.

2008

...................................................... 2 ......................................................... 6 ......................................................... 7 ................................................................................. 9 . ................................................................................... 11 . ............................... 121. ..................................... 12 1.1 ....................................... 13 2. 14 2.1 ............................................................................................... 14 2.2................................................................................................... 15 2.3 ............................................................................................ 16 2.4 ..................................................................................................... 16 2.5 ............................................................................................... 16 3. ............................................................................................................ 17 3.1 ..................................................................... 17 3.2 .............................................. 18 3.3 ............................................................................ 18 3.4 - .................... 18 4. ................................................................................................. 20 4.1 ...................................................................... 20 4.2 ................................................................. 21 4.3 ............................................................................... 22 5. ............................. 22 6. .......................................................................................................... 23 6.1 ......................................................................... 23 6.2 ......................................................... 25 6.3 ........................................................................ 26 6.4 .......................................................... 26 6.5 ....................................................................... 28

2

6.6 ....................................................................... 29

. ............................................................. 311. ........................................................................................... 31 2. ......................................................... 32 2.1. ................................................................. 32 2.2. ..................................................................... 32 2.2.1. ............ 32 2.2.2. ................... 33 2.2.2.1. .................................................................... 33 2.2.3. pH ....................................................... 33 2.2.4. (EC) ......... 34 2.2.5. CaCO3 ................................................................................... 34 2.2.5.1. .................................................................... 34 3. ....................................... 35 4. ............................................................................. 35 4.1. ................................................................................................. 35 4.2. ............................................................... 37 4.2.1. .................................................... 37 4.2.2. ......................................................... 38 4.2.3. ..................................................... 38 4.2.4. ........................ 38 4.2.5. 1 ( 2006) 2 ( 2007). ...................................................................... 38 4.3. ......... 39 4.3.1. .. 39 4.3.2. .................. 40 4.3.3. (Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, P, N) .............................. 41 4.4. ................... 41 4.4.1. 41 4.4.2. ............................. 42

. .......................................... 433

1. (02/05/2006) ................................................................................... 43 1.1 Fuerte Hass ...................................................................... 43 2. (28/05/2006) ........................................................................... 45 2.1 Fuerte ...................................................................................... 45 2.2 Hass......................................................................................... 45 3. 1 (02/07/2006)................................................................... 46 3.1 Fuerte ...................................................................................... 46 3.2 Hass......................................................................................... 47 4. 2 (06/08/2006)................................................................... 47 4.1 Fuerte ...................................................................................... 47 4.2 Hass......................................................................................... 48 5. (06/08/2006) .......................................................................................................... 49 5.1 Fuerte Hass ..................................................................... 49 6. ( 2007) ............................................ 50 6.1 Fouerte.................................................................................... 50 6.2 Hass ........................................................................................ 50 7. ( 2006).................................................................................. 51 7.1 Fouerte ....................................................................................... 51 7.2 Hass............................................................................................ 51 8. ( 2007)........................................................ 52 8.1 Fouerte ....................................................................................... 52 8.2 Hass............................................................................................ 52 9. (Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, P, ) ...................................................................... 53 9.1 Fuerte ......................................................................................... 53 9.2 Hass............................................................................................ 54 10. () .................. 54 10.1 Fuerte ....................................................................................... 54 10.2 Hass.......................................................................................... 55 11. (mol/g FW) ................................................................................................. 55 4

11.1 Fuerte ....................................................................................... 55 11.2 Hass.......................................................................................... 56 12. 2 (17/09/07) ................................................. 57 12.1 Fuerte ....................................................................................... 57 12.2 Hass.......................................................................................... 58 . ....................................................................................... 59 . ................................................................................................. 61 ................................................................................................ 63

5

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Hass ................................................... 12 Fuerte................................................. 12 ................................................................ 36 ........................................ 36 ........................... 36 ,

....................... 31

.................................................................................... 39 .............................................................. 39

6

1. .............................................................................................. 13 2. .............................. 14 3. .................... 14 4. ............................................................................... 19 5. .... 20 6. ........................... 23 7. 0-30 ................................................................ 35 8. ....................................... 37 9. . Fuerte ................................................................................. 43 9. . Fuerte ................................................................................. 44 10. . Hass.................................................................................... 44 10. . Fuerte .......................................................................................... 44 11. . (%) Fuerte (02/05/2006) .................................................................... 44 11. . (%) Hass (02/05/2006)....................................................................... 45 12. Fuerte ....................................................................................... 45

