02. Chords (Opt)
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συγχορδίες σημειώσεις θεωρητικών μουσικής 2014 δημήτρης συκιάς 2
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Transcript of 02. Chords (Opt)
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2014
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2.1
, -, , , . , , - .
. , . - .
1. (pitch letter names) : A (= ), B (= ), C (= ), D (= ), E (= ), F (= ), G (=). - (pitch level). C 4 : C4.
. 1 /
2. / - , .. (= ) , .. (= ). .3. :
3.1 , .. (= , C-E-G).3.2 , .. (= , C-Eb-G).3.3 , .. (= , C-Eb-Gf).3.4 + , .. + (= , C-E-G#).3.5 C : C, C min, Cm, C dim, C. C aug C+.
D3 3 , / , , , , + D.
2014
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4. caret ''^'': 1, 2, 3, ..., 7.
, .
4.1 - , .. 4#, 6@, 3$ .4.2 , - > , 5
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. . . : 1, / 2, , ... . : , / , , ... . - . ( ) , : - - , , 2 - 7 ii6 - V
2.2 1. . , (2) () / interval.
1.1 - - - - .1.2 , .1.3 . .
space - interval .
. 5
2. / numerical name (size) - - - / quality / modifier .
2.1 : 1, 2, 3, ...2.2 : ( ) (), (), (), (), (), ( ).
. 3. (3) / chord, - / triad / common chord. - .
3.1 - . , chord cord accord (agreement) (harmonious sound).3.2 , ,
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/ arpeggio.3.3 , 3 7, , , 3 12, . -.3.4 3 , 4, , 5, ... , / polychords .3.5 - / diatonic, , / chromatic. ( - ) , ( ). (12) / pantonal. cluster. ( 2.9.2)
. 6 -
3.6 / - - 2, 3, 4 , , , , - - 7, 6, 5 - (.. - 2 4 ).
/stacked intervals . . / Common Practice Period, - / Tonal Era - 1600-1900 - 3. '''', / voice leading.
3.7 Multiphonics - . multiphonics , .
''multiphonic'' .
. 7 Multiphonic
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2.3 3 1. 3 / common chord / triad / ter-tian chords ( 3) - , 3 .
1.1 5 3. .
2. :2.1 1 - / fundamental / root.2.2 , 3 , 3 / mediant / third.2.3 , 5 , 5 / fifth.
, 1, 2 3 -. : 1, 3 5! , , , (3) (5). 2, 4 . - 3 ..
. 8
2.3.1 1. (1) (3) - (1) (5) / quality (type) of a chord .
1.1 3 5 (4):
(i) (M) / Major: 3 / 5(ii) (E) / Minor: 3 / 5
(iii) (A) / Augmented: 3 / 5(iv) () / Diminished: 3 / 5
2. (letter name) . , 1 - 3 1 - 5. 3 - 5 - , . . 9 4 -
x y .
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. 9
. 2. 1 2.3.1
1
2.3.2 1. . 5 , / consonants.
1.1 -, , / resolution . , . , , .
2. 5 5, . /dissonant chords .
2.1 , , , . -, .
3. , , - . , - - . - ''''.4. '''' , '''' : .
M E A
1 - 3 3 3 3 31 - 5 5 5 5 5
1 : 9/8 : 5/4 : 4/3 : 3/2 : 5/3 : 15/8 : 2C D E F G A B C
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5. , :
Jadassohn (A Manual of Harmony, 1893) / indepedent , / dependent, - .
2.3.3 1. (1) -:
1.1 - 3 (3, 3), , .1.2 5 (5, 5, 5) .
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2. (3) :2.1 - 3 (3, 3), , .2.2 - 5 (5, 5, 5) .
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3. (5) -:
3.1 (5) - 5 (5, 5, 5), , .3.2 3 (3, 3) .
, ! . 10
, ,
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2.3.4 1. ( ) .
.
2. - .3. (3) : / root posi-tion, / 1st inversion / 2nd inversion.
3.1 (1) .3.2 (3) .3.3 (5) -.
4. :4.1 . 4.2 .4.3 , :
. . .
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- , , .
2.3.5 1. - (7) .
1.1 () / diatonic common chords. / chromatic .1.2 , , - , / harmonic degree.
. 12 :
. 12 2 -
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: 2
2. :2.1 (I, IV, V) () .
3 1-3 .
2.2 VII (II, III, VI) () -.2.3 VII ().2.4 ().
2.3.6 .
, .
1. :1.1 IV ().
3 1-3 .
1.2 V VI ().(iii) VII ().1.4 ().1.5 , - .
2. . 13 3 .. 13
3
3. . 14
viiii I
-iii IVvi V
ii i V +
vii iv VI
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:. 14
() .
