The MAJORANA Project a status report

The MAJORANA Project��a status report

Steve Elliott

Outline

NDM 2015 Steve Elliott 2

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BCD!

Underground Laboratory

Shield

Monoliths

Strings Detectors

Small Parts

Background

ββScience

0.23%

0.29%

0.63%

0.38%

0.60%

0.07%

0.39%

0.07%

0.09%

0.10%

0.05%

0.21%

0.17%

0.13%

0.03%

<0.01%

0% 0.1% 0.2% 0.3% 0.4% 0.5% 0.6% 0.7% 0.8% 0.9% 1%

Electroformed%Cu%

OFHC%Cu%Shielding%

Pb%shielding%

Cables%/%Connectors%

Front%Ends%

Ge%(U/Th)%

PlasLcs%+%other%

GeN68,%CoN60%(enrGe)%

CoN60%(Cu)%

External%γ,%(α,n)%

Rn,%surface%α%

Ge,%Cu,%Pb%(n,%n'γ)%

Ge(n,n)%

Ge(n,γ)%

direct%μ%+%other%

ν%backgrounds%

Background+Rate+(c/ROI3t3y)+

Electroformed%Cu%




ν%backgrounds%

Natural%RadioacLvity%Cosmogenic%AcLvaLon%External,%Environmental%μNinduced%neutrinos%

Total:%3.5%c/ROINtNy%

Normal

Inverted

Even a null result will constrain the possible mass spectrum possibilities!

A mββ limit of ~15 meV would disfavor Majorana neutrinos in an inverted hierarchy.

ββ Sensitivity (mixing parameters from arXiv:1106.6028)

NDM 2015 Steve Elliott

50 meVOr ~ 1027 yr

3

θ12 = 33.58 δ

θ13 = 8.33 δ

Sensitivity, Background and Exposure

Exposure [ton-years]3−10 2−10 1−10 1 10 210 310

90%

Sen

sitiv

ity [y

ears

]1/

2G

e T

76

2410

2510

2610

2710

2810

2910

3010

Background free0.1 counts/ROI/t/y1.0 count/ROI/t/y10.0 counts/ROI/t/y

:ββIH minimum mQRPASMIBM-2EDF


Fig: Courtesy J. Detwiler

Discovery, Background and Exposure


Exposure [ton-years]3−10 2−10 1−10 1 10 210 310

DL

[yea

rs]

σ 3

1/2

Ge

T76

2410

2510

2610

2710

2810

2910

3010

Background free0.1 counts/ROI/t/y1.0 count/ROI/t/y10.0 counts/ROI/t/y

:ββIH minimum mQRPASMIBM-2EDF

Fig: Courtesy J. Detwiler

NSAC Subcommittee (highlights added) The Subcommittee recommends the following guidelines be used in the development and consideration of future proposals for the next generation experiments: 1.) Discovery potential: Favor approaches that have a credible path toward reaching 3σ sensitivity to the effective Majorana neutrino mass parameter mββ=15 meV within 10 years of counting, assuming the lower matrix element values among viable nuclear structure model calculations. 2.) Staging: Given the risks and level of resources required, support for one or more intermediate stages along the maximum discovery potential path may be the optimal approach. 3.) Standard of proof: Each next-generation experiment worldwide must be capable of providing, on its own, compelling evidence of the validity of a possible non-null signal. 4.) Continuing R&D: The demands on background reduction are so stringent that modest scope demonstration projects for promising new approaches to background suppression or sensitivity enhancement should be pursued with high priority, in parallel with or in combination with ongoing NLDBD searches. 5.) International Collaboration: Given the desirability of establishing a signal in multiple isotopes and the likely cost of these experiments, it is important to coordinate with other countries and funding agencies to develop an international approach. 6.) Timeliness: It is desirable to push for results from at least the first stage of a next-generation effort on time scales competitive with other international double beta decay efforts and with independent experiments aiming to pin down the neutrino mass hierarchy.


