

\bpw ss__n-fn¬ ImWmw.

]n. Ip™n-cm-a≥\m-b¿ h¿j-ta-L-Øns‚ ]m´p tIƒ°p-∂Xv Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-

bn¬ hcp-∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ I¿°SI amcn-taLw hcp∂p F∂p XpS-ßp∂

hcn-Iƒ Hm¿Ωhcp-∂p. ag-bv°p-ap-ºp≈ Im¿ap-In-ens\ t\m°n\n¬°p-tºmƒ

CØcw Hcp-]mSv Bi-b-ßfpw Imhy-̀ m-K-ßfpw Fs‚ a\- n-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-

Im-dp-≠v. CXv Im¿ap-In-en-\p≈ A¿®-\m-te-J\w am{X-a-√, Im¿ap-In-en-s\-°p-

dn-®p≈ Fs‚ Indp-°p-Iƒ IqSn-bm-Wv.

({]tIm]\ßfpsS ]pkvXIw) ˛ sI.]n.- A-∏≥

-km-ln-X-y-Im-c-∑m¿ taLsØ hnhn-[-X-c-Øn¬ I¬∏\ sNbvXn-́ p-≠v. Ah Is≠Øn Fgp-

Xp-I.

""taL-߃ btlm-h-bpsS cY-am-sW∂p ]d-bp-∂p.'' ss__n-fnse taL-kw-_-‘n-bmb a‰v-

Fs¥√mw I-¬∏\-Iƒ ]mT-̀ m-K-Øp-≠v? Is≠Øn Fgp-Xp-I.

taL-sØ°pdn®v teJ-Is‚ \nco-£-W-ß-fn¬ \nßsf G‰hpw BI¿jn®h GsX√mw?

F¥p-sIm≠v?

""s]øm≥ hnXpºn\n¬°p∂ Im¿ta-L-߃''

˛CXp-t]mse ]mT-̀ m-KØp≈ khn-ti-j-{]-tbm-K-߃ Is≠Ønsbgp-Xp-I.

""{]hm-l-k-∂-≤-ambn \n¬-°p∂ Im¿-taLw {]hm-l-k-∂-≤-ambn \n¬°p∂ a\- p-t]m-se-

bmWv, {]hm-l-k-∂-≤-ambn \n¬°p∂ Ihn-X-t]m-se-bmWv, {]hm-l-k-∂≤-ambn \n¬°p∂

Bi-b-߃ t]mse-bmWv.''-

teJ-\Ønse Cu ̀ mKsØ BI¿j-I-am-°p∂ LS-I-߃ Fs¥√mw? hni-I-e\w sNbvXv

Ipdn-∏m-°p-I.

27hmbv°p∂p `qan°p h¿W߃

ap‡-I-߃

]mS-Øn≥ Ic \osf \oe-\n-d-ambv

then-s°m-cm-tLm-j-ambv

BSn-Øq-ßn-b-e-™p-e™p kpIrXw

ssIs°m≠p \n¬°pw hn[u

hmSmtX hcn-sIs‚ ssIbn-e-[p\m

]obq-j-Uw-`-sØbpw

t`Zn-®≥s]mSp Ibv]-h√n Xckm

s]‰p≈ ss]X-ßtf!

˛ tNe-∏-dºp \ºq-Xncn

Bcm-a-Øn¬°p-fn¿°¬Ø-d-bn-e-c-N¿ h˛

∂mN-cn-°p∂ eotem˛

Zmcm-\¿tLm-]-Nm-cm¬ hf-cpsamc-g-tI˛

dp∂ ]qh-√n-Xm\pw

Bcmcpw t\m°n-SmtX aXn¬ hnS-hn¬ apf˛

®p¥n-sb-Øn®p t\m°m≥

t]mcm-∏mgvh≈n \obpw ]pW-cp-an-\-I-c˛

߃°p Xpteym’h-߃

˛ \me-∏m v́ \mcm-b-W-ta-t\m≥

JT 221

-4/ M

AL-8A

T

28 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

Ibv]h√n {]Ir-Xn°v Ae-¶m-c-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂Xv Fßs\?

