Products Profile Fine Ceramics & Machinable · PDF fileAccording to JIS B 0405 medium grade 5...

8
Headquarter (Sales Division) 5th Floor, Nihonbashi Plaza Building 2-3-4, Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan TEL.81-3-3516-0800 FAX.81-3-3516-0801 Kansai Plant 1, Higashimukojima, Nishino-cho, Amagasaki-City, Hyogo 660-0856, Japan TEL.81-6-6411-7643 FAX.81-6-6411-7778 Ishikawa Plant 1142, Urushijima-machi, Hakusan-City, Ishikawa 924-0835, Japan TEL.81-76-274-9800 FAX.81-76-274-7790 Osaka Sales Office 1, Higashimukojima, Nishino-cho, Amagasaki-City, Hyogo 660-0856, Japan TEL.81-6-6411-1281 FAX.81-6-6411-7778 Ferrotec Ceramics Corporation ・Numerical values given in this catalog are for reference only and are not guaranteed as absolute. ・Ferrotec Ceramics Corporation assumes no responsibility, directly or indirectly, for any damages and/or injuries caused by incorrect or improper use of the information contained in this catalog. ・As a result of continuing improvements, products and/or specifications contained in this catalog may be changed or their manufacture discon- tinued without notice. Important Information URL http://www.ft-ceramics.co.jp Fine Ceramics & Machinable Ceramics Products Profile Ferrotec Ceramics Corporation

Transcript of Products Profile Fine Ceramics & Machinable · PDF fileAccording to JIS B 0405 medium grade 5...

Page 1: Products Profile Fine Ceramics & Machinable · PDF fileAccording to JIS B 0405 medium grade 5 μm or less (flatness, parallelism, etc.) Generalmachining Precision machining Dimensional

Headquarter (Sales Division)5th Floor, Nihonbashi Plaza Building 2-3-4, Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, JapanTEL.81-3-3516-0800 FAX.81-3-3516-0801

Kansai Plant1, Higashimukojima, Nishino-cho, Amagasaki-City, Hyogo660-0856, JapanTEL.81-6-6411-7643 FAX.81-6-6411-7778

Ishikawa Plant1142, Urushijima-machi, Hakusan-City, Ishikawa924-0835, JapanTEL.81-76-274-9800 FAX.81-76-274-7790

Osaka Sales Office1, Higashimukojima, Nishino-cho, Amagasaki-City, Hyogo660-0856, JapanTEL.81-6-6411-1281 FAX.81-6-6411-7778

Ferrotec Ceramics Corporation

・Numerical values given in this catalog are for reference only and are not guaranteed as absolute.・Ferrotec Ceramics Corporation assumes no responsibility, directly or indirectly, for any damages and/or injuries caused by incorrect or improper use of the information contained in this catalog.・As a result of continuing improvements, products and/or specifications contained in this catalog may be changed or their manufacture discon-tinued without notice.

Important Information

URL http://www.ft-ceramics.co.jp

Fine Ceramics & Machinable CeramicsProducts Profile

Ferrotec Ceramics Corporation

Page 2: Products Profile Fine Ceramics & Machinable · PDF fileAccording to JIS B 0405 medium grade 5 μm or less (flatness, parallelism, etc.) Generalmachining Precision machining Dimensional

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No matter what the product is, quality is fundamentally based on the materials. Now, technological innovations and advancements take place in every field, The demand for higher-performance, easier-to-use, and cheaper products is increasing. Consequently, there are high expectations for wider applications of new ceramics material, as well as a devel-opment of products with a special and advanced properties of ceramics. Ferro-tec Ceramics is moving steadily forward to meet the continuously advancing needs of society. Customer satisfaction is our highest objective, operating under the motto “Manufacturing good products quickly and economically.” In the future, we will continuously improve our inde-pendent applied technologies and ultra-precision machining technologies, fully demonstrate the capabilities we possess, and further intensify our R&D to respond quickly to the wide-ranging needs of our customers.In the 21st century, the use of new ceramic materials with their superior characteristics, and in particular the use of the two key materials from our com-pany ‒ fine ceramics with a diverse range of advanced functions, and machinable ceramics that can be easily machined to precise and fine specifications ‒ will expand into all parts of our society and daily lives, including the rapidly advancing IT, electronics, medical devices, and auto-motive products. Working actively with these two ceramic material, Ferrotec Ce-ramics will utilize our original fine tech-nologies that combine advanced materi-als and production techniques with a state-of-the-art quality control in order to support the creation of a prosperous future society and the realization of dreams.

