ALplus2-ALCplus2 (ACM PDH Radio Link) - Training Manual [Modo de Compatibilidad]

108
ALplus2/ALCplus2 ACM PDH radio link ALplus2/ALCPLUS2 1

Transcript of ALplus2-ALCplus2 (ACM PDH Radio Link) - Training Manual [Modo de Compatibilidad]

Page 1: ALplus2-ALCplus2 (ACM PDH Radio Link) - Training Manual [Modo de Compatibilidad]

ALplus2/ALCplus2

ACM PDH radio link

ALplus2/ALCPLUS21

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Training items

1. ALplus22. SCT or WEBLCT console3. WEB LCT commands4. Link configuration

ALplus2/ALCPLUS22

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IDU

ALplus2/ALCPLUS23

ALplus2 (modular)

ALCplus2 (single board)

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ODU

ALplus2/ALCPLUS24

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ALplus2 Connectors

LIMRIM 1

RIM 2Controller

LAN 1

LAN 2LAN 3

STM1 (1+0/1+1)

16 E1 75/120Ω ODU cable

-48Vdc

USB RS232 RJ45Service channels

2Mbit/s way side

Alarm LEDs:

URG, NURG, SW, TEST

Management ports

NURG URG

SW

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ALCplus2 Connectors

16 E1 75/120Ω

STM1 (1+0/1+1/2+0)

LAN 2, 4

LAN 1, 3

RJ45 management LAN 3, 4

(optical)

2 E1 75/120Ω

Nodal bus

ODU cable

-48Vdc (in parallel)

Power supply Fuse

USB

Alarm LEDs:

URG, NURG, SW, TEST, power ON

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Connection to equipment

• LAN – using an internet browser with the MNGT port address

• USB/RS232 –using a serial connection using the WebLCT Console (on SIAE site: http://siaemic.com and, after the login, Download area, Software, WEB LCT). The connection address is assigned by

the equipment itself) with LCT port or RS232 port.

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SCT

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ALplus2/ALCPLUS2 9

WEBLCT console

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Management ports 1/2

PC address assigned by IDU

Traffic ethernet ports can be used for management (in a separated VLAN)

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Management ports 2/2

PC address assigned by IDU

In case of both equipments (loc. and rem.) in the same LAN

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WEB LCT

SCT: Equipment menu

WEB LCT main menu is similar to SCT Equipment menu.

This software manages a single terminal.

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Remote element list

In order to have the whole link in one page only, local equipment is declared “managed by SCT”, remote one is declared “remote link”. Opposite configuration on remote side.

172.18.81.20 WEBLCT

172.18.81.22 WEBLCT

172.18.81.20 172.18.81.22

Local

Local

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Status display

local alarms

configuration

activity

name and hardware

Rx active branch

Tx and Rx ACM profiles

TDM capacity

ethernet capacity

RF channel and

frequencies Tx and Rx power

Tx active branch

connection

IDU C°

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WEB LCT: equipment configuration

Configuration

ACM setting

Alarms thresholds, Tx and Rx switches

RF channel

Tributaries

Commands to configure a single equipment

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IDU Configuration

STM-1 Mode (1+0/1+1)

Link configuration

STM-1 1+0

STM-1 1+1

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Controller substitutionWhen a new Controller is mounted, download the backup configuration file before pushing the “Apply configuration” button

RED: when there is a mismatch between working configuration and

Controller configuration

Application Alarm

Apply config.

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STM1 synchronisation

Under developement

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ACM setting

Downshift (from 256QAM to 4QAM): the modulation complexity and the radio capacity decrease.

Upshift (from 4QAM to 256QAM): the modulation complexity and the radio capacity increase.

For each modulation profile the number of extra TDM (and then the Ethernet bitrate) can be set.

Radio capacity:

Ethernet

Permanent TDM (high priority E1)

Extra TDM (low priority E1)

ACM enable: bandwidth and reference modulation (its mask can not be exceeded by any ACM profile)

ACM disable: bandwidth and used modulation

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Permanent andextra E1

Permanent: E1 present with all ACM profile

Extra

Capacity for E1 streams

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Adaptive Code Modulation 1 / 2

ACM profilesIn ALplus2/ALCplus2 radio family uses Adaptive Code and Modulation (ACM) in order to employ the correct modulation

profile depending on the Rx signal quality .Available ACM profiles are the following: • 4QAM strong • 4QAM • 8 PSK • 16 QAM • 32 QAM • 64QAM • 128QAM • 256 QAM

ACM switchingThe usage of the previous modulation profiles in a fixed channel bandwidth results in a variable capacity.The criteria defining the necessity of an ACM switching, upshift or downshift, is the Rx S/N ratio .