7

13. Hass........................................................................................... 46 14. 1 (02/07/2006) Fuerte ............................................................. 46 15. 1 (02/07/2006) Hass ...................... 47 16. 2 (06/08/2006) Fuerte .................... 48 17. 2 (06/08/2006) Hass ...................... 48 18. Fuerte .......................................................................................... 49 19. Hass ............................................................................................ 49 20. 1 ( 2007) Fuerte ........................................................ 50 21. 1 ( 2007) Hass............................................................ 51 22. (%) Fuerte ( 2006) ........................................................................................... 51 23. (%) Hass ( 2006) ........................................................................................... 52 24. (%) Fuerte ( 2007) ......................................................................................... 52 25. (%) ) Hass ( 2007) ......................................................................................... 53 8

26. (Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, P, N, ) Avocado, Fuerte ................... 53 27. (Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, P, N, ) Avocado, Hass ...................... 54 28. () , ( , , ) Fuerte .............. 55 29. () , Hass.................................................................................... 55 30. (mol/g FW) Fuerte ................................................................................. 56 31. (mol/g FW) Hass.................................................................................... 57 32. Fuerte 2 (17/09/07).............................. 57 33. Hass 2 (17/09/07).............................. 58

9

. , 23 23-26 2007. . , , , . , . , , . , , . . .

10

. (Persea Americana) Lauraceae () (Crane) , Hass Fuerte. , , 1601, 1650 1850. (Morton, 1987). , . 330% ( , 1985), , 2-3%, 0,5-2%, ( 0), 1,2-1,5%, ( A, B C) 100. 207 . , 15 , . 1970. 4.000 , 4.000 3.500 (, 2000). , . , ( , , , ..), (, 2000). , Fuerte. , , , 11

(Bergh 196, Loupassaki et al. 1995, 1997). , Fuerte, , ( 1995, Lahav et al. 1971a, 1971b: Ibrahim et al. 1970). , , , , Hass Fuerte 1 & 2 .

1. Hass.

2. Fuerte.

. 1. , Persea Americana Miller, Lauraceae Mangoliales. (Laurus nobilis L.), (Umbellularia californica Nutt.), (Cinnamomum camphora nees & Ebem.) Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume . Persea (2n=24 ) 50 , , . , , Persea , 12

. Persea Persea indica, Persea borbonia, Perse floccose, Persea longipes, Persea nubigena, Persea schiedeana, Persea skutchii. 1.1 : , . . , , , , , ... 1. 1. .

(2400-2800.). , . ( 225.) , , 15 C, >65%) . 4. 4.1 , , . ,

20

. . . . , . , , . , . ( ) . 4.2 , . . . Heinicke (1923) 2,55 1,5 gr . 21

. . / . , . 4.3 , . , . . . . 5. , . . , (Standards) , 6.

22

6. . ( )

( )

() () () (Ca) (Mg) () (Fe) (Mn) (Zn)

% % % % % Ppm Ppm Ppm Ppm

1,6 0,05 0,35 0,5 0,15 10-20 20-40 10-15 10-20

1,6-2,0 0,08-0,25 0,75-2,0 1,0-3,0 0,25-0,8 50-100 50-200 30-500 30-150

2,0 0,3 3,0 4,0 1,0 100 400 1000 300

6. 6.1 / . , . , , , , , ,

23

. . , . . , , . (Coit, 1921, Hodgson & Cameron, 1935, , 1995), (, 1968, Sidlowski ..,1971, Tafazoli, 1977), (Fischler M. .., 1983, Monselise .., 1972, Wallerstein .., 1974, Goldshmidt .., 1982, Cohen, 1984, Erner, 1988), (Lavee .., 1983, Gezerel, 1990), (Dennis & Edgerton, 1966, Ferree &Palmer, 1982), (Winston & Wright, 1984), (Menzel &Paxton, 1986), (Andersen & Brodbeck, 1988, North .., 1988, Evert & Smittle, 1990), , . , , . . , , . , , . . , , 24

