722

I

!.723..724.!.731..740....743..745.!.755....763..767..772..778..780.

723

,,,, a priori. ,,,,.,,.

724

1544. , Judaica, ., 3.250.000 (2.750.000500.000).1880 6.550.000,6.000.000.1918,38,: 14.000.000.,1937,16.000.0001.,,,: 13.500.000,1914,16.600.000,19392.,,.

1545. ,

, , . , , , 1920, 10 1.000 . ,,81.0003.,, (1,3) , (7,1), : 2,9 4.

1546. , 8

,: 1880 6.550.000 ( , ,Judaica)19007.682.00019148.588.10019188.866.200,193710.315.500.,,,1937,16.000.0005,6.000.000!, 6.000.000 , , ! ,,16.000.000,,, 8, ,42!16.000.0002,9,4,5!

1JudaicaVIII737,History.2JudaicaV1497,Demography.3JudaicaV1497,Demography.4.Newsweek1/6/1992,.23.5 . . , , ......,1981, .436, S.

Federbush,Worlds jewry today, 1959 E.J. 9,472: 1935, 16.000.000.1955,11.800.000.

725

1547. ,.

2.750.000 , 6.000.000, 18801.182.500.000550.000,100! , .1.

1548. ,,8,

10.315.500 1937 11.800.000, 19572 12.205.000,1967.Judaica:1967,,13.520.0003.1978, 14.259.525 , 19784.,,.

1549. 6.000.000 ,

,19181939., . 120.000 ( 70.000)5 ... 4.350.000(2.214.000) 384.000 (60.000) 1.130.000 (600.000)6... , , Judaica,,,14.631.388,1937,,,,16.000.0007!,,,;,.,JewishEncyclopedia8,. : (American Jewish Year Book), 1923249.

1.192324,JewishEncycl.XI534,

,,15.518.798.2.Time18/2/1957.3JudaicaV150304,Demography.4.24/2/1978.5L.Dawidowicz,ThewaragainsttheJews193345,Penguin1975/1983,.480(App.B).6.7JudaicaVIII733,History.8JewishEnc.V274,EuropeXI531532.A.Arberry(ed.),ReligionintheMiddleEast,Cambridge1969,vol.I,.

32().9JewishEncyclopediaV274,Europe.

726

10.536.755.,:

35 110 1.000 1.300 1.500 8.000 4.000 5.100 6.112 20.955 57.000 80.000 295.000() 975.000

1.455.112

,1.

3.300.000 253.000/ 240.000() 90.000 90.000 70.000 140.000 650.000 375.000 1.500.000 65.000 43.000 600.000 1.800 350.000 64.000 40.000 5.000 975.000 8.000 2.000

8.861.800

1Dawdowicz,..

727

1550. .LucyDawidowicz.,1,7,7.139.945JewishEncyclopedia..JewishEnc.,15.,,.:/965.000(240.000Dawidowicz),3.500.000(3.300.000Dawid.),88.300 (70.000Daw.),950.000 (600.000D.)....

1551. , ,

, ... . .,8.861.800DawidowiczJewishEnc.,7.139.945,,,.

1552. , , ,

.,,,.,,,,95%,.,JewishEncyclopedia:

49.404 291.655 204.921 2.200.000 170.000

2.915.980

1553. , , 18971922.,..,.

1554. 1880, ,6.550.000.

: 4.000.000 , 1.500.000 ,550.000,300.000200.000.1897 (

728

1937, ), . 40 : ...,2.014.000,112.615,105.800,55.000 , 44.377 , 9.7501. 2.341.542 .6.550.000,500.000.

1555. ,1937, ; 2.341.542, , 500.000 , , 2.841.542, 6.550.000.,, 3.708.555. , !

1556. , , , , 6.000.000,.,Judaica,., 4 (!), 6.000.000,,,.,,,1939,Judaica2,9.534.880!

1557. ,,.,..1955, Judaica. : ,,,67%1914,57%1939,3., .: Turka(Lvov),,1890,2.3681900,2.8921910, 4.887 1921, 4.201 1931, 4.1174. , 1912, 90.000.,120.000,56.0005!,,..,..., aliya (),, 1JudaicaVIII733,History.2.JudaicaVI973,Europe..V1.500,Demography.3JudaicaV1497,Demography.4JudaicaXV1456,Turka.5,.20.

729

, : , 1924 , 1932.,,(280.000),,Judaica,,1.077.556aliya1!

1558. ,

.: 340.000 80.00025.0007.500 4.500 4.0003.5001.75588611035.467.286. ,(3.020.000),(320.000), (50.000), (51.000)2.3.441.000., 467.286, , , ,3.908.286.9.534.880 5.626.594. 6.000.000. , 3.908.286, ,Dawidowicz (8.801.8003.908.286=4.893.514) Jewish Encyclopedia (7.139.9453.908.286=3.231.659).,,:3.231.659.

1559. ,

.:192210.536.7553.,17,, 8 12.000.000 , , ,.19399.534.880,19221.001.8754.;

1560.

.Hastings.,,.

1561. ,1939,9.534.8805!, , 1946, , ..6.000.000.,,1.JudaicaVIII840,Holocaust753754,History.2JudaicaVI973974,Europe.3JewishEncycl.V274.4JudaicaVI973,Europe..V1500,Demography.5.JudaicaVI973,Europe..V1500,Demography.

730

3.642.1001. , ,,1939,9.534.8803.642.100=5.892.780..,,.

1562. Judaica, 5.820.9602. : , Judaica: total of jewish victims: 5.818.5003. ,:5.892.7805.820.9605.818.500.,, 6.000.000!

1.JudaicaVI976,Europe.2.JudaicaVIII889,Holocaust.3JudaicaVIII766767(,),History.

731

,!

