Stata Press Publication index Symbols β weights 278 η2226 φ 133 * comment 85 /* and */ comment 85...

10
Subject index Symbols β weights .......................... 278 η 2 ................................. 226 φ .................................. 133 * comment ......................... 85 /* and */ comment ................. 85 A acquiring datasets ............. 525–526 add, label define option ........... 2 agreement, intraclass correlation . . . 260 alpha reliability .................... 377 ameans command ................... 97 analysis of covariance ..... see ANCOVA analysis of variance ......... see ANOVA ANCOVA ...................... 237–248 ANOVA, degrees of freedom ............ 225 equal-variance test ............ 225 one-way .................. 219–220 one-way power analysis . . 232–234, 263–265 power analysis . . 232–234, 263–270 repeated-measures ............ 255 repeated-measures power analysis .............. 267–269 two-way .................. 249–255 two-way power analysis . . . 265–267 ANOVA assumptions ............... 220 ATS at UCLA ...................... 203 B bar chart ..................... 108, 350 bar graph of means ................ 231 Bartlett test of equal variances .... 225 beta weights .................. 210, 278 limitation ..................... 313 binary variables ................... 298 binscatter command .... 197–201, 317 block regression ............... 296–305 blog .................... see Stata Blog Bonferroni multiple-comparison test . . . .......... 207, 223 bookstore, Stata ................... 522 bootstrap estimation of standard errors ............. 288 bootstrap regression ............... 283 Boston College Stata site .......... 520 boundary characteristic curve. .505–506 box plot ...................... 118, 237 C case, changing ...................... 48 casewise deletion .................. 204 categorical covariates ......... 239, 243 categorical predictors, regression . . . 298 categorical variable ............ 305–306 cause and effect ................... 195 center command .................. 310 centering ...................... 321–322 chi-squared table .......................... 129 test ...................... 127, 353 chitable command ........... 129–131 clear command .................... 29 clonevar command ............... 458 cls command ...................... 16 codebook command ..... 44–45, 55–56, 138 codebook example ............... 25–28 coding system ................... 24–28 coefficient of variation ............. 117 Cohen’s d ............ 170–171, 175–182 Cohen’s f ................ 232–234, 263

Transcript of Stata Press Publication index Symbols β weights 278 η2226 φ 133 * comment 85 /* and */ comment 85...

Page 1: Stata Press Publication index Symbols β weights 278 η2226 φ 133 * comment 85 /* and */ comment 85 A acquiring datasets 525–526 add, label define option 2 agreement, intraclass

Subject index

Symbolsβ weights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278η2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226φ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133* comment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85/* and */ comment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85

Aacquiring datasets . . . . . . . . . . . . .525–526add, label define option . . . . . . . . . . . 2agreement, intraclass correlation . . . 260alpha reliability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .377ameans command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97analysis of covariance . . . . . see ANCOVA

analysis of variance. . . . . . . . .see ANOVA

ANCOVA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237–248ANOVA,

degrees of freedom . . . . . . . . . . . . 225equal-variance test . . . . . . . . . . . . 225one-way . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219–220one-way power analysis . . 232–234,

263–265power analysis . . 232–234, 263–270repeated-measures . . . . . . . . . . . . 255repeated-measures power

analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267–269two-way . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249–255two-way power analysis . . . 265–267

ANOVA assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220ATS at UCLA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

Bbar chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108, 350bar graph of means . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231Bartlett test of equal variances . . . . 225beta weights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210, 278

limitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

binary variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298binscatter command. . . .197–201, 317block regression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296–305blog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see Stata BlogBonferroni multiple-comparison test . . .

