The Capri Spring School on Transport in Nanostructures 2020 - … · CAPRI, 2014 CPT, Marseille...
Transcript of The Capri Spring School on Transport in Nanostructures 2020 - … · CAPRI, 2014 CPT, Marseille...
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Interactions and charge fractionalization in anelectronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
C. Wahl, J. Rech, T. Jonckheere and T. Martin
CAPRI, 2014
CPT, Marseille
C. Wahl et al., PRL 112, 046802 (’14)
1 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Electronic Quantum Optics
Photons → Electrons
Light beam → Chiral edge QHE
Beam splitter → QPC
Coherent Light source →Single Electron Source
2 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Electronic Quantum Optics
Photons → Electrons
Light beam → Chiral edge QHE
Beam splitter → QPC
Coherent Light source →Single Electron Source
2 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Electronic Quantum Optics
Photons → Electrons
Light beam → Chiral edge QHE
Beam splitter → QPC
Coherent Light source →Single Electron Source
2 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Electronic Quantum Optics
Photons → Electrons
Light beam → Chiral edge QHE
Beam splitter → QPC
Coherent Light source →Single Electron Source
2 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Single Electron Sources
D
1D
bb
V(t)
VG
VG
Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved©2013
Energy| (t)|2
(t) ~1
t + iW
t
V(t)
V(t) = h
eπ t2 + W2
W
a
c
Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved©2013
Lorentzian voltage pulses
[Dubois et al., Nature (’13)] 17
Fig1Flying electrons on surface acoustic waves
[Hermelin et al., Nature 477, 435 (’11)][McNeil et al., Nature 477, 439 (’11)]
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�Charge pumps, quantum turnstiles
[Giblin et al., Nature Comm. 3, 930 (’12)]
Mesoscopic capacitor
[Fève et al., Science 316, 1169 (’07)]
opens the way to all sorts of interference experiments!
3 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Single Electron Sources
D
1D
bb
V(t)
VG
VG
Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved©2013
Energy| (t)|2
(t) ~1
t + iW
t
V(t)
V(t) = h
eπ t2 + W2
W
a
c
Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved©2013
Lorentzian voltage pulses
[Dubois et al., Nature (’13)]
17
Fig1Flying electrons on surface acoustic waves
[Hermelin et al., Nature 477, 435 (’11)][McNeil et al., Nature 477, 439 (’11)]
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�Charge pumps, quantum turnstiles
[Giblin et al., Nature Comm. 3, 930 (’12)]
Mesoscopic capacitor
[Fève et al., Science 316, 1169 (’07)]
opens the way to all sorts of interference experiments!
3 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Single Electron Sources
D
1D
bb
V(t)
VG
VG
Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved©2013
Energy| (t)|2
(t) ~1
t + iW
t
V(t)
V(t) = h
eπ t2 + W2
W
a
c
Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved©2013
Lorentzian voltage pulses
[Dubois et al., Nature (’13)] 17
Fig1Flying electrons on surface acoustic waves
[Hermelin et al., Nature 477, 435 (’11)][McNeil et al., Nature 477, 439 (’11)]
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�Charge pumps, quantum turnstiles
[Giblin et al., Nature Comm. 3, 930 (’12)]
Mesoscopic capacitor
[Fève et al., Science 316, 1169 (’07)]
opens the way to all sorts of interference experiments!
3 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Single Electron Sources
D
1D
bb
V(t)
VG
VG
Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved©2013
Energy| (t)|2
(t) ~1
t + iW
t
V(t)
V(t) = h
eπ t2 + W2
W
a
c
Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved©2013
Lorentzian voltage pulses
[Dubois et al., Nature (’13)] 17
Fig1Flying electrons on surface acoustic waves
[Hermelin et al., Nature 477, 435 (’11)][McNeil et al., Nature 477, 439 (’11)]
���
�������
���
�
�� ��
� �� ���
� ��
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�Charge pumps, quantum turnstiles
[Giblin et al., Nature Comm. 3, 930 (’12)]
Mesoscopic capacitor
[Fève et al., Science 316, 1169 (’07)]
opens the way to all sorts of interference experiments!
3 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Single Electron Sources
D
1D
bb
V(t)
VG
VG
Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved©2013
Energy| (t)|2
(t) ~1
t + iW
t
V(t)
V(t) = h
eπ t2 + W2
W
a
c
Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved©2013
Lorentzian voltage pulses
[Dubois et al., Nature (’13)] 17
Fig1Flying electrons on surface acoustic waves
[Hermelin et al., Nature 477, 435 (’11)][McNeil et al., Nature 477, 439 (’11)]
���
�������
���
�
�� ��
� �� ���
� ��
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�Charge pumps, quantum turnstiles
[Giblin et al., Nature Comm. 3, 930 (’12)]
Mesoscopic capacitor
[Fève et al., Science 316, 1169 (’07)]
opens the way to all sorts of interference experiments!
3 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Single Electron Sources
D
1D
bb
V(t)
VG
VG
Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved©2013
Energy| (t)|2
(t) ~1
t + iW
t
V(t)
V(t) = h
eπ t2 + W2
W
a
c
Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved©2013
Lorentzian voltage pulses
[Dubois et al., Nature (’13)] 17
Fig1Flying electrons on surface acoustic waves
[Hermelin et al., Nature 477, 435 (’11)][McNeil et al., Nature 477, 439 (’11)]
���
�������
���
�
�� ��
� �� ���
� ��
����
�Charge pumps, quantum turnstiles
[Giblin et al., Nature Comm. 3, 930 (’12)]
Mesoscopic capacitor
[Fève et al., Science 316, 1169 (’07)]
opens the way to all sorts of interference experiments!