2.3.7 - . , () IV () ( ). .
. :(i) .
(ii) 2 3 (1).
(iii) , .. x IV , 4 x () .
! '''' '''' ( ) , .
. - . 4 (3) , .
4
4 III VI . 4 .
:
I 1II 2III 3 3IV 4V 5VI 6 3 6 3VII 7 2
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- :. 15
(i) : D-F# = 3M D-A = 5, . D, ( ).
(ii) : 2 3 I, IV, V () V VI. 4 :
5
(iii) , : . , . .
. 15 5, - .
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2.3.8 1. (, ., / enharmonic chords .
1.1 , -, , .. D# E@.
I: V:
IV: VI: #V:
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1.2 , .
2.4 . -
, , .
2.4.1 (. chorus, . choir) . , , , , , / , -.
(2) , -, (soprano, S.) , (alto contralto, A.), (2) , , - (soprano, .) , (basso, B.).
() , , / range . . 16:
.16
, , ! ...
, .
2.4.2 (3) (4), - / .
, 8 () 1 () / . doubling / . doublure.
1. :
1.1 (1) . .1.2 (5) . 5 , - .
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1.3 (3) . , , S. A. S. T. .
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1.4 , - , ( 2.4.3 ).
2. :2.1 (3) (.)2.2 (I, IV, V) - (3 ) ( - S., A., T., B., ).2.3 (i, iv, V), 3 . .2.4 1, 5 .2.5 .
3 (III, V, VII). V . A ( ). - , .. .
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3. :3.1 (5) (.)3.2 ( - ).3.3 .
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2.4.3 1. . S. / position . : 8: S.-B. , 8. 3: S.-B. 3. 5: S.-B. 5.2. , , S. B., / outer voices, A. T., / inner voices.3. / voice spacing :
3.1 , , , - , (2) (S.-A A.-T.), , , . 8, 8. 3.2 (1) , - .3.3 (> 1) , .3.4 B. T, - .
, , S. ( S. - ), , . . '''' . S. A. '''' T. . - - . . .
4. :4.1 8: 8, / 8: 8, 4.2 5: 5, / 5: 5, 4.3 3: 3, / 3: 3,
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5. / voice crossing: , S.-A.-T.-B. , .. T. .
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2.5 , ,
, - . / Figured bass, thoroughbass. , ( ) .
:1. : 5, 3, 8, 3% ,, *5 , .2. : 6, ^3 .3. : 4^ .4. ''0'' .5. (2) (2) .6. .7. '''' - .8. / () . , - ''3''.9. , - 3.
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2.6 3
1. 3 (5) - . 7 - 7.
1.1 - . (3) , (4) .
2.6.1 (4) (3)
7 ( 7 8, ) (12) :
(i) 7.(ii) 7. -
, / Dominant seventh chord (V7).
(iii) 7, . 7 (= 6) - 6 ( 2.10.1).
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(iv) 7.(v) 7.
(vi) 7, 7 (= 6) 6 / added sixth ( 2.10.1).
(vii) 7, .(viii) 7, / half-diminished.
(ix) 7, / diminished / . diminuita.(x) 7.
(xi) 7, , .
(xii) 7, , .
. 23 7 jazz/pop .. 23
2.6.2 :. 24
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2.6.3 (3) :
:7,&5 ,, &5 .:5^ , ^5 .:3$ , ^4 .:2,$2 , ^4 .
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2.7 3 7 '
, . (7) , 8 . - (V) .
. ' , , . 11 13 . , - / voice leading, 3. 19 . 20, 3. '''' '''' . - .
. 28 V, V7, V9, V11, V13
2.7.1 ' 1. 9 V9 V (7 . 9 - (, ).2. V9 :
2.1 : 9, (7 .2.2 : 6& .
2.3 : .
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2.4 : !4 ) , !2 ) .2.5 : .
3. V9 , 5 .4. V9 :
4.1 9 V9 9 .4.2 , 9 V9 7 .4.3 , 9 V9 -.
. 29 ' ( )
. 30 ' ( )
2.7.2 91. 9 - .
, , . - / polychords.
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1.1 (4) , 4 4 = 16 9, (12).
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. 32 12 9
1.2 , , 3 - 9 :
. 33 9 3
2.7.3 11 131. , 3 9 - 11 13 .2. 2.7.2.1 :
2.1 11 (2) 3 .2.2 11 .2.3 13 (3) .2.4 13, (7) , . 13.
. 34 11 13
3. 11 13 , . :
. 35 11 13
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2.8 4 / 51. 20 . 3 2 / 7 4 /5 .
1.1 4 4 / quartal chords.1.2 2 2 / secundal chords.
2. 3 - , 4 / 5 - .
