c≠m-bn-c-Øn-]Øv s^{_p-hcn Ccp]Øntbgv

tNmtZym-ØcwapPo_v

bqØveoKv t\Xm-hns‚km{am-PyXz Zmkyw

""Xo{h-hm-Z-sØ-°p-dn®v ]d-bp-tºmƒ tIc-f-Ønse apkvenw kap-Zmbw Ak-μn-Kv[-ambn AwKo-Icn-t°≠ Nne ]cam-¿Y-ß-fp-≠v. H∂m-a-Xm-bn, tIc-f-Ønseapkvenw kap-Zm-b-Ønse Hcp kq£va-\yq-\-]£w Xo{h-hm-Z-Øns‚ ctWm-’p-I-c-Yy-I-fn-te°v B\-bn-°-s∏-́ n-́ p-≠v F∂-Xm-Wv. Hcp sNdnb hn`mKw apkvenwsNdp-∏-°msc Xo{h-hm-Zn-I-fm-°p-∂-Xn¬ Xo{h-hm-Zm-ib-ßsf Hfn™pwsXfn™pw Bt«-jn-°p∂ Nne apkvenw kwL-S-\-Iƒ- A\ntj[y-amb ]¶p-h-ln-®n-́ p-≠v. c≠m-a-Xm-bn, AXn-i-‡-amb kmº-ØnI t{kmX- ns‚ ]n≥_ewCh¿°p≠v F∂-Xm-Wv. tIc-f-Øns‚ cmjv{Sob `qan-I-bn¬ kPoh km∂n-[y-amb apkvenw eoKns‚ apJ-]{Xw t]mepw ]e L -́ß-fn¬ kmº-Øn-I-ambn\n -lm-bm-h-ÿ-bn-em-b-t∏mƒ (C-t∏m-gpw) Xo{h-hmZ kwL-S-\-I-fpsS kmc-Yy-Øn-ep≈ ]{X-߃°v ]W-Øn\v Ct∂-hsc Hcp ap´p-ap-≠m-bn-́ n-√. FhnsS\n∂mWv Cu [\-{]-hmlw? ap≥ -C‚-en-P≥kv sF.-Pn-bm-bn-cp∂ tP°_v]p∂qkv Hcn-°¬ ]d-™Xv tIc-f-Øn¬ 50,000 tImSn-bpsS lhm-e- ]-W-ap-s≠-∂m-Wv. CXn¬ 10 tImSn t]mepw Ct∂-hsc ]nSn-s®-Sp-Ø-Xmbn Adn-bn-√. Xo{h-hm-Z-Øns‚ thc-dp-°m≥ Xo{h-hm-Zn-I-fpsS kmº-ØnI Dd-hn-S-Øn-s‚bpw Xmbvth-c-dp-°-Ww. B Zni-bn¬ \ΩpsS t]meokv F¥mWv sNbvXn-́ p-≈Xv?

aq∂m-a-Xm-bn, tIc-f-Ønse apkvenw-I-sf-t∏mse aX kzmX-{¥yhpw Bhn-jvImc kzmX-{¥yhpw Pohn-X-kzm-X-{¥yhpw A\p-̀ -hn-°p∂ apkvenw-Iƒ temI-Ønse GXp cmPy-Øp≠v F∂v apkvenw-Iƒ Bfl-]-cn-tim-[\ \S-Ø-Ww.apkvenw-Iƒ Cc-I-fm-Wv, Ac-£n-X-cmWv F∂v F≥.-Un.-F^pw ]n.-Un.-]nbpw Pam-AsØ Ckvem-anbpw am{X-a-√, kn.-]n.Fw Xe-bn-te‰n \S-°p∂ Nne A¥- m-c-hn-lo-\-_p-≤n-Po-hn-Ifpw ]d™p \S-°p-∂p-≠v. tIc-f-Ønse apkvenw-Iƒ°vCc-bpsS \n- -lm-bm-hÿbpan-√, th -́°m-cs‚ \nIr-jvS-am-\-kn-Im-h-ÿ-bp-an-√. Ah¿ C¥y-bnse at‰Xv kwÿm-\sØ apkvenw-I-sf-°mfpw kpc-£n-XhpwkzX-{¥hpw \nc¿ -̀b-hp-amb Pohn-X-amWv \bn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu kXy-Øns‚ kv̂ Sn-I-Øn\p apI-fn-emWv Ac-£n-X-hm-Z-Øn-s‚bpw Cc-hm-Z-Øn-s‚bpw Imf-IqSwNne¿ sNmcn-bp-∂-Xv.

