1253-Επαγγελματισμός & Επαγγελματικοποίηση Της Θέσης...

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1 ΕΘΝΙΚΟ ΚΑΙ ΚΑΠΟΔΙΣΤΡΙΑΚΟ ΠΑΝΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΟ ΑΘΗΝΩΝ Προγράμματα Συμπληρωματικής Εκπαίδευσης Με τη χρήση καινοτόμων μεθόδων εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευσης ΠΡΟΓΡΑΜΜΑ: ΔΙΟΙΚΗΤΙΚΗ ΤΕΧΝΟΓΝΩΣΙΑ ΚΑΙ ΣΧΟΛΙΚΗ ΗΓΕΣΙΑ 1253 - ΕΠΑΓΓΕΛΜΑΤΙΣΜΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΕΠΑΓΓΕΛΜΑΤΙΚΟΠΟΙΗΣΗ ΤΗΣ ΘΕΣΗΣ ΤΟΥ ΔΙΕΥΘΥΝΤΗ

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Transcript of 1253-Επαγγελματισμός & Επαγγελματικοποίηση Της Θέσης...

  • 1

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    1253 -

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    Copyright 2012, , . . .

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    1. , , , : ..................................................... 5 ................................................................................................. 7 1. ............................................................................................ 8 2. , ................................................ 13 3. ..................................................................... 18 .............................................................................................................................. 22

    2. ...................... 23 ............................................................................................... 25 1. ........................................................................................................................................... 26 2. ................................................................... 28 3. .......... 34 4. , , , ........................................ 36 .............................................................................................................................. 42

    3. . ................................................................................................................ 43 ............................................................................................... 45 1. ........................................... 46 2. .................... 50 3. ..................................... 54 .............................................................................................................................. 57 ................................................................................................................... 58

  • 5

    1253 -

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  • 6

  • 7

    , ,

    -

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    ,

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    .

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    .

    .

  • 8

    1.

    ,

    .

    , . ,

    .

    1.1 :

    ( / species),

    ,

    (genus proximum) (differentia specifica),

    (Brante, 2011). Brante (2011)

    (profession)

    (occupation). Freidson

    (1994), :

    ,

    ,

    .

    , profession profiteri

    ( profiter), , ,

    (, 1972),

    1.

    1.2

    , ,

    - .

    1 : profession, occupation, vocation, , () ( ) . , .

  • 9

    1.2.1

    profession.

    18

    ,

    (Abbott Meerabeau, 2003).

    ,

    (Burrage et al., 1990),

    (Saks, 2012), profession,

    , / (status)

    (Abbott Meerabeau, 2003 , 1994).

    ,

    ,

    ,

    , /

    (Brante, 2011).

    Jamous Pelloile (1970),

    :

    ) ,

    ,

    ) ,

    -

    ( ,

    ) (Jamous Pelloile, 1970).

    , , Jamous Pelloile,

    , /,

    , .

    .

    , ,

    (Abbott Meerabeau, 2003).

    1.2.2

    Abbott Meerabeau (2003)

    , :

  • 10

    ) (new professions), ,

    , ,

    ) - (semi-professions), ,

    ,

    ,

    ) (would-be professions),

    . ,

    (.. ).

    Brante (2011)

    -, , , -

    ( , , ). ,

    Brante,

    ,

    . ,

    ,

    ,

    .

    1.

    -

    1.3

    ( / ),

    , .

  • 11

    1.3.1

    50 60 ,

    .

    (expertise),

    (Freidson, 1986).

    (

    ) (. .. Wilensky, 1964), (.

    .. Barber, 1963 Goode, 1960),

    ,

    .

    / , ,

    (Durkheim, 1933), o

    . ,

    corps intermediaires,

    , ,

    --

    .

    , , ,

    , ,

    ( , )

    . ,

    (Carr, 2000). (

    )

    , .

    ,

    (Parsons, 1939).

    , ,

    - (Parsons, 1954).

  • 12

    1.3.2

    ,

    ,

    (Ehrenreich Ehrenreich,

    1979 Abbott Meerabeau, 2003).

    ,

    , ,

    , .

    .

    .

    :

    ,

    - (. )

    (Freidson, 1994).

    1.3.3

    (Foucault, 1979) -

    (governmentality) /

    ( ) ,

    (Johnson, 1995).

    , ,

    . ,

    .

    1.3.4

    ,

    /

    (Saks, 2003).