• Upshift – When there is an increase of received S/N, within the same Channel Spacing, the modulation complexity is increased in the direction from 4QAM strong to 256QAM increasing the spectral efficiency

• Downshift – When there is a decrease of received S/N, within the same Channel Spacing, the modulation is reduced in the direction from 256QAM to 4QAM strong reducing the spectral efficiency,

These profiles operate in an RF channel with the following bandwidth:

• 7 MHz

• 14 MHz

• 28 MHz

• 56 MHz

ODU passaband filters

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Adaptive Code Modulation 2 / 2

ACM settingThe ACM can vary modulation profiles between two extremes defined by the operator through software configuration: Upper Modulation and Lower Modulation.

• Upper Modulation – When propagation into the given radio channel is in the better condition (high Rx • S/N), the radio link is working at the maximum throughput defined at Upper Modulation: the highest • modulation profile that ACM can employ • Lower modulation – When propagation into the given radio channel is in the worst condition (low Rx • S/N), the radio link is working at the minimum throughput, defined at Lower Modulation: the lowest • modulation profile that ACM can employ

Tx Power modeTx power mode can be set as Constant Peak or Constant Average (constant bolometer measurement).

• Constant Peak – Tx power is at maximum at 4QAM and at 256QAM is reduced (typical 4.5 dB) so the • RF Tx amplifier can operate in better linear conditions

• Constant Average – Tx power is the same at any modulation.

The Tx Power mode is set depending on the modulation license of the user

With Constant Average Tx power (Tx Power Constant Peak Mode = Disable), the Tx power at 4QAM and any other modulation is the same, so if Upper Modulation is 256QAM the output power at any modulation is the same of 256QAM which is 4.5 dB less than 4QAM. The result is that enabling 256QAM is a big advantage for traffic but less link budget margin at 4QAM.

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Power profiledBm

4QAM 8PSK 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM

+23

+28

+23.5

+24

+25

AVERAGE

PEAK

AS13 13GHz

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Average

In Average the Max Pout is the Max

Pout of the upper mod (23dBm @

256 QAM) and is the same at any

profile

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Peak and 4QAM as ref. mod.

With Peak mode enabled and 4 QAM as reference modulation, the max Pout is the max Pout of the radio at any modulation

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Peak and 256QAM as ref. mod.With Peak mode enabled and 256 QAM as reference modulation, the max Pout is the Pout that makes the transmitted spectrum not going out from the mask relevant to reference modulation. If reference modulation is not the one that allows the max Pout of the radio, the Tx power mode comes back to Average.

Every time the reference modulation is higher than the lower modulation…the power mode becomes Average

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Max CapacityRF Bandwidth 7MHz 14MHz 28MHz 56MHz

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Radio Throughput (max E1 number)

Radio Throughput E1

48

17

34

5

10

20

40

7

14

30

60

10

20

40

80

12

25

50

80

15

30

60

80

17

35

70

80

20

40

80 80

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

7 MHz 14 MHz 28 MHz 56 MHz

Channel Bandwith

Max

E1

4QAMst

4QAM

8PSK

16QAM

32QAM

64QAM

128QAM

256QAM

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General Preset

Rx Power Low alarm threshold

Local Tx switch in case both Remote Rx are alarmed: if remote Rx are alarmed for more than 10 sec in one minute, on local side Tx switch is performed and a Tx Fail alarm is active (to reset manually)

Link name

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Tributary traffic

• E1

- Permanent (high priority)

- Extra (low priority)

• STM-1

- STM-1 1+0

- STM-1 1+1

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E1 Tributaries

Enable/DisableRIGHT: E1 loop Radio side

Line side

Radio side

E1 name

alarms

Remember that exist

• Permanent E1 (in all ACM profiles)