\mem-a-Xm-bn, CubnsS ]nSn-°-s∏´ Xo{h-hm-Zn-Isf sh≈-]q-im-s\-t∂mWw

Bbn-cØn \m\q‰n ap∏Ønsbm∂v d_o-D¬ AΔ¬ ]Xn-aq∂v

CsXms° km{am-Py-Xz-̨ -̂ m-jnÃv Hfn-b-P-≠-bpsS `mK-amWv F∂v \qdm-h¿Øn]d-bp∂ kwL-S-\-Iƒ apkvenw kaq-l-Øn-ep-≠v. Ah-cn¬ {][m-\n-Iƒ Pam-AsØ Ckvem-anbpw F≥.-Un.-F^pw ]n.-Un.-]n-bp-am-Wv. F¥p kw -̀hn-®mepwkm{am-Py-Xzw, ^mjn-kw, `c-W-IqS `oI-cX Fs∂ms°∏d™v Dcp-́ n-s°m-Sp-Øm¬ apkvenw kap-Zmbw AXv sh≈w tN¿°msX hngpßpw F∂ aqV-[m-cW C°q-́ ¿ BZyw ssIsbm-gn-b-Ww. Ch¿ a\- n-em-t°≠ Hcp- Imcyw, apkvenwkap-Zmbw Cu Xo{h-hm-Zn-I-fpsS _m[yX Gs‰-Sp-Øn-́ n-√- F-∂-XmWv. apkvenweoKpw \Zvh-Øp¬ apPm-lo-Zn\pw kakvX tIcf PwC-ø-Øp¬ De-abpw AXm-bXv apkvenw kap-Zm-b-Ønse alm-̀ q-cn-]-£hpw Cu Xo{h-hm-Zn-Isf AK-Wy-tIm-Sn-bn¬ X≈n-bn-t -́bp-≈q.

Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an-sb-t∏mse aX-cm-jv{S-hmZw Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn-°p-∂,F∂m¬ "atX-X-c-\-S\'Øn¬ ÿnc-ambn "F' t{KUv t\Sp-∂ kwL-S-\-Iƒ°mWvXSnb‚-hnS \ko-dn-s‚bpw k¿ -̂dmkv \hm-kn-s‚bpw ssk\p-±o≥ F∂ kØm¿`mbn-bp-sSbpw kq^nb aAvZ\n-bp-sSbpw a‰pw Imcy-Øn¬ hymIp-e-Xbpw thZ-\-bpw. AsX-¥p-sIm-≠m-sW∂v Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an-bpsS Nn¥m-[m-c-I-sfbpwAXns‚ BXy-¥nI e£y-sØbpw (C-¥y-bn¬ Ckvem-anI ̀ c-W-IqSw ÿm]n-°p-I) ASp-Ø-dn-™-h¿°v {]tXyIw ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-t°-≠-Xn√'' (sI.Fw jmPn,{]kn-U‚ v apkvenw bqØv eoKv, amXr-̀ qan Zn\-]{Xw 2010 s^{_p-hcn 2). apPo-_ns‚ {]Xn-I-cWw?