1563. Judaica, , , . , Judaica, .15.000,. 1941, 12.000.193941,J.D.C.HICEM30.000, ... , . , 1940, 4.400 , ,... ,.1943,850. 350 . 1944,WRB, 48.000 , . , ,3.000., JoelBrand ,,,,,J.D.C. S.S. , 1.691 , BergenBelsen,17.000.1945Theresienstadt1.200.,1940, , 20 30.000 (25.000).19424411.000,1944,,11.000. 1943, 7.000 . ( 500). 1944 1945, , , FelixKersten, Himmler, , ,,Ravensbrck ( 3.000 50.000). : ,J.D.C.81.000,300.000, , , 342.000.000.,WorkingGroup,EuropaPlan,...,1.000.000 ,

732

3.000.0001. Delacem, . Delacem40.000.

1564. , ,

,,Judaica,1.622.000!

1565. ,

,Berihah.,Kielce,41946,41,,150.00080.000.150.000,,!, Einzatzgruppen! , 70.000,.Yizhak Cukierman, . , ,UNRRA,....70.000,,15.0001.000.

1566. Berihah ,,

,(100.000)., .,,19451946, 110.000, PUR , Berihah. , ,1946,180.000 ., 1947, , 10.000 , , Berihah. , , . 1947, , 15.000.Berihah 4.500 ,,o, Mossad.,,,194447250.00080%,(200.000),Berihah,

1.JudaicaVIII905907,Holocaust..II830,AmericanJewishJointDistributionCommittee.

733

1. ,Berihah,250.000.:250.000,,,,2.250.000500.000,.. . , , .

1567.

1945,.1946,.1946 42.500, 35.000 (...).,3.

1568. , , (CommitteeforJewishDefence),., . 13.000 (10.0003.000)4.

1569. MerkazlaGolah,.,(jewishbrigade), . 194515.0005.

1570. ,

, .,, . ,6.

1JudaicaIV630632,Berihah.2JudaicaVI431,Education.3JudaicaIII902,Austria.4JudaicaIV421,Belgium.5JudaicaIV629,Berihah.6JudaicaVIII857,Holocaust.

734

1, : 90.000 73.000 , 10.000 , 45.000 2.000 2.,:1.000,3.

1571. ,,

. , , , . , : , , Hitler ...4,,,,, ,5 ,,6.

1572. , ,

,.,,,,,,.: 5.000 , , 7!,,:,8.

1573. ,

, . . , , , 4.5005.000,., , , ,1944

1JudaicaV14971500,Demography.2JudaicaVI762,England.3,,.1986,.16.4D.Williamson,TheThirdReich,SeminarStudiesinHistory,.Longman1982/1986,.76.5.NouvelObservateur1723/4/1987,.26,SimoneVeil.6Stavroulakis,.XVI.7.D.Williamson,TheThirdReich,.95.8.,..407.

735

800 . 1. . 80.000 , 4.500 5.000 ,6.000.000,400.000.

1574. ,,,

, , . ,,2. , ,,,,., 500 ,,10.000;

1575. , . 100.000

, , . 6.000.,(!),13. (...)83!106.113.

1576. Oscar Shindler ,

1.100 , , , . , ( ),.Shindler (, !),2000,,,!

1577. .,

, 400,4.,, .YadVashem,,, . , . . , , ,1JudaicaIII818,Athens.Stavroulakis,.XXII.,

1/3:1.500.2Stavroulakis,.XVIII.3.30/1/1980..,37,1981,.22.4Green,.448.

736

6.000.000. .GinoBartali,.2000, 2013, aposteriori24/9.Bartali800.

1578. ,

,,.,, , 1.(1.000).

1579. !,,.: . , , ,2,,,,3(10.000!). : 700 4..

1580. !,

,, , 5! , , ,., 1.000 , , 6.5.000..,..,11942,7.000,7.

1581. ,

.......,.1.29/4/1942,.2JudaicaVIII914,Holocaust.3.Time6/2/1995,J.Jackson.4,.,,1976,.8.5.,1983,60,.13,..6JudaicaIV346.7JudaicaIII901,Austria.

737

,,,RescueTrain,5.000,1.

1582.

,, . , . : 28 1940, 34412.898(13.242)2.,70.000,13.242, 6.000.000 1.200.000 ! : 600.000 , 3.. ,,,,....

1583.

.!,,,, 90%!.;:, 4.,,100.000....!,90%!,: , , .,500(!), , 50 .., 450 (90%)5.,:600(...)...6. 100.000 , .,, .

1JudaicaIV629,Berihah.2., , . 1985, .293.Sta

vroulakis,.93,.1:13.000.3....32,2009,.25,..4JudaicaXIII140,Partisans.5JudaicaXV1395,Trikala.,,60!6.14/4/2013:600,..

738

,363.211,1.....

1584. ! ,

,,,,, , , ,.,,,.

1585. ,

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1586. ,..,,

;.:

1.622.000 200.000 Berihah15.000 MerkazlaGolah91.000 11.500 106.113 (!)400 1.000 10.000 5.000 1.000.000 100.000 500.000 ..

3.662.0131D.Irving,,..670.2JudaicaV90,Camps.3.192193,..1985,.16.4Tschirgi,.217.

739

1587. .., 1.622.000, . . , ...,. , ., : , 1.622.000 (1.)500.000.2.122.000,3.122.000 ,, , , ,6.000.000.

1588. . ,

,,,.,,,, , , .,,11.500106.133.,50, .,, 1.000,7.000 ... 500.000,1.500.000.,,,3.662.013,5.000.000(1.000.000..,500.000.

740

1589. ,, festi, 6.000.000. , , , , ,.,,, . 1, ., 6.000.000. , , 6.000.000,6.

1590. LucyDawidowicz, Thewaragainst the jews...

2, , , , , . 6.000.000 66.100, 5.933.900. , . ,,,.,.