• Extra E1

LEFT: E1 loop Line side

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STM-1 Frame

• Bit rate = 155,52 Mbit/s , Frame Period = 125µs (rec. G.707)

• Byte matrix: 9 lines and 270 columns row by row transmission (first byte is on the left of the top line )

• Every Byte is 64 Kbit/s channel

•STM-1 frame has a payload big enough for 1 E4 (140 Mbit/s) or 3 E3 (3 x 34 Mbit/s) or 63 E1 (63 x 2 Mbit/s)

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SOH

64Kbit/sRSOH

MSOH

First 9 bytes of all the lines represent SOH (Section Overhead), made up by RSOH and MSOH separated by 9 bytes of AUOH (AU pointer)

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RSOH Regenerator Section Overhead

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MSOH Multiplex Section Overhead

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Path overhead The Virtual Container is made up by path overhead and relevant container:

VC = POH + C

VC path overhead allows BER extimations, alarm and trouble information, multiplation indication.

Depending on C, 2 different POH exist:

VC-3 / VC-4 POH (with E3 and E4)

VC-11 / VC-12 POH (with A1 and E1)

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Compensation of variation of payload bit rate (with respect to nominal one) is obteined using stuffing.

In AUOH there are 6 bytes for justification signal and other 6 bytes (3 in SOH and other 3 adiacent in the same line of the payload) used for stuffing in order to adjust the position of VC first byte: Adjustment, if necessary, concerns 3 bytes more or less (154 µs delay or anticipation) and the update is every 4 frames.

AUOH Administrative unit overhead

H1 H1 H1 H2 H2 H2 H3 H3 H3AUOH

RSOH

MSOH

Payload

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AU pointerFirst 6 bytes of AUOH contain: the pointer to position of VC first byte, the AU and the New Data Flag (it informs there are new data).

This is why AUOH is called POINTER

Byte H1 Byte H2

bit

n° AU POINTERNDF

Administrative Unit = AUOH + VC

AU4 = AUOH + VC4

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Start = First Byte of VC4RSOH

MSOH

AU4 POINTER

9 lines

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TU, Tributary Unit, is made up by VC and overhead TUOH placed in a fixed position relevant to POH of higher order VC (where TU is placed)

In TUOH there are

- A pointer towards VC frame start

- Stuffing bytes

TU12 = 4 columns of 9 bytes 2,304 Mbit/s capacity

TUG is a group of same order TU:

- TUG21= 3 x TU12

- TUG3 = 7 x TUG21 (= 21 x TU12)

TU and TUG

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STM-1 & C4Stuffing and justification

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High order POH (POH of VC4)

• J1 Path Trace: it is the label relevant to VC4

• B3 : BIP-8 parity result of the previous VC4, in MST mode points out C4 quality

• C2 : signalling label that points out if VC4 is equipped

• G1 : RDI, Remote Defect Indication, used to transmit to remote terminal an alarm condition

•F2/H4/F3/K3/N1 : not used

•C4: 140Mbit/s container with justification, stuffing and overhead bits

•VC4 : is made up by C4 and POH (path over head). POH is the first VC4 column (9 bytes)

•AU4 : is made up by VC4 and AU pointer.

•STM-1 : is made up by AU4 and SOH

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STM-1 & E1

SOH

AU pointer

POH

POH

E1

Justification

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E1

AU4 VC4

TUG3

TUG21

TU12VC12C12

x 3

x 7

x 3

STM-1

…in a STM-1 can be inserted 63 E1

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STM-1 Tributaries

Line alarmsEnable/Disable

STM-1 Loops

J0 Path trace

If J0 Received is different from Expected TIM alarm

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STM-1 B2 quality thresholds

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VC4

VC4 alarms

J1 Path trace

If J1 Received is different from Expected TIM alarm

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VC4 B3 quality thresholds

DegradedExcessive

VC4 label: tugStructure

*Tug = Trib. unit group

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VC-12

Tug-3 = 1

Tug-2 = 7

VC-12 = 3

VC-12 1-7-3

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Synchronisation

Synchronisation source has to be selected among the three possibilities:STM-1, Radio link and E1

Priority for each source has to be set

Alarms can be: - Drift (Bad quality)

- LTI (Loss of timing input)

…only if STM-1 is enabled

High Low

Under timeout

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Ethernet traffic

• Packet frame

• Level 2 and Level 3

• VLAN

• Priority (Qos and PoS)

• LLF

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802.3 PACKET FORMAT

Pre.

