The Peak in Performance LPS

ggggLine Protection System

MULTILINMULTILINMULTILINMULTILINLPS

• Distance based line protection

• 3/4-1 cycle operating times

• 64 samples per cycle

The Peak in PerformanceThe Peak in Performance



Protection Features

•Application on any voltage line

•Single and three phase tripping

•Four zones of phase & ground distance

functions

•Pilot ground directional overcurrent

•Selectable pilot scheme logic

•Optional Recloser

•Optional Sync Check



Protection Features

•Step distance backup

•Overcurrent backup

•Line pickup

•Remote-open detector

•Programmable Input/Output

•Programmable user defined logic



Protection Algorithm Advancements

•New Fourier calculation approach

- Fourier built from phaselets

- Fourier data purged by Fault Detector pickup



Modified Fourier Calculation

• High Speed Sampling

• Digital Mimic

• Phaselet Calculation

• Variable Window



High Speed Sampling

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40

PHSLT

# 4

16

SAMPLES

PHSLT

# 8

32

SAMPLES

EXECUTE

PHASLET

CALCULATION

AND PROTECTION

ALGORITHMS

PHSLT

# 1PHSLT

# 2

PHSLT

# 3

PHSLT

# 5

PHSLT

# 6

PHSLT

# 7

PHSLT

# 9

PHSLT

# 10



Mimic Algorithm

• Time Domain:

• Sampled Data:

IZ t I t Rd

dtI t L( ) ( ) ( ( ))= • + •

IZ kI k I k

RI k I k

L( )( ( ) ( )) ( ( ) ( ))− = + + • + + − •δ δ δ

δ2 2



Phaselet Definition

• Phaselets are partial sums of the productsof the waveform samples and thesine/cosine coefficients.

• Input signals are sampled 64 times percycle; protection algorithms are executed16 times per cycle.

• Groups of phaselets may be scaled andadded together to create a phasor.



Phaselet Calculation

Phaselet al C X

Phaselet aginary S X

Where

p kk p P P

p P

k

pk p P P

p P

k k

Re

Im

:

= ∑ ⋅

= −∑ ⋅

= ⋅ − +

⋅

= ⋅ − +

⋅1

1

N = Number of samples per cycle

p = phaselet index: there are N / P phaselets per cycle

P = the number of samples per phaselet

X = kth sample of the input signalk



Phasor Calculation

Phasor al

Phasor aginary

T nW T n W

T n W T n W

PhaseletSum al

PhaseletSum aginary

n

n

RR RI

IR II

n

n

Re

Im

( , ) ( , )

( , ) ( , )

Re

Im

=

•

Phaselets are converted to phasors by the following:

Where:

PhaseletSum al Phaselet aln p

p nW

P

n

Re Re== − +

∑1

PhaseletSum aginary Phaselet aginaryn p

p nW

P

n

Im Im= ∑= − +1

n = Phasor index (N/P) W = Window size in samples



For a one cycle window, the Fourier calculation becomes:

Phaso r alN

Phase le t a l

Ph aso r ag in aryN

Phase le t ag in ary

n p

p nN

P

n

n p

p nN

P

n

R e R e

Im Im

= ⋅ ∑

= ⋅ ∑

= − +

= − +

2

2

1

1

Phasor Calculation



Variable Window

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40

WINDOW

SIZE1/2

CYCLE

WINDOW1/4

CYCLE

WINDOW

PHSLT

# 4

16

SAMPLES

PHSLT

# 8

32

SAMPLES



Variable Window Fourier Transform

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0 64 128 192 256 320

PRE-FAULT

ONE CYCLE

WINDOW

VARIABLE WINDOW



MPS Test ResultsZone 1 Trip Times

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 25 50 75

% of Line

Tim

e (mS)



Impedance Measurement

• 4 Zones of phase and ground mhodistance functions

• Zone 4 is reversible

• Zone 1 ground may be either a mho orreactance characteristic with adaptivemho supervision

• Zones 2, 3 & 4 include independent phaseand ground timers for step distancebackup

R

X



Overcurrent Functions

• Fault Detector (FD)

• Distance function supervision (IT, IB)

• Phase & ground instantaneous units (50, 50G)

• Ground time overcurrent (51G)

• Instantaneous & TOC may be directionallycontrolled.