The creative power of ceramics : the future of precision products.

Headquarter

Ferrotec Ceramics Corporation

JQA-QM7716No.E028-ISO14001

QUALITY SYSTEM

ISO 9001 0000106Kansai Plant Ishikawa Plant

Fine technologies lead the way into the future.Ceramics perform a key material as ultra-pure, super wear-resistant, high-machinability, ultra-precise, and superior-characteristics to manufacture the most-advanced products.

Materials that bring us tomorrow’s products, today

“Photoveel”

“Photoveel L”

“Photoveel Ⅱ”

“Photoveel Ⅱ-S”

“Photoveel Ⅱ-S Black”

“Photoveel Ⅱ-k70”

“Photoveel α3.4”

Others

Machinable ceramicsFine ceramics

Corporate Profile

December 1, 1989

485.5 million yen

Shiro Tsuda, President andRepresentative Director

Ferrotec Corporation

Sumitomo Mitsui Banking CorporationThe Hokkoku Bank, Ltd.Mizuho Bank, Ltd.The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd.

Headquarter (Sales Division)5th Floor, Nihonbashi Plaza Building 2-3-4, Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan

Kansai Plant1, Higashimukojima, Nishino-cho, Amagasaki-City, Hyogo 660-0856, Japan

Ishikawa Plant1142, Urushijima-machi, Hakusan-City, Ishikawa 924-0835, Japan

Osaka Sales Office1, Higashimukojima, Nishino-cho, Amagasaki-City, Hyogo 660-0856, Japan

Locations

Trade name

Date founded

Capital

Company representative

Shareholder

Main banks

Alumina Al2O3

Silicon nitride Si3N4

Aluminum nitride AlN

Silicon carbide SiC

Low thermal-expansion ceramics

Zirconia ZrO2

Others

Semiconductors /liquid crystaldisplays

Automotiveproducts

Energy Precisioninstruments

General industrialmachines

Advancedmedical devices

Page 3: Products Profile Fine Ceramics & Machinable · PDF fileAccording to JIS B 0405 medium grade 5 μm or less (flatness, parallelism, etc.) Generalmachining Precision machining Dimensional

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Utilizing advanced materials and production techniques, our fine ceramics materials are manufactured through integrated production based on quality control that achieves the highest industry standards. These materials offer advanced functions and superior char-acteristics that meet the absolute-highest customer requirements for product develop-ment and production across a variety of fields and applications. They are especially optimal for parts and components used in the manufacture of liquid crystals displays semiconductor manufacturing (wafer fabri-cation, processing, assembly, and inspec-tion), where high purity, high rigidity, and high precision are mandatory. In general industrial machineries, our materials provide superior resistance to wear, heat , and chemicals.

Fine Ceramics

Ferrotec Ceramics offers a wide range of materials for high strength, high purity, and other superior qualities to create commercially successful products in industries, from basic goods to advanced technology.

■For Manufacturing Semiconductor & Liquid Crystal Displays

■For General Industrial Machines

MATERIAL

1

Alumina, mainly comprised of aluminum oxide, has excellent insulation performance and wear-resistance, with competitive cost. Alumina is utilized for a range of purposes. Also, ultra-pure alumina, reaching a purity level of at least 99%, is particularly suited for use in plasma-resistant parts in semi-conductor manufacturing equipment.

Alumina ceramics, Al2O3

Chamber Parts

Vacuum Chucks

Low Dielectric Loss Alumina Chamber Parts

High-temperature Chamber Trays

Low Thermal Expansion Ceramics Parts

Transfer Parts

Plasmaresistance

Heatresistance

Wearresistance

Insulation

Highpurity

Highrigidity

Highprecision

Features

Main applications

Often used as a substitute material for alumina, silicon nitride has superior high-temperature strength and thermal shock resistance. It is widely used as a structural material that can withstand thermal loads.

Silicon nitride ceramics, Si3N4

Main applications

With regard to heat resistance, wear resistance, and corro-sion resistance, silicon carbide exhibits characteristics not found in other materials. Since it maintains strength even at high temperatures, it has particularly attracted attention as a high-temperature structural material.

