The JET Active Gas Handling System (AGHS)

EODI AGHS 09.06.2009 S.Knipe # 1

The JET Active Gas Handling System (AGHS)

Stuart Knipe


• Introduction

• What is Tritium?

• Containment Principles

• Tritium History of JET

• The AGHS Process

• Safety Systems

• Development in AGHS

• Questions

• Plant Visit


What is Tritium?Hydrogen isotope

p pn

pn

n

Protium Deuterium Tritium

Shielding is a function of containment

Atomic weight: 3.01605 gHalf life: 12.323 yRadiation: β- decay Decay product: T 3He + β-

Range of Beta radiation in air: 0.5 mmin water: 6 µm

Tritium is the only radioactive isotope of hydrogen.


• To prevent release of tritium to the working environment or beyond• Minimise ‘releasable’ tritium by employing small diameter pipework in primary

containment• Welded connections wherever possible to minimise potential leak points• High integrity system built to Quality Standards• Maintain process pressure at, or below, atmospheric pressure• Secondary containment with inert atmosphere prevents oxidation and allows

recovery to process. Secondary containment operates below atmospheric pressure

• Monitor secondary containment and shutdown subsystem if activity is detected• Recovery mechanism from secondary containment. Evacuated volumes

available to remove gas from faulty system

Containment Principles


Tritium History of JET

• First Plasma at JET – 25th June 1983

• Commence construction of AGHS 1989

• Preliminary Tritium Experiment (PTE) 1991 (0.1g T2)

• Inactive commissioning of AGHS 1995

• Trace Tritium Commissioning of AGHS 1995 (0.1g T2)

• Full Tritium Commissioning of AGHS 1996 (3g T2)

• DTE1 1997 (20g T2)

• RTE 1998

• D-D Operations

• Transition from Joint Undertaking to UKAEA 1999-2000

• Trace Tritium Experiment 2003


Active Gas Handling System (AGHS) Building

T2 transfer lines and forevacuumconnections

Torus Hall

The Active Gas Handling System


Mechanical�Forevacuum�

(MF)

Exhaust�Detritiation�

(ED)

Impurity�Processing�

(IP)

Analytical�Laboratory�

(AN)

Isotope �Separation


Gas chroma-�tography�

(GC)

�

Cryo-�distillation�

(CD)

Cryogenic�Forevacuum�

(CF)

H2 (D2)

Torus Basement

Torus Hall

Active Gas Handling System (AGHS) JG98

.497

/1c

Intermediate Storage�(IS)

Sta

ck

Product�Storage�

(PS)

Gas�Introduction�

(GI)

D2

D2

D2

D2

D2D2

D2

T2

T2T2

T2

T2

T2

T2

T2

Gas Distribution�(GD)

TORUS

NIB

NIB

TRITIUM RECYCLING AT JET

�

Monitoring

Diagnostics

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The AGHS Process


The AGHS Process



(MF)


(ED)


(IP)


(AN)




(GC)

�


(CD)


(CF)

H2 (D2)

Torus Basement

Torus Hall


.497

/1c


Sta

ck


(PS)


(GI)

D2

D2

D2

D2

D2D2

D2

T2

T2T2

T2

T2

T2

T2

T2


TORUS

NIB

NIB


�

Monitoring

Diagnostics

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The AGHS Process


Product Storage



(MF)


(ED)


(IP)


(AN)




(GC)

�


(CD)


(CF)

H2 (D2)

Torus Basement

Torus Hall


.497

/1c


Sta

ck


(PS)


(GI)

D2

D2

D2

D2

D2D2

D2

T2

T2T2

T2

T2

T2

T2

T2


TORUS

NIB

NIB


�

Monitoring

Diagnostics

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The AGHS Process


Gas Introduction


Hotter than the centre of an Apple Pie!!



(MF)


(ED)


(IP)


(AN)




(GC)

�


(CD)


(CF)

H2 (D2)

Torus Basement

Torus Hall


.497

/1c


Sta

ck


(PS)


(GI)

D2

D2

D2

D2

D2D2

D2

T2

T2T2

T2

T2

T2

T2

T2


TORUS

NIB

NIB


�

Monitoring

Diagnostics

CRYO

CR

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Aux

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tion

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row

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ML2ML1

The AGHS Process


Cryogenic Forevacuum



(MF)


(ED)


(IP)


(AN)




(GC)

�


(CD)


(CF)

H2 (D2)

Torus Basement

Torus Hall


.497

/1c


Sta

ck


(PS)


(GI)

