Η Μπάμια

eContetplus Project Organic.Edunet

eContentplus programme

1


eConteplusProject

Organic.Edunet

:

MSc

2008

2


- ...

....

......

......

......

....

...

.....

..

...

....

....

...

..

....

...

....

...

....

....

...

..

.......

.

.

....

......

......

...

4

5

6

7

10

11

12

14

14

14

14

15

15

15

16

16

16

16

16

16

17

17

17

17

18

18

19

19

21

3


: Hybiscus esculentus L.

: Malvaceae ()

1:

- :

.

, .

. , . ,

.

, .

,

1216 ..

.

. (New Orleans).

1781.

.

()

. .

.

4


.

(Hibiscus esculentus L.)

, , ,

.

. , ,

... (, , ,

). Sudano-Sahelian

. Guinean (A.manihot spp manihot)

, , , .

:

,

.

. ,

.

10 cm

.

, .

3-6 cm,

.

.

.

. ,

,

.

(

) (, )

(...) (Jones, 1975). ,

20% ,

.

5


,

, ( 70%).

,

.

,

Malvaceae,

, (Mali).

, A. manihot ssp. tetraphyllus

.

, .

:

, .

.

9

.

.

1

:

90,2 % (Ca) 81mg 7g (2%) (Fe) 0.8mg 2 g (4%) (Mg) 57mg 0,1g () 63mg () 303mg 375 IU (a) 8mg C 21.1mg (Zn) 0.6mg 0.4mg (Cu) 0,1mg 53mg (Mn) 1mg 6 0.2mg

1: 100g

6


:

,

.

, ,

. , ,

0.5

2m.

:

) 1.8-2.1m ,

) 1.5-1.8m,

) 1.2m

) 0,9m

.

40-50cm .

.

.

, ,

, .

.

, (, ) .

.

6 8 , .

, ,

, .

.

(

).

, .

, , 3-5

.

.

7


,

.

. 10-25cm

, 15-35cm .

, ,

2-2.5cm. ,

3.5 5.5cm.

,

5 .

.

.

, (5-10 ), 5

5 ,

.

.

2: ( .. )

35-60 .

.

.

.

()

.

8


(Apis melifera) Bombus suriconus

.

10%.

19%

.

500m .

, ,

. ,

.

.

.

.

, ,

10-30cm 1-4cm, .

3:

.

.

,

. ,

.

9


,

.

5mm 30-35 ,

. 30-90 .

, 1000

30 80g

:

.

:

. (

), , .

, ,

.

-35. .

,

.

.

. .

.

, , ,

.

.

. .

.

.

.

,

1965 , .

10


.

.

.

.

.

.

.

, ,

(Perkins Spinelles, White Velvet, Perkins Mammoth,

Dwarf green Long Pod) Pusa sawani.

,

.

:

, , .

,

.

.

.

.

.

,

.

(70-

75%).

, .

,

( ,

),

.

11


.

, ,

.

, , , ,

.

- (pH=6.5-7).

, ,

. .

.

,

.

, ,

.

, ().

:

. 2.5-3kg

4-6 .

.

24

. ,

30C 24 .

.

,

.

-,

15C. ,

.

2-3 .

4550 cm 20-

12


25cm.

, 10-15 cm.

( ).

,

.

0.8kg

45cm.

2-4cm.

5-10cm 1-2 25-30cm.

,

.

,

.

.

.

,

.

,

.

.

,

. ,

,

, ,

.

,

, .

13


:

,

-. ,

4-6

, 3-4 30-40cm.

,

.

, .

:

:

,

. 1-2

15 .

. , ,

.

70%.

.

.

.

,

: ) ,

, ) ,

, ) ) ,

.

,

.

,

.

14


:

,

. , 30-60cm,

.

,

.

.

,

.

.

pH .

.

,

.

2-5tn , 5-6 , 5-6

4-5 .

:

,

.

.

:

,

. .

15


:

,

.

:

o Myzus persicae :

( )

.

.

: (

).

.

.

()

.

Diaeretiella

rapae.

o Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa, Melolontha melolontha, Agriotes sp. Agrotis sp.)

:

.

:

.

o Tetranychus urticae : .

.

.

. .

16


:

.