. . . . . . . . . . 207, 223bookstore, Stata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522bootstrap estimation of standard errors

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 288bootstrap regression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283Boston College Stata site . . . . . . . . . . 520boundary characteristic curve. .505–506box plot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118, 237

Ccase, changing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48casewise deletion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204categorical covariates . . . . . . . . . 239, 243categorical predictors, regression . . . 298categorical variable. . . . . . . . . . . .305–306cause and effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195center command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310centering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .321–322chi-squared

table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127, 353

chitable command . . . . . . . . . . . 129–131clear command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29clonevar command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458cls command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16codebook command . . . . . 44–45, 55–56,

138codebook example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25–28coding system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24–28coefficient of variation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117Cohen’s d . . . . . . . . . . . .170–171, 175–182Cohen’s f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232–234, 263

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collinearity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292command structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78Command window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 10compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42confidence interval

regression line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

constant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210continuous covariates. . . . . . . . . .239–241continuous variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317conventions used in the book. . . . . . . . .1copying, HTML format. . . . . . . . . . .19, 89copying results to word processor. . .19,

88correlate command. . . . . . . . . .204–205correlation,

interpreting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201limitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313multiple comparison. . . . . . . . . . .207

correlation ratio . . . . . . . . . . 226, 247–248count outcome variables . . . . . . . . . . . 341Cramer’s V , measure of association . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 133creating value labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57–60criterion-related validity . . . . . . . . . . . 384cross-tabulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124curve fitting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315–321

Ddata,

long format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162, 221wide format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160, 221

Data Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29–33, 40–41dataset contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43dataset,

acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525–526c10interaction . . . . . . . . . 307, 330c11barchart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .350cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 11census . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .329censusfv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20chapter6 aspirin . . . . . . . . . . . . 136chapter13 missing . . . . . . . . . . . 407chores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173

dataset, continuedcreate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21–23depression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216descriptive gss . . . .100, 120, 121divorce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335download. . . . . . . . . . .xxxv, 525–526environ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338firstsurvey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43firstsurvey chapter4 . . . . 80, 85,

92flourishing bmi . . . . . . . . 422, 423gss2002 and 2006 chapter12 . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 400gss2002 chapter6 . . . . . . . 148, 149gss2002 chapter7 . . 157, 163, 164,

166, 173, 187gss2002 chapter8 . . . . . . . . . . . . 216gss2002 chapter9 . . . . . . . . . . . . 271gss2002 chapter10 . . . . . 329, 330,

448gss2002 chapter11 . . . . . . . . . . . 367gss2006 chapter6 . . 124, 137, 142,

145, 148gss2006 chapter6 10percent . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 145gss2006 chapter8 . . 190, 215, 216gss2006 chapter8 selected . .207gss2006 chapter9 . . . . . . . 229, 238gss2006 chapter9 2way . . . . . . 249gss2006 chapter12 . . . . . . 370, 377gss2006 chapter12 selected . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 391intraclass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261kappa1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .381kuder-richardson . . . . . . . . . . . .379long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162longitudinal exercise . . . . . . 479longitudinal mixed . . . . . . . . . .456nlsw88 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .331nlsy97 chapter7 . . . . . . . . 182, 186nlsy97 chapter11 . . . . . . . 341, 353nlsy97 selected variables . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . 271, 296ops2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .274, 420partyid . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222, 235, 271

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dataset, continuedpositive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75regsmpl . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315, 407, 449relate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxv, 52, 75relate small . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxvretest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .375severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366spearman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212, 216wide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159wide9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256

degrees of freedom, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129ANOVA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225one-sample t test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

dependent t test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173dependent variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126describe command . . . . . . 10, 46–47, 53dfbeta command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291–292dialog box,

alpha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377anova . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249codebook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44–45correlate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204describe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46–47egen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70–72generate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 67–68graph bar . . . . . . . . . . .143–144, 231graph box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237graph hbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118graph pie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104histogram . . . . . . . . 14–15, 108–110kwallis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235lfit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211logistic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .342–343margins . . . . . . . . 242, 244–245, 251nestreg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323oneway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222–223open . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66pcorr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279–280power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178–179prtest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157–163recode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61–62, 297regress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208, 275rename . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57rvplot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .286scatter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191–196

dialog box, continuedsdtest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171sktest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113Submit vs. OK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17summarize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11tab1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100tabi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140–141table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142tabstat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117tabulate . . . . . 68–69, 124–128, 138ttest . . . . . . 164–165, 168–170, 173

dictionary file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52difference of means test . . . . . . . . . . . . 166difference of proportions test. . . . . . .159discontinuity graph . . . . . . . . . . . 199–201display command. . . . . . .170–171, 348,

439–440do-file,

continuation line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Do-file Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83–87download datasets . . . . . . . . . . . . 525–526drop command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73dummy variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298

Eeffect size . . . . . . . 170–171, 226, 247, 279

η2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226, 247–248egen command . . . . . . . . . 65, 70–72, 371egen count command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371egen rowmean command . . . . . . . 72, 371egen rowmiss command. . . . . . . . . . . . 71egenmore command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71entering data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29–33equal variance, Bartlett test . . . . . . . 225esize command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170–171estat esize command . . . . . . . 247–248estat report command . . . . . . 490–491estat vif postestimation command . .