  • 13

    2.

    .

    .

    ( )

    (..

    )

    (.. , )

    2. ,

    (professional)

    (professionalism)

    .

    2.1 (professional)

    ( . professional)

    ,

    , . ,

    - (expert)

    (Baggini, 2005).

    ,

    (Crook, 2008). ,

    19 ,

    ()

    :

  • 14

    ,

    ( ).

    1930 Carr-Saunders Wilson (1933)

    .

    ,

    .

    2.1.1

    (. .. Carr-Saunders Wilson, 1964 Hammer, 1996

    Ciulla, 2000) .

    , , :

    1)

    .

    2) N ,

    ,

    .

    3) N .

    4) ,

    .

    5) ,

    ,

    .

    6) - .

    7) ,

    .

    1

  • 15

    :

    1) (

    )

    ,

    .

    2)

    ,

    , ..

    .

    3) .

    (. 3).

    , ().

    4) .

    ,

    (

    )

    ( )

    .

    5)

    (

    ,

    )

    .

    6) (

    ).

    7) ,

    .

  • 16

    3.

    : http://www.newsbeast.gr/greece/ekpaideusi/arthro/669351/ta-

    tmimata-me-to-megalutero-arithmo-didaktorikon-foititon/, , 19 , 2014

    2.2 (professionalism)

    professionalism Hoyle (1975)

    - (status),

    2. Hoyle (2001)

    . Boyt .. (2001)

    2 professionalism 1. , . 2. , (. , 2008, . 636).

  • 17

    ,

    .

    Freidson (2001)

    ,

    (-) (. Freidson, 1994).

    ,

    (Freidson, 2001 Abbott, 1991).

    Freidson, Weber (1978)

    ,

    .

    ,

    status,

    , ,

    ..

    .

    Durkheim (1990) ,

    ()

    . Tawney (1921)

    . ,

    Parsons (1951)

    .

    (Parsons,

    1951 1954). Marshall (1950)

    ,

    .

    , , ,

    (van Ruler, 2005). ,

    , ,

    .

  • 18

    2.2.1

    Hoyle (1975) , professionality

    (),

    , Hall (1968)

    . Evans (1999) ,

    , ,

    ,

    .

    , Hoyle (1975) ,

    , .

    ( )

    . , .

    ,

    (Evans, 2001).

    2.2.2

    , Hall (1968)

    :

    1.

    .

    2. .

    3. .

    4. .

    5.

    .

    3.

    ()

    . ,

    .

  • 19

    3.1 :

    professionalization [, ()]

    ,

    (Power, 2008

    , 2012). :

    , -

    ,

    ,

    ,

    (Snoek, 2010).

    3.2

    Abbott (1988) -,

    :

    1) ,

    2) ,

    3)

    4) .

    3.2.1

    Carr-Saunders, Wilson, Marshall

    Parsons. , ,

    ()- . ( Millerson, Wilensky,

    Caplow)

    ,

    .

    .

    Wilensky (1964)

    . ,

  • 20

    ,

    .

    , Millerson (1964) ,

    ,

    .

    , .

    Millerson, ,

    .

    O Caplow (1954) , ,

    , ,

    ,

    .

    Millerson (1964) 19 ,

    , .

    , 13 ,

    1825-

    1880 (Millerson, 1964). (), 11 13

    1840-1887 (Wilensky,

    1964).

    3.2.2

    , ( )

    (Larson, Johnson) ,

    (

    Larson,

    Johnson),

    , . Larson (2013) ,

    , ,

    , .

    (professional project) (

  • 21

    Larson)

    ,

    .

    . ,

    ,

    . ,

    (Saks, 2012).

    , - (Saks,

    2003).

    , (Bledstein, Haskell .)

    ,

    , .

    .

    3.2.3

    Abbott (1988)

    . ,

    :

    (white collar occupations)

    . ,

    (), . ,

    , ,

    , .

  • 22

    :

    .

    , , .

    , , , .

    ( ) ,

    .

    - , .

    . .

    .

    , , .

  • 23

    1253 -

    2.

  • 24

  • 25

    .

    .

    . ,

    ,

    .

    .

    , ,

    ,

    .

  • 26

    1.

    ()

    .

    1.1 ()

    ()

    (. . Benveniste, 1987

    Burrage et al., 1990 Middlehurst Kennie, 1997 Freidson, 2001 Snoek, 2010 Brante,

    2011).