• Unbalanced current alarm (CT intergrity)

• Overload alarm (2 level)



Directional Functions

• Forward and reverse negative sequencedirectional functions with adjustablecompensation (NT, NB)

• Use in ground directional overcurrentprotection (IPT, IPB)

• Supervise instantaneous & time overcurrentfunctions



Voltage Functions

• Positive sequence undervoltage detector

• 3 fixed pickup undervoltage detectors

• 3 single phase over/undervoltage detectors

• Potential fuse failure detection logic



Pilot Schemes

• Blocking

• PUTT

• POTT1 - Standard permissive overreaching• POTT2 - POTT with blocking functions toimprove transient blocking performance

• Hybrid - Includes Echo/Repeat logic and optionalweak infeed tripping

• Step Distance backup is included in all schemes

• Programmable logic



Other Protection Features

• 4 Setting Groups

• Line Pickup Logic

• Remote Open Detection for faster clearingof unbalanced faults

• Continuous Monitor

• PT Fuse Failure Detection



Optional Recloser

• Features:– Up to 4 Shot Attempts

– Internal, External, Both Recloser Control

– 1 Pole or 3 Pole Operation Mode

• Inputs: Outputs:– 52/b Status - Close

– 1or 3 Pole Initiate - Reclose in Progress

– Hold/Pause - Three Pole Trip Enable

– Reclose Cancel - Lockout

– Lockout

– Reset



Optional Synchronism Check

• Features:– Sync Check and/or Voltage Supervison

– Va, Vb, Vc, Vab, Vbc or Vca

– Voltage Supervison Options

• Live Bus Dead Line

• Dead Bus Live Line

• Dead Bus Dead Line

• Closing Delta Voltage between Line & Bus

• Closing Voltage Angle & Frequency



Monitoring Features

•Fault location calculation

•Event reporting

•Oscillography data capture

•Circuit breaker trip coil monitor

•Accumulated breaker duty

•Relay self test



Metering Features

• Local metering on LCD display

• Remote metering via communications

• True RMS calculation

• Current: Ia, Ib, Ic, and 3I0

• Voltage: Vag, Vbg, Vcg

• Frequency

• Three phase watts and vars



RMS Metering Values

• Compute RMS by taking the average ofsquares of each sample data

• RMS values are computed 16 times per cyclebased on a sliding window of one cycle

• Local Interface display of values is updatedonce every 4 seconds

• PC Interface display of values is updated onceevery 1 to 30 seconds (user selectable)



Communications Features

•Protocols•ASCII and GE-modem protocols standard•Plug-in communications protocol converter

•Communication ports•Front nine pin RS232 port•Rear 25 pin RS232 or 4 pin PhoenixRS485•Optional second rear 25 pin RS232/RS485

•All ports independently settable•Select ASCII or GE-Modem•Rear ports can be RS232 or RS485



Programmable Logic Summary

• Maximum of 40 logic gates (AND, OR, NOT)

- Maximum of 4 inputs per gate

• Maximum of 8 programmable timers- Choice of Pickup/Dropout timer or Fixed Time Delay

- Timers include fast reset

- Pickup/dropout range of 0 to 60 seconds in 1ms steps

• Maximum of 8 counters and latches

• Fully assignable I/O



Programmable Logic, Inputs, and Outputs

PROGRAMMABLE

INPUTS

PROGRAMMABLE

LOGIC

MEASURING

FUNCTIONS

PROGRAMMABLE

OUTPUTS

SCHEME

LOGIC



Xpression Builder

User defines logic which program then builds into Boolean expression for downloading to LPS



Examples of Special Logic

• Single breaker recloser

• Breaker failure

• Multi-phase fault indication



Local Interface

• Multi-line 20 character LCD display for

- Targeting: faulted phases, trip type, fault location

- Settings

- Metering data

• 2 LEDs

- System status

- Unacknowledged trip data

• Full keypad standard



Password Protection

REMOTE KEYPAD

VIEW NONE or

SETTING SETTING

CONTROL CONTROL

MASTER MASTER



ASCII Command List ( 1 of 2 )

• LOGIN

• QUIT

• PASSWORD

• VALUES

• READINGS

• FAULT

• EVENTS

• OPEN

• CLOSE

• ENOUT

• DISOUT

• STATUS

• SHOWSET

• SET

• MODEL

• DATE



ASCII Command List ( 2 of 2 )