. . . . . . . . . . .293–294estimates store command . . . . . . . 353Excel

exporting data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47–48importing data . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47–48

exit Stata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18, 43

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540 Subject index

exponentiation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .348external validity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

FF ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225F test of unequal variances . . . . . . . . 172Facebook . . . . . . . see Stata on Facebookfactor analysis, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386

commonality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389eigenvalue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389, 394exploratory factor analysis . . . . 387extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .389factor score . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389, 398loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389oblique rotation . . . . . . . . . . 389, 396orthogonal rotation. . . . . . .389, 395PCF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388PF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387postestimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390principal component analysis . . 388principal-component factor analy-

sis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388promax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396rotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389scree plot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389, 394simple structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .389varimax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395

factor variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305–306fixed effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453–454fonts, fixed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88format,

numeric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31string . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

fre command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102–104frequency distributions . . . . . . . . . . . . 101ftable command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225full mediation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443

Ggamma, measure of association . . . . 138generalized linear model . . . . . . .435–436generalized structural equation model-

ing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .421–449generate command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65–70geometric mean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

glm command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435–436Goodman and Kruskal’s gamma, mea-

sure of association . . . . . . . . 138graded response IRT model . . . . 502–509GradPlan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .522graph,

alternative scattergram . . . 197–201bar chart . . . . . . . . . . . . 108, 144, 350box plot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118collinearity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292discontinuity . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199–201hanging rootogram . . . . . . . . . . . . 281heteroskedasticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285histogram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111, 281medians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237overlay two-way showing

interaction effects. . . . . . . . .308pie chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104–108residual versus fitted . . . . . . . . . . 286scattergram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190–197

graph bar command . . . . 143–144, 231,350

graph box command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237Graph Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106–108graphics book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523growth curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456gsem command . . . . . . . . . . . 421–449, 453

logistic regression . . . . . . . . . 433–436standardized solution . . . . . . . . . 433

GUI interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

Hharmonic mean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

video. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20web-based. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

help, listcoef option . . . . . . . . 348–350help label command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43heteroskedasticity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .285hierarchical linear models . . . . . 451–480hierarchical regression . . . . . . . . 296–305,

323–325, 360–362histogram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111histogram command . . . . . . . 13–18, 281

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HLM . . . . . see hierarchical linear modelsHTML format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

IICC . . . . . . . see item characteristic curveimputation . . . . see multiple imputationincrement in R2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279independent variable. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126indicator variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298interaction term. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .306–309interactive table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140intercept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210intercept: growth trajectory . . . . . . . 456interquartile range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117interval-level variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96intraclass correlation . . . . . . . . . . 260, 262IRT . . . . . . . . . . . see item response theoryirt 1pl command . . . . . . . . . . . . 490–491irt 2pl command . . . . . . . . . . . . 497–498irt grm command . . . . . . . . . . . . 504–505irtgraph icc command . . . . . 491, 499,

505–506irtgraph iif command . . . . . 493, 500,

507irtgraph tif command . . . . . 494, 501,

508item characteristic curve . . . . . 485, 491,

499item information function graph. . .493,

500, 506–507item response theory . . . . . . . . . . 481–516

Jjitter(), scatter option . . . . . . . . . 194

Kkappa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380kappa, weighted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382kappa with three raters . . . . . . . . . . . . 382keep command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73Kendall’s tau, measure of association . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 138Kruskal–Wallis test, ANOVA alternative

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

Kuder–Richardson coefficient ofreliability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379

kurtosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99, 113, 283

Llabel variable command . . . . . . . . . 59labeling values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33labeling variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23likelihood-ratio chi-squared test . . .353–