    1.2

    , ()

    :

    , , , ,

    .

    , , , .

    .

    , ,

    .

    .

    .

    - , , ,

    .

  • 27

    , , ,

    ,

    .

    .

    ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    , , .

    , , .

    , , - (competence) ,

    ,

    (Siegrist, 2002).

    1

    (, )

    :

    ( ),

    .

    , .

    ( ).

    .

    , ,

  • 28

    .

    . , . , . . ()

    ( ).

    2.

    ,

    status.

    2.1

    ,

    .

    (Halliday, 1987 Brante, 2011). ,

    , Abbott (1988),

    Freidson (2001) Larson (2013).

    2.1.1

    ,

    ,

    , (abstract knowledge) (Larson, 2013

    Abbott, 1988 Timmermans, 2008)

    (expertise).

    ,

    -

  • 29

    (Abbott, 1988). ,

    (Wilensky, 1964), ,

    (Jhanesson, 1996),

    , status

    (Bourdieu Wacquant, 1992).

    , Abbott (1988),

    ,

    , , (Abbott, 1988).

    ,

    (ibid).

    ,

    . ,

    ,

    (Abbott, 1988). ,

    (Brante, 2011).

    Schn (1983)3 ,

    . , :

    .

    , , .

    3 Schn (1983) - : 1)

    . 2)

    . 3)

    , .

  • 30

    2.1.2

    Freidson (2001)

    ,

    , ,

    .

    (Brante, 2011).

    Moore (1970)

    .

    (Schn, 1983).

    1.

    -

    2.1.3

    ,

    ,

    (Murphy, 1988). ,

    ,

    .

    (Larson, 2013)

    (Goode, 1969).

    Abbott (1988) (

    ) ,

    . ,

    (Abbott, 1988).

  • 31

    Larson (2013) , ,

    ,

    ,

    -

    . ,

    Larson ,

    . -

    -

    ,

    (Larson, 2013). , Larson (2013)

    ,

    .

    Jamous Pelloile (1970)

    , ,

    .

    2.2

    ,

    .

    Larson (2013)

    ,

    -:

    , , ,

    .

    , .

    ,

    .

  • 32

    .

    2.3

    .

    2.3.1

    Eraut (1994)

    ,

    4, :

    (personal knowledge), (tacit knowledge), (process knowledge) (know-how),

    (. Carr, 2000).

    , Eraut

    , Jamous Pelloile (1970)

    ,

    .

    ( )

    -, ,

    , .. (Eraut, 1994),

    4 , (expertise: ). (Larson, 2013). , , , . , (Kemmis, 2010).

  • 33

    . , , ,

    (Eraut, 1994). ,

    , .

    (Atkinson, 1984 Light,

    1979).

    2.3.2

    (Halliday, 1987

    Merryman, 1985).

    ,

    ,

    , .

    , () ,

    (Halliday, 1987).

    Halliday ,

    ,

    , .

    Freidson (2001)

    ,

    .

    .

    2

    ,

    ,

    ,

    ,

    .

    ,

  • 34

    . ,

    , , ,

    , , , , ,

    , .

    ,

    , ,

    .

    3.

    .

    .

    3.1

    Morris .. (2006)

    .

    ,

    (

    ) .

    , Larson (2013) Morris .. (2006)

    ,

    . , ( ),

    .

  • 35

    ,

    .

    , ( )

    ,

    (Morris et

    al., 2006). ,

    ,

    ( ,

    , - ..).

    3.2 :

    ( )

    , (. Freidson,

    2001). Weber (1978)

    . ,

    (Larson, 2013). ,

    .

    , ,

    (Berg, 1971),

    (Berg, 1971).

    .

    . ,

    .

    ,

    (Nowlen, 1988). ,

    ,

  • 36

    . ,

    ,

    . ,

    , ,

    (Davis, 2009).

    ,

    .

    ,

    , 5 (Davis,

    2009).

    4. , ,

    ,

    . ,

    ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    .

    4.1

    . :

    5 , , , , , , .

  • 37

    (Freidson, 2001), , (Brante, 2011).

    ,

    (Larson, 2013). ,

    Larson, ,

    .

    ,

    (Larson, 2013).

    ,

    ,

    ( ) (Abel, 1988). Freidson (2001)

    numerum clausum

    .

    -

    (

    ) (Abel, 1988 Lunt, 2008)

    (, 2006). Parsons (1954)

    , .

    ,

    .

    ,

    .

    .

