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Transcript of Island energy
The future of the islands The future of the islands
is is
GreenGreen
Applications presented Applications presented ((ΑΑ))
Efficiency enhancement of solar thermalEfficiency enhancement of solar thermal
Flue gasses heat recoveryFlue gasses heat recovery
Air conditioning heat recoveryAir conditioning heat recovery
Air cooling with fresh airAir cooling with fresh air
Geothermal heat pumpsGeothermal heat pumps
Applications presented Applications presented ((ΒΒ))
Heating Heating –– cooling storagecooling storage
Solar coolingSolar cooling
Tri Tri –– Quadra productionQuadra production
Cooling & dehumidification with desiccant wheels Cooling & dehumidification with desiccant wheels ((adsorption)adsorption)
Grid connected PVsGrid connected PVs
Hybrid systemsHybrid systems–– energy storageenergy storage
Thermal power from Municipal Solid Waste Thermal power from Municipal Solid Waste ((MSW)MSW)
Water economizersWater economizers
Efficiency enhancement of solar Efficiency enhancement of solar
thermalthermal
Can be achieved by using close loop control of water flow Can be achieved by using close loop control of water flow (pump speed), to maintain optimal temperature of heating (pump speed), to maintain optimal temperature of heating medium (water).medium (water).
Close loop control can maintain constant water Close loop control can maintain constant water temperature if needed (solar cooling applications).temperature if needed (solar cooling applications).
Efficiency can be increased by combining conventional and Efficiency can be increased by combining conventional and selective solar collectors.selective solar collectors.
Control panel Control panel
inverter with PID controlinverter with PID control
Programmable controller of thermal solar plant with pump speed cProgrammable controller of thermal solar plant with pump speed control ontrol option. It can also control auxiliary burner and return circuit option. It can also control auxiliary burner and return circuit water water pumps for optimal performance and comfort. East pumps for optimal performance and comfort. East –– west solar fields west solar fields are supported.are supported.
Flue gasses heat recoveryFlue gasses heat recovery
Using simple heat exchangers for temperatures Using simple heat exchangers for temperatures higher than condensing temperature.higher than condensing temperature.
Using condensing heat exchangers to maximize Using condensing heat exchangers to maximize energy recovery of flue gases (for LPG or energy recovery of flue gases (for LPG or natural gas burners)natural gas burners)
Flue gasses heat recovery condensing boilerFlue gasses heat recovery condensing boiler
2 Μcal/h heat
recovery unit
(maximum power
output) connected to a
1,5 Mcal/h steam
generator.
Air conditioning heat recoveryAir conditioning heat recovery
Using metal fin cross flow heat air to air heat Using metal fin cross flow heat air to air heat exchangers. exchangers.
Using rotary heat exchangers (rotary wheel) Using rotary heat exchangers (rotary wheel)
Using Using desiccant wheels desiccant wheels ((adsorption rotary wheel adsorption rotary wheel with silica gel)with silica gel)
Roof mounted heatingRoof mounted heating –– coolingcooling –– ventilationventilation && heat heat
recovery unitrecovery unit
Air cooling with fresh airAir cooling with fresh air
Achieved by supplying large quantities of fresh, Achieved by supplying large quantities of fresh, with a rate greater that 15 times the volume of with a rate greater that 15 times the volume of the building, per hour.the building, per hour.
A desiccant wheel A desiccant wheel ((adsorption rotary wheel) adsorption rotary wheel) can can be used to reduce temperature of a prebe used to reduce temperature of a pre--humidified humidified (cooled) air stream. (cooled) air stream.
Fan Fan –– section & ductssection & ducts
High flow air stream removes heat loadsHigh flow air stream removes heat loads
Inverter control of motor speed Inverter control of motor speed –– air flow controlair flow control
Geothermal heat pumpsGeothermal heat pumps
Heat pump external heat exchanger is realized with Heat pump external heat exchanger is realized with
underground horizontal pipe networks at a 1.5 m depth underground horizontal pipe networks at a 1.5 m depth
(or more), or with the aim of an open or close loop (or more), or with the aim of an open or close loop
borehole pair of pipes. In both cases, soil maintain borehole pair of pipes. In both cases, soil maintain
constant heat exchange outside temperature, around 15 constant heat exchange outside temperature, around 15 ooC.C.