3

.

(Phytoseiulus persimilis)

(Chrysopa carnea) .

.

o Heterodera sp. :

.

:

().

,

( ).

.

o Septoria petroselini :

.

.

,

( ).

.

: 2

.

50C 25

. ,

.

o Erysiphe polygoni : ()

.

17


.

:

.

.

o Fusarium, Vertcillium : .

.

.

21C,

,

.

:

. 3-

4 ,

.

,

.

:

, 3-5

, 4-6cm.

, ,

, . ,

3-5

.

.

. 3-4 ,

18


,

, .

.

:

) 3-6cm, ) 7-9cm ) 9-12cm.

.

8-10cm , 4 6 .

4

, 6

10-12 ,

.

12.5cm ,

. ,

, .

:

500kg 700kg

700kg 1000kg .

, , 25-30 .

, ,

.

:

.

. ...

, 10C.

4C, 10

30C 10C.

19


. 7-10 7-10C

85-90 % 12.5C 90-95% ,

.

7C (chilling injury),

, .

, , , .

.

, ,

.

20


Anon, (2004) Commercial Vegetables Production Guides, Okra, Oregon State

University http://oregonstate.edu/Dept/NWREC/okra.html

Ciufolini C., (1979). , , ,

.

Cuthberison, Y., (2006). Success with organic vegetables, Guild of Master Craftsman

Publications LTD, pp.159

Davies, G. and Lennartsson, M. (2005). Organic vegetable production, a complete

guide, in Association with the Henry Doubleday Research Association, The

Crowood Press, pp.350

Denckla, L.K.T., (2003). The gardeners A-Z guide to growing organic food, Storey

Publishing, USA, pp. 485

Denckla, .., (2002). , - - -

, , .

Jambhale, N.D. and Nerkar, Y.S. (1998). Okra In: Handbook Of Vegetable Science

and Technology, Ed. D.K. Sahimbhe, S.S. Kadam. Marcel Dekker, N. Y. pp. 589-

607

Kemble, M.J., Sikora, E.J., Zehnder, G.W. and Patterson, G.M. (1995). Guide o

Commercial Okra Production, Alabama Cooperative Extension System

http://www.aces.edu/printemplate.php?content=http://www.aces.edu/pubs/docs/A/

ANR-0959/ANR-0959.html

Lamont, W.J. (1999). Okra - A versatile vegetable crop. HortTechnology 9(2), 179-

184

Pears P. and Stickland S. (2001), ,

, , .

Pears, P. (2001). Encyclopedia of organic gardening, The complete guide to natural &

chemical gardening. The Henry Doubleday Research Association, pp. 416

Rubatzky, V.E. and Yamaguchi, M. (1997). World Vegetables, Principles, Production

and Nutritive Values, Second Edition, International Thomson Publishing, pp: 681-

686.

Singh, B.P. (1987). Effect of irrigation on the growth and yield of okra. HortScience

22(5), 879-880.

21


Sivanappan, R.K., Muthukrishnan, C.R., Natarajan, P. and Ramadas, S. (1974). The

response of bhindi (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) to the drip system of

irrigation. South Indian Horticulture 22, 98.

Splittstoesser, W.E., (1979). Vegetable Growing Handbook. AVI Publishing

Company, Westport, Connecticut.

Swiader, J.M., Warf, G.W. and McCollum J.P. (1980). Producing Vegetable Crops,

Interstate Publishers, INC Danville, Illinois, pp: 549-550.

Watson, L., and M. J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The Families of Flowering Plants:

Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, and Information Retrieval. Version: 14th

December 2000. www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/delta/angio/

. (1999). - - - , -

- . , , :

73-84

., (1996). . .

. .

., (2003). .

. .

. , & ,

, .

.., (1998). . . .

. ,

, 1999-2006.

.. (2000). , ,

., : ,

.. & ,

.

http://www.teilar.gr/schools/steg/agriculture/lessons/lessons_online/internet%20p

apadopoulos/index.htm

.., (1994). .

.

.., (1994).

.

, .. (1994).

. ..., : 172-175

22


, .. .. (1995). ,

, , , , : 174-177.

23

Η Μπάμια

Documents

Transcript of Η Μπάμια