PilotPilot project on cardoon project on cardoon cultivationcultivation for biomass for biomass

productionproduction

Gregory Mavridis - Civil Engineer

Member of the rural development section of West Macedonia

Development Company

Research projectResearch project

Evaluation of Evaluation of ““burningburning”” the lignite in the lignite in combination with biomass, regarding the combination with biomass, regarding the biomass provision from the local areabiomass provision from the local area

The necessary biomass quantitiesThe necessary biomass quantities : : 55--6 6 tntn of dry biomass were used in autumn 2009 of dry biomass were used in autumn 2009 during the beginning of the pilot stage of burning during the beginning of the pilot stage of burning in laboratories in Germanyin laboratories in Germany50 50 tntn of dry biomass were used in autumn 2009 of dry biomass were used in autumn 2009 during the pilot stage of burning by PPC during the pilot stage of burning by PPC 5.500 5.500 –– 6.000 6.000 tntn of dry biomass were used in of dry biomass were used in autumn 2010 during the final pilot stage of burning autumn 2010 during the final pilot stage of burning by PPC.by PPC.

Evaluation of heatersEvaluation of heaters’’ functionfunctionSpecification of the amount of the mixed Specification of the amount of the mixed fuels used during the projectfuels used during the projectSpecification of the necessary biomass Specification of the necessary biomass quantitiesquantitiesSpecification of the final biomass form Specification of the final biomass form (e.g. in balls or as processed product or (e.g. in balls or as processed product or other various forms)other various forms)

Aims of the combination burningAims of the combination burning

OrganizationsOrganizations

REGION OF WEST MACEDONIAREGION OF WEST MACEDONIAPREFECTURE OF KOZANIPREFECTURE OF KOZANIWEST MACEDONIA DEVELOPMENT COMPANY WEST MACEDONIA DEVELOPMENT COMPANY (ANKO)(ANKO)PUBLIC POWER CORPORATION S.A. (PPC)PUBLIC POWER CORPORATION S.A. (PPC)INSTITUTE FOR SOLID FUELS TECHNOLOGY & INSTITUTE FOR SOLID FUELS TECHNOLOGY & APPLICATIONS (ISFTA)APPLICATIONS (ISFTA)LOCAL FARMERSLOCAL FARMERS

Have decided the completion Have decided the completion of the project:of the project:

““Development of alternative activities using Development of alternative activities using biomassbiomass””

In order that PPC achieve its goals In order that PPC achieve its goals regarding the reinforcement of the use of regarding the reinforcement of the use of Renewable Energy SourcesRenewable Energy Sources

PurposePurpose of the projectof the project

Contribution to the employment of local Contribution to the employment of local citizenscitizensMaintenance of the population in the rural Maintenance of the population in the rural areasareasPromoting the variation in the agricultural Promoting the variation in the agricultural process, which will work as an answer to process, which will work as an answer to the C.A.P. (Common Agriculture Policy)the C.A.P. (Common Agriculture Policy)

The type of the plantThe type of the plant

Wild artichokeWild artichoke calledcalled ““cynaracynaracardunculuscardunculus””, , known asknown as CardoonCardoon..

AdvantagesAdvantages

Survival in cold climatesSurvival in cold climatesPerennial plantPerennial plantContinuous harvest lasting from 10 Continuous harvest lasting from 10 –– 12 years.12 years.Minimum cultivation care Minimum cultivation care (2(2--3 3 watering Springwatering Spring --SummerSummer))Minimum needs and costs for irrigation, fertilization Minimum needs and costs for irrigation, fertilization and pesticidesand pesticidesGreat performanceGreat performance (1.700(1.700--2.500 2.500 kilos in irrigated kilos in irrigated fields)fields)

BenefitsBenefits

Reduction of the use of fossil fuelsReduction of the use of fossil fuelsPossible to grow even in wastelands and Possible to grow even in wastelands and rocky groundsrocky groundsProtection against soil erosionProtection against soil erosionContribution to the increase of the soil Contribution to the increase of the soil fertility fertility –– enrichment with organic enrichment with organic substancessubstances