Geothermal heat pumpsGeothermal heat pumps –– pipe networkpipe network
Expansion vesselsExpansion vessels
Pipe network collectorsPipe network collectors
Heating Heating –– cooling storagecooling storage
Based on storage of heating or cooling medium Based on storage of heating or cooling medium (e.g. water), by using insulated tanks.(e.g. water), by using insulated tanks.
Normalize peak demand, and requires smaller Normalize peak demand, and requires smaller power installed, also improves COP of heat power installed, also improves COP of heat pumps.pumps.
House with air to water heatHouse with air to water heat--pump installation pump installation
for heating & coolingfor heating & cooling
Heat pump with heat recoveryHeat pump with heat recovery
1500 1500 litre litre thermaly insulated water thermaly insulated water
tanktank
for heatingfor heating –– cooling cooling
storagestorage
Solar coolingSolar cooling
Based on absorption or adsorption chillers that consume Based on absorption or adsorption chillers that consume
thermal instead of mechanical energy.thermal instead of mechanical energy.
They can be combined with auxiliary thermal energy They can be combined with auxiliary thermal energy
source (diesel, LPG, natural gas, biomass, waste heat, source (diesel, LPG, natural gas, biomass, waste heat,
recovered heat, CHP heat).recovered heat, CHP heat).
Absorption chiller schematic diagramAbsorption chiller schematic diagram
House with solar cooling & heating installationHouse with solar cooling & heating installation
RoofRoof –– solar thermal collector fieldsolar thermal collector field
Absorption chiller Absorption chiller & & cooling towercooling tower
Thermal Thermal
storage tankstorage tank
Stores heated Stores heated
water generated by water generated by
the solar thermal the solar thermal
field at 83 field at 83 ooCC
Auxiliary diesel heaterAuxiliary diesel heater
An office building An office building
with solar cooling with solar cooling
& Quadra & Quadra
production production
installationsinstallations
Solar collector fieldSolar collector field
Hot and cold water Hot and cold water
insulated tanksinsulated tanks
Power & automation control panelsPower & automation control panels
Absorption Absorption
chiller chiller & &
cooling towercooling tower
Auxiliary natural gas heaterAuxiliary natural gas heater & & inox chimneyinox chimney
11ηη installationinstallation ofof SANYO Quadra production in SANYO Quadra production in
Europe, office building, AthensEurope, office building, Athens
TriTri--production units in Rodos Palladium hotelproduction units in Rodos Palladium hotel
Pictures from the visit of the Vice president SANYO Japan & Pictures from the visit of the Vice president SANYO Japan &
CEO of SANYO Europe for the triCEO of SANYO Europe for the tri--production inauguration in production inauguration in
Rhodos, first installation in Greece.Rhodos, first installation in Greece.
Rhodes Palladium Hotel, Rhodos
30 – 40 RT absorption chiller Load distribution unit
Solar thermal field (left)Solar thermal field (left)
Heat medium collection unit Heat medium collection unit 9090 οοC (right)C (right)
Heat medium pumps (left)
Hotel roof with horizontally fitted high temperature collectors (right)
Cooling & dehumidification with Cooling & dehumidification with
desiccant wheels desiccant wheels ((adsorption)adsorption)
Their design is based on a rotating wheel covered by a Their design is based on a rotating wheel covered by a
sorption medium like silica gel. This material initially sorption medium like silica gel. This material initially
removes and stores in its mass air humidity (water), and removes and stores in its mass air humidity (water), and
then is regenerated with the aim of a secondary hot air then is regenerated with the aim of a secondary hot air
stream, that dries silica gel.stream, that dries silica gel.