•  Located underground at 4850’ Sanford Underground Research Facility •  Background Goal in the 0νββ peak region of interest (4 keV at 2039 keV)

3 counts/ROI/t/y (after analysis cuts) Assay U.L. currently ≤ 3.5 scales to 1 count/ROI/t/y for a tonne experiment

•  44-kg of Ge detectors – 29 kg of 87% enriched 76Ge crystals – 15 kg of natGe – Detector Technology: P-type, point-contact.

•  2 independent cryostats – ultra-clean, electroformed Cu – 20 kg of detectors per cryostat – naturally scalable

•  Compact Shield –  low-background passive Cu and Pb

shield with active muon veto

The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR Funded by DOE Office of Nuclear Physics and NSF Particle Astrophysics, with additional contributions from international collaborators.

Goals: - Demonstrate backgrounds low enough to justify building a tonne scale experiment. - Establish feasibility to construct & field modular arrays of Ge detectors. - Searches for additional physics beyond the standard model.


MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR Implementation Three Steps Prototype cryostat: 7.0 kg (10) natGe

Same design as Modules 1 and 2, but fabricated using OFHC Cu Components

Module 1: 16.8 kg (20) enrGe

5.7 kg (9) natGe Module 2: 12.6 kg (14) enrGe

9.4 kg (15) natGe


June 2014 May 2015 End 2015

Underground Laboratory


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Apparatus Overview


The Shield


Veto + borated poly + poly

Note keyed structure of shield

• Pb shield constructed • Outer Cu shield layer installed • Rn exclusion box installed • Poly layers being installed • Hovair in-use underground • Most veto panels operational • Calibration system demonstrated

The Shield


Note keyed structure of shield

Veto + borated poly + poly

• Pb shield constructed • Outer Cu shield layer installed • Rn exclusion box installed • Poly layers being installed • Hovair in-use underground • Most veto panels operational • Calibration system demonstrated

Blank Monolith, when running only one cryostat of detectors


Shield Details


Modules


A Module is: •  Cryostat •  thermosyphon, •  Vacuum •  Shield Section •  All resting on a

movable bearing table

Modules


Modules

NDM 2015 Steve Elliott Cryostat hoop weld

17

PM in glove box

• Prototype cryostat operating, over 140 d live. • Thermosyphon, vacuum system operating. • Pictured cryostat with enriched detectors will be sited inside shield during May 2015.

• Started cooling May 26. • Parts and material tracking in place. • Clean machining implemented underground.

Photo: M. Kapust

Detectors

Steve Elliott

SDU Design

NDM 2015 18

Dimensional Measurement

UG Detector Assembly

• ORTEC selected for enriched detectors. • 30 Enriched detectors at SURF 25.2 kg, 87% 76Ge • Up to an additional 5 kg of enriched detector expected during June 2015. 2 kg UG at ORNL

• 20 kg of modified natural-Ge BEGe (Canberra) detectors in hand (33 detectors UG).

• All detector related assembly performed in N2 purged gloveboxes.

• All detectors’ dimensions recorded by optical reader.

228Th Calibration Spectrum of Prototype Module Detector


One detector spectrum within a string mounted in the prototype cryostat and inside shield. FWHM 3.2 keV at 2.6 MeV.

Energy (keV)0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

coun

ts /

0.1

keV

-110

1

10

210

310

Energy (keV)2600 2605 2610 2615 2620 2625

coun

ts

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400fit: signal + bkgd

bkgd from fit

208Tl

208Tl

Det

ecto

r B84

66 S

3D4

MJD

F-20

14-1

0-14

-008

-R1

Pulse Shape Discrimination: A/E


Natural BEGe detector in Prototype Cryostat

Energy (keV)1550 1560 1570 1580 1590 1600 1610 1620 1630 1640 1650

coun

ts/0

.5ke

V

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

B8466

Raw Spectrum

After PSD Cut

B8466

212 B

i γ"

DE

P

MJDF-2015-03-01-002-R2

Electroforming


Installation of mandrel in bath

•  Eforming at PNNL and at 4850’ at SURF •  Eforming complete in May 2015 • Machine shop operational

Copper ready to cut

Lathe installed UG

Bake/Quench

Flattened Plate

21

Temporary Clean Room at Ross Shops

Electroformed Parts Stored in Nitrogen


Assembled Detector Unit and String


Electroformed Copper PTFE

PFA + fine Cu coaxial cable

String Assembly

Front-End Elec.