    , .

    ,

    (Freidson, 2001).

  • 38

    4.2

    6:

    , , .

    ,

    (Johnson, 1972).

    (Berlant, 1975). Larson (2013)

    .

    :

    ) .

    )

    .

    ) .

    , ,

    .

    . ,

    , (Goode, 1957).

    4.3 :

    ,

    6 . , , , , (Starr, 1984). , status .

  • 39

    (Engel,

    1970).

    ,

    , .

    ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    (Hackman and Oldham, 1975).

    Freidson (1988)

    , , ,

    .

    Evetts (2002)

    . , (Hall, 1968)

    (Schutzenhofer, 1987).

    4.4

    ,

    , ,

    -

    (Starratt, 2003). ,

    (-),

    ,

    (Lunt, 2008 Brante, 2011).

    ,

    --,

    (Carr,

    2000). , -

    ,

  • 40

    (Starratt, 2003). ,

    ,

    (Freidson, 2001 , 2006).

    , , ,

    ,

    .

    (Caplow, 1954 Wilensky, 1964),

    .

    4.5

    . , Freidson (2001)

    ,

    (status) , .

    O Jarausch (1990)

    , Lindblom (1977)

    .

    (Brint, 1994) -

    (Freidson, 2001).

    -status ,

    (Freidson, 2001). , ,

    (Freidson, 2001)

    , .

  • 41

    2.

    ,

    ,

    ,

    -

    ,

    ,

    .

    .

    , ,

    ,

    .

    .

  • 42

    :

    , -, , , , ,

    , , , .

    , .

    ,

    .

    ( / ), , ,

    .

    .

    , ,

    .

  • 43

    1253 -

    3. .

  • 44

  • 45

    ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    .

    ,

    .

    .

    ,

    ,

    -

    .

  • 46

    1.

    ,

    . ,

    ,

    ,

    ,

    ,

    .

    1.1

    (. Parsons, 1954 Abbott, 1988 Freidson,

    2001 Larson, 2013 Hall, 1968 1975).

    :

    , (, 2009),

    , :

    (Bourjeault et al., 2011)

    (Nygaard, 2012).

    1. :

    ()

    ,

  • 47

    1.2

    2.

    ,

    , (Wilensky,

    1964 Etzioni, 1969 Evetts, 2004 Roberts and Donahue, 2000).

    (discretion),

    ,

    (, 2009). ,

    Weber

    (Weber, 1930),

    ,

    (. Sitkin Sutcliffe, 1991).

    Weber

    ,

  • 48

    ,

    , ,

    .

    Hall (1968 1975)

    ,

    .

    Jamous Pelloile (1970) , ,

    ,

    ,

    . ,

    . ,

    , Weber (1930)

    , .

    ,

    , ,

    . Gouldner (1957 1958),

    (professional

    bureaucracy)

    .

    -, ,

    .

    , , .

    , .

    ,

    , , Gouldner (1950)

    .

    , ,

    .

  • 49

    1.3

    Gouldner (1957 1958)

    (, ..),

    .

    (cosmopolitans),

    (locals).

    .

    (proletarianization) (Oppenheimer, 1973

    Derber, 1982 Murphy, 1990),

    .

    Johnson (1972) ,

    , -

    , , .

    ,

    , (Macdonald, 1995),

    ,

    (Freidson, 2001). ,

    (Derber

    Schwartz, 1991).

    1.4 :

    Abbott (1988) Bourjeault .. (2011) ,

    , Larson (2013)

    . , ,

    ,

    .

  • 50

    Abbott (1988), Gouldner ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    (Waters, 1989) (..

    ,

    ).

    :

    (DiMaggio Powell, 1991),

    (Zucker, 1991),

    (Oliver, 1997),

    - ( , ..) (Gagan, 1998)

    (Wilensky, 1964).

    , :

    (Larson, 2013), (Waters, 1989),

    (Edwards, 2010),

    (Fielding Portwood, 1980), (Zucker, 1991), (Muzio Kirkpatrick, 2011).

    2.

    .

    ,

    .

  • 51

    2.1

    ,

    - , (Schn, 1983

    Middlehurst Kennie, 1997 Quicke, 2000 Fook, 2000 Scanlon, 2011).

    ,

    .

    -

    (

    )

    (. Quicke, 2000).

    , ,

    (Fook, 2000). Bernstein

    (2000) :

    (inwardness)

    -

    , ,

    .