Contribution to the Contribution to the denitrificationdenitrification of the of the soils and waterssoils and watersThe burning of the biomass involves no The burning of the biomass involves no emission of carbon dioxide. As a result it emission of carbon dioxide. As a result it contributes to the decrease of the contributes to the decrease of the greenhouse effectgreenhouse effectDue to the fact that biomass includes no Due to the fact that biomass includes no sulfur, it vitally contributes to the sulfur, it vitally contributes to the decrease of sulfur dioxide emission, decrease of sulfur dioxide emission, which is responsible for acid rainwhich is responsible for acid rain

Calorific ValueCalorific ValueThe final product consists of two raw The final product consists of two raw materialsmaterials::

Biomass from the hole plantBiomass from the hole plantBiodieselBiodiesel from the seedsfrom the seeds

Cardoon PelletsCardoon Pellets 1616--18 18 MJ / kgMJ / kg calorific valuecalorific value, , i.e. i.e. 2 kilos of pellets equal 1 2 kilos of pellets equal 1 ltlt of petrolof petrol

CardoonCardoon : 3.714: 3.714--5.000 5.000 kcal/kgkcal/kg including seedsincluding seeds

LigniteLignite: : 1.2001.200-- 1.41.40000 kcal/kgkcal/kg ήή 55--6 6 MJ / kgMJ / kg

Autumn Winter June - July

June - JulyAugust (Harvest)September (rebirth)

Development cycle of cardoon

6/19

April

SeedingSeeding

SeasonSeason : : Spring or AutumnSpring or AutumnDensity Density : 75 : 75 cm horizontallycm horizontally

1515--18 18 cm verticallycm verticallyQuantity Quantity : : 350350--400400 grgr / / 0,1 Hectare0,1 HectareCost Cost : 50 : 50 €€ / / kgkg =>=> 2020 €€ / / 0,1 0,1

HectareHectare

Cultivation PeriodsCultivation Periods

Cultivation periodCultivation period AprilApril 20092009 : : 180 Hectares180 Hectares

Cultivation periodCultivation period October October 2009 : 2009 : 222020 HectaresHectares

–– Biomass ProductionBiomass Production 2010 : 52010 : 5..500 500 –– 66..000 000 tntn

Beginning of the projectBeginning of the project

Publicity of the project Publicity of the project -- MarchMarch 0909Applications SubmissionApplications SubmissionEvaluation of applicationsEvaluation of applicationsContract signingContract signingSeed delivery Seed delivery Beginning of the cultivationBeginning of the cultivationMonitoring the cultivationMonitoring the cultivation

AprilApril 0909

Contract SigningContract Signing

80 contracts were signed between ANKO 80 contracts were signed between ANKO and local farmers from the areas of and local farmers from the areas of PtolemaidaPtolemaida and and KozaniKozani andand the total the total cultivation area was cultivation area was 395 395 hectareshectares

Implementation ProcessImplementation Process

Contract signing between ANKO and farmersContract signing between ANKO and farmersSeed delivery to the farmersSeed delivery to the farmersPlanting all 100% of the fieldsPlanting all 100% of the fieldsMeasuring and estimation done by ANKOMeasuring and estimation done by ANKO, , to to confirm the area claimed by the farmers by confirm the area claimed by the farmers by means of the GIS systemmeans of the GIS system. . Technical support and adviceTechnical support and adviceObservation during the planting and growing Observation during the planting and growing procedureprocedureFunding the projectFunding the project

318,500

318,500

319,000

319,000

4,47

3,00

0

4,47

3,00

0

4,47

3,50

0

4,47

3,50

0

ΑυλάκιΡ.