3.300.000 3.000.000 90 253.000 228.000 90/ 240.000 210.000 90 90.000 80.000 89 90.000 75.000 83 70.000 54.000 77 140.000 105.000 75 650.000 450.000 70... 375.000 245.000 65... 1.500.000 900.000 60 65.000 40.000 60 600.000 300.000 50 1.800 900 50 350.000 90.000 26 64.000 14.000 22 40.000 8.000 20() 975.000 107.000 11 8.000 2.000 8.861.800 5.933.900 67

1.56.2I.Kershaw,Thenazidictatorship,.85.

741

1591. Dawidowicz

., , 5.700.000 1.,..Eichmann,,,5.000.000 , 2. , , 4.194.2004.581.2003.5.

1592. .Judaica,,:5.892.780,5.820.9605.818.500., . , , 5.000.000, , , . ,,..7393.662.000.,..:, , . ..; 500.000 , , , 1.000.000 , , , , , ...,2.500.000,,,.,,,6.000.000,2.500.000...3.500.000..,,.

1593. ,

3,5.!,, , , ! .,, , 1Shirer,.1164.2Shirer,.1164.3 Shirer, . 1164. . The Final Solution, p. 489501,

(Shirer,.1382.71).

742

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1 . . Aufbau 30/6/1965, . 12. . :

80.000,.... (13/7/12). , 83 ,(7/3/02)!

2.Harwood,1112.3.S.C.SundayPost11/7/1954,.8.4.Harwood,.22.

743

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1594. ..,.

, , 6.000.000, . , , .

1595. Auschwitz! ,

, , , Auschwitz. ,:.Hoess, , 2.500.000 500.000,3.000.000.,,,1.135.0001. , , 4.000.0002.,. , Auschwitz.Auschwitz 6.000 Hoess 16.0003. 5.400.000, Hoess15.000.000!

1596. ,,.

Auschwitz . 46 , 1944,250300.0004...,,RisieradiSanSabba,.(risiera), . , .. .,,,,.,,3.000,. 3.000. , 1Shirer,.1157.2Shirer,.1157.3Shirer,.1156.4Shirer,.1156.

744

, . , festa 29/1/2002, Risiera, 12.000 !

1597.

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745

1598. ,

. ..

1599. !.. ( !). . ,! , .,,., , 23/11/1997. : , , 67.151. , , ..,56.000,,.., 1.300 2.000 ,..,3.3001.

1600. L.Dawidowicz,

, 54.000, 70.000 (77%).,,, 1979. 50.000. , , : , , 1943, 72.606.:1,..,. ..,1970,.20.

3.300 . : (26 1944), 5. , 56.000,,(...)...(. ,1986,.19,).5!,,,,,,,, , , , , , , ,,,,,,,, ...;(..);(.),.2,1.950;,,....

746

58.860 4.212 800

8.734 ,.. , 10/9/1944,

,293 , 300, 1!.: , . , (....). ....2. . , ..; . : , 3., 56.0003.300=52.700. : 96% , 50.000,..Auschwitz,Birkenau,BergenBelsen,Dachau,Mauthausen..4..: 50.000 ,, , 6, . 1970, .. ( .)5. . :56.000,6,...6.

1601.

(1937:120.0007).194410.000.1958,., 14 ,: 3.500,...1.200 ,,,1....,84.2.,.1981,44,9,..3...44,.9.4J.Hehama,HistoiredesisralitesdeSalonique,Thessalonique1978,tomesVIetVII.795.5(=),..,...1970,.2.6..2.7JudaicaVIII733.

747

. 1950 8.000 1958, 5.209. ,19676.500(2.8001.000 , 1.300450 ... )1.

1602. ! ,

.,:75.000, 2! : 60.000 3!,,111, ( . 20). , ,;!,89.000.

1603. ,,350.000,

90.0004.,,,,.Reitlinger50.000..goim,,,18/6/1975Auschwitz,,, 110.000, 48.000 .48.000!:,Auschwitz70.0005.000.75.721 5. ,80.000, 6. 85.000! , .. .,,,,.,fora , CDJC, ! (Uniongnraledes isralitesdeFranceU.G.I.F.),!1JudaicaVII880.2,.20.3.,.1983,164,.8.4.L.Dawidowicz,.480.5S.Klarsfeld,LememorialdeladeportationdesjuifsdeFrance,B.&S.Klarsfeld,[3],[9].6Klarsfeld,.[3].

748

.,,,,, ,1.....

1604. , 650.000,

450.000 2. , ,, 0. ; 200.000 . 203.000,,,JolBrand10.0003.,,140.0004.,!

1605. . ,

, , , 240.000 ( )5. ,,,.....:., . 1992, .. 34.000. 20.000 10.0006.1938,, Reuter ,,:167.0007., , , ,1938,17.000,8.,!

1Klarsfeld,[3][5].2L.Dawidowicz,.480.3 .AnBiss,Unmillionde juifs sauver, Grasset 1966.Y.Bauer,TheHolocaust inhistoricalperspective,

Univ.ofWashingtonPress,Seattle1978,.94.4.ReportoftheICRC,vol.I.649.5L.Dawidowicz,.480.6.Time6/2/1995,.18,J.Jackson.7.19/6/1938.8I.Kershaw,Thenazidictatorship:problemsandperspectivesofinterpretation,Edw.Arnold1985,.95.

749

1606. .,,.3.500.000,1921,1.,3.200.000,,, ;,..., ..... , , , . 300.000 , , 10 1960,5.000.295.000;2.500.Turka3.2.500.Komarno4.