, , -, .. F (C-E-G).
3. 4 / added 4th, .. C-F-G 4.
2.8.1 41. (3) 4:
(i) 4-4(ii) 4-4
(iii) 4-4(iv) 4-4
.. 36 3 4
2. (i) . (ii) (iii) 4 .3. 4 (i) -, (ii) (iii). - .4. 4 (2) :
. 37 4
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2.8.2 41. 4 . (5) 4:
. 38 5 4
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1.1 4-4-4 .2. 4 (3) :
. 39 4
2.8.3 41. 4 - . .
. 40 4
2. 4 13 ( 2.7.3). 4 13.
2.8.4 51. 5 4, - 4 5 / quintal chord.2. (3) 5, 2.8.1 . 36, :
. 41 5
3. (2) 5 :. 42 5
. 37 & 42.
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2.9 2 / 71. 2 / secundal chords - 2 & ( 2 3 3 ).2. 2 / added 2nd, .. C-D-G 2.
2.9.1 2
3. (4) 2:(i) 2 / 2
(ii) 2 / 2(iii) 2 / 2(iv) 2 / 2
. 43 4 2
4. '''' :
. 44 2
5. 2 (2) ( - ):
. 45 4 ( )
. 46 4 ( )
2.9.2 2 / Clusters1. 3 4 2.2. 2 clusters.
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3. Cluster 2 - .
. 47 2 Cluster
cluster (, , - ), tone cluster. 20 . Leo Ornstein (1893-2002) Henry Cowell (1897-1965) clusters. 13 8 cluster. - V13 , , . cluster , cluster G4-G5 -. '''' K. Penderecki . - - .
2.10 1. 3 4 . 2 2 . - / added-note chords.2. / , , .. 6 6.
2.10.1 3
1. 2 2 (1, 3, 5) - . .
. 48
2. .
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. 49
3. 7 9. - 2 .
. 50 7 9
. 50 9 4 11 F# .
2.10.2 4
1. 4.. 51 4
2. 4 3 , 7 9 .3. 4 - ( 2.11).
- . , , .
2.10.3 '''' 1. 3 ''-'' '''' / wrong-note style.
1.1 . 52 - - / major-minor chord.
2. '''' , .3. 3 '''' .
. 52 ''''
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2.11 Hindemith1. P. Hondemith (3) -:
(i) : (1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6, 8).
(ii) : .(iii) : .
2. / mixed interval chords.
. 53 Hindemith
. 53 N 3, op.22 Hindemith , 2 3 . , ( 2.12). .
2.12 1. / / whole-tone chords - / / whole-tone scale. 2. - ( .54):
(i) (ii) V7
(iii) V9 5(iv) 6 (v) 11 5
. 54
2.13 1. / polychord -.
1.1 3. 7 9 3. 2 4.
2. - - . , ..
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.3. , - .
. . , . - .
. 55:(i) 3 .
11.(ii) 7, 7 , . -
13.(iii) 2 Stravinsky.
.. 55
2.14 Schnittke Variations on a Chord (1966) Alfred Schnittke.
12 . - (3) '''' 7, 7 (C2-B2 G5-F#5) 7 (F3-E@4). C = 0.
' . ' .
. 56 Schnittke
2.15 - 1. 5 3 ( ) 3 ( ) / bimodal ( E. Ubieta) - .
1.1 7, 9 .2. : /, 7/ .3. / skyscraper chord - .
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.. 57 -
2.16 1. / mystic chord Pro-metheus chord Scriabin 8 14 , 12 5 8 , -. 4 / quartal hexachord.
1.1 4, 4, 4.1.2 Scriabin.
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2. :. 59
3. .4. Scriabin - 3 7, 9, 11 13.
. 60 Scriabin
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Scriabin , . , Busoni, .
2.17 '''' 1. 6 / augmented sixth chord: /national chords - - . - 6 . -, . , , 3. - .
1.1 (3) : (It.+6), (Ger.+6), (Fr.+6) (2) : , , (En.+6) (Au.+6).1.2 . .
. 61 6
2. '''' -:
. 62
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2014
(Cover)2.1 2.2 2.3 3 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 2.3.4 1. ( 2.3.5 2.3.6 2.3.7 2.3.8
2.4 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3
2.5 2.6 32.6.1 2.6.2 2.6.3
2.7 2.7.1 ' 2.7 2.7.1 ' 2.7.2 92.7.3 11 13
2.8 4 / 52.8.1 42.8.2 42.8.3 42.8.4 5
2.9 2 / 72.9.1 22.9.2 2 / Clusters
2.10 2.10.1 3 2.10.2 42.10.3 ''''
2.11 Hindemith2.12 2.13 2.14 Schnittke2.15 - 2.16