3 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
The LPA mesoscopic capacitor
∆
D∆ Quantum dot
Level spacing: ∆
Level width: D∆tuned by Vg
Time-dependent excitation voltage Vexc(t)
Ù 1 e + 1 h
Injected exponantial wave-packet
Vexc
Vexc(t)
t
∆
,〈I (t)〉
[Fève et al., Science 316, 1169 (’07); Mahé et al., PRB 82,201309 (’10)]
4 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
The LPA mesoscopic capacitor
∆
D∆
Quantum dot
Level spacing: ∆
Level width: D∆tuned by Vg
Time-dependent excitation voltage Vexc(t)
Ù 1 e + 1 h
Injected exponantial wave-packet
Vexc
Vexc(t)
t
∆
,〈I (t)〉
[Fève et al., Science 316, 1169 (’07); Mahé et al., PRB 82,201309 (’10)]
4 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
The LPA mesoscopic capacitor
∆
D∆
Quantum dot
Level spacing: ∆
Level width: D∆tuned by Vg
Time-dependent excitation voltage Vexc(t)
Ù 1 e + 1 h
Injected exponantial wave-packet
Vexc
Vexc(t)
t
∆
,〈I (t)〉
[Fève et al., Science 316, 1169 (’07); Mahé et al., PRB 82,201309 (’10)]
4 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
The LPA mesoscopic capacitor
∆
D∆ Quantum dot
Level spacing: ∆
Level width: D∆tuned by Vg
Time-dependent excitation voltage Vexc(t)
Ù 1 e + 1 h
Injected exponantial wave-packet
Vexc
Vexc(t)
t
∆
,〈I (t)〉
[Fève et al., Science 316, 1169 (’07); Mahé et al., PRB 82,201309 (’10)]
4 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
The LPA mesoscopic capacitor
∆
D∆ Quantum dot
Level spacing: ∆
Level width: D∆tuned by Vg
Time-dependent excitation voltage Vexc(t)
Ù 1 e + 1 hInjected exponantial wave-packet
Vexc
Vexc(t)
t
∆
,〈I (t)〉
[Fève et al., Science 316, 1169 (’07); Mahé et al., PRB 82,201309 (’10)]
4 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
The LPA mesoscopic capacitor
∆
D∆ Quantum dot
Level spacing: ∆
Level width: D∆tuned by Vg
Time-dependent excitation voltage Vexc(t)
Ù 1 e + 1 hInjected exponantial wave-packet
Vexc
Vexc(t)
t
∆
,〈I (t)〉
[Fève et al., Science 316, 1169 (’07); Mahé et al., PRB 82,201309 (’10)]
4 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
The LPA mesoscopic capacitor
∆
D∆ Quantum dot
Level spacing: ∆
Level width: D∆tuned by Vg
Time-dependent excitation voltage Vexc(t)
Ù 1 e + 1 hInjected exponantial wave-packet
Vexc
Vexc(t)
t
∆
,〈I (t)〉
[Fève et al., Science 316, 1169 (’07); Mahé et al., PRB 82,201309 (’10)]
4 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
The LPA mesoscopic capacitor
∆
D∆ Quantum dot
Level spacing: ∆
Level width: D∆tuned by Vg
Time-dependent excitation voltage Vexc(t)
Ù 1 e + 1 hInjected exponantial wave-packet
Vexc
Vexc(t)
t
∆
,〈I (t)〉
[Fève et al., Science 316, 1169 (’07); Mahé et al., PRB 82,201309 (’10)]
4 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
The LPA mesoscopic capacitor
∆
D∆ Quantum dot
Level spacing: ∆
Level width: D∆tuned by Vg
Time-dependent excitation voltage Vexc(t)
Ù 1 e + 1 hInjected exponantial wave-packet
Vexc
Vexc(t)
t
∆
,〈I (t)〉
[Fève et al., Science 316, 1169 (’07); Mahé et al., PRB 82,201309 (’10)]
4 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
The LPA mesoscopic capacitor
∆
D∆ Quantum dot
Level spacing: ∆
Level width: D∆tuned by Vg
Time-dependent excitation voltage Vexc(t)
Ù 1 e + 1 hInjected exponantial wave-packet
Vexc
Vexc(t)
t
∆
,〈I (t)〉
[Fève et al., Science 316, 1169 (’07); Mahé et al., PRB 82,201309 (’10)]
4 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
The LPA mesoscopic capacitor
∆
D∆ Quantum dot
Level spacing: ∆
Level width: D∆tuned by Vg
Time-dependent excitation voltage Vexc(t) Ù 1 e + 1 h
Injected exponantial wave-packet
Vexc
Vexc(t)
t
∆
,〈I (t)〉
[Fève et al., Science 316, 1169 (’07); Mahé et al., PRB 82,201309 (’10)]
4 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
The LPA mesoscopic capacitor
∆
D∆ Quantum dot
Level spacing: ∆
Level width: D∆tuned by Vg
Time-dependent excitation voltage Vexc(t) Ù 1 e + 1 hInjected exponantial wave-packet
Vexc
Vexc(t)
t
∆
,〈I (t)〉
[Fève et al., Science 316, 1169 (’07); Mahé et al., PRB 82,201309 (’10)]
4 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
HOM interferometry
Electrons
anti-bunchingeffect of interactions ?
Photons
bunching
5 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
HOM interferometry
Electrons
anti-bunchingeffect of interactions ?
Photons
bunching
5 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
HOM interferometry
Electrons
anti-bunchingeffect of interactions ?
Photons
bunching
5 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
HOM interferometry
Electrons
anti-bunching
effect of interactions ?
Photons
bunching
5 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
HOM interferometry
Electrons
ν = 2
anti-bunching
effect of interactions ?
Photons
bunching
5 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
HOM interferometry
Electrons
ν = 2
anti-bunchingeffect of interactions ?
Photons
bunching
5 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Table of Contents
1 Non-interacting picture
2 Charge fractionalization
3 Interferometry at ν = 2
6 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Table of Contents
1 Non-interacting picture
2 Charge fractionalization
3 Interferometry at ν = 2
7 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
HOM experiment with photons
Interference experimentnon-linear crystal generatesphoton pairs
[Hong, Ou and Mandel, PRL 59, 2044 (’87)]
Coincidence rateHOM dip is observed at 0time delay
signatures of incoming wavepackets
8 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
HOM experiment with photons
Interference experimentnon-linear crystal generatesphoton pairs
[Hong, Ou and Mandel, PRL 59, 2044 (’87)]
Coincidence rateHOM dip is observed at 0time delay
signatures of incoming wavepackets
8 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
HOM with electrons
Setup2 single electron sources
counter-propagatingchannels coupled at QPC
I outR
I outL
Zero-frequency cross-correlations
SoutRL =
∫dtdt ′
[〈I out
R (x, t)I outL (x ′, t ′)〉 − 〈I out
R (x, t)〉〈I outL (x ′, t ′)〉
]
9 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
HOM with electrons
Setup2 single electron sources
counter-propagatingchannels coupled at QPC
I outR
I outL
Zero-frequency cross-correlations
SoutRL =
∫dtdt ′
[〈I out
R (x, t)I outL (x ′, t ′)〉 − 〈I out
R (x, t)〉〈I outL (x ′, t ′)〉
]
9 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
HOM with electrons
Setup2 single electron sources
counter-propagatingchannels coupled at QPC
Differences with photonsfermionic statistics: Fermisea, holes, ...