1607. 140.000,

105.000, 75%5. , ,()105.000. ( , !)246..,,,Koblenz , : 1942: Aussenstelle,SicherheitspolizeiSD,. Amt IV/B IV/B4, . 1942, .., , 15, , 13/9/1944. 93 , 112.000 . 43.000 Sobibor60.000Auschwitz,7.103.000. 9.000 . , , 3.000 8. 112.000 .;,, 14.000 ,,IIIReich9!14.000,,,!1JewishEnc.V274,Europe.2.Time6/2/1995,.16,J.Jackson.3JudaicaXV1456,Turka.4JudaicaX1173,Komarno.5L.Dawidowicz,.480.6Klarsfeld,.[4].7Linklater,.5253.8Linklater,.9Linklater,.

750

1608. ,,65.000,

!40.000125.0002.,;, . : 101940, 90110.000,20.000.510%3,:4.50011.000.

1609. .:,

,. ,,253.000. 228.000, 90%4. , CCJD, 1949, , , 251941, 123.930 , ::80.31130.0254747.620,5.5005.

1610. ,,D.Bergelson

yiddishDieEinheit5/12/1942:,80%,,,,.DerWeg6..,L.Levine,301946,,7.,.,,,,,2.128.000(1.500.000,375.000, 253.000, =2.128.000)8. 1.700.000,.

1611. .,

, , , 600.000, 1L.Dawidowicz,.480.2Klarsfeld,.[4].3JudaicaIV419,Belgium.4L.Dawidowicz,.480.5H.Monneray,LaperscutiondesjuifsdanslespaysdelEst,prsentNuremberg,Ed.duCentre,Paris1949,

.286287.6.Reitlinger,TheFinalSolution,.499.P.VidalNaquet,.55..P.Rassinier,Drame,.125.Harwood,

DidSixMillion...,.6b.7.Harwood,.6b.8L.Dawidowicz,.480

751

300.0001.,,.:,, , , , IonAntonescu ( ,),.1942.Antonescu,2.,Mihai,:PalestineOffice,,,,,3.,....

1612. .90.0004.,:58.000,75%,.,5.

1613. .

,1939,3.020.0006.,,., . 1939, ., 1.220.000 . , 1940,:300.000250.000100.000300.000.950.000. 5.200.000 (3.020.000+1.220.000+950.000=5.190.000, !)7. ,,,,1.500.000950.000.:...,,:, 8. 1.500.000 , 21/10/1946, Judaica 1Dawidowicz,.480.2JudaicaIII163,AntonescuIon.3JudaicaIII164,AntonescuMihai..4Dawidowicz,.480,75.000.5.,..1991,.23.Indpendent11/4/1991,M.Sheridan.6JudaicaVI974,Europe.7JudaicaIVX473474,Rusia.8Green,.202.

752

1. 5.190.000 5.740.000!

1614. ,

, , , ,. , 1939, 9.534.880. 5.740.000,3.794.880.,,, , , 3.500.000 ,,.... ! . ,,.:,,,,,! , ! ;!:19413.000.000,2!,3.000.000,, 1941, . , ,1941. .,,,. ; !:., . : 300400.000, , . .... : 1941,,,,, , . , ., ,3.,1JudaicaVIII910,Holocaust.2JudaicaIVX473474,Rusia.3JudaicaVIII908910,Holocaust.

753

, , . ,.. ;;, Stalin. , ....

1615. .204.,,,,,. , , Berat,Lushnje,Fier,Kavaje.1943..6Shkoder()1.

1616. ,,175.000.

, : ..,109.060 66.260.,,,411.240., 40.000,2. 1941, , 128.500 .,:,30.80024.600 , 28.600 , 9.200 , , 54 39.3003. ,,,,,,.,132.500,.,,,,,: 1945 . .800 ,: ..,(VaadathaHaalah).,,:216Auschwitz1.302There1JudaicaI584,Albania(2007).2JudaicaIII900,Austria.3JudaicaIII900,Austria.

754

sienstadt1. , , , , :50.000,..,1.747 .48.253 ; , : 70.0002,,.

1617. :64.000,14.000,22%3.14.000:,11.392,,4.

1618. .,

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1JudaicaIII901,Austria.2JudaicaIII902,Austria.3Dawidowicz,.480.4OrenN.,Bulgariancommunism:theroadtopower,193444,NewYork1971,.190,,.48.5JudaicaVI974,Europe.6.,..1991,.23,.TheIndependent11/4/1991,M.Sheridan.7Shirer,.1156.8.Time6/2/1995,.18,J.Jackson.9Dawidowicz,.480.10JudaicaVI976,Europe.11Harwood,.15.

755

!1619.

. 6.000.000. , , 6.000.000,1,6,,2.

1620. (..)

. . , . : 4,5 3.30.. Kogon (The theoryandpracticeofhell,p.227) 7.125.000 7.820.000, 4.

1621. ..! Auschwitz,

,.Auschwitz25.280(17.280 8.000 ): , , ,24.0005.,, (19421944) 25.280, 24.000 , 32 18.000.000, 23.000.000 ! Lengyel Judaica, , Auschwitz,: :20.000 6.:19.200.000! Judaica, : 1944 Auschwitz Eichmann ,,101VidalNaquet,.28.26.

.3Shirer1126.4Shirer1150.5OlgaLengyel,Fivechimneys,London1959,.8081..Harwood,.26b.6JudaicaV85Camps.

756

12.0001.,32,10.000.000....!:12.000(32=12.000.000),,,2.,,,,.6.000:Auschwitz 6.000 . , 46,1944,250300.000, 5.4006.300 3! 6.000, ,,, S.S., 6 7.0004.67.000 , , ,5.500.000,325.,,...::(...).1.000156!96.000....96.000.000.

1622. gematria

,, Auschwitz.,,,,Einsteien,, , . , .(.1945),.Auschwitz4.000.000. 7.