F.F tImgn-t°mSvkz¥w ]m¿´n-bpsS BZ¿i-cm-ln-Xyhpw ]m∏-c-Øhpw Ah-k-c-hm-Zhpw

ad-®p-sh-°m\pw \ymbo-Icn-°m\pw \n¿_-‘n-X-\mb apkvenw bqØveoKv t\Xm-hn-s‚ s]m≈bmb hmZ-K-Xn-I-fmWv D]-cyp‡ teJ-\-Øn-ep-S-\o-fw. Ckvem-anIXo{h-hm-Z-sa∂pw `oI-c-X-sb∂pw t]cn v́ km{am-Py-Xz-Øn\pw ^mjn-k-Øn-\p-sa-Xnsc kq[ocw s]mcp-Xp∂ BtKmf Ckvem-anI {]ÿm-\-ßsf `oI-c-hmZ ap{Z-IpØn \in-∏n-°m-\p≈ Ata-cn-°≥ km{am-Py-hm-Zn-I-fpsSbpw Ah-cpsS C¥y≥]nWn-bm-fp-I-fp-sSbpw A]-hmZ {]Nm-c-W-ßsf AtX-]Sn G‰p-]m-Sp∂ jmPn-{]`rXnI-fn¬\n∂v as‰m∂v {]Xo-£n-®n´v Imcy-an-√. Ch¿s°¥v Ckvemw,apkvenw, km{am-PyXz hntcm[w? kap-Zmbw A[n-Im-c-]-¶m-fn-Øhpw kzm¿Y-Xm¬]-cy-ßfpw t\Sn-sb-Sp-°m-\p≈ GWn-∏-Sn-Iƒ am{Xw. AXn\v Xncn-®Sn t\cn-Sp-tºmƒkap-Zm-b-ssbIy-Øns‚ a{¥-hp-ambn cwKØv hcpw. Imcyw t\Sn-bm¬ Xß-fpsS Xmf-Øn-s\mØv Xp≈mØ kwL-S-\-Isf kmam\y kwkvImcw t]mep-an-√msX IS-∂m{Ian-°pw, H‰p-sIm-Sp-°pw, ip≤ \n¿aXhmZn-I-sfbpw Acm-P-I-Xz-Øns‚ {]Nm-c-I-scbpw JmZn-bm-\n-I-sfbpw hsc Iq´p-]n-Sn-°pw. apl-ΩZv Ckvam-Cu¬ kmln_pw A_vZp¿d-lvam≥ _m^Jn Xßfpw sI.Fw koXn kmln-_p-sams° t\XrXzw \¬Inb Hcp ]m¿´n-bpsS C∂sØ KXn-tbm¿Øv kl-X-]n-°p-I-b-√msX F¥p sNøpw? apºv tIm¨{Kkv apkvenw-Iƒ, "tZiobapkvenw-Iƒ' F∂v kzbw t]cv hnfn-®v, apkvenw eoKn-s\bpw _m°n apkvenw-I-sf-bp-sam-s°- h¿Kob apkvenw-I-fmbn Nn{Xo-I-cn® AtX ]X-\-Øn-emWv C∂vap\o¿, jmPn {]`r-Xn-Iƒ. Ah¿ am{Xw 24 Imc‰v atX-X-c-hm-Zn-Iƒ; a‰p-≈-h-sc√mw Xo{h-hm-Zn-I-fpw. A°m-eØv "an\m¿' F∂-t]-cn¬ Hcm-\p-Im-enIw \S-

