Simulia Abaqus

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Abaqus for Oil & Gas GeomechanicsStephen King| SIMULIA

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Agenda Overview

Abaqus capabilities for Oil & Gas Geomechanics

Applications of Abaqus capabilities

Reservoir Geomechanics Simulations

Summary

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Oil & Gas Geomechanics: Points to Consider

Points to consider for simulations

Is coupled pore fluid diffusion-stress analysis necessary?

Are temperature effects important?

Which material model is appropriate?

Is damage and failure modeling important?

Is contact modeling important?

What is the model scale? Does it involve multiple scales?

What is turnaround time for simulations?

What element types need to be used?

Are there proprietary material models or loads that need to be taken into account?

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Coupled Pore Fluid Diffusion-Displacement

• Pore fluid flow affects the deformations and the deformations affect the pore fluid flow

Fully coupled pore fluid-displacement solutions

• Fully drained

No pore pressure effects

• Fully undrained

Pore pressure affects results but no fluid diffusion

Coupled temperature-fluid diffusion-displacement

Courtesy: MCS

Courtesy: S. Mantica, G.Capasso &

S.Monaco , eni E&P

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Material Models

Some factors that affect model choice

Nonlinear stress-strain behavior

Irreversible deformations

Influence of hydrostatic pressure stress on “strength”

Influence of hydrostatic pressure on stress-strain behavior

Influence of intermediate principal stress on “strength”

Shear stressing-dilatancy coupling

Influence of hydrostatic pressure stress on volume changes

Hardening/softening related to volume changes

Stress path dependency

Effects of stress reversals

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Pressure

Shear

stress

Yield surface

Material Models

Abaqus provides a wide range of material models

• Linear, isotropic

• Porous, isotropic (nonlinear)

Elasticity models

• Open surface, pressure independent (Mises)

• Open surface, pressure dependent (Mohr-Coulomb, Drucker-Prager)

• Closed surface (Cam-clay, Drucker-Prager with Cap)

• Multisurface (jointed material)

Plasticity models

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Damage and Failure

• Range of damage initiation and propagation criteria

Progressive damage simulations

• With or without pore pressures

Cohesive elements

• User-defined erosion criteria

Erosion

Element failure and deletion

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Advanced Contact Modeling Capabilities

Automatic contact detection and general contact

• Lagrangian contact

• Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian contact

• Range of friction models, including customized models

Soil-structure interactions

• Maintain pore pressure continuity across an interface or specify impermeable interfaces

• Cohesive pore pressure elements

Pore fluid contact

Ties and contact activation

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Efficient Simulations at Various Scales

• Parallel execution on clusters for both Abaqus/Standard and Explicit

• High-performance direct and iterative solvers

High performance solutions

• Drive detailed simulations using global results

Submodeling

2.4M DOF

0

2

4

6

8

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4 8 16

An

alys

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[hrs

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Cores

Reservoir analysis scaling

Direct

Iterative

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Element Technology

Comprehensive element library

2D and 3D

Shells, beams, solids

• Cohesive elements

• Infinite elements

Special purpose elements

• Triangles and rectangles

• Bricks and tetrahedrals

Different shapes

• First and second order

Different interpolation orders

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Extensions and Customization

User subroutines

User elements

User materials

Proprietary failure criteria

User loads and boundary conditions

User friction models

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Agenda Overview




Summary

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Ice Scouring

Courtesy: JP Kenny

• Iceberg gouging of sea floor near buried arctic oil pipelines

Application

• Coupled Eulerian Lagrangian capability to capture ice-soil-structure interactions accurately

• Extensive nonlinear material modeling for different types of soil.

• General contact to easily setup all contact interactions.

• Scalable parallel performance on many cores.

Why Abaqus Unified FEA?

• Optimize required pipeline burial depth for safe operations in the arctic ecosystem

Benefits

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Offshore Platforms

• Assess the integrity of spudcan foundations taking into account installation procedure and operational loads

Application

• Coupled Eulerian Lagrangian capability to capture soil-structure interactions accurately

• Extensive nonlinear material modeling for different types of soil.

• General contact to easily setup all contact interactions.

• Scalable parallel performance on many cores.