Operation diagramOperation diagram
Typical installation (hotel)Typical installation (hotel)
Various types of adsorption (orVarious types of adsorption (or desiccant) wheelsdesiccant) wheels
Grid connected PVsGrid connected PVs
A A 5 5 KWp PV grid connected installation on a house KWp PV grid connected installation on a house
complex roofcomplex roof
A A 3 3 x 1500 Watt grid connected inverter with data x 1500 Watt grid connected inverter with data
logging (2006)logging (2006)
A A 20 20 KWp grid connected PV on a houshold roof, KWp grid connected PV on a houshold roof,
Kremasti, RhodosKremasti, Rhodos
A A 20 20 KWp grid connected PV on a warehouse roof, KWp grid connected PV on a warehouse roof,
horizontally fitted, Kremasti, Rhodoshorizontally fitted, Kremasti, Rhodos
PV PV 4 4 KWpKWp,, hotel building,hotel building, IxiaIxia, , RhodosRhodos
PVPV 8 8 KWp, hotel buildingKWp, hotel building, , RhodosRhodos
PV PV 20 20 KWp, Town Hall, Kremasti, RhodosKWp, Town Hall, Kremasti, Rhodos
PVPV 220 KWp0 KWp,, supermarket Pappou,supermarket Pappou, IxiaIxia, , RhodosRhodos
PVPV 20 20 ΚΚWp, waste water treatment plant, Kremasti, Wp, waste water treatment plant, Kremasti,
RhodosRhodos
PVPV 20 20 ΚΚWp thin filmWp thin film, , Maribel hotelMaribel hotel, , Kremasti, RhodosKremasti, Rhodos
PVPV, , Sun Beach Hotel, Ialyssos, RhodosSun Beach Hotel, Ialyssos, Rhodos
Thin film PV installationThin film PV installation, , Rhodos Palladium hotelRhodos Palladium hotel
PVPV 15 15 KWp K Butique hotel, Ixia, RhodosKWp K Butique hotel, Ixia, Rhodos
Pilot Pilot –– educational educational 0.5 0.5 KWp PV, Enviromental KWp PV, Enviromental
Educational Center, Theologos, RhodosEducational Center, Theologos, Rhodos
Equipment Equipment -- installation, Enviromental Educational installation, Enviromental Educational
Center, Theologos, RhodosCenter, Theologos, Rhodos
Grid connected inverters Grid connected inverters 3 3 x 7 KWx 7 KW
Grid connected PV on a car park (Photovoltaic, Grid connected PV on a car park (Photovoltaic,
Athens)Athens)
Consists ofConsists of::
►► 81 81 PV panelsPV panels, ,
►► 3 3 inverters inverters (3kW(3kW eacheach))
►► 1 Data Logger 1 Data Logger for power, energy for power, energy
generation, panel and ambient generation, panel and ambient
temperature, and solar irradiationtemperature, and solar irradiation
Hybrid systemsHybrid systems–– energy storageenergy storage
►► Multi source energy generation systemsMulti source energy generation systems
►► Water desalination powered by hybrid systemsWater desalination powered by hybrid systems
►► Energy storageEnergy storage
►► Energy storage in hybrid cars (plug in cars)Energy storage in hybrid cars (plug in cars)
►► RESRES –– electrolysis and energy storage in hydrogenelectrolysis and energy storage in hydrogen
Eco houseEco house, , stand alone PV assisted by LPG genstand alone PV assisted by LPG gen--setset, ,
RhodosRhodos
System elementsSystem elements
Hellenic NavyHellenic NavyStrogyli island electrification Strogyli island electrification
PV installed powerPV installed power: 2,64 : 2,64 ΚΚWpWp (Photovoltaic)(Photovoltaic)
A reverse osmosis water desalination plant supplied A reverse osmosis water desalination plant supplied
by PV & Wind turbine hybrid stand alone system by PV & Wind turbine hybrid stand alone system
(Photovoltaic)(Photovoltaic)
Hydraulic energy storage (two lake system)Hydraulic energy storage (two lake system)
Compressed air electricity storage applicationCompressed air electricity storage application
Compressed air storage chamberCompressed air storage chamber
290 290 MW compressed air energy storage plantMW compressed air energy storage plant
Energy storage in Na Energy storage in Na –– Sulfur (NAS) batteriesSulfur (NAS) batteries
Wind power pilot installation with energy storageWind power pilot installation with energy storage
Wind power installation with energy storageWind power installation with energy storage
Wind power installation with energy storage (BOS)Wind power installation with energy storage (BOS)
PV park of PV park of 55 MWp with energy storageMWp with energy storage
VRB batteriesVRB batteries
2 tank electrolyte system, a characteristic of2 tank electrolyte system, a characteristic of VRB VRB
batterybattery
King Island caseKing Island case
System upgrade: addition of an energy storage unitSystem upgrade: addition of an energy storage unit
VRBVRB Energy storage unit imagesEnergy storage unit images