Κοιλάδα ΚαπνοχώριΓαλάνι

Αγ.Χαράλαμ

Τετράλοφος

Αγ. ∆ημήτριος

Κλείτος Ακρινή

∆ρέπανο

Ανατολ

Ρυάκιο

ΘυμαριάΚρεμαστή

∆. ΕΛΛΗΣΠΟΝΤΟΥ

∆. ΚΟΖΑΝΗΣ

Τ.∆. ΤΕΤΡΑΛΟΦΟΥ

Τ.∆.KΑΠΝOΧΩΡΙΟΥ

Τ.∆. ΑΓ. ∆ΗΜΗΤΡΙΟΥ

Τ.∆. ΚΛΕΙΤΟΥΣ

Τ.∆. ∆ΡΕΠΑΝΟΥ

Τ.∆. ΑΚΡIΝΗΣ

Τ.∆. KΟΙΛΑ∆ΑΣ

Τ.∆. ΡΥΑKΙΟΥ

Τ.∆. ΠΤΕΛΕΑΣ Τ.∆. OIΝOΗΣ

Τ.∆. ΧΑΡΑΥΓΗΣ

ΦΥΛΛΟ ΜΕΤΡΗΣΗΣ ΑΓΡΟΤΕΜΑΧΙΟΥ: 2/1

ΑΝΑΠΤΥΞΙΑΚΗ ∆ΥΤΙΚΗΣ ΜΑΚΕ∆ΟΝΙΑΣ Α.Ε.

2/1Γεωργιάδου Κυριακή 12.97 στρ.13 στρ.29/04/2009

Κωδικός αγροτεμαχίου:Ιδιοκτήτης:Μετρημένο εμβαδό:Ονομαστικό εμβαδό:Ημερομηνία μέτρησης:

ΓΕΩ∆ΑΙΤΙΚΑ ΣΤΟΙΧΕΙΑDATUM: ΕΓΣΑ '87ΕΛΛΕΙΨΕΙ∆ΕΣ: GRS80ΠΡΟΒΟΛΗ: ΕΓΚΑΡΣΙΑ ΜΕΡΚΑΤΟΡΙΚΗ

0 100 20050

mΚΛΙΜΑΚΑ 1:5,000

Project BudgetProject Budget11stst YearYear (2009)(2009)aa)) Seeding costSeeding cost--Cost of other cultivating affairs during the 1Cost of other cultivating affairs during the 1stst yearyear:140,00 :140,00 €€//0,1 0,1 haha xx 400 400 ha ha = = 560.000,00 560.000,00 €€22ndnd YearYear (2010)(2010)bb)) Cultivation of theCultivation of the 22ndnd yearyear : 60 : 60 €€/ / 0,1 ha0,1 ha xx 400 400 ha ha ==240.000,00 240.000,00 €€11stst andand 22ndnd YearYearcc)) Technical supportTechnical support = = 40.000,00 40.000,00 €€

cc.1).1) Soil analysisSoil analysiscc.2).2) Scientific supportScientific supportcc.3).3) Biomass analysisBiomass analysis

dd)) Coordination and management of the projectCoordination and management of the project = = 110.000,00 110.000,00 €€

Total BudgetTotal Budget = = 950950.000,00 .000,00 €€

Funding SourcesFunding Sources

aa))Special Developmental Funding ProgramSpecial Developmental Funding Program 20072007--20112011Project budgetProject budget (2009(2009--2010) 2010) == 950950.000,00 .000,00 €€

bb))PPC S.A.PPC S.A. for the completion of the pilot stages of the projectfor the completion of the pilot stages of the project, , during autumn 2009during autumn 2009--20102010 51,0051,00€€//tntn xx 6.000 6.000 tntn = =

306.000,00 306.000,00 €€

ConclusionConclusion

Through this pilot project, we set the basis for Through this pilot project, we set the basis for a more systematica more systematic cultivation of the energy cultivation of the energy plantsplants , , for biomass production in the areafor biomass production in the area and and the reconstruction of the cultivation methods in the reconstruction of the cultivation methods in order to succeed in more effective, productive order to succeed in more effective, productive and environmentand environment--friendly cultivationsfriendly cultivations

Thank you very much!!Thank you very much!!