thermal effects
Coulomb interaction
Zero-frequency cross-correlations
SoutRL =
∫dtdt ′
[〈I out
R (x, t)I outL (x ′, t ′)〉 − 〈I out
R (x, t)〉〈I outL (x ′, t ′)〉
]
9 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Filling factor ν = 1[Jonckheere et al., Phys. Rev. B 86, 125425 (’12)]
−120 −100 −80 −60 −40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 1200
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
δT
SH
OM/2S
HB
T
D = 0.2D = 0.5D = 0.8
Collision of identical wave-packetsLarge δT2SHBT < 0 → Hanbury-Brown andTwiss
δT = 0SHOM(0) = 0 → Pauli dip
∆t
H L
-100 -50 0 50 100
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
∆t
SHOM H∆t L
2 SHBT
D1 = 0.2D2 = 0.5
D1 = 0.1D2 = 0.8
Different packets → asymmetry0 100 200 300 400
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
∆t
SHOM H∆t L
2 SHBT
Ε
V=V+
EFΕ
V=V-
EF
ε = 0
ε = ∆/2
Electron-hole collision → peak
10 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Filling factor ν = 1[Jonckheere et al., Phys. Rev. B 86, 125425 (’12)]
−120 −100 −80 −60 −40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 1200
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
δT
SH
OM/2S
HB
T
D = 0.2D = 0.5D = 0.8
Collision of identical wave-packetsLarge δT2SHBT < 0 → Hanbury-Brown andTwiss
δT = 0SHOM(0) = 0 → Pauli dip
∆t
H L
-100 -50 0 50 100
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
∆t
SHOM H∆t L
2 SHBT
D1 = 0.2D2 = 0.5
D1 = 0.1D2 = 0.8
Different packets → asymmetry0 100 200 300 400
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
∆t
SHOM H∆t L
2 SHBT
Ε
V=V+
EFΕ
V=V-
EF
ε = 0
ε = ∆/2
Electron-hole collision → peak
10 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Filling factor ν = 1[Jonckheere et al., Phys. Rev. B 86, 125425 (’12)]
−120 −100 −80 −60 −40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 1200
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
δT
SH
OM/2S
HB
T
D = 0.2D = 0.5D = 0.8
Collision of identical wave-packetsLarge δT2SHBT < 0 → Hanbury-Brown andTwiss
δT = 0SHOM(0) = 0 → Pauli dip
∆t
H L
-100 -50 0 50 100
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
∆t
SHOM H∆t L
2 SHBT
D1 = 0.2D2 = 0.5
D1 = 0.1D2 = 0.8
Different packets → asymmetry
0 100 200 300 400
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
∆t
SHOM H∆t L
2 SHBT
Ε
V=V+
EFΕ
V=V-
EF
ε = 0
ε = ∆/2
Electron-hole collision → peak
10 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Filling factor ν = 1[Jonckheere et al., Phys. Rev. B 86, 125425 (’12)]
−120 −100 −80 −60 −40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 1200
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
δT
SH
OM/2S
HB
T
D = 0.2D = 0.5D = 0.8
Collision of identical wave-packetsLarge δT2SHBT < 0 → Hanbury-Brown andTwiss
δT = 0SHOM(0) = 0 → Pauli dip
∆t
H L
-100 -50 0 50 100
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
∆t
SHOM H∆t L
2 SHBT
D1 = 0.2D2 = 0.5
D1 = 0.1D2 = 0.8
Different packets → asymmetry0 100 200 300 400
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
∆t
SHOM H∆t L
2 SHBT
Ε
V=V+
EFΕ
V=V-
EF
ε = 0
ε = ∆/2
Electron-hole collision → peak
10 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
HOM with electrons: experimental results
Experimental setup[Bocquillon et al., Science 339, 1054 (’13)]
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Results12
Time delay ⌧ [ps]
Correlations�q
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Random par**oning
Pauli dip
FIG. 3: Excess noise ∆q between both sources switched on and both sources switched off as a function
of the delay τ . The noise values are normalized by the value on the plateau observed for long delays. The
blurry blue line represents the sum of the partition noise of both sources. The blue trace is an exponential
fit by ∆q = 1− γe−|t−τ0|/τe . The red trace is obtained using Floquet scattering theory.
Pauli dipSHOM(0) 6= 0
Decoherence at ν = 2!!
11 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
HOM with electrons: experimental results
Experimental setup[Bocquillon et al., Science 339, 1054 (’13)]
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Results12
Time delay ⌧ [ps]
Correlation
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Random par**oning
Pauli dip
FIG. 3: Excess noise ∆q between both sources switched on and both sources switched off as a function
of the delay τ . The noise values are normalized by the value on the plateau observed for long delays. The
blurry blue line represents the sum of the partition noise of both sources. The blue trace is an exponential
fit by ∆q = 1− γe−|t−τ0|/τe . The red trace is obtained using Floquet scattering theory.
Pauli dipSHOM(0) 6= 0
Decoherence at ν = 2!!
11 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
HOM with electrons: experimental results
Experimental setup[Bocquillon et al., Science 339, 1054 (’13)]
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Results12
Time delay ⌧ [ps]
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Random par**oning
Pauli dip
FIG. 3: Excess noise ∆q between both sources switched on and both sources switched off as a function
of the delay τ . The noise values are normalized by the value on the plateau observed for long delays. The
blurry blue line represents the sum of the partition noise of both sources. The blue trace is an exponential
fit by ∆q = 1− γe−|t−τ0|/τe . The red trace is obtained using Floquet scattering theory.
Pauli dipSHOM(0) 6= 0
Decoherence at ν = 2!!
11 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Beyond ν = 1: interactions!
between counter-propagatingchannels, near the QPC
strong interactions within achannel: Fractional QHE
between co-propagating channelsat filling ν = 2
interactin
g region
(work in progress)
(this talk)
injection
propagation
tunneling
ν = 2
prepared state |φ〉
bosonized H(+ diagonalization)
scattering matrix
Bosonization Keldysh
12 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Beyond ν = 1: interactions!
between counter-propagatingchannels, near the QPC
strong interactions within achannel: Fractional QHE
between co-propagating channelsat filling ν = 2
(to be published)
(this talk)
injection
propagation
tunneling
ν = 2
prepared state |φ〉
bosonized H(+ diagonalization)
scattering matrix
Bosonization Keldysh
12 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Beyond ν = 1: interactions!between counter-propagatingchannels, near the QPC
strong interactions within achannel: Fractional QHE
between co-propagating channelsat filling ν = 2
(this talk)
→ known to be present in the experimental setup!
injection
propagation
tunneling
ν = 2
prepared state |φ〉
bosonized H(+ diagonalization)
scattering matrix
Bosonization Keldysh
12 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Beyond ν = 1: interactions!
between counter-propagatingchannels, near the QPC
strong interactions within achannel: Fractional QHE
between co-propagating channelsat filling ν = 2
(this talk)
injection
propagation
tunneling
ν = 2
prepared state |φ〉
bosonized H(+ diagonalization)
scattering matrix
Bosonization Keldysh
12 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Beyond ν = 1: interactions!
between counter-propagatingchannels, near the QPC
strong interactions within achannel: Fractional QHE
between co-propagating channelsat filling ν = 2
(this talk)
injection
propagation
tunneling
ν = 2
prepared state |φ〉
bosonized H(+ diagonalization)
scattering matrix
Bosonization Keldysh
12 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Beyond ν = 1: interactions!