Octet (byte)

SFD DSAP SSAP lenDati

(LLC-PDU)pad FCS

7 1 6 6 2da 0

a 1500da 0 a 46 4

From 64 to 1518 Byte without tag

Start Frame Delimiter

Preamble: it permits receiver synchronisation

Destination Service Access Point: MAC address of de stination

Source Service Access Point: MAC address of source

Frame Check Sequence

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Switch at Layer 2

• MAC switching: destination local = discarded; destination known = sent to the port; destination unknown = sent to all the ports;

• MAC Address learning

• MAC Address ageing

• Auto negotiation : port speed, duplex-mode.

• MDI/MDIX crossover

• Layer 2 Flow Control / Back Pressure

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Ethernet switch

QinQ

91 00: field to add (the same on local and on remote switch) in case of double tag. This field is add after the Destination Address in the overhead before the transmission and is deleted by the switch on the other side as soon as it has been received.

The Double tag is the default tag of each external input port

Packet output queue depending on packet 802.1p priority

Life of addresses in the MAC address table

Max packet size

Queue emptying policy

- 8421 WRR: 8 packets with queue 3, then 4 with queue 2, then 2 with queue 1 and then 1 with queue 0.

- Strict priority: a packet can go out only if the upper priority queue is empty

- Strict 3: all queue 3 packets can go out, after them all the other using 8421WRR policy

- Strict 3 and 2: all queue 3 and 2 packets can go out strictly, after them all the other using 8421WRR policy

WRR= Weighted Round Robin mode

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CONNECTION EXAMPLESN O

V L A N

A L _ E T H A L _ E T H

N OV L A N

P C 1

N OV L A N

A L _ E T H A L _ E T H

N OV L A N

P C 2

P C 2P C 1

P C 3P C 4

N OV L A N

N OV L A N

1

2

1

2

V L A N 4 0 0 1

V L A N 4 0 0 2

A L _ E T H A L _ E T H

P C 4

V L A N 4 0 0 3 V L A N 4 0 0 3

A L _ E T H A L _ E T H

P C 2P C 1

V L A N 4 0 0 5V L A N 4 0 0 5

P C 1

N OV L A N

P C 3N O

V L A N

1

2V L A N 4 0 0 4

V L A N 4 0 0 4

P C 2

N OV L A N

V L A N 4 0 0 5

An all pass Hub/Switch. Example1

PC1 with PC2 and PC3 with PC4. Example2

PC1 with PC2 and PC3 with PC4 with one external swi tch.

Example3

PC1 with PC2 with 2 external switches. Example4

PC3

PC5 PC6

PC4

LocalRemote

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TAG composition

1 VLAN TAG

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IEEE 802.1Q VLANsVLANs in two different ways:- Based on Port, VLAN related to a local port attribute

- Based on IEEE 802.1Q TAG , VLAN is defined by the VID

(VLan Identifier) TAG content.

Switching between ports is based on VLAN membership defined

into Vlan configuration table.

Lan1 and Port1 are members of Vlan 303

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IEEE 802.1Q VLANs

• Break a LAN into a few smaller LANs and prevent data to flow between the sub-LANs

• Micro segment the LAN with scalability• Distribute traffic load • Better control of broadcast messages• VLAN: a field starting with other 4 Bytes starting with

the 2 Bytes 8100 – the packet size from 1518 Bytes arrives to 1522!

• VLAN with double TAG: a new field with other 4 Bytes starting with the 2 Bytes 9100 (see Ethernet Switch) – Remember to increase packet size!

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VLAN

Disable 802.1q: no Tag filter, “LAN per port” rules

Fallback: if input is tagged, Virtual LAN map rules will be followed; if input tag is not present in the map or input is untagged, Lan per port rules will be followed

Secure: if input is tagged, Virtual LAN map rules will be followed; if input tag is not present in the map or input is untagged, packets will be dropped

VLAN can be used to route packets through local and remote switch.