Silicon carbide ceramics, SiC

Main applications

Zirconia ceramics, the main component is partially stabilized zirconium dioxide, is especially valued for outstanding mechanical strength and fracture toughness.

Zirconia ceramics, ZrO2

Main applications

Low thermal-expansion ceramics are materials that perform zero expansion at room temperature. They also have high strength and a high Young’s modulus.

Low thermal-expansion ceramics

Main applications

Parts for wafer transfer systems and chambers in semiconduc-tor manufacturing equipment, parts for liquid crystal display manufacturing equipment, vacuum equipment, and general industrial machinery

Semiconductor manufacturing equipment parts, burner nozzles, and welding jigs

Semiconductor manufacturing equipment parts and burner nozzles, Susceptor

Semiconductor transfer guides rails, bearing parts, and indus-trial cutters

Semiconductor manufacturing equipment parts and precision machine parts

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Machinable ceramics provide easy machinability by conven-tional machining machine. Various precision machining are possible with synthetic diamond-based cutting tools and also with general carbide tools. Inspection jigs and parts for the manufacture of liquid crystals display and semiconductors required in a large-variety, and a small-quantity production. In the face of growing expectations for shorter lead time in all production processes, from design to trial production, the ma-chinable ceramics are widely used from their precision-machining and quick-delivery.

Superior machinability, quick delivery of high-precision, and high-quality products, provides customersan efficient production.

World’s strongest ceramic with variable thermal conductivityThis is a dense, high-grade compound mica-ceramic created through a fusion process that uses glass as a matrix and uniformly separates out mineralized fluorian phlogopite and zirconia microcrystals.

“Photoveel”

“Photoveel Ⅱ”, “Ⅱ-S”, “Ⅱ-k70”

Main applications

This mica-ceramic has fine-machining characteristic of “Photo-veel”, and adds low thermal expansion and high reflectivity.

“Photoveel L”

Main applications

The special characters of this ceramic material are its low thermal expansion and excellent mechanical strength. It is particularly suitable for small parts that require ultra-precision machining.

“Photoveel Ⅱ”

Main applications

The strongest point of this ceramic material is the thermal expansion similar to silicon. It is also suitable for parts that require ultra-precision machining like Photoveel Ⅱ.

“Photoveel Ⅱ-S”

Main applications

This material has all the characteristics of Photoveel II-S, in black color for use in optical components.

“Photoveel Ⅱ-S Black”

Main applicationsOptical components, medical camera components

This ceramic combines high thermal conductivity, high strength, and low thermal expansion. It is suitable for heat radiating parts and circuit boards. “Photoveel Ⅱ-k70” also has the highest bending strength in our machinable ceramic. It is widely used in structural parts that require high strength.

“Photoveel Ⅱ-k70”

Main applications

This ceramic is characterized by its thermal expansion coeffi-cient of 3.4. In the same way as Photoveel II and II-S, it is suit-able for parts that require ultra-precision machining.

“Photoveel α3.4”

Main applicationsJigs for package board inspection

Hole Diameter φ0.035mm

“Photoveel”

35μm

Optical and medical Parts (“Photoveel Ⅱ-S Black”)

Semiconductor Inspection for Parts (“Photoveel Ⅱ”, “Ⅱ-S”)

“Photoveel” microstructure

5μm

Precisionmachinability

Electricalinsulation

Heatinsulation

Heatresistance

Shortlead time

MATERIAL

2

Features

Inspection equipment parts and micromachine insulating parts

Inspection equipment parts and micromachine insulating parts

Heat sinks, insulating parts around heaters, welding nozzles, etc.

Parts for semiconductor manufacturing equipment, liquid crys-tal displays manufacturing equipment, heat-resistant and heat-insulating elements, vacuum equipment, electrical insula-tion, sensors, and medical devices

Analyzer insulating parts, circuit boards, positioning jigs, soldering jigs, and light-condensing parts

Machinable Ceramics“Photoveel”

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Raw Material SinteringPressing Machining ofGreenbody

MachiningGrindingLapping

Ferrotec Ceramics implements vertically integrated production process, with a strict quality control, supported by advanced production techniques and the latest equipment.