between counter-propagatingchannels, near the QPC
strong interactions within achannel: Fractional QHE
between co-propagating channelsat filling ν = 2
(this talk)
injection
propagation
tunneling
ν = 2
prepared state |φ〉
bosonized H(+ diagonalization)
scattering matrix
Bosonization Keldysh
12 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Table of Contents
1 Non-interacting picture
2 Charge fractionalization
3 Interferometry at ν = 2
13 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Injecting a single electron
|φR〉 =∫
dxϕR(x)ψ†1,R(x − L, 0)|0〉
∫dxϕ(x)ψ†(x)
prepared state |φR〉
Exponential packetϕR(x) =
√2Γeiε0xeΓxθ(−x)
wide in energy spaceγ = ε0/Γ = 1ε0 = 175mK
energy-resolvedγ = 8ε0 = 0.7K
14 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Injecting a single electron
|φR〉 =∫
dxϕR(x)ψ†1,R(x − L, 0)|0〉
∫dxϕ(x)ψ†(x)
prepared state |φR〉
Exponential packetϕR(x) =
√2Γeiε0xeΓxθ(−x)
wide in energy spaceγ = ε0/Γ = 1ε0 = 175mK
energy-resolvedγ = 8ε0 = 0.7K
14 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Injecting a single electron
|φR〉 =∫
dxϕR(x)ψ†1,R(x − L, 0)|0〉
∫dxϕ(x)ψ†(x)
prepared state |φR〉
Exponential packetϕR(x) =
√2Γeiε0xeΓxθ(−x)
wide in energy spaceγ = ε0/Γ = 1ε0 = 175mK
energy-resolvedγ = 8ε0 = 0.7K
14 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Injecting a single electron
|φR〉 =∫
dxϕR(x)ψ†1,R(x − L, 0)|0〉
Exponential packetϕR(x) =
√2Γeiε0xeΓxθ(−x)
wide in energy spaceγ = ε0/Γ = 1ε0 = 175mK
energy-resolvedγ = 8ε0 = 0.7K
14 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Injecting a single electron
|φR〉 =∫
dxϕR(x)ψ†1,R(x − L, 0)|0〉
−1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 20
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
ε0 = 0.175K
ε(K)
|ϕ̂L
(ε)|2
−1 0 1 2 3 4 5
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
x(µm)
|ϕL
(x)|2
Exponential packetϕR(x) =
√2Γeiε0xeΓxθ(−x)
wide in energy spaceγ = ε0/Γ = 1ε0 = 175mK
energy-resolvedγ = 8ε0 = 0.7K
14 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Injecting a single electron
|φR〉 =∫
dxϕR(x)ψ†1,R(x − L, 0)|0〉
−1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 20
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
ε0 = 0.7K
ε(K)
|ϕ̂L
(ε)|2
−1 0 1 2 3 4 5
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
x(µm)
|ϕL
(x)|2
Exponential packetϕR(x) =
√2Γeiε0xeΓxθ(−x)
wide in energy spaceγ = ε0/Γ = 1ε0 = 175mK
energy-resolvedγ = 8ε0 = 0.7K
14 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Bosonization frameworkFinite temperature: Θ = 0.1K
one outer and one inner (j = 1, 2) channels per edge (r = R,L):
r = R
r = L
j = 1
j = 2
j = 2
j = 1
Bosonization identity:
ψj,r(x, t) = Ur√2πa
eiφj,r (x,t)
Ur : Klein factora: short-distance cutoffφj,r : chiral bosonic field
J. von Delft and H. Schoeller, Annalen Phys., 1998
15 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
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Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Bosonization frameworkFinite temperature: Θ = 0.1Kone outer and one inner (j = 1, 2) channels per edge (r = R,L):
r = R
r = L
j = 1
j = 2
j = 2
j = 1
Bosonization identity:
ψj,r(x, t) = Ur√2πa
eiφj,r (x,t)
Ur : Klein factora: short-distance cutoffφj,r : chiral bosonic field
J. von Delft and H. Schoeller, Annalen Phys., 1998
15 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Bosonization frameworkFinite temperature: Θ = 0.1Kone outer and one inner (j = 1, 2) channels per edge (r = R,L):
r = R
r = L
j = 1
j = 2
j = 2
j = 1
Bosonization identity:
ψj,r(x, t) = Ur√2πa
eiφj,r (x,t)
Ur : Klein factora: short-distance cutoffφj,r : chiral bosonic field
J. von Delft and H. Schoeller, Annalen Phys., 1998
15 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Bosonization frameworkFinite temperature: Θ = 0.1Kone outer and one inner (j = 1, 2) channels per edge (r = R,L):
r = R
r = L
j = 1
j = 2
j = 2
j = 1
Bosonization identity:
ψj,r(x, t) = Ur√2πa
eiφj,r (x,t)Ur : Klein factor
a: short-distance cutoffφj,r : chiral bosonic field
J. von Delft and H. Schoeller, Annalen Phys., 1998
15 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Bosonization frameworkFinite temperature: Θ = 0.1Kone outer and one inner (j = 1, 2) channels per edge (r = R,L):
r = R
r = L
j = 1
j = 2
j = 2
j = 1
Bosonization identity:
ψj,r(x, t) = Ur√2πa
eiφj,r (x,t)Ur : Klein factora: short-distance cutoff
φj,r : chiral bosonic field
J. von Delft and H. Schoeller, Annalen Phys., 1998
15 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Bosonization frameworkFinite temperature: Θ = 0.1Kone outer and one inner (j = 1, 2) channels per edge (r = R,L):
r = R
r = L
j = 1
j = 2
j = 2
j = 1
Bosonization identity:
ψj,r(x, t) = Ur√2πa
eiφj,r (x,t)Ur : Klein factora: short-distance cutoffφj,r : chiral bosonic field
J. von Delft and H. Schoeller, Annalen Phys., 1998
15 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Hamiltonian
Propagation along the edges:
Hkin = ~π
∑r=R,L
∫dx v1 (∂xφ1,r)2 + v2 (∂xφ2,r)2
Intra-channel interaction:
Hintra = ~π
U∑
r=R,L
∑j=1,2
∫dx(∂xφj,r)2
Inter-channel interaction:
Hinter = 2~π
u∑
r=R,L
∫dx(∂xφ1,r)(∂xφ2,r)
parameters0 ≤ u ≤ UU & vF
16 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Hamiltonian
Propagation along the edges:
Hkin = ~π
∑r=R,L
∫dx v1 (∂xφ1,r)2 + v2 (∂xφ2,r)2
Intra-channel interaction:
Hintra = ~π
U∑
r=R,L
∑j=1,2
∫dx(∂xφj,r)2
Inter-channel interaction:
Hinter = 2~π
u∑
r=R,L
∫dx(∂xφ1,r)(∂xφ2,r)
parameters0 ≤ u ≤ UU & vF
16 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Hamiltonian
Propagation along the edges:
Hkin = ~π
∑r=R,L
∫dx v1 (∂xφ1,r)2 + v2 (∂xφ2,r)2
Intra-channel interaction:
Hintra = ~π
U∑
r=R,L
∑j=1,2
∫dx(∂xφj,r)2
Inter-channel interaction:
Hinter = 2~π
u∑
r=R,L
∫dx(∂xφ1,r)(∂xφ2,r)
parameters0 ≤ u ≤ UU & vF
16 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Hamiltonian
Propagation along the edges:
Hkin = ~π
∑r=R,L
∫dx v1 (∂xφ1,r)2 + v2 (∂xφ2,r)2
Intra-channel interaction:
