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ESUS: Embolic Strokes of Undetermined Source ,

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TOAST classification Adams. Stroke 1993

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TOAST classification ?

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Cryptogenic stroke: not rare

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Cryptogenic stroke: not innocent Ntaios, Vemmos. Eur J Neurol. 2014; 21:1108-14

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Cryptogenic stroke: what actually do you mean? Cryptogenic Not investigatedMultiple causesReally cryptogenic

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Hart. Lancet Neurol 2014; 13: 42938 ESUS: Embolic Strokes of Undetermined Source

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ESUS: potential causes Hart. Lancet Neurol 2014; 13: 42938

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ESUS: diagnostic criteria Hart. Lancet Neurol 2014; 13: 42938 Stroke detected by CT or MRI that is not lacunar. Absence of extracranial or intracranial atherosclerosis causing >50% luminal stenosis in arteries supplying the area of ischemia. No major-risk cardioembolic source of embolism ( permanent or paroxysmal AF, sustained atrial flutter, intracardiac thrombus, prosthetic cardiac valve, atrial myxoma or other cardiac tumours, mitral stenosis, recent (