• TIME

• GROUP

• TRIGGER

• RELTEST

• MMIPASS

• UNITID

• STLINID

• DIGTST

• REQTOC

• PLAYBACK

• DATARESET

• OUTPUTS

• INPUTS

• ACCESS

• END

• HELP



Oscillography Data

• 64 samples per cycle data including:

- Currents & voltages

- Contact input & output status

- Internal sequence of events

• Flexible triggering & event storage

- 6 events at 72 cycles to 36 events at 12 cycles

• Files may be stored in COMTRADE format



Oscillography Data Playback

• Replay oscillography data from relay or PC

• ALPS data format

• Data run through protection algorithms & logic

• Allows testing of relay without test set



Support Software• ALPS-LINK:

- Windows based communications using GE-Modem

• ALPS-SET:

- Windows based settings calculations and file creation

• ALPS-TEST:

- Windows based test quantity calculation

• Xpression Builder:

- Windows based programmable logic design

• GE-DATA:

- DOS based Oscillography data analysis program• GE-OSC:

- Windows based Oscillography data analysis program



Upgrade Features

• Flash memory

- Upgrade without changing relay hardware

• Plug-in communications module

- Upgrade to future communications protocols

• High speed data bus access

- Future peer-to-peer communications



I/O Summary

• Inputs:

- Current: Ia, Ib, Ic- Voltage: Vag, Vbg, Vcg

• Digital Inputs:- 12 programmable inputs

• Demodulated IRIG-B



I/O Summary• Outputs:

- 24 programmable contacts

- 2 alarm contacts

Power Supply

Critical Failure

- Analog distance to fault plus faulted

phase identification for SCADA



Packaging

• Vertical or horizontal mounting

• 3RU 19 inch rack mount

• 5.25 X 17.25 vertical mount- Fits the cutout of EM distance relays

• Reversible mounting flanges

• Flexible projection mounting

• All boards removable from the front



Packaging

Digital Outputs / Power SupplyBoard

Bus Card

960 CPU Board

MagneticsSerial EPROM

Connector

Front Panel Connectors

MagneticsModuleDSP / ANI Board

Digital Inputs / ScadaBoard

Option Switch



Contact Ratings

• Trip- Trip Duty: 30 A for 1 second- Continuous Duty: 6 A- Pickup Time: < 4 ms

• Alarm- Make & Carry: 30 A for 1 second- Continuous Duty: 6 A- Pickup Time: < 8 ms

• Channel Control- Power Rating: 10 W- Pickup Time: < 0.5 ms



AC Ratings

• Current Inputs (Nominal 1 or 5A):

3 X rated continuous

100 X rated for one second

50 X rated for 3 seconds

• Voltage Inputs:

Nominal Voltage: 100 - 120 (Settable)

1.2 X rated continuous

3.5 X rated for one minute, once per hour



DC Ratings

• Three models

48 VDC (38.5 - 60.0)

110/125 VDC (88 - 150)

220/250 VDC (176 - 300)



Summary of LPS Features

• Extensive Programmable Logic and I/O

• Out of Step Tripping with Oscillography

• Flexible Communications (ASCII Included)

• Playback

• Built-In Upgradeability - Plug in Communication Card

- Flash Memory



LPS Selection Guide

EXAMPLE: LPS-DA35U122VE0N = LPS Digital Line Protection Distance Relay, Revision A, three phase tripping

relay, rated at 5 amperes, without series capacitor protection, 110/125 VDC power supply, contact trip outputs,

2 communication ports, vertical mounting, extended memory, and no options

LPS -

D Distance Relay

A Revision Level

1 Single phase tripping logic

3 Three phase tripping logic

1 1 Ampere rated current

5 5 Ampere rated current

U For applications without Series Capacitors

0 48 VDC battery voltage

1 110/125 VDC battery voltage

2 220/250 VDC battery voltage

1 SCR trip outputs & contact channel interface

2 Contact trip outputs & contact channel interface

3 SCR trip outputs & 5V/20mA channel interface

4 Contact trip outputs & 5V/20mA channel interface

2 Front RS232 com port & 1 settable RS232/RS485 rear port (GE-Modem/ASCII)

3 Front RS232 com port & 2 settable RS232/RS485 rear ports (GE-Modem/ASCII)

H Horizontal mounting

V Vertical mounting

E Extended Oscillography Memory

* * * * * * * * * * 0 N

N No Recloser

R Recloser w/o Sync Check

S Recloser with Sync Check

The Peak in Performance LPS

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