Hintra = ~π
U∑
r=R,L
∑j=1,2
∫dx(∂xφj,r)2
Inter-channel interaction:
Hinter = 2~π
u∑
r=R,L
∫dx(∂xφ1,r)(∂xφ2,r)
parameters0 ≤ u ≤ UU & vF
16 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Mixing angle θ
H = ~π
∑r=R,L
∑j
(vj + U )(∂xφj,r)2 + 2u(∂xφ1,r)(∂xφ2,r)
Diagonalization Ù Mixing angle θ: tan(2θ) = 2u/(v1 − v2)Eigenmodes φ+,r and φ−,r
Eigenvelocities v±
No coupling: θ = 0φ+,r = φ1,rφ−,r = φ2,rv+ = v1 + Uv− = v2 + U
Strong coupling: θ = π/4φ+,r =
√2/2(φ1,r + φ2,r)
φ−,r =√2/2(φ1,r − φ2,r)
v1 = v2 = vFv± = vF + U ± u
17 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Mixing angle θ
H = ~π
∑r=R,L
∑j
(vj + U )(∂xφj,r)2 + 2u(∂xφ1,r)(∂xφ2,r)
Diagonalization Ù Mixing angle θ: tan(2θ) = 2u/(v1 − v2)
Eigenmodes φ+,r and φ−,r
Eigenvelocities v±
No coupling: θ = 0φ+,r = φ1,rφ−,r = φ2,rv+ = v1 + Uv− = v2 + U
Strong coupling: θ = π/4φ+,r =
√2/2(φ1,r + φ2,r)
φ−,r =√2/2(φ1,r − φ2,r)
v1 = v2 = vFv± = vF + U ± u
17 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Mixing angle θ
H = ~π
∑r=R,L
∑j
(vj + U )(∂xφj,r)2 + 2u(∂xφ1,r)(∂xφ2,r)
Diagonalization Ù Mixing angle θ: tan(2θ) = 2u/(v1 − v2)Eigenmodes φ+,r and φ−,r
Eigenvelocities v±
φ+,r = sin θφ1,r + cos θφ2,r
φ−,r = cos θφ1,r − sin θφ2,r
No coupling: θ = 0φ+,r = φ1,rφ−,r = φ2,rv+ = v1 + Uv− = v2 + U
Strong coupling: θ = π/4φ+,r =
√2/2(φ1,r + φ2,r)
φ−,r =√2/2(φ1,r − φ2,r)
v1 = v2 = vFv± = vF + U ± u
17 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Mixing angle θ
H = ~π
∑r=R,L
∑j
(vj + U )(∂xφj,r)2 + 2u(∂xφ1,r)(∂xφ2,r)
Diagonalization Ù Mixing angle θ: tan(2θ) = 2u/(v1 − v2)Eigenmodes φ+,r and φ−,r
Eigenvelocities v±
v± = v1 + v2 + 2U2 ±
√(v1 − v2)2
4 + u2
No coupling: θ = 0φ+,r = φ1,rφ−,r = φ2,rv+ = v1 + Uv− = v2 + U
Strong coupling: θ = π/4φ+,r =
√2/2(φ1,r + φ2,r)
φ−,r =√2/2(φ1,r − φ2,r)
v1 = v2 = vFv± = vF + U ± u
17 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Mixing angle θ
H = ~π
∑r=R,L
[v+(∂xφ+,r)2 + v−(∂xφ−,r)2
]
Diagonalization Ù Mixing angle θ: tan(2θ) = 2u/(v1 − v2)Eigenmodes φ+,r and φ−,r
Eigenvelocities v±
No coupling: θ = 0φ+,r = φ1,rφ−,r = φ2,rv+ = v1 + Uv− = v2 + U
Strong coupling: θ = π/4φ+,r =
√2/2(φ1,r + φ2,r)
φ−,r =√2/2(φ1,r − φ2,r)
v1 = v2 = vFv± = vF + U ± u
17 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Mixing angle θ
H = ~π
∑r=R,L
[v+(∂xφ+,r)2 + v−(∂xφ−,r)2
]
Diagonalization Ù Mixing angle θ: tan(2θ) = 2u/(v1 − v2)Eigenmodes φ+,r and φ−,r
Eigenvelocities v±
No coupling: θ = 0φ+,r = φ1,rφ−,r = φ2,rv+ = v1 + Uv− = v2 + U
Strong coupling: θ = π/4φ+,r =
√2/2(φ1,r + φ2,r)
φ−,r =√2/2(φ1,r − φ2,r)
v1 = v2 = vFv± = vF + U ± u
17 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Mixing angle θ
H = ~π
∑r=R,L
[v+(∂xφ+,r)2 + v−(∂xφ−,r)2
]
Diagonalization Ù Mixing angle θ: tan(2θ) = 2u/(v1 − v2)Eigenmodes φ+,r and φ−,r
Eigenvelocities v±
No coupling: θ = 0φ+,r = φ1,rφ−,r = φ2,rv+ = v1 + Uv− = v2 + U
Strong coupling: θ = π/4φ+,r =
√2/2(φ1,r + φ2,r)
φ−,r =√2/2(φ1,r − φ2,r)
v1 = v2 = vFv± = vF + U ± u
17 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Charge fractionalization
qs,L(x, t) = e/π〈∂xφs,L(x, t)〉φL
Outer injection
q2,L
10 15 20−0.200.2q1,L
x(µm)
fast charged mode: ⊕ ⊕slow neutral mode: ⊕
E. Berg et al., PRL 102 (2009) P. Degiovanni et al., PRB 81 (2010)
18 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Charge fractionalization
qs,L(x, t) = e/π〈∂xφs,L(x, t)〉φL
Outer injection
q2,L
10 15 20−0.200.2q1,L
x(µm)
fast charged mode: ⊕ ⊕slow neutral mode: ⊕
E. Berg et al., PRL 102 (2009) P. Degiovanni et al., PRB 81 (2010)
18 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Charge fractionalization
qs,L(x, t) = e/π〈∂xφs,L(x, t)〉φL
Outer injection
+ −q2,L
10 15 20−0.200.2
+ + q1,L
x(µm)
fast charged mode: ⊕ ⊕slow neutral mode: ⊕
E. Berg et al., PRL 102 (2009) P. Degiovanni et al., PRB 81 (2010)
18 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Charge fractionalization
qs,L(x, t) = e/π〈∂xφs,L(x, t)〉φL
Outer injection
+ −q2,L
10 15 20−0.200.2
+ + q1,L
x(µm)
fast charged mode: ⊕ ⊕
slow neutral mode: ⊕
E. Berg et al., PRL 102 (2009) P. Degiovanni et al., PRB 81 (2010)
18 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Charge fractionalization
qs,L(x, t) = e/π〈∂xφs,L(x, t)〉φL
Outer injection
+ −q2,L
10 15 20−0.200.2
+ + q1,L
x(µm)
fast charged mode: ⊕ ⊕slow neutral mode: ⊕
E. Berg et al., PRL 102 (2009) P. Degiovanni et al., PRB 81 (2010)
18 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Table of Contents
1 Non-interacting picture
2 Charge fractionalization
3 Interferometry at ν = 2
19 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
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Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
HBT setup
setup 1
coupling at QPC: channels 1
setup 2
channels 2
S =∫
dtdt ′〈Is(t)Is(t ′)〉 − 〈Is(t)〉〈Is(t ′)〉averages performed on |φL〉
⊗ |φR〉
H. Lee and L. Levitov, arXiv:cond-mat/9312013 (1993)
G. Burkard and D. Loss, PRL 91 (2003)Ol’khovskaya et al., PRL 101 (2008)
20 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
HBT setup
setup 1
I1
I2 + −q2,L
10 15 20−0.200.2
+ + q1,L
x(µm)
coupling at QPC: channels 1
setup 2
channels 2
S =∫
dtdt ′〈Is(t)Is(t ′)〉 − 〈Is(t)〉〈Is(t ′)〉averages performed on |φL〉
⊗ |φR〉
H. Lee and L. Levitov, arXiv:cond-mat/9312013 (1993)
G. Burkard and D. Loss, PRL 91 (2003)Ol’khovskaya et al., PRL 101 (2008)
20 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
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Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
HBT setup
setup 1
I1
I2 + −q2,L
10 15 20−0.200.2
+ + q1,L
x(µm)
coupling at QPC: channels 1
setup 2
I1
I2 + −q2,L
10 15 20−0.200.2
+ + q1,L
x(µm)
channels 2
S =∫
dtdt ′〈Is(t)Is(t ′)〉 − 〈Is(t)〉〈Is(t ′)〉averages performed on |φL〉
⊗ |φR〉
H. Lee and L. Levitov, arXiv:cond-mat/9312013 (1993)
G. Burkard and D. Loss, PRL 91 (2003)Ol’khovskaya et al., PRL 101 (2008)
20 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