(Kobel, 1962). (1984) . , (, 1968). , , . . 6.2 , . . , (Ticho, 1971). , , . Fuerte (Ticho, 1971, Lahav, 1971a), Nabal (Lahav .., 1986) (Ticho, 1971), Ettinger (Ticho, 1971) Lahav .., 1971a) Benik Anaheim (Ticho, 1971). (Gregoriou, 1989) Fuerte ( ) () , . (Hodgson & Cameron, 1935)

25

. (Ibrahim & Bahlool, 1970) Fuerte 5 , . , , , ( , ) . 6.3 .. (El-Kassas .., 1988), (Crane & Nelson, 1972), (Menzel & Paxton, 1986) (Day & Dejong, 1990). , , Sunset/ M27 2 (Priestley, 1976a), . Fuerte (Ibrahim & Bahlool, 1970) . 2cm 1cm. (Ticho, 1971), (Schneider, 1954), (Casini, 1958), .. 6.4 , (Wallerstein .., 1973, Erner, 1989), (Priestley, 1976a & 1976b), (Evert & Smittle, 1990), (Cormack & Bate, 1976), (Marquard, 1987), (Ticho, 1971).

26

Priestley (1976b), , . 13% 25% . , . , . . N, P, K. , . 35,25-35 7-29% N, P, K . , N P ( ) . N, P, K Mg, Zn, Mn Fe (Day & Dejong, 1990), . Lahav (1971b) Fuerte Ettinger N, P, Ca, Mg, Mn Zn. Erner (1989) . Pristley (1876b) , Ca ( 30-47%). ( ) 27

Ca . . 6.5 . Kobel (1962), ( 1-3cm), 5 , , . , , . Kobel (1962) , , . . . (Kobel, 1962). , , . . . 28

. . Lahav et al, (1971a, 1971b) Fuerte 60-85 . . Fuerte 2-3 ( , ) Ibrahim Bahlool (1970) , , . Fuerte 3 (Lahav .., 1986) , , , . , , (Lahav .., 1986). (Malo, 1971). 6.6 . Noel (1970) . . Coit (1921) . Hodgson Cameron (1935) Fuerte , . . Lahav (1971a) , 29

Fuerte Benik. , , Pollock Taylor, 7mm, , , (Malo, 1971). , , . Hass, Ettinger Nabal (Lahav .., 1971a) Simmonds Ruehle (Malo, 1971). Ibrahim Bahlool (1970) 2 1 . . Trochoulias ONeil (1976), Fuerte , . Gregoriou (1989) Fuerte ( ) ( ) () . .. (Lider, .., 1959). , , , , .

30

. 1. , 20 . 350 . 1986 20 Fuerte Hass 350 300 Fuerte 50 Hass. 7x7 . . 2004, 18 , 0,5 2004 .

3. ( Fuerte, Hass) .

31

10 Fuerte, 12-13 10 Hass 10-11 ( 3). 2 , 25 - 35 cm. Fuerte 2 3 Hass 2,5 3,5 . , (5-6 cm) 50 cm . 2. 2.1. . 2.2. 2.2.1. 30 . 35 - . 30 . 1Kgr. 30 35o

C,

, . . , pH, EC ( ) 32

(CaCO3). . 2.2.2. 50 gr . 100ml sodium polyphosphate. . mixer 1000 ml . methanol 40 sec . . 2.2.2.1. : 40 sec - 5.5 = A A*2=B 100 B = % : 2 5.5 = * 2 = % : 100 = % 2.2.3. pH 15 gr 60 ml 30 ml H2O. 15 . pH pH 4.0 pH 7.0.

33

2.2.4. (EC) , 100 gr, H2O . 4000 E.C. . 2.2.5. CaCO3 5 gr 125 ml (14,2118 gr ) 2 . . 10 ml 50 ml. 5 ml 3 H2SO4 ( H2SO4 ) 70 oC. 50 ml 10 ml 5 ml H2SO4. 70 oC (). 0.1 N KMnO4 . 2.2.5.1. CaCO3 : CaCO3 gr % = ( V V) x 1.25 : V KMnO4 10 ml C2O4(NH4)2 . V KMnO4 1.25 1 ml 0.1 N KMnO4 . 7. 10 ml

34

7. 0-30 .