7 8

Fine CeramicsManufacturing Process

CleaningShipping Inspection・Analysis

Spray Dryer 400t Press Air Furnace Atmosphere Furnace Atmosphere Furnace

Gate Type Surface Grinding Machine

Cleaning RoomCleaning in Clean Room Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

Ultrasonic Flaw Detector Coordinate Measuring Machine

Large Lapping Machine

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■Technical guideA range of options are available to match the purpose of use. Contact us about complex shapes, high-precision machining, or any other special requirements you may have.

“Photoveel”Manufacturing Process

Blocks(Fusing Method)

Machining InspectionShipping

(Contact us about special cleaning and packing, or any other special requirements.)

Use Ra (average roughness at centerline) when designing ceramics.

Resin adhesion, glass adhesion

Metalization adhesion

Ceramics

Metal

JIS B 0405 (extracted)●Reference

JIS B 0601 (extracted)

Minimum φ35 μm (thickness 0.3mm), diameter and pitch tolerance ±5μm

Minimum M2, HELISERT minimum M2.5

(0.8s)

(6.3s)

(25s)

(100s)

0.2a

1.6a

6.3a

25a

Finish SymbolSurface Roughness Classification Value

Ra (Rmax)0.2

1.6

6.3

25

(     )

(     )

(     )

(     )

0.5 to 3

Over 3 and up to 6

Over 6 and up to 30

Over 30 and up to 120

Over 120 and up to 400

Over 400 and up to 1000

(μm)

±0.1

±0.1

±0.2

±0.3

±0.5

±0.8

±0.2

±0.3

±0.5

±0.8

±1.2

±2

Dimensional ClassificationTolerance(mm)

Medium Grade Coarse Grade

●Fine ceramics±1% (minimum: ±0.3 mm)

According to JIS B 0405 medium grade

Flatness 1-3 μm (concave/convex specification)

JIS B 0601 6.3a or equivalent

0.01a-0.2a or equivalent

As sintered

Grinding

Precision machining

General machining

Precision machining

Marking (characters, numbers, barcodes, etc.)

TiN, TiC, DLC, SiC, Al2O3, etc.

●“Photoveel”

Microscopichole drilling

Thread cutting

According to JIS B 0405 medium grade

5 μm or less (flatness, parallelism, etc.)

Generalmachining

Precisionmachining

Dimensionaltolerance

Dimensionaltolerance

Surfaceroughness

Laser machining

Adhesion

Surface coating

Hangzhou Dahe Thermo-Magnetics Co.,Ltd.China・Hangzhou

Ferrotec Taiwan Co.,Ltd.Taiwan・Hsinchu

Ferrotec Corporation Singapore Pte, Ltd.Singapore

Ferrotec Korea CorporationKorea・Seoul

Ferrotec Europe GmbHGermany・Frankfurt

Ferrotec (USA) CorporationUSA・Santa Clara, Bedford

◎Global Network

◎Domestic Locations

Kansai Plant・Osaka Sales Division

Ishikawa PlantTokyoHeadquarter・Sales Division

Page 7: Products Profile Fine Ceramics & Machinable · PDF fileAccording to JIS B 0405 medium grade 5 μm or less (flatness, parallelism, etc.) Generalmachining Precision machining Dimensional

■Headquarter (Sales Division)5th Floor,Nihonbashi,Plaza Building 2-3-4,Nihonbashi,Chuo-ku,Tokyo 103-0027,JapanTEL 81-3-3516-0800 FAX 81-3-3516-0801

■Osaka Sales Office1,Higashimukojima,Nishino-cho,Amagasaki-City,Hyogo 660-0856,JapanTEL 81-6-6411-1281 FAX 81-6-6411-7778

■Ishikawa Plant1142,Urushijima-machi,Hakusan-City,Ishikawa924-0835,JapanTEL 81-76-274-9800 FAX 81-76-274-7790

※Numerical values for properties presented in this table are for reference only.