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Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
HBT setup
setup 1
I1
I2 + −q2,L
10 15 20−0.200.2
+ + q1,L
x(µm)
coupling at QPC: channels 1
setup 2
I1
I2 + −q2,L
10 15 20−0.200.2
+ + q1,L
x(µm)
channels 2
SHBT =∫
dtdt ′〈Is(t)Is(t ′)〉 − 〈Is(t)〉〈Is(t ′)〉averages performed on |φL〉
⊗ |φR〉
H. Lee and L. Levitov, arXiv:cond-mat/9312013 (1993)
G. Burkard and D. Loss, PRL 91 (2003)Ol’khovskaya et al., PRL 101 (2008)
20 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
HOM setup
setup 1
I1
I2 + −q2,L
10 15 20−0.200.2
+ + q1,L
x(µm)
coupling at QPC: channels 1
setup 2
I1
I2 + −q2,L
10 15 20−0.200.2
+ + q1,L
x(µm)
channels 2
SHOM =∫
dtdt ′〈Is(t)Is(t ′)〉 − 〈Is(t)〉〈Is(t ′)〉averages performed on |φL〉 ⊗ |φR〉G. Burkard and D. Loss, PRL 91 (2003)Ol’khovskaya et al., PRL 101 (2008)
20 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
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Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Performing the calculation
Quantity of interestSHBT and SHOM
Operators involvedIs,r(x, t)
I outs,r (x, t)
I outs,r (0, t)
ψs,rout
(0, t)
ψs,rin
(0, t)
φins,r(0, t)
φin±,r(0, t)
Linear dispersion
Electric current
Scattering matrix
Bosonization
Diagonalization
ψs,rin
(0, t) = Ur√2πa expiφin
s,r (0,t)
21 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Performing the calculation
Quantity of interestSHBT and SHOM
Operators involvedIs,r(x, t)
I outs,r (x, t)
I outs,r (0, t)
ψs,rout
(0, t)
ψs,rin
(0, t)
φins,r(0, t)
φin±,r(0, t)
Linear dispersion
Electric current
Scattering matrix
Bosonization
Diagonalization
∫dt I out
s,r (x, t) =∫
dt I outs,r (0, t)
ψs,rin
(0, t) = Ur√2πa expiφin
s,r (0,t)
21 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Performing the calculation
Quantity of interestSHBT and SHOM
Operators involvedIs,r(x, t)
I outs,r (x, t)
I outs,r (0, t)
ψs,rout
(0, t)
ψs,rin
(0, t)
φins,r(0, t)
φin±,r(0, t)
Linear dispersion
Electric current
Scattering matrix
Bosonization
Diagonalization
I outs,r (0, t) = −ev : ψ†s,r
out(0, t)ψs,r
out(0, t) :
ψs,rin
(0, t) = Ur√2πa expiφin
s,r (0,t)
21 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Performing the calculation
Quantity of interestSHBT and SHOM
Operators involvedIs,r(x, t)
I outs,r (x, t)
I outs,r (0, t)
ψs,rout
(0, t)
ψs,rin
(0, t)
φins,r(0, t)
φin±,r(0, t)
Linear dispersion
Electric current
Scattering matrix
Bosonization
Diagonalization
(ψs,R(0, t)ψs,L(0, t)
)out
=(√T i
√R
i√R√T
)(ψs,R(0, t)ψs,L(0, t)
)in
ψs,rin
(0, t) = Ur√2πa expiφin
s,r (0,t)
21 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Performing the calculation
Quantity of interestSHBT and SHOM
Operators involvedIs,r(x, t)
I outs,r (x, t)
I outs,r (0, t)
ψs,rout
(0, t)
ψs,rin
(0, t)
φins,r(0, t)
φin±,r(0, t)
Linear dispersion
Electric current
Scattering matrix
Bosonization
Diagonalization
ψs,rin
(0, t) = Ur√2πa expiφin
s,r (0,t)
21 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
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Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Performing the calculation
Quantity of interestSHBT and SHOM
Operators involvedIs,r(x, t)
I outs,r (x, t)
I outs,r (0, t)
ψs,rout
(0, t)
ψs,rin
(0, t)
φins,r(0, t)
φin±,r(0, t)
Linear dispersion
Electric current
Scattering matrix
Bosonization
Diagonalization
ψs,rin
(0, t) = Ur√2πa expiφin
s,r (0,t)
21 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
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Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Performing the calculation
Quantity of interestSHBT and SHOM
Operators involvedIs,r(x, t) → φin
±,r(0, t)
I outs,r (x, t)
I outs,r (0, t)
ψs,rout
(0, t)
ψs,rin
(0, t)
φins,r(0, t)
φin±,r(0, t)
Linear dispersion
Electric current
Scattering matrix
Bosonization
Diagonalization
ψs,rin
(0, t) = Ur√2πa expiφin
s,r (0,t)
21 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
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Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
HBT Result
SHBT = − 2e2RT(2πa)3N Re
{∫dyLdzL ϕL(yL)ϕ∗L(zL)g(0, zL − yL)∫
dt dτ Re[g(τ, 0)2
] [ hs(t; yL + L, zL + L)hs(t + τ ; yL + L, zL + L) − 1
]}(1)
g(t, x) =
sinh(i πaβv+
)sinh
(ia+v+t−xβv+/π
) sinh(i πaβv−
)sinh
(ia+v−t−xβv−/π
)1/2
hs(t; x, y) =
sinh(
ia−v+t+xβv+/π
)sinh
(ia+v+t−yβv+/π
)
12sinh
(ia−v−t+xβv−/π
)sinh
(ia+v−t−yβv−/π
)
32−s
22 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
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Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
HBT Result
SHBT = − 2e2RT(2πa)3N Re
{∫dyLdzL ϕL(yL)ϕ∗L(zL)g(0, zL − yL)∫
dt dτ Re[g(τ, 0)2
] [ hs(t; yL + L, zL + L)hs(t + τ ; yL + L, zL + L) − 1
]}(1)
N = 〈φL|φL〉
g(t, x) =
sinh(i πaβv+
)sinh
(ia+v+t−xβv+/π
) sinh(i πaβv−
)sinh
(ia+v−t−xβv−/π
)1/2
hs(t; x, y) =
sinh(
ia−v+t+xβv+/π
)sinh
(ia+v+t−yβv+/π
)
12sinh
(ia−v−t+xβv−/π
)sinh
(ia+v−t−yβv−/π
)
32−s
22 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
HBT Result
SHBT = − 2e2RT(2πa)3N Re
{∫dyLdzL ϕL(yL)ϕ∗L(zL)g(0, zL − yL)∫
dt dτ Re[g(τ, 0)2
] [ hs(t; yL + L, zL + L)hs(t + τ ; yL + L, zL + L) − 1
]}(1)
g(t, x) =
sinh(i πaβv+
)sinh
(ia+v+t−xβv+/π
) sinh(i πaβv−
)sinh
(ia+v−t−xβv−/π
)1/2
hs(t; x, y) =
sinh(
ia−v+t+xβv+/π
)sinh
(ia+v+t−yβv+/π
)
12sinh
(ia−v−t+xβv−/π
)sinh
(ia+v−t−yβv−/π
)
32−s
22 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
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Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
HOM Result
SHOM(δT ) = − 2e2RT(2πa)4N Re
{∫dyLdzL ϕL(yL)ϕ∗L(zL)g(0, zL − yL)
×∫
dyRdzR ϕR(yR)ϕ∗R(zR)g(0, yR − zR)∫
dτ Re[g(τ, 0)2
]×∫
dt[ hs(t; yL + L, zL + L)
hs(t + τ ; yL + L, zL + L)hs(t + τ − δT ; L − yR,L − zR)
hs(t − δT ; L − yR,L − zR) − 1]}
(2)
23 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
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Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
HOM Result
SHOM(δT ) = − 2e2RT(2πa)4N Re