D2

D2

D2

D2

D2D2

D2

T2

T2T2

T2

T2

T2

T2

T2


TORUS

NIB

NIB


�

Monitoring

Diagnostics

CRYO

CR

YO

CR

YO

PU

MPCR

YO

PU

MP

�

NIB

Aux

iliar

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tion

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Cro

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row

n

ML2ML1

The AGHS Process


Intermediate Storage



(MF)


(ED)


(IP)


(AN)




(GC)

�


(CD)


(CF)

H2 (D2)

Torus Basement

Torus Hall


.497

/1c


Sta

ck


(PS)


(GI)

D2

D2

D2

D2

D2D2

D2

T2

T2T2

T2

T2

T2

T2

T2


TORUS

NIB

NIB


�

Monitoring

Diagnostics

CRYO

CR

YO

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NIB

Aux

iliar

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tion

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Tor

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row

n

ML2ML1

The AGHS Process


Impurity Processing



(MF)


(ED)


(IP)


(AN)




(GC)

�


(CD)


(CF)

H2 (D2)

Torus Basement

Torus Hall


.497

/1c


Sta

ck


(PS)


(GI)

D2

D2

D2

D2

D2D2

D2

T2

T2T2

T2

T2

T2

T2

T2


TORUS

NIB

NIB


�

Monitoring

Diagnostics

CRYO

CR

YO

CR

YO

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YO

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MP

�

NIB

Aux

iliar

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ntila

tion

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Cro

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row

n

ML2ML1

The AGHS Process


Mechanical Forevacuum



(MF)


(ED)


(IP)


(AN)




(GC)

�


(CD)


(CF)

H2 (D2)

Torus Basement

Torus Hall


.497

/1c


Sta

ck


(PS)


(GI)

D2

D2

D2

D2

D2D2

D2

T2

T2T2

T2

T2

T2

T2

T2


TORUS

NIB

NIB


�

Monitoring

Diagnostics

CRYO

CR

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NIB

Aux

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ML2ML1

The AGHS Process


Cryogenic Distillation



(MF)


(ED)


(IP)


(AN)




(GC)

�


(CD)


(CF)

H2 (D2)

Torus Basement

Torus Hall


.497

/1c


Sta

ck


(PS)


(GI)

D2

D2

D2

D2

D2D2

D2

T2

T2T2

T2

T2

T2

T2

T2


TORUS

NIB

NIB


�

Monitoring

Diagnostics

CRYO

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ML2ML1

The AGHS Process


Gas Chromatography



(MF)


(ED)


(IP)


(AN)




(GC)

�


(CD)


(CF)

H2 (D2)

Torus Basement

Torus Hall


.497

/1c


Sta

ck


(PS)


(GI)

D2

D2

D2

D2

D2D2

D2

T2

T2T2

T2

T2

T2

T2

T2


TORUS

NIB

NIB


�

Monitoring

Diagnostics

CRYO

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NIB

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ML2ML1

The AGHS Process


Analytical Laboratory



(MF)


(ED)


(IP)


(AN)




(GC)

�


(CD)


(CF)

H2 (D2)

Torus Basement

Torus Hall


.497

/1c


Sta

ck


(PS)


(GI)

D2

D2

D2

D2

D2D2

D2

T2

T2T2

T2

T2

T2

T2

T2


TORUS

NIB

NIB


�

Monitoring

Diagnostics

CRYO

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ML2ML1

The AGHS Process


Exhaust Detritiation


• Trained operators, operating instructions• Software interlocks and enables (handshakes between subsystems)• Hardwired interlocks – solid state, failsafe circuits

High pressure opens valve to expansion volumeHigh temperature isolates electrical supply to heaterHigh tritium isolates air to subsystem

Safety Systems

High tritium diverts exhaust to recovery system• Bursting disk venting to evacuated volume• Area tritium monitors• High ventilation flow with open floor to prevent stagnant zones and ensure gas

reaches area monitors quickly. Auto changeover if duty fan fails. 40,000m3/h• Auxiliary ventilation system triples flow to flush building. 120,000m3/h• Uninterruptible Power Supply gives two hours autonomy.• Diverse electrical supplies to plant services• Plant Emergency Shutdown• Restricted access to building


• ITER Design Prototype Cryopanel

• Closed loop pumping trials with 5g trititum

• Various impurities introduced to system

Development in AGHS


• Flake detritiation demonstration facility

Development in AGHS

• Recover tritium from carbon flakes

• High temperature oxidation of C and T2

• HTO captured in cold trap

• Water cracked over getter material

• Tritium captured in Pd bed


Questions

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The JET Active Gas Handling System (AGHS)

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