• Improve stability of offshore structures

Benefits

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Sand Control

• Estimate erosion and sand production as a function of hydrocarbon production

Application

• Adaptive meshing with advection

• Solution mapping

• User subroutines for user-defined erosion criteria

• Fully coupled pore pressure-displacement solutions using coupled pore pressure-displacement elements

• Element failure and deletion capabilities


• Determine appropriate sand control techniques with greater confidence

BenefitsErosion of material (sand production) in an oil

wellbore

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Sand Control

Courtesy: Weatherford

• Design and evaluate all aspects of Expandable Sand Screens (ESS®), from installation to operation in a variety of applications/reservoir conditions.

Application

• Most advanced FEA tool for realistic simulation accounting for all nonlinearities

• Geometry import from a variety of CAD tools and formats

• Extensive nonlinear material modeling for different types of rock and soil

• Sophisticated and yet very easy to use “general” contact capabilities to handle even the most complex contact conditions

• Abaqus/Explicit for simulating nonlinear dynamic events


• Develop enhanced and new ESS designs with substantial cost savings

Benefits

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• Simulate effects of hydraulic fracture on hydrocarbon production

Application

• Special-purpose cohesive elements with pore pressure degrees of freedom to model fractured surface

• Specify tangential and normal flow

• Fully coupled pore pressure-displacement procedure using coupled pore pressure-displacement elements

• Good library of material properties, together with failure modeling

• User subroutines for using advanced and/or proprietary technology


• Assess value of hydraulic fracture and use appropriate fracing technology

Benefits

Hydraulic Fracture

Hydraulically induced fracture near a

well bore

Potential of XFEM technology in the

future

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Well Casings

Courtesy: C-FER

(SCC 2008)

• Design well casings taking into account cyclic thermal loads and formation movements

Application

• Coupled thermal-stress analysis

• Material models for metals and soil

• Fully coupled pore pressure-displacement solutions

• User-defined extensions


• Reduce casing failures especially for Cyclic Steam Stimulation (CSS), Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD), and other (thermal) secondary extraction methods

Benefits

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Agenda Overview




Summary

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The extraction of oil & gas from

underground reservoirs leads to a

reduction in pore fluid pressure

This results in a redistribution of stress in

the rock formation

Can lead to ground subsidence

Can in turn affect the flow of oil & gas

within the reservoir

Geomechanics predictions of ground

deformation is needed to maximize oil &

gas extraction

Flow of oil & gas is simulated by

reservoir flow simulators, such as

Eclipse

Abaqus is used for geomechanics

Reservoir Geomechanics

Subsidence and compaction can affect production

Courtesy: eni E&P

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• Determine subsidence and compaction as a function of hydrocarbon extraction

Application

• Coupled pore pressure-displacement solutions

• Element technology

• Library of soil material properties

• Damage and failure modeling

• User-defined extensions

• Materials, elements, loads, etc.

• Contact

• Submodeling

• High performance parallel execution


• Improve estimates of hydrocarbon production and avoid well bore failures

Benefits


Courtesy: S. Mantica, G.Capasso &

S.Monaco , eni E&P

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Subsidence and Compaction

http://www.fesaus.org/webcast/2009/09/NewTechForum_10_Gmi/Member42942/

http://www.fesaus.org/webcast/2009/09/NewTechForum_10_Gmi/Member42942/

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Streamlined Reservoir Geomechanics

GeologicalModeling

Geomechanics Setup

Geomechanics Execution

Detailed Geomechanics

FlowSetup

Flow Execution

• Streamlined process for setting up reservoir geomechanics model in Abaqus

• Create Abaqus models from Eclipse reservoir models

• Use Eclipse results to drive Abaqus geomechanics simulations

Collaborative R&D with ENI

Available in

6.11*

* May need minor services engagement to tailor solution to customer workflow

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Integrated Reservoir Simulations

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• Baker Hughes’ JewelSuite will provide an integrated reservoir modeling environment that will fully support Abaqus technologies

• Solution will also support coupled simulations between Abaqus and industry-leading reservoir flow tools

SIMULIA-Baker Hughes partnership

Coming soon

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Summary

Strong geomechanics capabilities leveraging core

Abaqus strengths Contact, HPC, Fracture and Failure etc.

Accelerating investments for reservoir simulations ENI (and other) customer engagements to address key needs

BakerHughes partnership for Integrated Reservoir Simulations

Dedicated R&D roadmap for Oil & Gas geomechanics to

continue further improvements

Abaqus: Industry-leading oil & gas geomechanics capabilities

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Simulia Abaqus

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