{∫dyLdzL ϕL(yL)ϕ∗L(zL)g(0, zL − yL)
×∫
dyRdzR ϕR(yR)ϕ∗R(zR)g(0, yR − zR)∫
dτ Re[g(τ, 0)2
]×∫
dt[ hs(t; yL + L, zL + L)
hs(t + τ ; yL + L, zL + L)hs(t + τ − δT ; L − yR,L − zR)
hs(t − δT ; L − yR,L − zR) − 1]}
(2)
N = 〈φL|φL〉〈φR|φR〉
23 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
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Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
HOM Result
SHOM(δT ) = − 2e2RT(2πa)4N Re
{∫dyLdzL ϕL(yL)ϕ∗L(zL)g(0, zL − yL)
×∫
dyRdzR ϕR(yR)ϕ∗R(zR)g(0, yR − zR)∫
dτ Re[g(τ, 0)2
]×∫
dt[ hs(t; yL + L, zL + L)
hs(t + τ ; yL + L, zL + L)hs(t + τ − δT ; L − yR,L − zR)
hs(t − δT ; L − yR,L − zR) − 1]}
(2)
Numerics: quasi Monte Carlo algorithm
T. Hahn, Comput. Phys. Commun., 2005
23 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
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Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Interferometry
Setup 1 Setup 2
δT = 0Pauli dip Pauli dip
δT = +2Lu/(1− u2)SHBT + asymmetric dip SHBT + asymmetric peak
δT = −2Lu/(1− u2)SHBT + asymmetric dip SHBT + asymmetric peak
24 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
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Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Interferometry
Setup 1 Setup 2
δT = 0
Pauli dip Pauli dip
δT = +2Lu/(1− u2)SHBT + asymmetric dip SHBT + asymmetric peak
δT = −2Lu/(1− u2)SHBT + asymmetric dip SHBT + asymmetric peak
24 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Interferometry
Setup 1 Setup 2
δT = 0Pauli dip
Pauli dip
δT = +2Lu/(1− u2)SHBT + asymmetric dip SHBT + asymmetric peak
δT = −2Lu/(1− u2)SHBT + asymmetric dip SHBT + asymmetric peak
24 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Interferometry
Setup 1 Setup 2
δT = 0Pauli dip Pauli dip
δT = +2Lu/(1− u2)SHBT + asymmetric dip SHBT + asymmetric peak
δT = −2Lu/(1− u2)SHBT + asymmetric dip SHBT + asymmetric peak
24 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Interferometry
Setup 1 Setup 2
δT = 0Pauli dip Pauli dip
δT = +2Lu/(1− u2)
SHBT + asymmetric dip SHBT + asymmetric peak
δT = −2Lu/(1− u2)SHBT + asymmetric dip SHBT + asymmetric peak
24 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Interferometry
Setup 1 Setup 2
δT = 0Pauli dip Pauli dip
δT = +2Lu/(1− u2)SHBT + asymmetric dip
SHBT + asymmetric peak
δT = −2Lu/(1− u2)SHBT + asymmetric dip SHBT + asymmetric peak
24 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Interferometry
Setup 1 Setup 2
δT = 0Pauli dip Pauli dip
δT = +2Lu/(1− u2)SHBT + asymmetric dip SHBT + asymmetric peak
δT = −2Lu/(1− u2)SHBT + asymmetric dip SHBT + asymmetric peak
24 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Interferometry
Setup 1 Setup 2
δT = 0Pauli dip Pauli dip
δT = +2Lu/(1− u2)SHBT + asymmetric dip SHBT + asymmetric peak
δT = −2Lu/(1− u2)SHBT + asymmetric dip SHBT + asymmetric peak
24 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Wide Packets: Setup 1
Wide packets in energyε0 = 175mK γ = 1
−0.6 −0.4 −0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.60
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
12|SHBT|
δT (ns)
|SH
OM
(δT
)|(e2RT
)
L = 5µmL = 2.5µm
setup 1
SHOM(0) 6= 0
velocity mismatch:asymmetry +loss of contrast
25 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
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Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Wide Packets: Setup 1
Wide packets in energyε0 = 175mK γ = 1
−0.6 −0.4 −0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.60
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
12|SHBT|
δT (ns)
|SH
OM
(δT
)|(e2RT
)
L = 5µmL = 2.5µm
setup 1
SHOM(0) 6= 0
velocity mismatch:asymmetry +loss of contrast
25 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
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Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Wide Packets: Setup 1
Wide packets in energyε0 = 175mK γ = 1
∆t
H L
-100 -50 0 50 100
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
∆t
SHOM H∆t L
2 SHBT
SHOM(0) 6= 0
velocity mismatch:asymmetry +loss of contrast
25 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
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Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Wide Packets: Setup 1
Wide packets in energyε0 = 175mK γ = 1
−0.6 −0.4 −0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.60
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
12|SHBT|
δT (ns)
|SH
OM
(δT
)|(e2RT
)
L = 5µmL = 2.5µm
setup 1
SHOM(0) 6= 0
velocity mismatch:asymmetry +loss of contrast
25 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Wide Packets: Setup 2
Wide packets in energyε0 = 175mK γ = 1
−0.6 −0.4 −0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.60
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
12|SHBT|
δT (ns)
|SH
OM
(δT
)|(e2RT
)
L = 5µmL = 2.5µm
setup 2
SHOM(0) 6= 0unchanged
side peaks:constructiveinterference
26 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
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Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Wide Packets: Setup 2
Wide packets in energyε0 = 175mK γ = 1
−0.6 −0.4 −0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.60
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
12|SHBT|
δT (ns)
|SH
OM
(δT
)|(e2RT
)
L = 5µmL = 2.5µm
setup 2
SHOM(0) 6= 0unchanged
side peaks:constructiveinterference
26 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
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Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Wide Packets: Setup 2
Wide packets in energyε0 = 175mK γ = 1
−0.6 −0.4 −0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.60
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
12|SHBT|
δT (ns)
|SH
OM
(δT
)|(e2RT
)
L = 5µmL = 2.5µm
setup 2
SHOM(0) 6= 0unchanged
side peaks:constructiveinterference
26 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
