EODI AGHS 09.06.2009 S.Knipe # 1
The JET Active Gas Handling System (AGHS)
Stuart Knipe
EODI AGHS 09.06.2009 S.Knipe # 2
• Introduction
• What is Tritium?
• Containment Principles
• Tritium History of JET
• The AGHS Process
• Safety Systems
• Development in AGHS
• Questions
• Plant Visit
EODI AGHS 09.06.2009 S.Knipe # 3
What is Tritium?Hydrogen isotope
p pn
pn
n
Protium Deuterium Tritium
Shielding is a function of containment
Atomic weight: 3.01605 gHalf life: 12.323 yRadiation: β- decay Decay product: T 3He + β-
Range of Beta radiation in air: 0.5 mmin water: 6 µm
Tritium is the only radioactive isotope of hydrogen.
EODI AGHS 09.06.2009 S.Knipe # 4
• To prevent release of tritium to the working environment or beyond• Minimise ‘releasable’ tritium by employing small diameter pipework in primary
containment• Welded connections wherever possible to minimise potential leak points• High integrity system built to Quality Standards• Maintain process pressure at, or below, atmospheric pressure• Secondary containment with inert atmosphere prevents oxidation and allows
recovery to process. Secondary containment operates below atmospheric pressure
• Monitor secondary containment and shutdown subsystem if activity is detected• Recovery mechanism from secondary containment. Evacuated volumes
available to remove gas from faulty system
Containment Principles
EODI AGHS 09.06.2009 S.Knipe # 5
Tritium History of JET
• First Plasma at JET – 25th June 1983
• Commence construction of AGHS 1989
• Preliminary Tritium Experiment (PTE) 1991 (0.1g T2)
• Inactive commissioning of AGHS 1995
• Trace Tritium Commissioning of AGHS 1995 (0.1g T2)
• Full Tritium Commissioning of AGHS 1996 (3g T2)
• DTE1 1997 (20g T2)
• RTE 1998
• D-D Operations
• Transition from Joint Undertaking to UKAEA 1999-2000
• Trace Tritium Experiment 2003
EODI AGHS 09.06.2009 S.Knipe # 6
Active Gas Handling System (AGHS) Building
T2 transfer lines and forevacuumconnections
Torus Hall
The Active Gas Handling System
EODI AGHS 09.06.2009 S.Knipe # 7
Mechanical�Forevacuum�
(MF)
Exhaust�Detritiation�
(ED)
Impurity�Processing�
(IP)
Analytical�Laboratory�
(AN)
Isotope �Separation
Isotope �Separation
Gas chroma-�tography�
(GC)
�
Cryo-�distillation�
(CD)
Cryogenic�Forevacuum�
(CF)
H2 (D2)
Torus Basement
Torus Hall
Active Gas Handling System (AGHS) JG98
.497
/1c
Intermediate Storage�(IS)
Sta
ck
Product�Storage�
(PS)
Gas�Introduction�
(GI)
D2
D2
D2
D2
D2D2
D2
T2
T2T2
T2
T2
T2
T2
T2
Gas Distribution�(GD)
TORUS
NIB
NIB
TRITIUM RECYCLING AT JET
�
Monitoring
Diagnostics
CRYO
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ML2ML1
The AGHS Process
EODI AGHS 09.06.2009 S.Knipe # 8
The AGHS Process
EODI AGHS 09.06.2009 S.Knipe # 9
Mechanical�Forevacuum�
(MF)
Exhaust�Detritiation�
(ED)
Impurity�Processing�
(IP)
Analytical�Laboratory�
(AN)
Isotope �Separation
Isotope �Separation
Gas chroma-�tography�
(GC)
�
Cryo-�distillation�
(CD)
Cryogenic�Forevacuum�
(CF)
H2 (D2)
Torus Basement
Torus Hall
Active Gas Handling System (AGHS) JG98
.497
/1c
Intermediate Storage�(IS)
Sta
ck
Product�Storage�
(PS)
Gas�Introduction�
(GI)
D2
D2
D2
D2
D2D2
D2
T2
T2T2
T2
T2
T2
T2
T2
Gas Distribution�(GD)
TORUS
NIB
NIB
TRITIUM RECYCLING AT JET
�
Monitoring
Diagnostics
CRYO
CR
YO
CR
YO
PU
MPCR
YO
PU
MP
�
NIB
Aux
iliar
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tion
NIB
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ML2ML1
The AGHS Process
EODI AGHS 09.06.2009 S.Knipe # 10
Product Storage
EODI AGHS 09.06.2009 S.Knipe # 11
Mechanical�Forevacuum�
(MF)
Exhaust�Detritiation�
(ED)
Impurity�Processing�
(IP)
Analytical�Laboratory�
(AN)
Isotope �Separation
Isotope �Separation
Gas chroma-�tography�
(GC)
�
Cryo-�distillation�
(CD)
Cryogenic�Forevacuum�
(CF)
H2 (D2)
Torus Basement
Torus Hall
Active Gas Handling System (AGHS) JG98
.497
/1c
Intermediate Storage�(IS)
Sta
ck
Product�Storage�
(PS)
Gas�Introduction�
(GI)
D2
D2
D2
D2
D2D2
D2
T2
T2T2
T2
T2
T2
T2
T2
Gas Distribution�(GD)
TORUS
NIB
NIB
TRITIUM RECYCLING AT JET
�
Monitoring
Diagnostics
CRYO
CR
YO
CR
YO
PU
MPCR
YO
PU
MP
�
NIB
Aux
iliar
y ve
ntila
tion
NIB
Cro
wn
Tor
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row
n
ML2ML1
The AGHS Process
EODI AGHS 09.06.2009 S.Knipe # 12
Gas Introduction
EODI AGHS 09.06.2009 S.Knipe # 13
Hotter than the centre of an Apple Pie!!
EODI AGHS 09.06.2009 S.Knipe # 14
Mechanical�Forevacuum�
(MF)
Exhaust�Detritiation�
(ED)
Impurity�Processing�
(IP)
Analytical�Laboratory�
(AN)
Isotope �Separation
Isotope �Separation
Gas chroma-�tography�
(GC)
�
Cryo-�distillation�
(CD)
Cryogenic�Forevacuum�
(CF)
H2 (D2)
Torus Basement
Torus Hall
Active Gas Handling System (AGHS) JG98
.497
/1c
Intermediate Storage�(IS)
Sta
ck
Product�Storage�
(PS)
Gas�Introduction�
(GI)
D2
D2
D2
D2
D2D2
D2
T2
T2T2
T2
T2
T2
T2
T2
Gas Distribution�(GD)
TORUS
NIB
NIB
TRITIUM RECYCLING AT JET
�
Monitoring
Diagnostics
CRYO
CR
YO
CR
YO
PU
MPCR
YO
PU
MP
�
NIB
Aux
iliar
y ve
ntila
tion
NIB
Cro
wn
Tor
us C
row
n
ML2ML1
The AGHS Process
EODI AGHS 09.06.2009 S.Knipe # 15
Cryogenic Forevacuum
EODI AGHS 09.06.2009 S.Knipe # 16
Mechanical�Forevacuum�
(MF)
Exhaust�Detritiation�
(ED)
Impurity�Processing�
(IP)
Analytical�Laboratory�
(AN)
Isotope �Separation
Isotope �Separation
Gas chroma-�tography�
(GC)
�
Cryo-�distillation�
(CD)
Cryogenic�Forevacuum�
(CF)
H2 (D2)
Torus Basement
Torus Hall
Active Gas Handling System (AGHS) JG98
.497
/1c
Intermediate Storage�(IS)
Sta
ck
Product�Storage�
(PS)
Gas�Introduction�
(GI)
D2
D2
D2
D2
D2D2
D2
T2
T2T2
T2
T2
T2
T2
T2
Gas Distribution�(GD)
TORUS
NIB
NIB
TRITIUM RECYCLING AT JET
�
Monitoring
Diagnostics
CRYO
CR
YO
CR
YO
PU
MPCR
YO
PU
MP
�
NIB
Aux
iliar
y ve
ntila
tion
NIB
Cro
wn
Tor
us C
row
n
ML2ML1
The AGHS Process
EODI AGHS 09.06.2009 S.Knipe # 17
Intermediate Storage