Aar-Xns‚ Al-¶m-csØ t`Zn-°p-∂-XmWv Ibv]bv° F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv F¥p-sIm-≠mhmw?

""{]IrXn ka-̀ m-h-\-bpsS ]mT-amWp \¬Ip-∂Xv'' ˛\me-∏m v́ -\m-cm-b-W-ta-t\ms‚ ap‡-Iw

hni-I-e\w sNbvXv Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°p-I.

ap‡I-߃ ]cn-N-b-s∏-́ t√m. IqSp-X¬ ap‡-I߃ Is≠Øn ¢mkn¬ A£-c-t«mIkZ v

kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-I.

Rm≥ Fs∂-°p-dn®v

Xmsg sImSpØ {]h¿Ø-\-ßfn¬ F{X-am{Xw anI®p\n¬°p-∂p-sh∂v kzbw hne-bn-cpØn

Fgp-Xp-I.

{imhy-hm-b\

• D®m-c-W-kv̂ p-SX

• A¿Y-t_m[w

• Bi-b-Øn-\-\p-tbm-Py-amb i_vZ-hy-Xn-bm\w

• Hgp°v

hmb\

• {][m-\m-i-b-߃ Is≠-Øp-∂-Xn¬.

• {]_‘-߃, \ncq-]-W-߃ F∂nh hmbn®v hni-I-e\w sNøp-∂-Xn¬.

• hmb-\-bn-eqsS kzmwio-I-cn® Bi-b-߃, ssien-Iƒ, {]tbm-K-߃ apX-em-bh \qX\

kμ¿ -̀ß-fn¬ {]tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn¬.

hni-I-e-\-°p-dn∏v

• {]k-‡-amb Bi-b-߃ Is≠Øp-∂-Xn¬.

• {]tbm-K-߃, ssienIƒ F∂n-h-bpsS HuNn-Xyhpw `wKnbpw hni-I-e\w sNøp-∂-Xn-¬.

• kzm`n-{]mbw bp‡n-tbmsS Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\nW-ßnb `mj (-k-hn-ti-j-{]-tbm-Kw,

ssien) D]-tbmKn°p-∂-Xn¬.

• Bibw Npcp°n Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬.

29hmbv°p∂p `qan°p h¿W߃

hn. Sn. ` -́Xn-cn-∏mSv (1896 ˛ 1982)

sh≈nØncpØnØmgØv cma≥ `´Xncn∏mSv. A¶amen InSßqcn¬

P\\w. kmaqlnI ]cnjvI¿Ømhv, \mSIIrØv F∂o \neIfn¬

{]kn≤≥. ASp°fbn¬\n∂v AcßtØ°v (\mSIw), IÆocpw

In\mhpw, I¿Ωhn]mIw, shSnh´w, cP\ocwKw, kXyw F∂Xv ChnsS

a\pjy\mIp∂p XpSßnbhbmWv {][m\ IrXnIƒ. tIcf kmlnXy

A°mZan Ahm¿Uv e`n®n´p≠v.

Fgp-Øp-Imsc

Adn-bpI

sI. ]n. A∏≥ (1936 ˛ 2008)

Be∏pgbn¬ P\\w. kmlnXy\ncq]I≥, A[ym]I≥ F∂o

\neIfn¬ {]kn≤≥. t£m`n°p∂hcpsS kphntijw, XnckvImcw,

Ielhpw hnizmkhpw, hcIfpw h¿Wßfpw, ss__nƒ shfn®Øns‚

IhNw XpSßnb {KŸßƒ cNn®n´p≠v. tIcf kmlnXy A°mZan

Ahm¿Uv, tI{μ kmlnXy A°mZan Ahm¿Uv XpSßn \nch[n

]pckvImc߃ e`n®n´p≠v.