(cm) PH EC (mmhos) CaCO3 (%)

0 30 5,8 1,3 0,35

3. - , - . 1kg 1kg . , ( ) , . . 4. 4.1. , 10 Fuerte 10 Hass. 3 . , 5-6 cm, ( 0,5 m). . 4 2006 . ( 4),

35

, 1,5 - 2 mm, , . 0,5 - 1 cm 5 - 6 cm. . , 4,5 cm, .

4.

, , 1 2006, , . , . 20 , 10 Fuerte 10 Hass ( 5&6).

5.

6.

36

4.2. . 4.2.1. . , , 04/03/2006 I , 01/04/2006 II, . , . . 2 2006, II I. 2 8. .

0 1 2 3 4

37

4.2.2. . 20 ( 10 Fuerte 10 Hass), , ( , ). 28 2006, I I. 4.2.3. , ( , ). 2 2006, I I 6 2006, I I. 4.2.4. , ( , ) Fuerte Hass, 2007. 4.2.5. 1 ( 2006) 2 ( 2007). . 38

. 2006 2007.

7. , .

8. .

4.3. 4.3.1. . , 23 2006, I I, , . 12 20 , 6 (Fuerte Hass). , ( , ). , , , . 36 . , . .

39

75C 48 . 36 , . . . 4.3.2. , . 0,5 gr , () 500C 5 . Azomethine-H (Wolf, 1971). , 10 ml 0,1 N HCl . . 2 ml ( 0,1 N HCl) 4 ml 4ml Azomethine-H. (PH=5,1) 15 gr Na2EDTA 400 ml , 250 gr 125 ml . Azomethine-H 0,45 gr Azomethine-H 1 gr 100 ml . , 30 45 AzomethineH 420 nm. , g.gr-1 .. (ppm). , .

40

4.3.3. (Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, P, N) 0,5 gr , 36 , () 550C 5 . 3 ml 6N HCl . . 50 ml. 36 Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Fe Zn . . 50 ml, , 2 - 4 ml ( ) () (Page et all., 1982). 470 nm. Kjeldahl. g.gr-1 .. (%), g.gr-1 .. (ppm). 4.4. 4.4.1. 12 (6 Hass 6 Fuerte), 36 , . , 50 75 % . , 41

. . , , . , 0,1 gr 25 ml (6 x 3 x 2 ). 10 ml 80 % , , 60 C 30 , Khon (2000). 15 ml 80 % . 80 % (1 ml : 4 ml ). 4.4.2.

) ) 2 ml (0,5 gr 250 ml ). . 2 ml . , 90 C 15 . , , 625 nm, . .

42

. 1. (02/05/2006) 1.1. Fuerte Hass ( 9 ,9 10 ,10) . , Fuerte, ( 9), ( 9). , Hass, ( 10) , ( 10). Hass, , (. 3.2., .47) , (. 2.2., .45) . , , , (. 6.2., .50) 2 (.12., .57) 9. Fuerte. (%)

53,87 55,19 61,60

43

9. Fuerte. (%)

46,13 44,81 38,40

10. Hass. (%)

59,16 52,80 43,54

10. Hass. (%)

40,84 47,20 56,46

11 11 , Fuerte Hass. 11 . (%) Fuerte (02/05/2006). .. .. .. ..

29,07 31,45 24,87

12,55 9,45 21,70

8,26 14,29 13,47

3,99 0 1,56

44

11 . (%) Hass (02/05/2006). .. .. .. ..

21,02 19,73 22,69

22,07 23,03 12,20

9,93 7,60 1,75

6,14 2,44 6,90

2. (28/05/2006) 2.1. Fuerte ( 12) Fuerte (, , ). 12. Fuerte. / (.. ..**)

1,010,22a* 1,210,39a 1,240,30a

* (P=0,05). **

2.2. Hass Hass ( 13) , (, ). ,

45

. ( 13). (Hodgson & Cameron, 1935). 13. Hass. / (.. ..)

2,200,39a* 4,550,76b 2,270,45a

* (P=0,05).

3. 1 (02/07/2006) 3.1. Fuerte ( 14) / ( 2 2006) Fuerte. 14. 1 (02/07/2006) Fuerte. 1 ( /) (.. ..)

1,010,19a* 0,890,35a 1,070,26a

* (P=0,05).

46

3.2. Hass Hass ( 15) (, ). (2 2006) . 15. 1 (02/07/2006) Hass. 1 ( /) (.. ..)

1,540.26a* 3,270,68b 1,240,28a

* (P=0,05).