EODI AGHS 09.06.2009 S.Knipe # 18
Mechanical�Forevacuum�
(MF)
Exhaust�Detritiation�
(ED)
Impurity�Processing�
(IP)
Analytical�Laboratory�
(AN)
Isotope �Separation
Isotope �Separation
Gas chroma-�tography�
(GC)
�
Cryo-�distillation�
(CD)
Cryogenic�Forevacuum�
(CF)
H2 (D2)
Torus Basement
Torus Hall
Active Gas Handling System (AGHS) JG98
.497
/1c
Intermediate Storage�(IS)
Sta
ck
Product�Storage�
(PS)
Gas�Introduction�
(GI)
D2
D2
D2
D2
D2D2
D2
T2
T2T2
T2
T2
T2
T2
T2
Gas Distribution�(GD)
TORUS
NIB
NIB
TRITIUM RECYCLING AT JET
�
Monitoring
Diagnostics
CRYO
CR
YO
CR
YO
PU
MPCR
YO
PU
MP
�
NIB
Aux
iliar
y ve
ntila
tion
NIB
Cro
wn
Tor
us C
row
n
ML2ML1
The AGHS Process
EODI AGHS 09.06.2009 S.Knipe # 19
Impurity Processing
EODI AGHS 09.06.2009 S.Knipe # 20
Mechanical�Forevacuum�
(MF)
Exhaust�Detritiation�
(ED)
Impurity�Processing�
(IP)
Analytical�Laboratory�
(AN)
Isotope �Separation
Isotope �Separation
Gas chroma-�tography�
(GC)
�
Cryo-�distillation�
(CD)
Cryogenic�Forevacuum�
(CF)
H2 (D2)
Torus Basement
Torus Hall
Active Gas Handling System (AGHS) JG98
.497
/1c
Intermediate Storage�(IS)
Sta
ck
Product�Storage�
(PS)
Gas�Introduction�
(GI)
D2
D2
D2
D2
D2D2
D2
T2
T2T2
T2
T2
T2
T2
T2
Gas Distribution�(GD)
TORUS
NIB
NIB
TRITIUM RECYCLING AT JET
�
Monitoring
Diagnostics
CRYO
CR
YO
CR
YO
PU
MPCR
YO
PU
MP
�
NIB
Aux
iliar
y ve
ntila
tion
NIB
Cro
wn
Tor
us C
row
n
ML2ML1
The AGHS Process
EODI AGHS 09.06.2009 S.Knipe # 21
Mechanical Forevacuum
EODI AGHS 09.06.2009 S.Knipe # 22
Mechanical�Forevacuum�
(MF)
Exhaust�Detritiation�
(ED)
Impurity�Processing�
(IP)
Analytical�Laboratory�
(AN)
Isotope �Separation
Isotope �Separation
Gas chroma-�tography�
(GC)
�
Cryo-�distillation�
(CD)
Cryogenic�Forevacuum�
(CF)
H2 (D2)
Torus Basement
Torus Hall
Active Gas Handling System (AGHS) JG98
.497
/1c
Intermediate Storage�(IS)
Sta
ck
Product�Storage�
(PS)
Gas�Introduction�
(GI)
D2
D2
D2
D2
D2D2
D2
T2
T2T2
T2
T2
T2
T2
T2
Gas Distribution�(GD)
TORUS
NIB
NIB
TRITIUM RECYCLING AT JET
�
Monitoring
Diagnostics
CRYO
CR
YO
CR
YO
PU
MPCR
YO
PU
MP
�
NIB
Aux
iliar
y ve
ntila
tion
NIB
Cro
wn
Tor
us C
row
n
ML2ML1
The AGHS Process
EODI AGHS 09.06.2009 S.Knipe # 23
Cryogenic Distillation
EODI AGHS 09.06.2009 S.Knipe # 24
Mechanical�Forevacuum�
(MF)
Exhaust�Detritiation�
(ED)
Impurity�Processing�
(IP)
Analytical�Laboratory�
(AN)
Isotope �Separation
Isotope �Separation
Gas chroma-�tography�
(GC)
�
Cryo-�distillation�
(CD)
Cryogenic�Forevacuum�
(CF)
H2 (D2)
Torus Basement
Torus Hall
Active Gas Handling System (AGHS) JG98
.497
/1c
Intermediate Storage�(IS)
Sta
ck
Product�Storage�
(PS)
Gas�Introduction�
(GI)
D2
D2
D2
D2
D2D2
D2
T2
T2T2
T2
T2
T2
T2
T2
Gas Distribution�(GD)
TORUS
NIB
NIB
TRITIUM RECYCLING AT JET
�
Monitoring
Diagnostics
CRYO
CR
YO
CR
YO
PU
MPCR
YO
PU
MP
�
NIB
Aux
iliar
y ve
ntila
tion
NIB
Cro
wn
Tor
us C
row
n
ML2ML1
The AGHS Process
EODI AGHS 09.06.2009 S.Knipe # 25
Gas Chromatography