c≠m-bn-c-Øn-]Øv s^{_p-hcn Ccp]Øntbgv

Øn-bn-cp∂p, A_vZp√ apl-ΩZv. Hmtcm e°hpw sF.-_n°v th≠n apkvenweoKns‚ kz`m-h-l-Xy-bm-bn-cp∂p D≈-S-°w. "Ben-_m-_bpw \m¬]Xv I≈-∑mcpw Hcp Ckvem-anI Pam-A-Øm-sW-¶n¬ _m^Jn Xßfpw apkvenw eoKpwHcp Ckvem-anI Pam-A-ØmWv' F∂v an\m-dn¬ Fgp-Xn-bXv ]tc-X-\mb tUm.Fw. Dkvam-\m-bn-cp-∂p. "an\m¿' C∂n-√. A_vZp√ apl-ΩZv Dt≠m -F-∂-dn-bn-√.tUm. Dkvam\pw hnS-hm-ßn. ]Icw ap\o¿amcpw jmPn-amcpw D≠v. Ah¿ eoKns‚t]cn¬ a‰p apkvenw kwL-S-\-I-fpsS t\sc "an\m-dn's‚ AtX [¿aw \nd-th-‰p-∂p. ae-∏pdw Pn√ cq]-h-XvI-cWw AS-°-ap≈ kw`-h-ß-fn-se√mw apkvenweoKns\ \n¿Øn-s∏m-cn® amXr-̀ qanbpap≠v Ch-cpsS Iq´n-\v. Pdq-i-te-ans‚ \m\m-Zn-°p-I-fn¬\n-s∂-Ønb PqX ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m¿ GI-kz-c-Øn¬ "tbip-hns\{Iqin°' F∂v Bt{Im-in-®-t]mse atX-X-c-Xz-Øns‚ PmS-b-Wn™ kIe Ccp-´ns‚ i‡n-Ifpw tN¿∂v Bt{Im-in-°p-I-bmWv "Pam-A-sØ- C-kvem-ansb{Iqin°.' ]t£ Ch¿ ad-∂p-t]mb Hcp kXyap≠v. Ign™ Bdv ]Xn-‰m-≠mbnaX-]p-tcm-ln-X-∑m-cp-sSbpw atX-X-c-°m-cp-sSbpw aX-\n-cm-kn-I-fp-sSbpw apgp-h≥cq£-amb FXn¿∏p-Ifpw, `c-W-Iq-S-Øns‚ \ntcm-[-ßfpw XrW-h¬K-Wn-®mWvCkvem-an-I -{]-ÿm\w C∂pw Ch-cpsS Dd°w sISpØp∂ -hn[w hf¿∂-Xv.ap∏-Øn-aq∂p Znhkw XpS¿®-bmbn GsX-¶nepw ]{Xw GsX-¶nepw kwL-S-\sbkz`m-h-lXy \S-Ønb A\p-̀ -h-ap-s≠-¶n¬ AXv apkvenw eoKns‚ apJ-]{X-amb N{μnI Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an-sb-°p-dn®v \S-Øn-b-Xm-Wv! F∂nt´m? XpS¿∂v\S∂ \nb-a-k`m sXc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ apkvenw eoKv Ncn-{X-Øn-en-√m-ØtXm¬hnbmWv G‰p-hm-ßn-b-Xv. ]n∂oSv kn.-]n.-F-Ωns‚ `c-W-]-cm-P-bhpw hn`m-Ko-b-Xbpw ImcWw temIvk`m sXc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ P\-hn[n adn-®m-sb-¶n¬ AXvthsd Imcyw. ]t£ AXns‚ t]cn-ep≈ Al-¥°pw thWw Hcp ]cn-[n. jmPn-{]-̀ r-Xn-Iƒ°v hnizm-k-an√ F∂-Xp-sIm≠v am{Xw ssZh-\oXn ]pe-cmsX t]mhn√.C\n Btcm-]-W-߃°v adp-]Sn:

