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< >: - + -- + - > (crisis) . crisis management

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(trigger event)

: & S. Fink (1986)

Steven Fink :

(prodromal crisis stage) - (acute crisis stage) (chronic crisis stage) (resolution stage)

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wei + ji,

(corporate soul),

(CEO)

(strategic credibility)

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1980; 24/7

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: (issuing press statements) (media briefing) (workshops)

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Halo Effect

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(Group formation): -: : ) ) & ) & ) & (Group Building): , : : , . (Group Work): , : : , . (Group Maturity): , . , : .

(Power Distance Index PDI):

(Individualism vs Collectivism):

(Masculinity vs Femininity): ()

(Uncertainty Avoidance):

(Confucian Dynamism): ,

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(mission) (adaptability)

1.557 , Steven Fink:

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(case studies): & , JAL : , & Delta Airlines: JALPan Am: & SIA: & Helios: &

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1 :

2 : 3 : 4 : 5 :

:

(CASE STUDIES)Delta Airlines 191

(CASE STUDIES)Delta Airlines 191

1924 Huff-Daland Dusters, 1945 Delta Airlines ...

: 2 1985: ( ): 152: 136 (+1 ) : +

:

(CEO)

PDI &

(CASE STUDIES)Delta Airlines 191

:

2 : 1 ( ) 2 ( ) , ( )

Delta : Delta Halo Effect

(CASE STUDIES)Japan Airlines (JAL) 123

(CASE STUDIES)Japan Airlines (JAL) 123

1951 1987 JAL JAL 1970

: 12 1985: : 524: 520 : +

:

(CEO)

PDI+

(CASE STUDIES)Japan Airlines (JAL) 123

:

2 : 1 ( ), 2 Fujioka ( )

, :

(CASE STUDIES)Pan American Airways (Pan Am) 103

(CASE STUDIES)Pan American Airways (Pan Am) 103

1927 ...

: 21 1988: () - () - () - () : 259: 259 (+11 ) : +

:

(CEO)

PD +

(CASE STUDIES)Pan American Airways (Pan Am) 103

:

, Pan Am Pan Am

(CASE STUDIES)Singapore Airlines (SIA) SQ006

(CASE STUDIES)Singapore Airlines (SIA) SQ006

(MAS) 1947 1972

: 31 2000 : () (): 179: 83 :

:

(CEO)

PDI

(CASE STUDIES)Singapore Airlines (SIA) SQ006

:

1 : Changi Airport Terminal 2 : 1 2 ()

buddies

:

(CASE STUDIES)Helios Airways HCY-522

(CASE STUDIES)Helios Airways HCY-522

1998 2004 Helios 2006 Ajet

: 14 2005: () () : 121: 121 : +

:

(CEO)

PDI

(CASE STUDIES)Helios Airways HCY-522

:

: Helios

:

: (mission) (adaptability)