untitled
1.1

41 :
28
(American Diabetes Association)
3

(environmental factors)


(obesity), (Hypertension),


(insulin resistance) β (β cell
dysfunction)
loss)(blurred vision) (frequent infections)
(slow healing of wounds or sores)
1.5
6
Neuropathy)







d iabe t i c r e t i nop a thy
;


d iab e t i c n eph ro p a t h y

;


d iabe t i c mac r oang i o pa thy


d iab e t i c n eu rop a thy

;


d iab e t i c d e rmo p a th y

GLUT4(Glucose transporter 4)
AMPK pathway

agents(OHA)] [3]
(beef insulin)insulin Lispro humanpre-mixed insulin
1.6.2 [oral hypoglycemic agents(OHA)] 4243
1.6.2.1 Sulphonylureas(SU)
β SU
SUα

non-esterified fatty acid NEFA

SU SU
10


SU
Glibenclamide
lipoprotein 3) LDL-C(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol)


GlimepirideAmaryl1996 SU SU
65 kDa subunit SU 140 kD subunit
SUβ SU

Glimepiride
) BG



[4]



BG
1.6.2.3 Insulin sensitizerThiazolidinediones(TZD)
Darglitazone1995
Troglitazone1997Rezulin 600 mgRosiglitazone
1999Avandia 8 mgPioglitazoneActos
45 mg

lipoprotein lipase
PPAR-gammaTZD
Endothelin
Miglitol Glyset-Bayer
α-amylase
α-glucosidase

Acarbose



cobalt(III) dipicolinate complexes 38
32
chromium
Journals of Gerontology 4 19 63
1000 chromium picilinate

(olation)
-
6
(colostrum)(milk) 29
80KDa 242526[3] 700 29[4]
1[5] N-ter C-ter globular lobe1
3D

TF-Fe
pump (proton) pH
pH 5.5

Fe3+ CO3 2- Argα helix
Fe3+ 6
Fe3+ CO3 2-
domain2 Tyr Tyr close state Asp His close state
22
N-ter lobe domain 1 2
lysine N-ter lobe close pH lysine
N-ter lobe pH lysine
N-ter lobe Fe3+
1.9
Cobalt(II) and cobalt(III) dipicolinate complexes