4. 2 (06/08/2006) 4.1. Fuerte / ( 6 2006) Fuerte ( 16) .

47

16. 2 (06/08/2006) Fuerte.

2 ( /) (.. ..)

0,050,01a* 0,020,02a 0,010,01a

* (P=0,05).

4.2. Hass ( 17) Hass / ( 6 2006) . 17. 2 (06/08/2006) Hass. 2 ( /) (.. ..) 0,150,09a* 0,000,00a 0,000,00a

* (P=0,05).

48

5. (06/08/2006) 5.1. Fuerte Hass , 4 2006 ( ) , 1 2006 ( ), (Fuerte Hass)( 18, 19). 18. Fuerte. (.. ..)

0,090,03a* 0,150,05a 0,280,10a

* (P=0,05).

19. Hass.

(.. ..)

0,560,20a* 1,150,28a 1,020,23a

* (P=0,05).

49

6. ( 2007) 6.1. Fuerte ( 20) Fuerte, ( 2007) . . , . 20. 1 ( 2007) Fuerte. .. 1 2258,91a* 1453.95b 2757.77c

* (P=0,05).

6.2. Hass Hass ( 21) ( 2007) . , . , , .

50

Ticho (1971), . 21. 1 ( 2007) Hass.

.. 1 2626.66a* 1539.78b 32011.18c

* (P=0,05).

7.

( 2006). 7.1. Fuerte 2006 Fuerte 70% ( 22) . 22. (%) Fuerte ( 2006). (%)

70 70

7.2. Hass 2006 Hass 51

60% 10% , ( 23). 23. (%) Hass ( 2006). (%)

60 10

8. ( 2007). 8.1. Fuerte 2007, Fuerte. 80% ( 24) . 24. (%) Fuerte ( 2007). (%)

80 80

8.2. Hass Hass 2007 .

52

70% 60% ( 25). , Fuerte, 70%, . , Hass ( 24, 25). 25. (%) ) Hass ( 2007). (%)

70 60

9. (Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, P, ) 9.1. Fuerte (Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, P, B) Fuerte ( 26). 26. (Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, P, N, ) Avocado, Fuerte.

P(%)0,120,00a* 0,120,00a 0,120,00a

Ca(%)2,680,38a 1,860,19a 2,560,31a

Mg(%)0,380,02a 0,190,01a 0,310,02a

K(%)0,640,09a 0,470,09a 0,470,04a

Zn(ppm)10,830,09a 10,160,70a 11,331,02a

Mn(ppm)28,002,30a 19,003,47a 23,163,79a

Fe(ppm)150,007,93a 132,008,91a 154,0011,86a

B(ppm)18,502,17a 11,661,28a 17,333,00a

* (P>0,05)

53

9.2. Hass Hass ( 27) (Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, P, B) . 27. (Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, P, N, ) Avocado, Hass.

P(%)0,190,01a* 0,180,02a 0,190,02a

Ca(%)2,990,10a 2,560,17a 2,720,35a

Mg(%)0,290,02a 0,270,01a 0,270,03a

K(%)0,840,10a 0,790,05a 0,790,08a

Zn(ppm)13,161,07a 11,830,74a 11,831,07a

Mn(ppm)54,3310,27a 43,009,88a 44,167,48a

Fe(ppm)173,5012,27a 165,169,51a 168,008,50a

B(ppm)19,001,69a 15,161,55a 14,831,24a

* (P>0,05)

10. () 10.1. Fuerte . ( 28). (Priestley, 1976b), (Day & Dejon,1990), (Lahav ..., 1971 b) (Erner, 1989).

54

28. () , ( , , ) Fuerte.

N(%) 1,170,03b* 0,980,04a 1,070,06ab

* (P=0.05)

10.2. Hass () Hass ( 29). 29. () , Hass.

N(%) 1,260,10a 1,110,07a 1,120,09a

* (P=0.05)

11. (mol/g FW) 11.1. Fuerte ( 30) Fuerte,

55

. , (C H/C- > C H/C- > C H/C ). (Wallerstein .., 1973, Erner, 1989), (Priestley, 1976a & 1976b), (Evert & Smittle, 1990), (Cormack & Bate, 1976), (Marquard, 1987), (Ticho, 1971). 30. (mol/g FW) Fuerte. (mol/ g FW)

87,164,57a* 118,063,12b 103,243,26c

* (P=0.05)

11.2. Hass Hass ( 31) .

56

31. (mol/g FW) Hass.