1. Fgp-]Xv h¿jsØ ]mc-º-cy-ap≈ apkvenw eoKns‚ apJ-]{Xw ]eL -́ß-fn-embn kmº-Øn-I-ambn \n -lm-bm-h-ÿ-bn-em-sb-¶n¬, Ct∏mgpw {]Xn-k-‘n-bn-em-sW-¶n¬ AXv lhm-e-∏-Ww- In-́ mØ Ipg-∏-a-√. \S-Øn-∏ns‚ anSp°vsIm≠mWv. ]tc-X-cmb kn.-F®v apl-ΩZv tImbbpw koXn lmPnbpw kwLhpwFgp-]-Xp-I-fpsS Ah-km-\-Øn¬ N{μnI°v ^≠v tiJ-cn-°m≥ Kƒ^n¬ h∂n-cp-∂p. A∂-h¿ ]c-ky-ambn ]d-™Xv Zp¿ -̀cWw aqew N{μnI ]m∏-cmbn F∂m-Wv. Sn.]n Ip´ymap kmln_v amt\-PnwKv FUn-‰-dm-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ thZ-\-tbmsSA\p-kva-cn® Imcyw: eoKv t\Xm-°ƒ°v hsc N{μnI th≠, ]ns∂ a‰p-≈-h-cpsS Imcyw? XnI™ k¶p-NnX ]m¿´n cmjv{So-b-Øn-ancw aqew F¥pw Bsc-°p-dn®pw Fgp-Xm-sa∂pw {]Xn-tbm-Kn-I-sf∂v Icp-Xp-∂-hsc Fß-s\bpw B{I-an-°m-sa∂pw kXyw Hcp Imc-W-h-imepw A®-Sn-®p-Iq-sS∂pw \n›-bn® Hcp]{Xw kz¥-°m¿°v t]mepw th≠m-Xm-b-Xn¬ F¥-¤pXw! lhm-e-bm-bn-́ m-sW-¶nepw t\cmw hÆ-am-sW-¶nepw N{μn-I°v F{X XhW ^≠v kam-l-cn®p?F√mw FhnsS t]mbn? Xe-t»cn Iem] ^≠n\pw KpP-dmØv ^≠n\pw a‰p]e ^≠v ]ncn-hp-Iƒ°p-ap-≠mb KXn-Xs∂ N{μnI ^≠n\pw kw -̀hn®p F∂vkΩ-Xn-°-et√ am\yX? 1969 HIvtSm-_-dnse Alva-Zm-_mZv Iem-]-sØ-Øp-S¿∂v

Bbn-cØn \m\q‰n ap∏Ønsbm∂v d_o-D¬ AΔ¬ ]Xn-aq∂v

apkvenw eoKv Zpcn-Xm-izmk ̂ ≠v tiJ-cn-®p. {Im¥-Z¿in-bmb A_vZp¿d-lvam≥_mJ^n X߃ XpI apgp-h≥ Pam-AsØ Ckvem-ansb G¬]n® kw`hwjmPn-°-dn-bn-√. ]t£, Adn-bp-∂-h¿ eoKn-ep-≠m-hpw. tP°_v ]p∂qkv shfn-s∏-Sp-Ønb 50,000 tImSn-bpsS lhme ]Ww B¿°v In´n F∂-Xn-\-°p-dn®vkXy-k-‘-ambn At\z-jWw \S-°-s´. At\z-jW dnt∏m¿ v́ hcp-tºmƒ- B-cp-sS-sbms° apJw Icp-hm-fn°pw F∂-dn-bm-a-t√m. ]W-®m-°p-Ifpw hyh-kmb{]ap-Jcpw th≠-{X-bp≈ eoKns‚ ]{Xw Zp¿ -̀cWw aqew kmº-ØnI {]Xn-k-‘n-bn-em-b-Xn\v a‰p ]{X-߃ F¥p ]ng®p?