If VLAN are not used, “Lan per port” assignment is used port by port

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VLAN mapPort 1 Port 2 Port 3 RadioPort

VLAN 720 doesn’t transit through port 1

VLAN 720 exits through port 1 untagged

VLAN 720 exits through port 1 with tag 720

VLAN 720 exits through port 1, with the same tag it has at input (unmodified)

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LAN settings: Interface

Cable

Port status

LAN SpeedFlow control

LLF status

LAN status

Port always active

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Settings for allpass Hub all ports to all ports, Example 1

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Settings for Lan to Lan separated traffic, Example 2

LAN per port

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Lan to Lan separated trafficExample 2 settings

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Priority

802.1p

IpTOS

General rules:

Priority queues are set for all the ports

Priority management can be defined port by port:

in this example, despite general rules, LAN1 does not consider priority!

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Quality of Service

Better service to selected network traffic Different service classes based on the identity of the customer

or the type of application Different service levels or to ensure service quality for time-

critical traffic such as voice or video. IEEE 802.1p QoS (Layer 2- Quality of Service): 3 bit of the

TAG. IP-V4 ToS (Layer 3- Type of Service): 6 bit of the TOS

(D.S.C.P.) - see next slide QoS at level 2, at level 3 or at both

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TOS/DSCP is for IP packets only (level 3!)bits

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Example of DSCP assignement in a UMTS station

NODE B RAB/RB

DSCP value

Queue Service class 802.1p

TBD 7

TBD 6

Synch 46 3 CBR 5

CS conversational 38 3 CBR 5

SRB 36 3 CBR 5

Common channels 34 3 CBR 5

NBAP Signalling 30 2 VBR real time 4

CS streaming 28 2 VBR real time 4

PS streaming 26 2 VBR real time 4

HS streaming 24 2 VBR real time 4

PS interactive 22 1 VBR not real time 3

PS background 20 1 VBR not real time 3

O&M 12 0 UBR 0

HSPA interactive (1,2) 12 0 UBR 0

HSPA interactive (3) 12 0 UBR 0

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LLF

Seconds before the LLF alarm

Port by port, ports to check relevant LLF can be set

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LAN PORTEthernet synch.

LAN cable

From 64Kb to Full Rate Auto Negotiation

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Power Over Ethernet

Port LAN 2 only has POE facility

Power Sourcing Equipment class is auto recognized (Class 0, 1, 2 devices only)• Class 0 8W• Class 1 3.84W• Class 2 3.84 – 6.49W

PD (power device)

Alarms:

Overload

Zero Current

Invalid class

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Spanning tree

The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is a link layer protocol that ensures a loop-free topology for any bridged LAN.

MAC address & priority

Standard STP or rapid RSTP

STP params

edge/no edgeEach port must be assigned to

Bridge1 or Bridge2, every equipment crossed by a packet increases of 1 sec the max age

of the packet

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STP parameters

• Hello time: from 2 to 10 sec, is the period between two BPDU packets

• Forward Delay: the time for a status change (blocking learning, learningforwarding, forwardingblocking). In this way the time requested from blocking to forwarding is twice the Forward Delay (2 status changes)

• Max Age: If the incoming packet has a max age bigger than the one here defined, the packet is dropped

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RSTP parameters

• Hello time: from 1 to 10 sec, is the period between two BPDU

packets

• Forward Delay: the time for a status change (blocking learning,

learningforwarding, forwardingblocking). In RSTP the time

requested from blocking to forwarding between two RSTP ports is the

hallo time (RAPID!) instead if the other port is not RSTP, again the

time is twice the Forward Delay (2 status changes)

• Max Age: If the incoming packet has a max age bigger than the one

here defined, the packet is dropped

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Bridge

00 00 00 1C 00 01

Equipment MAC address, set by SIAE, the same for management and traffic

Bridge priority: in case of same value, the smaller MAC addr. elects the router bridge

High Low

Bridge1 and 2 have same MAC addr. but can have different priority

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Crossconnection matrix

• Tributary – Radio crossconnetions

• Tributary – Tributary crossconnections

• Radio – Radio crossconnections

Remember that exist

• Permanent E1 (in all ACM profiles)

• Extra E1 (…the first are A and B)

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CrossConnect Matrix

Radio-Tributary

Tributary(Front panel connectors)

Radio capacity

Extra (Low priority)

Permanent (High priority)