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Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Thin packets: Setups 1 and 2
Energy resolved packetsε0 = 0.7K γ = 8
−0.6 −0.4 −0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.60
0.5
1
1.52|SHBT|
δT (ns)
|SH
OM
(δT
)|(e2RT
)
L = 5µmL = 2.5µm
setup 1
dramatic loss ofcontrast!!agreement withexperiment
no peaks
27 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
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Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Thin packets: Setups 1 and 2
Energy resolved packetsε0 = 0.7K γ = 8
−0.6 −0.4 −0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.60
0.5
1
1.52|SHBT|
δT (ns)
|SH
OM
(δT
)|(e2RT
)
L = 5µmL = 2.5µm
setup 1
dramatic loss ofcontrast!!agreement withexperiment
no peaks
27 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
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Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Thin packets: Setups 1 and 2
Energy resolved packetsε0 = 0.7K γ = 8
−0.6 −0.4 −0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.60
0.5
1
1.52|SHBT|
δT (ns)
|SH
OM
(δT
)|(e2RT
)
L = 5µmL = 2.5µm
setup 2
dramatic loss ofcontrast!!agreement withexperiment
no peaks
27 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
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Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Electron-hole collision
Wide packets in energyε0 = ±175mK γ = 1
−0.6 −0.4 −0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.60
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
2|SHBT|
δT (ns)
|SH
OM
(δT
)|(e2RT
)
ε0 = 175mKγ = 1
L = 5µme-h setup1
⊕/→ constructive
⊕/⊕ or /→ destructive
⊕/ interferenceweaker
28 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
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Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Electron-hole collision
Wide packets in energyε0 = ±175mK γ = 1
−0.6 −0.4 −0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.60
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
2|SHBT|
δT (ns)
|SH
OM
(δT
)|(e2RT
)
ε0 = 175mKγ = 1
L = 5µme-h setup1
⊕/→ constructive
⊕/⊕ or /→ destructive
⊕/ interferenceweaker
28 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
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Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Electron-hole collision
Wide packets in energyε0 = ±175mK γ = 1
−0.6 −0.4 −0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.60
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
2|SHBT|
δT (ns)
|SH
OM
(δT
)|(e2RT
)
ε0 = 175mKγ = 1
L = 5µme-h setup1
e-h setup 2
⊕/→ constructive
⊕/⊕ or /→ destructive
⊕/ interferenceweaker
28 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
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Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Electron-hole collision
Wide packets in energyε0 = ±175mK γ = 1
−0.6 −0.4 −0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.60
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
2|SHBT|
δT (ns)
|SH
OM
(δT
)|(e2RT
)
ε0 = 175mKγ = 1
L = 5µme-h setup1
e-h setup 2
⊕/→ constructive
⊕/⊕ or /→ destructive
⊕/ interferenceweaker
28 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
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Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Electron-hole collision
Wide packets in energyε0 = ±175mK γ = 1
−0.6 −0.4 −0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.60
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
2|SHBT|
δT (ns)
|SH
OM
(δT
)|(e2RT
)
ε0 = 175mKγ = 1
L = 5µme-h setup1
e-h setup 2
⊕/→ constructive
⊕/⊕ or /→ destructive
⊕/ interferenceweaker
28 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
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Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Energy width dependency
I2
I1
−L L
escape timeτe = α/Γα = 3.85psK
parametersε0 = 0.7Kv+ = 2v−L = 2.45µm
Exponential packetϕR(x) =
√2Γeiε0xeΓxθ(−x)
Very good agreement!!
29 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
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Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Energy width dependency
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
τe(ps)
SH
OM
(δT
)/(2S
HB
T)(e2
RT
)
theorie
escape timeτe = α/Γα = 3.85psK
parametersε0 = 0.7Kv+ = 2v−L = 2.45µm
Exponential packetϕR(x) =
√2Γeiε0xeΓxθ(−x)
Very good agreement!!
29 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Energy width dependency
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
τe(ps)
SH
OM
(δT
)/(2S
HB
T)(e2
RT
)
theorie
experiment
escape timeτe = α/Γα = 3.85psK
parametersε0 = 0.7Kv+ = 2v−L = 2.45µm
Exponential packetϕR(x) =
√2Γeiε0xeΓxθ(−x)
Very good agreement!!
29 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
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Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Conclusion
Interactions account for the observed loss of contrast!
The contrast depends on the energy resolution and theinjection energy of the packet.
Fast and slow excitations interference → lateral dips/peaks
30 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Conclusion
Interactions account for the observed loss of contrast!
The contrast depends on the energy resolution and theinjection energy of the packet.
Fast and slow excitations interference → lateral dips/peaks
30 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Conclusion
Interactions account for the observed loss of contrast!
The contrast depends on the energy resolution and theinjection energy of the packet.
Fast and slow excitations interference → lateral dips/peaks
30 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N
Non-interacting picture Charge fractionalization Interferometry at ν = 2
Thank you for yourattention!!!
31 / 31Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
N