2. tIc-f-Ønse apkvenw-Iƒ kpc-£n-X-c-s√∂v Bcpw ]d-™n-√. Ah-cpsS PohnXw \n¿ -̀b-a√ F∂pw hmZn-®n-√. ]t£, tIcfw C¥ym alm-cm-Py-Øns‚ `mK-am-Wv. Z¬ln-bnepw KpP-dm-Ønepw _olm-dnepw alm-cm-jv{S-bn-ep-sams° \S-°p-∂Xv tIc-f-Ønse apkvenw-Isf thZ-\n-∏n-°p-∂p. `K¬]qcn¬kzk-tlm-Z-c-߃ Iq-́ -s°me sNø-s∏-́ mepw bp.-]n-bn¬ _m_cn akvPnZv XI¿°-s∏-́ mepw KpP-dm-Øn¬ \tc-{μ-tamUn Xmfihw \S-Øn-bmepw apkvenw eoKn-s\-t∏mse H -́I-∏£n-bm-hm≥ Ah¿°v hø. A[n-Imc \jvSw `b∂v a\p-jym-h-Imi ewL-\-ß-fpsS t\sc IÆS-°m\pw Ah¿°m-hn-√. Ahn-sS-bmWv{]iv\w. CØcw AXym-Nm-c-ßsf sh≈-]q-ip-Itbm \n m-c-h-XvI-cn-°p-ItbmsNøp∂ ]m¿´n-Ifpw am[y-a-ßfpw kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw eoKns\ hmgvØp∂p. ]mW-°mSv Xß-fn-s√-¶n¬ tIc-f-Ønse Ahÿ F¥m-hp-am-bn-cp∂p F∂v apX-e-°-Æo-scm-gp-°p-tºmƒ apkvenw eoKv sh´n¬ hogp-∂p. tImgn-t°ms´ kvt^mS-\w,If-a-t»cn _kv IØn°¬ t]mse-bp≈ H‰-s∏´ Nne kw -̀h-߃ D≠m-hp-tºmƒ tIc-f-amsI Iivao-cm-bn, Xo{h-hm-Zn-I-fpsS ]dp-Zo-k-bmbn F∂v apJy-[mcm am[y-a-߃ Iq -́ \ne-hnfn Db¿Øp-w. kXy-k‘amb Hc-t\z-jWw t]mepw\S-°p-∂-Xn\v apºv {]XntbmKnIsf ASn-°m≥ In´nb hSn-bmbn eoKv AXns\D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. CXns‚ `hn-jyØv Hcp kap-Zmbw H∂-S¶w th -́bm-S-∏-Sp-I-bm-sW∂ Xncn-®-dnhv t]mepw Ah¿°v \jvS-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wv. Gsd tImem-l-e-ap-b¿∂ "eu PnlmZv' Ct∏mƒ F¥mbn? aAvZ\nbpw `mcy kq^n-bbpw A¥m-cmjv{S ̀ oI-c-X-bpsS IÆn-I-fm-sW∂v Btcm-]n-°p∂ AtX am[y-a-߃, XßsfhmgvØ-s∏-́ -h-cmbn {]Jym-]n-°p-tºmƒ AXn-e-S-ßnb NXn-°pgn t]mepw apkvenweoKn\v {]iv\-a-√. tIc-f-Ønse apkvenw-Iƒ kam-[m\ {]nb-cm-Wv. Ahsc Ac-£n-X-cm-°m-\p≈ Xo{h-b-Xv\-Øn-emWv am[y-a-ßfpw ^mjn-Ãp-Ifpw Ah-tcm-sSm∏w \n¬°p-∂-h-cpw. AXmWv Xm\pw bYm¿Y {]iv\w.

3. km{am-PyXzw BtKm-fm-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ apkvenw temI-Øn\pw apkvenw-Iƒ°pw Ckvem-an-I -{]-ÿm-\-߃°pw apJy `oj-Wn-bm-Wv. AXv Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ t]mepw Ign-bmsX km{am-Py-Xz-Øn\v ]mZ-tk-h sNøp∂h-cpsS IqSm-c-Øn-emWv apkvenw eoKv \n¿-̀ m-Ky-h-im¬ sNs∂-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. BW-h-°-cm¿ H∏n-́ -t∏mgpw Cdm-s\-Xn-cmb D]-tcm-[-Ønepw C{k-tb-ens‚ Nmc D]-{Klw{iol-cn-t°m-́ -bn¬\n∂v hnt£-]n-®-t∏m-gp-sa√mw AXv {]-I-S-ambn. ]q®-bpsShm¬ AΩn-bpsS Nph-́ n-em-Wv. C\n e÷m-I-camb km{am-PyXz ZmkysØ \ymbo-I-cn-°p-Itb \nhr-Øn-bp-≈q. ]t£ Cu \ne-]m-Sp-I-fp-ambn tZio-bm-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ eoKns\ hf¿Øm\pw hym]n-∏n-°m\pw ]pd-s∏-́ m¬ F¥m-hp-sa∂v ImWm-