Material

Main Characteristics

Application

Material code

AluminaAl2O3

AS999

wt%

g/㎤

MPa

GPa

GPa

1/℃(×10-6)

W/m・K

ΔT(℃)

Ω・m

10-4

104

kV/mm

Main component purity

Color

Density

Water Absorption

Bending Strength

Young's Modulus

Vickers Hardness

Max.Operating Temperature

Coefficient of Thermal Conductivity

Thermal Shock Resistance

Dielectric Breakdown Voltage

General

Properties

Mechanical

Properties

Thermal

Properties

Electrical

Properties

AT999 AM997 AM997QII ACM995 ACM96 SN606 SC902E ALN99 ALN94 Z403 LE101

99.99

White

3.95

0

390

380

18

1600

7.0

7.7

33

200

1015

1012

109

107

9.9

0.5

2

18

99.9

Whitish yellow

3.92

0

400

385

16

1600

7.9

-

34

200

1015

1014

1011

106

9.8

4

0.25

17

99.7

Whitish yellow

3.93

0

390

375

18

1600

7.0

7.6

33

200

1016

1013

1010

109

9.7

1

1

18

99.7

Whitish yellow

3.93

0

390

385

17

1600

7.0

-

33

200

1015

1014

1012

105

9.7

0.15

6.7

18

99.5

Whitish yellow

3.93

0

370

370

16

1600

7.2

-

32

250

1014

1014

1010

106

9.9

10

0.1

15

96

White

3.74

0

350

320

14

-

7.2

-

24

200

1015

109

107

105

9.4

38

0.03

14

90

Gray

3.16

0

750

285

16

1200

2.7

4.2

23

700

1016

1013

1011

107

8

6.1

0.16

14

97

Black

3.15

0

490

400

22

1600

3.8

-

170

300

104

102

10

10

-

-

-

-

99

Light gray

3.24

0

295

320

11

1000

4.4

-

80

-

1014

108

107

105

8.5

30

0.03

-

94

Light gray

3.31

0

345

320

11

1000

4.4

-

150

400

1014

1010

107

105

8.5

30

0.03

15

94

Whitish yellow

5.98

0

880

245

16

-

8.9

10.4

3

280

1012

107

104

102

33

9

0.1

13

-

Gray

2.55

0

200

140

-

-

<0.5

2.0

-

-

1014

1012

1010

106

4.9

5

0.2

23

Microwaveinduction plates

Chamber Parts

Insulating parts

Chemical-resistant

Microwave-transmissive

Chamber Parts

Insulating parts

Heat-resistant

Chemical-resistant

Chamber Parts

Insulating parts

Machine parts

Microwaveinduction plates

Heat-resistant

Chemical-resistant

Microwave-transmissive

Microwaveand RF

SemiconductorEquipment

LowdielectricLoss

Insulating parts

Machine parts

-

Insulating parts

Machine parts

-

Machine parts

Sliding parts

Heat-resistantparts

Highstrength

Wear-resistant

Thermal-shock-resistant

High thermalconductivityparts

Heat resistantparts

Machine parts

High thermalconductivity

Heat resistant

High strength

Microwaveinduction plates

Insulating parts

High thermalconductivity

Microwave-transmissive

Machine parts

Sliding parts

High strength

High toughness

Wear-resistant

Machineparts

Low thermal expansion

Poreless

SiliconnitrideSi3N4

SiliconcarbideSiC

Aluminum nitrideAlN

ZirconiaZrO2

Low themal- expansionceramics

Coefficient ofThermal Expansion

RT~500℃

RT~800℃

25℃

300℃

500℃

800℃

10GHz

Volume Resistivity

Dielectric Constant

Dielectric Loss(tanδ)

Q Factor (1/tanδ)

Ferrotec Ceramics Corporation

Fine Ceramics

Page 8: Products Profile Fine Ceramics & Machinable · PDF fileAccording to JIS B 0405 medium grade 5 μm or less (flatness, parallelism, etc.) Generalmachining Precision machining Dimensional

Machinable CeramicsMaterial

wt%

g/㎤

MPa

GPa

GPa

1/℃(×10-6)

W/m・K

ΔT(℃)

Ω・m

10-4

104

kV/mm

Main component purity

Color

Density

Water Absorption

Bending Strength

Young's Modulus

Vickers Hardness

Max.Operating Temperature

Coefficient of Thermal Conductivity

Thermal Shock Resistance

Dielectric Constant

Dielectric Loss(tanδ)

Q Factor (1/tanδ)