(mol/ g FW)

81,974,28a* 98,786,03a 97,545,55a

* (P=0.05)

12. 2 (17/09/07) 12.1. Fuerte ( 32) 2 Fuerte 2008, (, ). 2008 ( 2007) . 32. Fuerte 2 (17/09/07).

2 0.40.24a* 0.20.20a 2.60.67b

* (P=0.05)

57

12.2. Hass ( 33) 2 Hass 2008, . 2008 ( 2007) . Hodgson Cameron (1935) . 33. Hass 2 (17/09/07).

2 5,60,50a* 4.61.07a 101.30b

* (P=0.05)

58

. ( ) Fuerte Hass ( ). 04/03/2006 ( ), Fuerte. , Hass 04/03/2006 ( ) . ( ) Fuerte Hass. ( ), , Fuerte Hass. , Fuerte Hass. Fuerte, 01/04/2006 ( ). , Hass . (Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, P, B) Fuerte Hass. (N) Fuerte ( ), Hass () ( , ).

59

, Fuerte Hass, 2008 ( ). Fuerte Hass.

60

. 2006 2007 , Hass Fuerte 20 2004 50 . . 20 , 10 . 10-12 . , , , 4 2006 ( ) 1 2006 ( ) . 0,5-1 cm, , 5 . . . ( 2006), (28 2006), (2 6 2006) ( 2007). , ( 2006), . Fuerte . , Hass ( ), . , Hass, , . , Hass 2 4 Fuerte. N, P, K, Ca, 61

Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn . N Hass . Hass , Fuerte .

62

Andersen P.C., Brodbeck B.V. (1988). Water relation and net CO2 assimilation of peach leaves of different ages . J. Amer Soc. Hoth. Sci., 113 p.p. 242-248. Bergh. B.O. (1967). Reasons for low yields of avocados. California Avocado Society. Yearbook, p.p.167-172. Casini E., (1958). Osservazioni e ricerche su olivi improdutivi in provicia di Livorno. Ann. Fac. Agrar. Pisa, 19 p.p.55-136. Cohen A., (1984). Citrus fruit enlargement by beans of summer girdling. Journal of Horticultural Science, 59 p.p. 119-125. Coit Eliot J., (1921). The effect of girdling the avocado. California Avocado Association Annual Report, 1920 and 1921, p.p. 69-70. Cormack D.B., Bate G.C., (1976). Seasonal fluctuation of total non structural carbohydrate levels within the Macadamia integrifolia cultivar Kalea and its relation to shoot extension. Rhod. J. Agr. Res., 14 p.p.39-45. Crane C.J., Nelson M.M. (1972). Effects of crop load, girdling and auxin application on alternate bearing of the pistachio. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 97 p.p.337-339. Day K.R., Dejong T.M., (1990) Girdling of early season Mayfire necratine trees. Journal of Horticultural Science, 65 p.p.529-534. Dennis F.G.Jr., Edgerton L.J. (1966). Effects of gibberellins and ringing on apple fruit development and flower bud formation. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 88 p.p.14-24. El- Kassas Shehata, El-Agamy Samir Z., El-Sese Ahmet M., Mohamed Eiman A., (1988). Physiological studies on girdling of sultani fig trees. B: effect of girdling width. Assiut Journal of Agricultural Science, 19 p.p. 339-354. Erner Y., (1988). Effects of girdling on the differentiation of inflorescence types and fruit set in shamouti orange trees. Israel Journal of Botany, 37 p.p. 173-180. Erner Y., (1989). Citrus fruit set: Carbohydrate, hormone and leaf mineral relationships. The volcani center, Bet Dagan, Israel, No 2347-E 1988 series. Evert D.R., Smittle D.A., (1990). Limb girdling influences rooting survival, total sugar and starch of dormant hardwood peach cuttings. Hort. Science. 25 p.p. 1224-1226. Fischler M., Goldschmidt E.E., Monselise S.P. (1983). Leaf area and fruit size on girdled grapefruit branches. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.,108 p.p. 218-221.

63

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