c≠m-bn-c-Øn-]Øv s^{_p-hcn Ccp]Øntbgv

\n-cn-°p-t∂-bp-≈q.apkvenw kap-Zmbw km{am-Py-Xz-hn-tcm[w F∂pw Gs‰-Sp-Øn-́ p-≠v, C∂pw

AtX. A^vKm≥, Cdm-Jv, ^e-kvXzo≥ bp≤ kμ¿`-ß-fn¬ AXv I-≠p.CsXm∂pw \ΩpsS {]iv\-a-√, amebpw dmØo_pw auenZpw Pn∂pw knlvdp-amWv auenI {]iv\-ß-sf∂v ]d™p \S-°p∂ aX kwL-S-\-I-fmWv eoKn\vBh-iy-sa∂v Adn-bmw. ]cn-k-c-t_m-[-an-√m-Ø, {]Xn-I-c-W-tijn \jvS-s∏´Ip™m-Sp-Isf IqsS \n¿Øn-bm¬ iey-an-√-t√m. ]t£, tIc-f-Øns‚ apkvenwa\ v F°m-eØpw km{am-PyXz, ^mjnk hncp≤amWv. t]m¿®p-Ko-kp-Im-cpsSImew apX¬ AX-ßs\bmWv. ]Xn-\memw temIvk`m sXc-s™-Sp-∏nepw AX-h¿ ]®-bmbn {]I-Sn-∏n-®p. apkvenw eoKv AXns‚ in£bpw A\p-̀ -hn-®p. km{am-Py-Xz ̂ mjnÃv hncp≤ a\ v apkvenw-I-fn¬ D≠m-°n-bXv Pam-AsØ CkvemanBsW-¶n¬ {]ÿm-\-Øn-\-Xn¬ A`n-am-\-ta-bp-≈q.

4. C¥y≥ Pam-AsØ Ckveman aX-\n-cmk]c-amb atX-X-c-XzsØ F-∂pw FXn¿Øn-́ p-≠v. C\nbpw F-Xn-¿-°pw. aX-\n-c-t]-£-Xsb F∂pw-A-\p-Iq-en-®n-́ p-≠v, C∂pw A\p-Iq-en-°p∂p. F∂m¬ atX-X-cXz ]pØ≥Iq-‰p-Im-cp-sSthjw sI´n-bm-Sm≥ Pam-A-Øn\m-hn-√. A°m-cy-Øn¬ t{KUpw th≠, ]mkvam¿°pw th≠. XSnb‚-hnS \ko-dm-bmepw kq^nb aAvZ\n-bm-bmepw A-h-cpsS Imcy-Øn¬ \nb-a-hmgvN ]pe-c-W-sa∂pw \oXn \S-∏m-h-W-sa∂pw Ip-‰-hm-fn-Iƒ in£n-°-s∏-S-W-sa∂pw tÉv `oI-c-Xbpw am[ya `o-I-c-Xbpw Ah-km-\n-∏n-°-W-sa∂pw Pam-AØv ]d-™n-´p-≠v. C\nbpw ]d-bpw. BZ¿i-]m-∏-c-Ø-Øns‚ Poh-\p≈ amXr-I-Iƒ°v AXv a\- n-em-hn-√, Imew Ahsc ]Tn-∏n-°p-thm-fw.