19

20

u U

13

14

15

16

17

18

u

(

m

/

s

)

0.27 0.28 0.29 0.30 0.319

10

11

12

time series (sec)0.4

x/c=0.3 x/c=1 x/c=4x/c=7

0.1

0.2

0.3

x/c 7

2009 2010 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 140.0

Velocity fluctuations (m/s)

3

( )()

, ,

, . (transient state).

, , .. , , , . , , , ,

, .

, y(t) y x(t) t, :

: y(t)=x(t) : 0 y(t)=x(t)

: 0 y(t)+1 y(t)=x(t)

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

, ,

: 0 y(t)+1 y(t)+ 2 y(t) =x(t)

. (zero order) , . , . y(t)

( ) x(t), :

y(t)=Sx(t)y( ) ( ) S .( . S. )

: ,

, ,

.

. 1 (1st order) , .. , . 1 () =21 t=0.

/1 (1 )

te

t: : 63.2% .

, ,

,

1

X

Y

,

2

Y

0

.

6

3

2

X0

t1

X ,t

, ,

, . 3 95% ( 5%) 5 99% ( 1%) :

() : , t>5

.() : () t, 5t.

4 4 , 3000/min. t=2/n, .

3000 / i 50 / , n= 3000/min=50 /s :t=2/50=0.04s

, ():():

>5t=50.04=0.2s >0.2s ,

. 2 (2nd order) 2 , XOAX: , X OAX: , :

2

2

1t

: : : 63.2% .

, ,

2

X

X 0X 0 ,t (overdamping), (underdamping) ,.

=0.6, (criticaldamping) . =0.6

, ,

, .. .

: ().

: 63.2% .

: : 99% . 5. 5

, ,