Front-End Board


Epoxy

Shipping Restraint Feedback Resistor

FET Spring Clip

Clean Au+Ti traces on fused silica, amorphous Ge resistor, FET mounted with silver epoxy, EFCu + low-BG Sn contact pin

Signal Connectors


Connectors reside on top of cold plate. In-house machined from vespel. Axon pico co-ax cable. Low background solder and flux.

Top of the Cold Plate


Vespel connectors

HV cables are run from vacuum feed-through to detector.

DEMONSTRATOR Background Model


0.23%

0.29%

0.63%

0.38%

0.60%

0.07%

0.39%

0.07%

0.09%

0.10%

0.05%

0.21%

0.17%

0.13%

0.03%

<0.01%

0% 0.1% 0.2% 0.3% 0.4% 0.5% 0.6% 0.7% 0.8% 0.9% 1%

Electroformed%Cu%

OFHC%Cu%Shielding%

Pb%shielding%

Cables%/%Connectors%

Front%Ends%

Ge%(U/Th)%

PlasLcs%+%other%


CoN60%(Cu)%


Rn,%surface%α%


Ge(n,n)%

Ge(n,γ)%

direct%μ%+%other%

ν%backgrounds%

Background+Rate+(c/ROI3t3y)+

Electroformed%Cu%




ν%backgrounds%

Natural%RadioacLvity%Cosmogenic%AcLvaLon%External,%Environmental%μNinduced%neutrinos%

Total:%3.5%c/ROINtNy%

MJD Overview


•  Assembly and construction proceeding at Sanford Davis Campus laboratory. •  Based on assays, material backgrounds projected to meet cleanliness goals. •  Module 1 complete. •  EF copper just completed at SURF and PNNL. •  Shield nearly complete. •  Successful reduction and refinement of enrGe with 98% yield. •  AMTEK (ORTEC) has produced 27 kg within 32 detectors from the reduced/

refined enrGe. 30 of these are underground at SURF being assembled into strings.

Commissioning Schedule – Prototype Cryostat – In use – Module 1 – May 2015 – Module 2 – Late 2015

28

Black Hills State University, Spearfish, SD Kara Keeter

Duke University, Durham, North Carolina , and TUNL

Matthew Busch

Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia Alexander Barabash, Sergey Konovalov, Vladimir Yumatov

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia

Viktor Brudanin, M. Shirchenko, Sergey Vasilyev, E. Yakushev, I. Zhitnikov

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California and

the University of California - Berkeley Nicolas Abgrall, Mark Amman, Paul Barton, Adam Bradley, Yuen-Dat Chan, Paul Luke, Susanne Mertens, Alan Poon,

Christopher Schmitt, Kai Vetter, Harold Yaver

Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico Pinghan Chu, Steven Elliott, Johnny Goett, Ralph Massarczyk,

Keith Rielage, Larry Rodriguez, Harry Salazar, Wenqin Xu

Oak Ridge National Laboratory Cristian Baldenegro-Barrera, Fred Bertrand, Kathy Carney,

Alfredo Galindo-Uribarri, Matthew P. Green, Monty Middlebrook, David Radford, Elisa Romero-Romero, Robert Varner, Brandon White,

Timothy Williams, Chang-Hong Yu

Osaka University, Osaka, Japan Hiroyasu Ejiri

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington Isaac Arnquist, Eric Hoppe, Richard T. Kouzes, Brian LaFerriere, John Orrell

South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota

Adam Caldwell, Cabot-Ann Christofferson, Stanley Howard, Anne-Marie Suriano, Jared Thompson

Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, Tennessee

Mary Kidd

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina and TUNL Tom Gilliss, Graham K. Giovanetti, Reyco Henning, Jacqueline MacMullin,

Samuel J. Meijer, Benjamin Shanks, Christopher O’Shaughnessy, Jamin Rager, James Trimble, Kris Vorren, John F. Wilkerson

University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina

Frank Avignone, Vince Guiseppe, David Tedeschi, Clint Wiseman

University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota Dana Byram, Ben Jasinski, Ryan Martin, Nathan Snyder

University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee

Yuri Efremenko

University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Tom Burritt, Micah Buuck, Clara Cuesta, Jason Detwiler, Julieta Gruszko,

Ian Guinn, Greg Harper, Jonathan Leon, David Peterson, R. G. Hamish Robertson, Tim Van Wechel

The MAJORANA Collaboration

EXTRAS


Data Acquisition


• Slow controls fielded and in operation. Vacuum systems in operation.

• Low sub-keV threshold digital system operating for MALBEK.

• The DAQ software and hardware is up and running and in continuous use for Prototype, test cryostats and detector acceptance testing.

• Tablet and smart phone support.

31

Enriched Detector Performance


Comparison of measurements done at ORTEC and SURF within the vendor cryostat. All are better than specification.

P425

37A

P425

38A

P425

38B

P425

73A

P425

73B

P425

74A

P425

74B

P425

74C

P425

75A

P425

75B

P235

17A

P426

61A

P426

61B

P426

61C

P426

62A

P426

62B

P426

62C

P426

64A

P426

65A

P426

65B

P426

65C

P426

98A

P426

98B

P427

12B

P426

64B

P427

12A

P427

48A

P427

48B

P427

49A

P427

49B

FWH

M @

1.3

MeV

(keV

)

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

2.2

2.4

2.6ORTECSURF (vendor cryostat)ORTEC spec

MJD

F-20

14-1

0-14

-004

-R1

A full background model has been successfully built for MALBEK using MaGe. Our simulations of MJD produce the entire spectrum.

50k CPU hours 8k+ runs, 40+ contaminants 56 components, 21 materials


Simulation: MJD 0-10 MeV


Background Level A sample of that level 90% CL UL

Materials and Assay


Plastics for NAA analysis

Eformed Cu purity studies

•  Significant R&D and advances made in improvement of ICP-MS sensitivity for U and Th in copper near 0.1 µBq/kg level.

• Monitoring U and Th in copper baths electrolyte. •  All plastic materials selected after high sensitivity

NAA analysis. Assay complete. •  Significant progress made in development of low

background front-end electronics.

TIG rods in LB count system 35

Enriched Ge Typical Effective Surface Exposure

UG storage at ECP x22 reduction Shipping container x10 reduction

UG at Cherokee x100 reduction

10 days equivalent sea level exposure

NDM 2015 36 Steve Elliott

Underground Lab - Status

Steve Elliott

• Eforming lab operational since 2011 • Davis Campus lab occupied, March 2012 • Shield floor, LN system, assembly table,

air bearing system, glove boxes, localized clean space all installed

Temporary Clean Room at Ross Shops

NDM 2015

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Views of MJD detector lab

37

Enriched Ge


Specs ECP ORNL Physics (Sample 1)

ORNL CSD (sample 2)

PNNL (Sample 3)

76Ge ≥86.0 87.67 86.9 (2) 87.9 (9) 88.2 (3)

74Ge 12.16 12.5 (1) 12.0 (1) 11.8 (3)

73Ge 0.07 < 0.2 0.052 (1) 0.04 (2)

72Ge 0.05 <0.2 0.0058 (3) 0.02 (1)

70Ge ≤0.07 0.05 <0.2 0.0157 (3) 0.005 (4)

•  42.5 kg enrGe received as oxide and stored UG in Oak Ridge.

•  Processed to metal with >98% conversion.

Gun safe UG at Cherokee Caverns

Iron Shipping Container

Purification

38

The MAJORANA Project a status report

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