354limitations of Stata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526linear regression. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .421–423list command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81–82, 222list option, nolabel . . . . . . . . . . . . . .222listcoef command . . . . . . . . . . . 348–350listwise deletion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204log, .smcl extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89log files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89log files and graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90logistic command . . . . . . . . . . . 342–347logistic regression . . . . . . . . 333–367, 441

bar chart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .350exponentiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348hypothesis tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353interpreting odds ratio . . . . . . . . 347likelihood-ratio chi-squared test . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 353logits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340McFadden pseudo-R2 . . . . . . . . . 346nested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360–362nonlinear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336odds ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .338percentage change. . . . . . . . . . . . .347pseudo-R2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346S-curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336vs. OLS regression. . . . . . . . . . . . .337Wald chi-squared test . . . . . . . . . 353

logit command . . . . . . . . . 336, 342–347,434–436

logits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340long format . . . . 162, 169, 221, 256–258,

458longitudinal data. . . . . . . . . . . . . .452–453lrdrop1 command . . . . . . . . . . . . 353–354lrtest command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353

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542 Subject index

MMAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403–405margins command . . 242, 244–246, 311,

357–359marginsplot command. . . . . . .252–255,

311–312maximum number of variables . . . . . 526MCAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .403–404McFadden pseudo-R2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346mean squares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225measure of association,

η2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226, 247–248φ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133odds ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

median command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184median, graph box plot . . . . . . . . . . . . 237mediation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442–446

correlated residuals . . . . . . . . . . . 447full . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443partial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443

menu, open . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66mi estimate command . . . . . . . 413–414mi impute chained command. . . . .407mi impute command. . . . . . . . . .411–412mi impute mvn command. . . . .407, 412mi register command . . . . . . . . . . . . 411mi set command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411–412mibeta command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414–416missing, count . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371missing values . . . . . . . . . . .27, 56, 67, 79,

401–420, 456types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55, 56

misstable command. . . . . . . . . .408–409mixed command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453–474mixed models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451–480more command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4, 44multicollinearity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292multilevel analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . 451–480multiple comparison,

Bonferroni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223Scheffe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

Sidak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223multiple comparison and correlation . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

multiple correlation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276multiple imputation . . . . . . . . . . . 401–420multiple regression command. .275–279multiple regression diagnostics . . . . . 288multiple regression with interaction

term . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307–312multiple regression,

block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296–305categorical predictors . . . . . . . . . 298dummy variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298hierarchical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296–305indicator variables . . . . . . . . . . . . 298influential case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289nested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296–305outlier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289residual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285weighted data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294

mvdecode command . . . . . . . . 56, 67, 167

Nnaming variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25nested regression . . . . 296–305, 323–325,

360–362nestreg command . . 302–305, 323–325,

360–362NetCourses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525nolabel, list option. . . . . . . . . . . . . .222nominal-level variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96nonlinear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336nonlinear regression . . . . . . . . . . . 313–325nonparametric ANOVA alternatives . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 234nonparametric tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

Mann–Whitney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183rank sum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

normally distributed residuals . . . . . 284numlabel command. . . . . . . . . . . . 82, 104

Oodds ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135, 338

interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347percentage change. . . . . . . . . . . . .347

OLS regression vs. logistic regression. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 337

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Subject index 543

omega2 command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247one-sample t test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164one-parameter logistic IRT model. .484–

496one-way ANOVA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219–220oneway option

bonferroni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223scheffe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223sidak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

openexisting dataset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9–11Stata-installed dataset . . . . . . . . . 10

optifact command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520option,

add, label define . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2help, listcoef . . . . . . . . . . 348–350jitter(), scatter . . . . . . . . . . . 194percent, listcoef . . . . . . . . . . . 350

ordinal-level variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96outlier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

Ppaired t test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173panel data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452–453part correlation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279partial mediation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443pasting,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89

reformatting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88pasting results to word processor, . . . 88

formatting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88path analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .442–446pcorr command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279, 300Pearson’s chi-squared . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138percent, listcoef option . . . . . . . . . 350pie chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104–108plot a confidence interval . . . . . . . . . . 211Poisson regression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341postestimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526–527postestimation command,

estat vif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293–294margins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311marginsplot . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311–312predict . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289–291, 307test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301–302