1623. 3.000.000,

3.350.R.Hoess,.,,,

1JudaicaVI520,Eichmann.2Green,.450.3Shirer,1151,1156.4Green,.355.5.Harwood,.15.6Green,.463.7.Shirer,.1157.Harwood,.14.

757

,,1947,,1.135.0001.

1624. Hoess.Hoess,

Auschwitz,20/5/194011/11/1943, , , ,Auschwitz16.000,16.000.000 ! Hoess 19472,16.;Hoess,,.,,Hoess,,,2.,,,:,,.,Judaica(19.200.000 10.000.000). , , , ,:Auschwitz1.000.0002.500.0003., 1.750.000, . : Hitler, Auschwitz, 1,5 1.100.000 , , 4.194045,1.100.00090%.5. 990.000. .:1.000.000.1.000.00020.0006.:980.000!!900.000Reitlinger, , (:600.000300.000).,,Auschwitz 750.0007. 900.000635.0008.

1625. :, 900.000,

; ,1Shirer,.1157.2.Harwood,.1718.3JudaicaIII855,Auschwitz.4.Time6/2/1995,.13,N.Morris.5JerusalemPost,25/8/1999,M.Scislowska.6.17/4/1991,.63.7.Shirer,.115758.8..Time2/10/1989,.11.

758

,Auschwitz, . , , 900.000 1,,...900.000.

1626. ,

,Auschwitz,! Reitlinger , 19401945,363.0002!,,,!

1627. ,,

!,,Treblinka,BelzekSobibor,1.500.000,..,1941433.

1628. Treblinka !

Stroop,73(2231942),310.3224,4.500!JuergenStroopS.S., 8/9/1951. : , 300.000.Treblinka,, 310.322 . , , . 1973 For those i loved (.BodleyHead),,MartinGray(1983),MaxGallo, . .,,,,., , 5. ,., , ,,,,1Shirer,.1157.2.Reitlinger,TheS.S.:alibiofanation,.268,Harwood,.20..Shirer,.1158.3,.393.4Shirer,.1160.5P.V.Naquet (Lesassassins...,.193.24)Et la terreserapure

(Fayard 1969),SilvainReiner.,Naquet Reiner.Naquet, Reiner, R. Errera, Mdecin Auschwitz M.Nyiszli!

759

, ! , , . ,,: , Treblinka, , 1.000.000. .. 18.000 ...1. , 18.000,1.000.00056!,,18.000,,,6.480.0002!18.00032,18.000.000!

1629. . Treblinka 3.000.000!V.Grossmann3,,1945,. , 900.000 4. ,,:750.0005!

1630. Sobibor250.0006.1631. Birkenau.,,500

7.500.000,32.1632. Chelmno:

1943 8. 500.000.

1633. Theresienstadt.,,140.000,

, 140.000 , 500. , , 139.500 9. Theresienstadt, , ,

1JewishChronicle30/3/1973.2.Harwood,.20.3.V.Grossmann,LenferdeTreblinka,Arthaud,Grenoble,Paris1945,rd.1966.4VidalNaquet,.28.5.17/4/1991,.64,..6EscapefromSobibor,R.Rashke.7.8/3/1988,.8 dr J. Billig, The launching of the Final Solution, TheHolocaust and the neonazi

mythomania,B.K.F.1978,.53.9.,31/10/1969,.,.11.

760

, 300 , ,1.

1634. Dachau.,

238.000.,1946,Dachau,,,PhilipAuerbach,.:,238.0002.,,.

1635. AuerbachDachau.

238.000.,,,Niemller., Neuhusseler, 1962, Dachau,,200.00038,30.0003.

1636. ..,.

,,: , 4. ,,,. . . ,:,,,35.318,.39.455.

1637. Montluc...:

10.000,,.7.0006.

1638. ghetto

,160.000.RudolfHoess: Treblinka .

1Shirer,.1179.2Harwood,.22.3Harwood,.27.4JudaicaIII902,Austria.5Shirer,431,1150.6Linklater,.125.

761

80.0006..ghetto1.

1639. ,,29

30/9/41 33.771 , Linsatz2. , Koen Levy, HermannGraebe,,,5/10/41Einsatz ,5.0003.

1640. Heydrich, ...

,. , . , 3.000 Theresienstadt , ;4.Heydrich, Goebbels500 , (on thedayofHeydrichsdeath)1525.

1641. .3.152,

. Heydrich.....

1642. 12 .., .

30.,,,1944,2.8006.

1643. ...

, ..,,.:,,,....,,. : ,

1Shirer,1152.2Shirer1143.3Shirer1143.4Shirer117879.5Shirer1179.6,.262.

762

()()1.

1L.Rees,:,..,.,2006,.132.

763

..1644. ,

, ( ghettos), ( ). , , . ,,.!

1645. ,

..,, , ., , Himmler . , 250.000 , ( 150.000)1. , , , 500.000:500.000,50.000.50.000;!,:Himmler2!

1646. ghetto Dubossary, ,

1941, 18.000 . ghetto, 1941, 6.000 : 1944,,3.,Dubossary24.000 !, ,,,;,1926,3.630,81%4....

1647. ,

, 800.000! , , 12/10/1941, 20.000 , .,,.1.800, , . 1JudaicaV8889,Camps.2Green,.374.3,.265266.4JudaicaVI257,Dubossary.

764

!,,3.000,,1.

1648. ..,,

!229.052 41.000 136.421, 55.000, 16.200, . 516 2. , 1.5003.479.689.

1649. !

32.000,10.000,27.0004. ....:80.000 60.000 S.S.5.,,,6.

1650.

! 56.000 7! Sambor 1.500 ,Turka,Lvov8.

1651. ..!

..,,,.,40.000,(160.000)9!