Wind park with energy storage inWind park with energy storage in VRB VRB
(vanadium redox batteries)(vanadium redox batteries)
Energy storage in HokkaidoEnergy storage in Hokkaido
Kythnos hybrid system caseKythnos hybrid system case
Phases of system evolutionPhases of system evolution
Kythnos hybrid system in Kythnos hybrid system in 19831983
System upgrade in System upgrade in 20012001
Comparison of power stationsComparison of power stations’’ installedinstalled –– vehicle vehicle
installed power in Europeinstalled power in Europe
PlugPlug--in vehicles & grid integrationin vehicles & grid integration
PlugPlug--in hybrid carin hybrid car
Commercial vehicle Commercial vehicle with plugwith plug--in optionin option
Hydrogen energy storageHydrogen energy storage
Energy storage with electrolytic hydrogen generationEnergy storage with electrolytic hydrogen generation
Hydrogen application images, showing clearly the Hydrogen application images, showing clearly the
futurefuture
A nice energy storage illustrationA nice energy storage illustration
Scientific interest for energy storage is escalatingScientific interest for energy storage is escalating
IRES II, World Conference Center, Bonn, 2007IRES II, World Conference Center, Bonn, 2007
Thermal power from Municipal Thermal power from Municipal
Solid Waste Solid Waste ((MSW)MSW)
MSW is a invaluable thermal energy source, as MSW is a invaluable thermal energy source, as
incineration or pyrolysis recovers energy stored in incineration or pyrolysis recovers energy stored in
the organic mass in a form of chemical energy the organic mass in a form of chemical energy
after natural processes like photosynthesis or after natural processes like photosynthesis or
industrial and chemical processes (e.g plastics).industrial and chemical processes (e.g plastics).
Waste to heat MSW incineration plantWaste to heat MSW incineration plant
Flow chartFlow chart
A waste to heat layoutA waste to heat layout
Plant view from a small size waste to heat plantPlant view from a small size waste to heat plant
MSW plant in MallorcaMSW plant in Mallorca
Control panelControl panel
Inspection window of furnaceInspection window of furnace
Flue gasses measuring & monitoring unitFlue gasses measuring & monitoring unit
Chemical analysis laboratoryChemical analysis laboratory
Waste separation unit Waste separation unit
Anaerobic digestion of organic content of wasteAnaerobic digestion of organic content of waste
Anaerobic digestion unitAnaerobic digestion unit
Fermentation Fermentation –– biogas storage vesselbiogas storage vessel
Schematic of gasification unit
Water economizersWater economizers
Low Purchase and installation cost , based on Low Purchase and installation cost , based on
very simple design.very simple design.
Operation principle is based on mixing water with air. Operation principle is based on mixing water with air.
Though technology involved is quite simple, environmental Though technology involved is quite simple, environmental
and financial benefits are very significant.and financial benefits are very significant.
They reduce actual water They reduce actual water
flow by 50% to 70%flow by 50% to 70%
Total water consumption Total water consumption
is reduced by 30% to is reduced by 30% to
60%60%
They reduce the installed power and energy They reduce the installed power and energy consumption of boilerconsumption of boiler
They increase the energy contribution of existing They increase the energy contribution of existing solar thermal plantssolar thermal plants
They reduce energy consumption of fossil fuels.They reduce energy consumption of fossil fuels.
They reduce waste water treatment plant loads.They reduce waste water treatment plant loads.
They eliminate emptying of waste water buffer They eliminate emptying of waste water buffer
and sink. and sink.
They reduce energy consumption of water They reduce energy consumption of water
pressure pumps.pressure pumps.
They reduce water pumping from boreholes. They reduce water pumping from boreholes.
They reduce consumption of precious clean They reduce consumption of precious clean water.water.
They enable escalating and decent water They enable escalating and decent water consumption invoicing of water utilities, as cost consumption invoicing of water utilities, as cost per capita is reduced.per capita is reduced.
Thank youThank you!!
Stavros VolasStavros VolasBEng, MSc, Env AuditorBEng, MSc, Env Auditor