EODI AGHS 09.06.2009 S.Knipe # 26
Mechanical�Forevacuum�
(MF)
Exhaust�Detritiation�
(ED)
Impurity�Processing�
(IP)
Analytical�Laboratory�
(AN)
Isotope �Separation
Isotope �Separation
Gas chroma-�tography�
(GC)
�
Cryo-�distillation�
(CD)
Cryogenic�Forevacuum�
(CF)
H2 (D2)
Torus Basement
Torus Hall
Active Gas Handling System (AGHS) JG98
.497
/1c
Intermediate Storage�(IS)
Sta
ck
Product�Storage�
(PS)
Gas�Introduction�
(GI)
D2
D2
D2
D2
D2D2
D2
T2
T2T2
T2
T2
T2
T2
T2
Gas Distribution�(GD)
TORUS
NIB
NIB
TRITIUM RECYCLING AT JET
�
Monitoring
Diagnostics
CRYO
CR
YO
CR
YO
PU
MPCR
YO
PU
MP
�
NIB
Aux
iliar
y ve
ntila
tion
NIB
Cro
wn
Tor
us C
row
n
ML2ML1
The AGHS Process
EODI AGHS 09.06.2009 S.Knipe # 27
Analytical Laboratory
EODI AGHS 09.06.2009 S.Knipe # 28
Mechanical�Forevacuum�
(MF)
Exhaust�Detritiation�
(ED)
Impurity�Processing�
(IP)
Analytical�Laboratory�
(AN)
Isotope �Separation
Isotope �Separation
Gas chroma-�tography�
(GC)
�
Cryo-�distillation�
(CD)
Cryogenic�Forevacuum�
(CF)
H2 (D2)
Torus Basement
Torus Hall
Active Gas Handling System (AGHS) JG98
.497
/1c
Intermediate Storage�(IS)
Sta
ck
Product�Storage�
(PS)
Gas�Introduction�
(GI)
D2
D2
D2
D2
D2D2
D2
T2
T2T2
T2
T2
T2
T2
T2
Gas Distribution�(GD)
TORUS
NIB
NIB
TRITIUM RECYCLING AT JET
�
Monitoring
Diagnostics
CRYO
CR
YO
CR
YO
PU
MPCR
YO
PU
MP
�
NIB
Aux
iliar
y ve
ntila
tion
NIB
Cro
wn
Tor
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row
n
ML2ML1
The AGHS Process
EODI AGHS 09.06.2009 S.Knipe # 29
Exhaust Detritiation
EODI AGHS 09.06.2009 S.Knipe # 30
• Trained operators, operating instructions• Software interlocks and enables (handshakes between subsystems)• Hardwired interlocks – solid state, failsafe circuits
High pressure opens valve to expansion volumeHigh temperature isolates electrical supply to heaterHigh tritium isolates air to subsystem
Safety Systems
High tritium diverts exhaust to recovery system• Bursting disk venting to evacuated volume• Area tritium monitors• High ventilation flow with open floor to prevent stagnant zones and ensure gas
reaches area monitors quickly. Auto changeover if duty fan fails. 40,000m3/h• Auxiliary ventilation system triples flow to flush building. 120,000m3/h• Uninterruptible Power Supply gives two hours autonomy.• Diverse electrical supplies to plant services• Plant Emergency Shutdown• Restricted access to building
EODI AGHS 09.06.2009 S.Knipe # 31
• ITER Design Prototype Cryopanel
• Closed loop pumping trials with 5g trititum
• Various impurities introduced to system
Development in AGHS
EODI AGHS 09.06.2009 S.Knipe # 32
• Flake detritiation demonstration facility
Development in AGHS
• Recover tritium from carbon flakes
• High temperature oxidation of C and T2
• HTO captured in cold trap
• Water cracked over getter material
• Tritium captured in Pd bed
EODI AGHS 09.06.2009 S.Knipe # 33
Questions
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