1652. (=

). , 33.000 ! 33.771! , .,,:,100.000,30 3,5 10. , 1,347348,335.2Shirer,1145,1158.3,.270.4Green,.227.5Green,.235...6Green,.253.7Shirer,.1163.8JudaicaXV1456,Turka.9Green,.454455.10Green,291,224,271.

765

100.000 , , :100.000, . 100.000 ; , . ,,150250.0001.,,100.000250.000.,, . .. , , 1988, 35.000,2.!

1653. ,

,.,,, . , !:115,,,793!100.000;,. , , , 4(!).,, , , 5. AribertF.Heim(:TarekF.Hussein),Mauthausen,.,Mossad.1992, 500.000,,,;

1654. ,

,, . ., 30 35 , .,,!,30.0006.11,24/11/1989.2TACC,25/9/1988.3Shirer,.1167.4,.152.5,.289290.6,376,386387,388,396.

766

1655.

.,27.000,1938Hitler,, 680 , 1. , 3112672.1.558.

1656. , ,

.,, .: 50 , . Halder3.,,, , ! 1.000.

1657. ,

.,204!,,, , Heydrich, 29/5/1942, ,! 152 , 5! , .....50.000.

1658. , . , 269 ,,6.,Sturma,, . 10.0002.000.

1JudaicaIII899,Austria.2.3Shirer,.793.4..5Shirer,.1179.6,1988,.101,.8,..

767

1659. ,

,.,. : ,Eichmann,Globocnik,KaltenbrunnerHitler1.

1660. Goebbels,152

2., . , .., 198 3. 2604.610.

1661. MauricePapon, Gironde, JeanLeguay,

Vichy,:1.69012.000Bordeaux,5.ErichKoch,,160.000..6.IonAntonesku,,2530.000,19417.

1662. Otto Bradfisch, . ,Einsatzkommando8EinsatzgruppeB.19.000.

1663. (Alexander Belev), , . , .,,,8,.20.000,1943.

1664. , ,

,33.0009.,Himmler,1JudaicaIII902,Austria.2Green,.225.3.Newsweek27/10/1958.4,.178.5.Time5/6/1989,.23.6.Time23/3/1959.7JudaicaIII163,Antonescu.8JudaicaIII279,Belev.(2007).9Green,.291.

768

,,,45.000 1. Victor Brack, Fhrer, , 70.000 2., ,80.000 3.OttoOhlendorf,90.000,4.

1665. , ,,,100.000(120.000)5.,200.000,, 6.,200.0007.,,700.0008.Globocnic,2.000.0009.

1666. Eichmann, , ,6.000.000,,1945:6.000.00010.5.900.000.

1667. ,

,,..

1668. , , 1991

1992. , , 7 , 66511.

1669. ..,,12.,S.S.,

1Green,.271.2Kershaw,.98.384,353..34982.000.4Green,.445.5.387.6.3/2/1984,.23.7,.337.8,.351.9dr.J.Billig,.53.10,.148.Green,.437.Monneray,.99100....5.000.000.11.19/5/1992.12.17/5/1989,..

769

1.S.S.,2.3.,,4.,..,1942435.:30.000(29/12/1999).50.000;

1670. Einsatzgruppen(=).4(A,B,C,D), Himmler Heydrich, Gestapo S.D. ( ). , , , !Einsatzgruppen,4Einsatzgruppen6.

1671. ,,,,, , !, Ohlendorf, Einsatzgruppe D, Wisliceny Hoettle, Einsatzguppen2.000.000. KarlEichmann, 2.000.000,,,Einsatzgruppen7. ! , , , ... 2.200.000 8. , , Einsatzgruppen, 2.200.000 maximum. ,,,.:,, 3.000 Einsatzgruppen, 1.400.000 9 Einsatzgruppen 10. , 1,.327.2,.328329.3,.329.4,.333.5.29/9/1986.6Reitlinger,TheFinalSolution,.499.7Shirer,.1145.8.H.KrausnickH.Wilhelm,I.Kershaw,.101,.78.9.,,Purnell,20,1975,..1904.10.,..1991,.23,Independent11/4/1991,M.Sheridan.

770

: Einsatzgruppen (...). , , , , , ,...1.:,,Einsatzgruppen, ;,, . 2., , 125.000 !

1672. Einsatzgruppen:,.Hitler,Keitel(1941),.Einsatzgruppen.,(1941),3.

1673. Einsatzgruppen 2.200.000 , . GroupA, FranzStahlecker,, 31/1/1942,229.0521942, Group 363.211 23/3/1943, 633.300 . dr Richard Korherr, Himmler4. Group,D:90.0005., , 15/10/1941, 121.817 , 3.387 6. 1.434.000. , , ! 2.200.000 23/3/1943, . 2.200.000Einsatzgruppen1B.Quarrie,Hitlerssamurai:theWaffenSS inaction,.,PatrickStephens,Wellingborough1986,.100

101.2Shirer,.1146.3Harwood,.11.4Reitlinger,TheFinalSolution,.500,Shirer,.1145.5Shirer,.1145.6Shirer,.1146.

771

,,.

1674. ,Einsatzgruppen, Einsatzkommandos, , .Einsatzkommando 1.000.000,1.

1675. ,!,., , !Ohlendorf,Wisliceny,Hoettl; , . Ohlendorf,,Einsatzgruppen,2.Reg.Paget,,Manstein,.Paget,, Manstein: his campaigns andhis trial,London 1951. Paget 1.000%. 100.000 , , 3!

1676. , ! , (),1941,... , 4.,3.000.0005!

1JudaicaV81,Camps.2.Harwood,.1112.3.Harwood,.12.4,.321.5JudaicaXIV473474,Rusia.

772

1677. , ,,:.,.