\me-∏m´v \mcm-b-W-ta-t\m≥(1887 ˛ 1954)

s]m∂m\n°SpØp≈ ht∂cn \me∏m´v Xdhm´n¬ P\\w. Ihn,

hnh¿ØI≥ F∂o \neIfn¬ {]ikvX≥. IÆp\o¿Øp≈n

(hnem]Imhyw), ]mh߃ (hnh¿Ø\w), cXnkm{amPyw, N{Ihmfw,

B¿j⁄m\w, kptemN\ XpSßnbh {][m\ IrXnIƒ.

tNe∏dºp \ºqXncn

1690\pw 1780\pw CSbv°v PohnXImew. tImgn-t°m-Sn-\-SpØv Nmen-b-amWv P∑-ÿ-e-sa∂v

Icp-Xp∂p. ap‡IcNbnXm°fn¬ {]apJ≥. ]m´pÆnNcnXw At±lØns‚ as‰mcp

IrXnbmWv.

30 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

KZy-̀ m-j-bnse Imhym-fl-IX Xncn-®-dnbpIbpw kam-\-amb {]tbm-K-߃ kz¥w cN-\-I-fn¬ HuNn-Xy-]q¿hw {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

D]-\ym-kw, \ncq-]-Ww, ap-‡-Iw F∂nh-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏-SpIbpw Ah-bnseB-i-b-߃, {]tbm-K-߃, ssien-Iƒ F∂nh Dƒs∏-SpØn hyh-lm-c-cq-]-߃ Xbm-dm-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

{]Ir-Xn-{]Xn-̀ m-k-ß-ƒ Iem-km-ln-Xy-kr-jvSn-Ifn¬ Bhn-jvI-cn®ncn°p-∂-Xnse sshhn-[yhpwkhn-ti-j-Xbpw Is≠Øn ]d™pw Fgp-Xnbpw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂p

D®m-c-W-kv̂ p-S-X, A¿Y-t_m-[w, i_vZ-{I-ao-I-c-Ww, Hgp°v F∂n-h-tbmsS KZy-]m-T-߃ hmbn-®-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

hkvXp-X-Iƒ hni-I-e\w sNbvXv s]mXp-Im-gvN∏mtSmsS apJ-{]-kwKw Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.]T-\-t\-´-߃

]Z-tImiw

A[p\m ˛ Ct∏mƒA\¿Lw ˛ hne-a-Xn-°m-\m-hm-Ø

_lpam\wA¿ln°p∂

A\nXyw ˛ ÿnca√mØA\n¿hN\obw ˛ \n¿hNn°m≥

IgnbmØAcN≥ ˛ cmPmhvAchnμw ˛ XmacBcmaw ˛ ]qt¥m´wC\≥ ˛ kqcy≥D¬°¿jw ˛ Db¿®Iehn ˛ Ifn, BtLmjwt¢i`qbnjvTw ˛ t¢iw \nd™Km¿lnIw ˛ Krlkw_‘ambL\o`hn® ˛ I´]nSn®PohnXZp¿Kw ˛ PohnX{]bmkwUw`w ˛ Al¶mcwXckm ˛ thKØn¬, s]s´∂vXmZmflyw ˛ sFIyw

Xntcm`hn°pI ˛ adbpIZpcqlX ˛ Duln-°m≥ hnj-a-ap≈\thm∞m\w ˛ ]pØ≥ DW¿hvss\XnI[¿Ωw ˛ \oXn-]q¿hw

A\pjvTnt°≠Imcy߃

]flmk\w ˛ Hcp tbmKm-k\w]obqjw ˛ AarXv, tX≥]pcnIpg¬ ˛ A‰w Npcp≠ XeapSn]q∏menI ˛ ]qØ´w{]tNmZ\w ˛ t{]cW{]XoIw ˛ ASbmfw, {]Xn_nw_wapJcnXw ˛ apgßp∂euInIw ˛ temIkw_‘ambh´≥ ˛ Hcn\w s\√v, {`m¥≥hn[u ˛ kabØvhn\nthib¥w ˛ {]thin∏n®ncn°p∂hncmPn°pI ˛ tim`n°pIsshZnIw ˛ thZsØ

kw_‘n°p∂Xvi_fw ˛ IqSn-°-e¿∂kpIrXw ˛ ]pWywk∂≤w ˛ Hcpßnb