Aorist Active Participles

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Morphology AORIST ACTIVE PARTICIPLES

Transcript of Aorist Active Participles

Page 1: Aorist Active Participles

MorphologyAORIST ACTIVE PARTICIPLES

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Morphology

We are working with a diagnostic approach toward

identifying verbs. For aorist active participles, the key

diagnostics are:

1. σα marks the aorist tense.

2. ντ marks the active masculine or neuter.

3. σα marks the active feminine.

4. 3-1-3 pattern personal endings.

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Aorist Active Masculine

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Aorist Active MasculineThe masculine and neuter forms of the aorist active

participle take third-declension personal endings.

The masculine and neuter active participle morpheme

is ντ. This is the marker of an active participle.

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AAP-NMS

λυσας

λυ + σα + ντ + ς

λυ + σα + – + ς

λυ + σα + ς

Diagnostics

1. The tense formative σα marks it

as aorist.

2. The participle morpheme ντ

would mark (a) active and (b)

masculine or neuter. It drops out

when σ is added: ντς → ς.

3. The personal ending ς marks it

as NS.

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AAP-GMS

λυσαντος

λυ + σα + ντ + ος

Diagnostics

1. The tense formative σα marks it

as aorist.

2. The participle morpheme ντ

marks (a) active and (b)

masculine or neuter.

3. The personal ending ος marks it

as GS.

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AAP-DMS

λυσαντι

λυ + σα + ντ + ι

Diagnostics

1. The tense formative σα marks it

as aorist.

2. The participle morpheme ντ

marks (a) active and (b)

masculine or neuter.

3. The personal ending ι marks it

as DS.

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AAP-AMS

λυσαντα

λυ + σα + ντ + α

Diagnostics

1. The tense formative σα marks it

as aorist.

2. The participle morpheme ντ

marks (a) active and (b)

masculine or neuter.

3. The personal ending α marks it

as AMS (or NNP/ANP).

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AAP-NMP

λυσαντες

λυ + σα + ντ + ες

Diagnostics

1. The tense formative σα marks it

as aorist.

2. The participle morpheme ντ

marks (a) active and (b)

masculine or neuter.

3. The personal ending ες marks it

as NMP (the neuter ending

would be α).

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AAP-GMP

λυσαντων

λυ + σα + ντ + ων

Diagnostics

1. The tense formative σα marks it

as aorist.

2. The participle morpheme ντ

marks (a) active and (b)

masculine or neuter.

3. The personal ending ων marks it

as GP.

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AAP-DMP

λυσασι(ν)

λυ + σα + ντ + σι(ν)

λυ + σα + – + σι(ν)

λυ + σα + σι(ν)

Diagnostics

1. The tense formative σα marks it

as aorist.

2. The participle morpheme ντ has

dropped out because of the

addition of a personal ending

starting with sigma.

3. The personal ending σι(ν) marks

it as DP.

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AAP-AMP

λυσαντας

λυ + σα + ντ + ας

Diagnostics

1. The tense formative σα marks it

as aorist.

2. The participle morpheme ντ

marks (a) active and (b)

masculine or neuter.

3. The personal ending ας marks it

as AMP (the neuter ending

would be α).

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Aorist Active Neuter

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Aorist Active NeuterThe neuter participle is similar to the masculine. It

takes the third-declension personal endings and the

active participle morpheme ντ.

In the genitive and dative, the masculine and neuter

forms are identical. The nominative and accusative

forms are different.

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AAP-NNS and ANS

λασαν

λυ + σα + ντ + –

λυ + σα + ν + –

λυ + σα + ν

Diagnostics

1. The tense formative σα marks it

as aorist.

2. The participle morpheme ντ

would mark it as an active masc.

or neut. participle.

3. The personal ending – marks it

as NNS and ANS.

4. Since there is no personal

ending, the τ of ντ drops out.

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AAP-NNP and ANP

λασαντα

λυ + σα + ντ + α

Diagnostics

1. The tense formative σα marks it

as aorist.

2. The participle morpheme ντ

marks it as masculine or neuter.

3. The personal ending α marks it

as NNP or ANP (or AMS).

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Aorist Active Feminine

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Aorist Active FeminineThe feminine forms of the aorist active participle take

first-declension personal endings, exactly like δοξα.

The ordinary active participle morpheme, ντ, is

modified in the feminine forms by the addition of ια.

Technically, the feminine active participle morpheme is

«ντια», but internal vowel changes result in it becoming

σα.

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Advanced and TechnicalThe feminine participles add ια to the participle morpheme ντ, so

the feminine morpheme becomes «ντια». This undergoes changes.

First, τι → σ, which results in «νσα». Second, the ν drops out when

followed by σ, which results in «σα». In other words, this happens:

ντια → νσα → σα

Thus for the aorist active participle, the participle morpheme can

simply be learned as σα, which is closely related to the normal ντ

morpheme.

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AAP-NFS

λυσασα

λυ + σα + σα + –

Diagnostics

1. The tense formative σα marks it

as aorist.

2. The feminine participle

morpheme σα marks it as fem.

and active.

3. The personal ending – marks it

as NS.

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AAP-GFS

λυσασης

λυ + σα + σα + ς

λυ + σα + ση + ς

Diagnostics

1. The tense formative σα marks it

as aorist.

2. The feminine participle

morpheme σα marks it as

feminine. σα → ση as is typical of

the first declension GS and DS.

3. The personal ending ς marks it

as GS.

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AAP-DFS

λυσασῃ

λυ + σα + σα + ι

λυ + σα + ση + ι

λυ + σα + σῃ

Diagnostics

1. The tense formative σα marks it

as aorist.

2. The feminine participle

morpheme σα marks it as

feminine. σα → ση as is typical of

the first declension GS and DS.

3. The personal ending ι (subscript)

marks it as DS.

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AAP-DFS

λυσασαν

λυ + σα + σα + ν

Diagnostics

1. The tense formative σα marks it

as aorist.

2. The feminine participle

morpheme σα marks it as

feminine.

3. The personal ending ν marks it

as AS.

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AAP-NFP

λυσασαι

λυ + σα + σα + ι

Diagnostics

1. The tense formative σα marks it

as aorist.

2. The feminine participle

morpheme σα marks it as fem.

and active.

3. The personal ending ι marks it

as NP.

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AAP-GFP

λυσασων

λυ + σα + σα + ων

αω → ω

Diagnostics

1. The tense formative σα marks it

as aorist.

2. The feminine participle

morpheme σα is partially

obscured because αων contracts

to ων.

3. The personal ending ων marks it

as GP.

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AAP-DFP

λυσασαις

λυ + σα + σα + ις

Diagnostics

1. The tense formative σα marks it

as aorist.

2. The feminine participle

morpheme σα marks it as fem.

active.

3. The personal ending ις marks it

as DP.

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AAP-AFP

λυσασας

λυ + σα + σα + ς

Diagnostics

1. The tense formative σα marks it

as aorist.

2. The feminine participle

morpheme σα marks it as fem.

active.

3. The personal ending ς marks it

as AP.

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The End