1
-
Upload
konstantina-nakoudi -
Category
Documents
-
view
44 -
download
7
description
Transcript of 1
-
1
1.
.
( ) .
(00.00GMT 12.00GMT)
.
:
1. (
).
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. .
6. (, , ). .
7. (
).
8. .
9. .
10. ( ) .
11. .
,
( , 0C )
.
(, ,
..) (P,T,Td, ..) ( 1).
,
-
.
.
.
.
1. .
2. .
3. (.. 67F = 29.5C).
4. .
5. (.. 56F = 13C).
6. .
7. ( ) (. 1.20 cm).
8. (.. ).
9. ( ).
10. (
(15 = 1.5 hPa).
11. (.. 128 = 1012.8 hPa)
12. .
13. .
-
1. () .
1. .
2. .
3. (.. 67F = 29.5C).
4. .
5. (.. 56F = 13C).
6. .
7. ( ) (. 1.20 cm).
8. (.. ).
9. ( ).
10. (
(15 = 1.5 hPa).
11. (.. 128 = 1012.8 hPa)
12. .
13. .
1. .
(, ,
, )
.
2. . To .
,
.
.
-
.
.. 1. : 1 ( ), 2 , 3
, 4 5
.
2.
.
, (cold front). ,
(warm front).
, (stationary front).
-
3. ,
.
, ,
,
. ,
(occluded front).
( ) ,
( ),
,
.
.
Cirrus, Cirrostratus, Altostratus, Nimbostratus, Cumulonimbus.
Cirrus ,
Altostratus, Nimbostratus, Cumulonimbus ,
, .
,
, .
,
, .
4.
-
Stratocumulus,
Cumulonimbus, Nimbostratus Altostratus
. ' ,
. ,
5.
.
.
, .
.
, ,
.
,
. , 5 7 .
.
.
-
6. .
.
. ,
(.. ),
.
. 5hPa
4hPa (.7),
1000 hPa: 990hPa, 995hPa, 1000hPa, 1005hPa, 1010hPa,
992hPa, 996hPa, 1000hPa, 1004hPa, 1008hPa, ...
7.
.
.
. 1)
, 2) .
.
-
.
8.
,
.
3. ,
.
.
, ,
, . (GH)
:
GH=H0
)(
g
g
H o , go=g(45).
(gm).
.
, .
850 hPa, 700hPa, 500hPa, 300hPa (. 9), 200hPa
100hPa (1hPa=1mb). . 850hPa 40
60 (gm), 1520gm.
.
850 hPa , .. 1520, 1560 gm ...
,
1000m
.
-
9. (300mbs)
, .
. ,
.
.
:
:
pkf
V zg =r)r
1
. ,
:
zkf
gV pg =
r)r
, (
) .
850 hPa 500 hPa.
850hPa
.
500 hPa
.
-
500hPa,
. .
, (L) ,
() .
10. ()
() 500 hPa. .
500 hPa oC.
4. (. 850 hPa)
(. 1000x1000 km2)
11.
Vg ( ). A
,
. .11
Vg
( ).
,
11, .
, ,
" "
(temperature advection). :
M=- )cos(TVTV gg =rrrr
gVr
r
T .
0, 180>90
. =90, (=0).
-
11. ,
.
. 11 " ".
A. .
gVr
= =50km/hr r
T =4C/100km =60,
: 1C/hr.
.
.
.
-
(. 13), PH
:
H=H
d
p
pIn
g
TR 0
12. 850 mbs (
) ( ) .
T
P
13.
.
-
PH
=H
d
p
pIn
g
TR 0
PH.
( )
(
) .
850 hPa
:
( ).
( ..)
,
500x500Km2 ( )
.
5. .
14 16, , 850 hPa 500 hPa
18/11/2011.
(. 14)
. 14,
.
,
.
.
850hPa 15,
, 5 .
,
,
. 15
.
500 hPa 18/11/2011 ( 16),
,
. ,
,
.
500hPa ,
-
16.
14. 18/11/2011.
14. .
-
15. 850hPa 18/11/2011.
15. 850hPa .
-
16. 500hPa 18/11/2011
16. 500hPa .
-
1. http://www.wetterzentrale.de/topkarten/fsfaxbra.html
,
. :
.
.
.
.
;
2. http://weather.uwyo.edu/upperair/uamap.html
maps 850 hPa
,
850 hPa Europe (:
observations)
.
.
.
3. http://weather.uwyo.edu/upperair/uamap.html
500 hPa ,
500 hPa Europe (:
observations).
trough ( ) Ridge (
).
.
;
;