Dielectric Breakdown Voltage

-

White

2.59

0

150

66

2.2

1000

7.8

1.5

150

1015

1010

107

-

20

<1MHz>6.4

<1MHz>60

<1MHz>0.02

Insulating parts

Heat-insulatingparts

Prototype/emergency parts

Precisionmachinability

Electricalinsulation

Heat insulation

Quick delivery

Photoveel

-

White

3.06

0

89

-

1.2

600

6.1

1.8

200

1015

1012

107

104

18

<1MHz>5.9

<1MHz>78

<1MHz>0.01

Insulating parts

Positioning jigs

Light-condensingparts

Low thermalexpansion

High reflectance

Photoveel L

-

Gray

2.56

0

440

157

2.3

1.4

50

600

1015

1014

1011

107

35

1000(In nonoxidizing atmosphere)

<1GHz>5.5

<1GHz>10

<1GHz>0.10

1000(In nonoxidizing atmosphere)

<RT~150℃>4.7

<1GHz>9.0

<1GHz>25

<1GHz>0.04

1000(In nonoxidizing atmosphere)

<1GHz>9.0

<1GHz>25

<1GHz>0.04

1000(In nonoxidizing atmosphere)

<1GHz>8.5

<1GHz>20

<1GHz>0.05

1000(In nonoxidizing atmosphere)

<1GHz>6.0

<1GHz>10

<1GHz>0.10

1900(In nonoxidizing atmosphere)

<1MHz>6.8

<1MHz>97

<1MHz>0.01

<RT~500℃>4.8

<RT~800℃>5.0

2200(In nonoxidizing atmosphere)

<RT~150℃>4.7

<RT~150℃>3.4

<RT~1000℃>0.86

<1MHz>3.5

<1MHz>26

<1MHz>0.04

Inspection insulating parts

Micromachineparts

High strength

Low thermalexpansion

Precisionmachinability

Photoveel Ⅱ

-

Gray

3.50

0

320

130

2.3

23

400

1015

1011

107

104

30

Inspection insulating parts

Micromachineparts

High strength

Thermal expansionsimilar to silicon

Precisionmachinability

Photoveel Ⅱ-S

-

Black

3.50

0

320

130

2.3

23

400

1014

1011

107

104

30

Optical parts

Medical cameraparts

High strength

Thermal expansionsimilar to silicon

Precisionmachinability

Photoveel Ⅱ-SBlack

Gray

3.35

0

340

140

2.3

30

400

1015

1011

107

104

20

Packagesubstrate

inspection jigs

High strength

Thermal expansionsimilar to silicon

Precisionmachinability

Photoveel α3.4

-

Gray

2.72

0

520

200

4

1.8

70

600

1015

1013

1012

108

20

Heater peripheralinsulating parts

Welding nozzleparts

High strength

Low thermalexpansion

High thermalconductivity

Photoveel Ⅱ-k70

-

Light gray

2.90

0

300

180

3.8

92

400

1015

1010

108

105

65

Insulating parts

Heat sink

High strength

High thermalconductivity

Aluminum nitrideAlN-BN

99.5

White

1.92

-

35

39

-

75

1500

1014

1013

1012

109

40

Molten metalcorrosion resistance

material

Insulating parts

Precisionmachining jigs

Thermal stability

Corrosion resistance

Electrical insulation

Precisionmachinability

Boron nitridehBN

Coefficient ofThermal Expansion RT~400℃

25℃

300℃

500℃

800℃

Volume Resistivity

Main Characteristics

Application

■Headquarter (Sales Division)5th Floor,Nihonbashi,Plaza Building 2-3-4,Nihonbashi,Chuo-ku,Tokyo 103-0027,JapanTEL 81-3-3516-0800 FAX 81-3-3516-0801

■Ishikawa Plant1142,Urushijima-machi,Hakusan-City,Ishikawa924-0835,JapanTEL 81-76-274-9800 FAX 81-76-274-7790

※Numerical values for properties presented in this table are for reference only.

Ferrotec Ceramics Corporation

General

Properties

Mechanical

Properties

Thermal

Properties

Electrical

Properties

■Osaka Sales Office1,Higashimukojima,Nishino-cho,Amagasaki-City,Hyogo 660-0856,JapanTEL 81-6-6411-1281 FAX 81-6-6411-7778