CrossConnection is performed with a Drag ’n’ Drop of the E1 slot

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Radio-Radio crossconnection (passthrough)

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Trib.-Trib. crossconnection

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CrossConnection ListSelection column

Delect the selected crossconnection

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ATPC

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Link configuration

• 1+0

• 1+1 hot stand by

• 1+1 freq. diversity

• 2+0

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1+1 hot stand-by= FHIGH

= FLOW

= Stand-by= Active

Both radios, working at the same frequency, are active in Rx but only one is active in Tx:

1 antenna – Branching losses are inserted in link budget

2 antennas –Link is in space diversity (and without branching losses)

Best performance for d=150λ (d=distance between antennas)

ODU ODU

ODU ODU

IDUIDU

1 1

2 2

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1+1 frequency diversity

All radios, working at different frequencies, are active in Rx and Tx

1 antenna – Branching losses are inserted in link budget

2 antennas –Link is in space diversity (and without branching losses)

ODU ODU

ODU

IDU

1 1

2 2

= F2HIGH

= F2LOW

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SD management1. Delete SD files2. Create Boot SD3. Create Sw DWL SD4. Enable automatic restore (all)5. Enable automatic restore (Data only)6. Disable automatic restore7. Enable “Not running” Sw delete8. Disable “Not running” Sw delete9. Force automatic restore10. Copy Sw from SD11. Copy Data to BOOT SD12. Copy Sw to BOOT SD_________________________Notes: Sw= Equipment firmwaresData=Configuration Backup file

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Delete SD Files

• Delete all files present in the SD card memory.

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Create Boot SD• Create folder structures necessary and copy the files (system

Version + Backup) from Flash to SD in order to activate the function “mirroring” of the data.

• It’s a creation “HOT” because in this way SD memory works holding synchronized the data of backup.

• SD contains the last update data of the equipment.

• The utility is to extract the SD from “Main Controller Unit” damaged, in order to insert it, in an other controller of the same type and to load automatically System Version and Backup in the Flash (function must be enable).

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Create Sw DWL SD

• Create folder structures necessary and copy the files (Only system Version) from Flash to SD in order to have a SD “Master copy” of the System Version on Flash.

• It’s a creation “COLD” because after the generation of the copy it doesn’t make nothing else.

• The utility is to extract the SD, in order to insert it, in another controller of the same type and to load automatically the “Master copy” in the Flash (function must be enable).

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Enable automatic restore (all)

• Enable the function to load automatically from SD to Flash Boot SD or Dwl SD.

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Enable automatic restore ( Data only)• Enable the backup, but not the System Version, to being loaded

automatically from SD to Flash (only BootSD).

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Disable automatic restore

• Disable the function “ load automatically” from SD to Flash (Boot SD and Dwl SD).

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Enable “Not running” Sw delete• Authorize, after the loading of the System Version on Flash, the

automatic cancellation of the bench not running “bench loaded” (Only for Dwl SD).

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Disable “Not running” Sw delete• Prohibited, after the loading of the System Version on Flash, the

automatic cancellation of the bench not running “bench loaded” (Only for Dwl SD).

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Force automatic restore• Command to force the procedure of “loading” from SD to Flash

(Only for BootSD).

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Copy Sw from SD• Command to force the procedure of “loading” from SD to Flash

(Only for Dwl SD).

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Copy Data to BOOT SD• Command to copy manually the Backup onto Boot SD.

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Copy Sw to BOOT SD• Command to copy manually the System Version onto Boot SD.

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ODU POLE MOUNTING

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1+0 Integrated AntennaSTANDARD POLE MOUNTING KIT

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1+1 Integrated AntennaSTANDARD POLE MOUNTING KIT

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1+0 Not Integrated AntennaSTANDARD POLE MOUNTING KIT

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1+1 Not Integrated AntennaSTANDARD POLE MOUNTING KIT

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1+0 Integrated AntennaFAST-LOCK POLE MOUNTING KIT

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1+1 Integrated AntennaFAST-LOCK POLE MOUNTING KIT

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1+0 Not Integrated AntennaFAST-LOCK POLE MOUNTING KIT

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1+1 Not Integrated AntennaFAST-LOCK POLE MOUNTING KIT

IDU-ODU cable

Gain in Vdc (dBm in Rx)

Ground