1678. Minimum MaximumAuschwitz 9.000.000 23.000.000Treblinka 750.000 20.000.000Sobibor 250.000 250.000Birkenau 500.000;Chelmno 500.000 500.000Theresienstadt 139.000 139.500Dachau 238.000Mauthausen 500.000 2.800 2.800.., 500.000Dubossary(ghetto) 24.000 800.000 ; 479.689(ghetto) 32.000 60.000 10.000 10.000 27.000 27.000(ghetto) 56.000(..) 160.000 250.000 100.000 1.000 50.000 2.000 47.649.489

1679.

Minimum Maximum

Goebbels 152 198 260MauricePapon 1.690

773

JeanLeguay 12.000 16.000 19.000Al.Belev 20.000IonAntonescu 25.000 30.000 30.000 45.000VictorBrack 70.000 80.000OttoOhlendorf 90.000 100.000 120.000 200.000 200.000 700.000Globocnic 2.000.000Eichmann 5.900.000 6.000.000,,,,,..

50.000Einsatzgruppen 1.400.000 2.200.000Einsatzkommandos 1.000.000 3.000.000

15.884.290

.,.

1680. , ,

,47.649.489!,,,,16.000.000.maximum.minimum,!

1681. ,,,.: 3.500 .. ..1., , ..,, .. . ..2060.000., ,

1.,1980,135,.6.

774

, 3.500 .

1682. ,,

,;!,,.,..,, Einsatzgruppen , Einsatzkommandosghettos,.

1683.

;40.000.000! , KurtGerstein, ,40.000.000!,25.000.000!,, 1945, , 6.000.0001!,Gerstein, ,Lemkin, 6.000.000,Axis rule in occupied Europe ( ). ,,1943,,,1945,,,2. Lemkin ...

1684. 6.000.000,

Gerstein Lemkin .,, 6.000.000,,.,,WilhelmDibelius,Gerstein3.

1685. 6.000.000 ,

,.

1.Harwood,.7.2.Harwood,.7.3.Harwood,.7.

775

1686. Kogon,Buchenwald (!), 7.125.000 1. WilliamShirer.

1687. drM.Perlzweig, ,

,1948: 7.000.000 ,2.,,!

1688. , , :

6.200.000203.

1689. 6.000.000.

, .WilhelmHoettle ,22/11/1945,Eichmann, 1944, , 4.000.0002.000.000,4.,,13,810.000.000!

1690. JudaicaEichmann:

, , 4.000.000 2.000.0005.

1691. ,,

(, ) , . , .,.:,,,,,,,5/6.1.Kogon,Thetheoryandpracticeofhell,.227.2Harwood,.7.3,.11.4H.Monneray,LaperscutiondesjuifsdanslespaysdelEst,prsentaNureberg,Ed.duCentre,Paris1949,

.100101.5JudaicaV90,Camps.

776

,,,!,, , 6.000.000. :,6.000.000,; 100.000 , 2 ,...1!

1692.

6.000.000. Shirer 56.000.000 2. JacobLestchinsky, , ,:5.978.0003., , L. Poliakof, : 5.300.000 , , 4. , R.Hilberg, 5.100.000 5.,.:,Hitler,8.300.000.450.000,.5.000.000 . , .... 265.000,196019806.BertrandRussel,goim,,, . , ,. 5.000.0007.

1693. DrR.Korherr ,

, .,,!

1Shirer,.1146.2Shirer,.1164.3J.Lestchinsky,Congrsjuifmondial,1946,.20.4L.Poliakof,Sixmillionsevidences,Nov.1951,No21,.10.5R.Hilberg,ThedescructionoftheEuropeanjews,Allen,London1961,.767.6.Time6/2/1995,.15,J.Jackson.7B.Russel,Thescourgeoftheswastika,London1954.

777

,.,,4.805.518,1!

1694. ,Reitlinger,4.194.200

4.581.200(,,)2.1/3, 2.796.0003.054,3.

1695. .

,, Worldcentreofcontemporary jewishdocumentation,, , , , .., 1.485.2924.,6.000.000!,, (,,. , ),, . , , 6.000.000,, ...., RaulHilberg,896.8925.

1.G.Wellers,ReplytotheneonazifalsificationofhistoricalfactsconserningtheHolocaust(

TheHolocaustandtheneonazimythomania,1978,.161.2G.Reitlinger,TheFinalSolution,Shirer,.1164.3Harwood,.7.4Harwood,.28.5Harwood,.28b.

778

1696. ,,.,,6.000.000. ., , , ,. , , ,.,, . ! ,, ,0.,,.

1697. BaselerNachrichten, , Wiehoch istdieZahlder judischenOpper? (= ;),131946,maximum,,,,1.500.0001.

1698. ,,(DieTat),19/1/1955, , .: , ,,,.., 193945, 300.0002. , ,,!

1699. , ,...,..,,,6.000.000,200.0003.

1700. ,,,,...,,,,, 28.162! ,

1.Harwood,.5.2Harwood,.28.3Th.Christophersen,LemensongedAuschwitz,.15,VidalNaquet,.36.

779

1.,20,,,2.

1701. ! , , 28.000, , . .,,. ,!6.000.000,0.PaulRassinier,,Le drame... (. 212), 1.000.000 Faurisson. RichardHarwood 800.000. ,.CohnBendit, , , ,,,: , RassinierFaurisson3.,, PaulHilberg,Rassinier,890.0004!6.000.000,Eichmann,, . David Irving, .., , 5. 6.000.000,,.

1Faurisson,ReponsePierreVidalNaquet,.,LaVeiilleTaupe,Paris1982,.49.2.BulletinduComitdhistoiredelaDeuximeGuerreMondiale,Nos205(1973),206(

1973), 208 ( 1973) 212 ( 1974), VidalNaquet,.194,.29.

3.Liberation5/3/1979,VidalNaquet,.192.14.4.Harwood,.26.5.TheSundayTimes19/3/00,P.Millar.