    2.1.1

    ,

    ,

    , ,

    ,

    . Schn (1983)

    ,

    . ,

  • 52

    .

    -

    ,

    (Fook, 2000).

    (Pfadenhauer, 2006)

    ,

    .

    ,

    .

    (Fook, 2000).

    competence

    competency,

    .

    .

    2.1.2

    --

    , . ,

    ,

    - . Nowotny

    (2000)

    . , ,

    ,

    (know-how) .

    (Pfadenhauer, 2006)

  • 53

    (Pfadenhauer, 2006). ,

    ,

    (Abbott, 1988).

    , ,

    .

    2.1.3

    Bernstein (1996) ,

    (genericism),

    .

    , ,

    .

    (key skills), (core skills), (thinking skills).

    - .

    , ,

    -

    .

    2.2

    ,

    (Strathern, 2000).

    ,

    ,

    ,

    .

    , ,

    ,

    ,

    (Miller

    and Rose, 1991).

    ,

  • 54

    .

    . ,

    ( )

    ,

    (Whitty, 2008).

    3.

    . , :

    , , -, .

    3.1

    Middlehurst Kennie (1997)

    :

    .

    ,

    .

    .

    .

    , /

    .

  • 55

    , .

    .

    3.2

    , (Sachs,

    2003):

    , , , , , , , , , .

    3.2 -

    Middlehurst Kennie

    Cruess Cruess (2008)

    (Stevens, 2001). -

    ,

    (Middlehurst Kennie, 1997).

    Schn (1983)

    - (

    )

    ( -

    ,

    ).

  • 56

    Jan Williams (1993), ,

    ,

    ,

    ,

    ,

    .

    -

    (Quicke, 2000).

    3.3

    , ,

    ,

    (Hugman, 1991).

    .

    ,

    (Dryzek, 2000)

    o-

    (Bohman, 2002).

    - .

    (Djur, 2008). ,

    , (Quicke, 2000):

    , , .

    , :

  • 57

    , (Quicke, 1992) ,

    .

    :

    ,

    .

    .

    ,

    .

    , .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    - .

  • 58

    1

    Abbott, A., (1988), The System of Professions: an Essay on the Division Of Expert Labor, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

    Abbott, A., (1991), The future of occupations: occupations and expertise in the age of organization, Research in the Sociology of Organizations, 8, 17-42.

    Abbott, P. and L. Meerabeau, (2003), Professionals, professionalization and the caring professions, in P. Abbott and L. Meerabeau (..), The sociology of the

    caring professions, 2nd Edition, UCL Press, London.

    Baggini, J., (2005), What professionalism means for teachers today?, Education Review, 18(2), 5-11.

    Barber, B., (1963), Some problems in the sociology of professions, Daedalus, 92(4), 669-688.

    Boyt, T., R. F. Lusch and G. Ve Naylor, (2001), The role of professionalism in determining job satisfaction in professional services: a study of marketing

    researchers, Journal of Service Research, 3(4), 321-330.

    Brante, T., (2011), Professions as Science-Based Occupations, Professions and Professionalism, 1(1), 4-20.

    Burrage, M., K. Jarausch and H. Siegrist, (1990), An actor-based frame-work for the study of professions, in M. Burrage and R. Torstendahl (.), Professions in

    theory and history: Rethinking the study of the professions, Sage, London.

    Caplow, T., (1954), The Sociology of Work, University of Minnesota Press, Minnesota. Carr, D., (2000), Professionalism and Ethics in Teaching, Routledge, London. Carr-Saunders A. M. and P. A. Wilson, (1933), The Professions, 1st Edition. Clarendon

    Press, Oxford.

    Carr-Saunders A. M. and P. A. Wilson, (1964), The Professions, Frank Cass and Co Ltd, London.

    Ciulla, J., (2000), The Working Life, Three Rivers Press, New York. Crook, D., (2008), Some historical perspectives on professionalism, in B.

    Cunningham (.), Exploring professionalism, Institute of Education, University of

    London, London.

    Durkheim, E., (1933), The Division of Labor in Society, Macmillan, New York. Durkheim, E., (1990), Professional Ethics and Civic Morals, Routledge, London. Ehrenreich, B. and J. Ehrenreich, (1979), The professional-managerial class, P.

    Walker (.), Between Capital and Labour, Harvester Press, Brighton.

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    Evans, L., (1999), Managing to Motivate: A Guide for School Leaders, Cassell, London.

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