780

1702. , .., . . ,.,.,,1.500.000. , : ..., 4.500.000 .,.

1703. . , : 1900:55.00011922:83.8001931:174.6001939:449.500,19511.404.4042.,8,1922,1951,530.000.,,,,1943.,Himmler,,353.000,15%3. , , , ,, 353.000 . , , ,,,.....,;,.Gourion.1940, , 1946, , 700.000,,300.0004.,,.19551.781.000,1.583.0005.1964 2.525.000, 2.239.200 6. 1981 3,5 ,12,7%7.1.15/5/1929,.26.2JudaicaV1502DemographyVIII721733,History.3Billig,.17.4.,,AlvinRedmanHellas,1966,.65.5,.,1956,,.27.6:,...,1966,.33.7.,,......1981,.440.

781

1704. ..;

.,., , , .:3/4 1. , , 3.802.0002, 3/4, 2.850.000, ! ,6.000.000.

1705. ,, . , : ...,19391948,2.500.000.

1706. ...:( 1900), 586.948 ( 1922 615.000, JewishEnc.)235.000 (1922295.000)103.988 (1909106.409)86.885 (1922165.000,JewishEnc.)3.,;!,(,,,),1900,3.872.625,1920,2.915.9804.

1707. , ...5. , pogroms 1882,2.000.000...,19206.,pogroms . .1.,1980,135,.5.2.,.1979,127,.6:,

5740(1980)3.802.000.3Arberry,.32.JewishEnc.V274,Europe.4...5Arberry,.32.6LeeLevinger,AhistoryofthejewsintheUnitedStates,Cincinnati1932,p.265.

782

1708. ,...,,

buffalo (), .,,1928,4.200.000,...,3.500.000,,1., : ...,1927.118.000.000, 4.228.000 , 3,58%. 1.765.000,325.000...2.,1928,...,,, ,1928, ()....,. .CocaColla,bluejeansmcdonalds,,;

1709. 1947...5.000.0003,1964...5.500.0004..1968, ..., 5.721.000 2.687.680 5.19705.750.000: 13.000.000,5.750.000..., 6. , 1978, 5.775.935,7.

1710. ., , ,.! ,, , ,!:1Arberry,.,OscarVanowsky(ed.),TheAmericanjewareappraisal,Philadelphia1964,p.

29.2.30/4/1929,.2526/9/1928,.18.3.JudaicaV1501,Demography.4Arberry,.39.5R.John,.345.6JudaicaVI430,Education.7..24/2/1978.

783

, 1/31939,1/219481. ,,,,.

1711. .,BenGourion9.000.000. : , 5.600.000 ( 1963), 9.000.0002., .9.000.000,Gourion, , , , .

1712. .... ..., . , , ..,,,,shalom.. 3: John Smith, Joan Helen....,,...,,4.

1713. , . , HenryKissinger, ,AvrahambenElazaro. , CabinetDepartmentheads,WhiteHouseStaff,ExecutiveAgenciesDepartments,.

1JudaicaV1498,Demography.2.DeutscheWochenzeitung23/11/1963,.Harwood,.528.3Higham,.69.4.Harwood,.7.

784

1714. ...,,,,,.,... 7.000. , 13.000. ,.,...,, 30 , .,AmericanfederationofjewsfromCentralEurope...,.

1715. ,.,,. , ., .

1716. : . , , 2.500.000 1. !1959,3.000.000,2.267.800,:1.900.000410.0002,2.310.000,2.267.800.,,....

1717. ,9.500,1930,1.000630,500,1.250,2503.

1718. ,.: 1901 50.000 1921 73.967 1941 120.0001955,140.000.1968,180.000.,3.0004!..., 196250.0005. ,.1JudaicaVI430,Education.2JudaicaV1499,1503,1510.3,,,1987,.24.4JudaicaII617618,Algeria.5JudaicaII757,Alsace.

785

, .. , :,,3.000..,.,,19431.,,,, ().,1957582.50019682.850,2..,,3.500.194112.000.,1947,2.27119691.6023..1941..Aumala (221),Bougie (625),Laghouat (443),Mascara (1.958),Nedroma(560),SoukAhras(750),Tiaret(2.000),Tlemcen(5.000).,25.00030.0004.

1719. ,,.,,:Belford,,245,700(455)5.Baden,3.125,8.725,,500,6.

1720. . ...4.500.0001.500.000 . , , , .,.

1721. ,. 1.JudaicaIII818,Athens.VII880,,.20.:

,2.000.

2Judaica,.3JudaicaIV427.JewishEncycl.XI206.4.JudaicaII617618,Algeria.5JudaicaIV415,Belford.6JudaicaIV61,Baden.

786

,,, , .. 3 ., , .

1722. . 26% (.. ), 99% (.. ) 3.000, 1939, 4.930, 1945 64%1. : ,2,..,2.0003.

1723. .,,.,, . 1927, ,13,5,81.454 . ,120.000.1945 76.965 1955 40.345 . ; ... 37.000,,194819704.,..,., .1927, 1965:Edirne (): 6.098 1927, 120 1965 ( 98,03%)Gallipoli ():7361927,2001965(72,83%)Gaziantep7421927,01965(100%).,:Ankara():6631927,3.2001965(382,65%)Istanbul():30.0001927,47.000 1965 ( 56,67%) Izmir (): 4.000 1927, 17.000 1965 (325%)5!

1724. .,, . 1,.,1979,.2.2N.Stavroulakis,Er.Sevillias,AthensAuschwitz,LycabettusPress,Athens1983,.XIX.3,..,...1970,.20.4JudaicaXV145960,Turkey.5JudaicaXV145960,Turkey.

787

1880, . 65.000.1914300.0001.

1725. , , ..

1JudaicaVI758,England.