Postestimation Selector . . . . . . . 526–527

power analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174–182one-way ANOVA . . . . . . . . . . 232–234,

263–265repeated-measures ANOVA . . . 267–

269two means . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179–182two-way ANOVA . . . . . . . . . . 265–267

power command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178–182power oneway command . . . . . 232–234,

263–265power repeated command. . . .267–269power twomeans command. . . .181–182power twoway command . . . . . . 265–267powerreg command . . . . . . . . . . . 325–328predict command. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .473predict postestimation command. . . . .

. . . . . . . . 289–291, 307predict postregression . . . . . . . . . 289–291predictive validity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384probability tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129product term . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309project outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52prophecy formula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376proportions,

one-sample test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157two-sample test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

prtest command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157–163pseudo-R2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346pwcorr command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205–207pweights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295–296pwmean command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227–229

Qquadratic model,

centering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321–322examining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323–325fitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315–321

qualifier,if with missing values . . . . . . . . . 79in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

RR2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170–171, 276

change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279random coefficients . . 454–456, 471–474

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544 Subject index

random effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454–456random intercept . . . . 454–456, 461–470random sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

how to draw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155random sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153random slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454–456randomization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

alternative to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238how to perform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

ranksum command. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182Rasch modeling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .482recode command. . . . . . . . . . .61–63, 297recoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61regress command . . 208–211, 275–276,

299–301, 307–309regression,

block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296–305bootstrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283categorical predictors . . . . . . . . . 298dummy variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298hierarchical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296–305indicator variables . . . . . . . . . . . . 298influential case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289nested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296–305outlier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289residual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285robust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283weighted data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294

regression diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288regression line, plotting . . . . . . . . . . . . 196regression with interaction term . . 307–

312reliability,

alpha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377equivalent forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376IRT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509–512kappa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380kappa with three raters . . . . . . . 382Kuder–Richardson coefficient of re-

liability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .379prophecy formula . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376split-half . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376test–retest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375weighted kappa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382

rename command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57, 256rename variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256repeated-measures ANOVA . . . . . . . . . 255repeated-measures design . . . . . 267–269repeated-measures t test . . . . . . . . . . . 173replace command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 167reshape command . . . . . . . 256–258, 458reshape wide to long format . . . 256–258residual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284, 285Results window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

clear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4scroll size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

reverse coding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371reverse-code variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Review window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8robust estimation of standard errors . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 288robust regression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283root mean squared error . . . . . . . . . . . 210

Ssample, draw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191sample command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145, 191SAS XPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48save command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41–42saveold command. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42scale construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .370

reverse coding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .371scale creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70scatter command . . . . . . . . . . . . 191–198scattergram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190–201scattergram with confidence interval . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 211scattergram with jitter() option. .194scattergram, alternative . . . . . . . 197–201Scheffe, multiple comparison . . . . . . . 223schemes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15scientific notation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .278scree plot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393–394S-curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .336sdtest command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171–172search command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, 520seed for starting a random sample. .191sem advantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421

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Subject index 545

SEM Builder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423–430restore default settings . . . . . . . . 431

sem command . . . . . . . . . . . . 421–449, 453sembuilder command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423semipartial correlation . . . . . . . . 279, 300set more off command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4set seed command . . . . . . 145, 154, 191

Sidak, multiple comparison . . . . . . . . 223significance,

statistical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203substantive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

skewness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99, 113, 283sktest command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210SMCL . . . see Stata Markup and Control

Languagespearman command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212Spearman’s rho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212split-half reliability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376SPSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48ssc command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520standardized beta coefficient . . . . . . . 210standardized beta weights . . . . . . . . . 278standardized regression coefficients . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 278Stat/Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48, 526Stata, limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526Stata Blog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .521Stata bookstore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522Stata code for textbook examples . . 520Stata/IC limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526Stata Journal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522Stata Markup and Control Language . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 89Stata NetCourses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525Stata on Facebook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521Stata on Twitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521Stata Portal, UCLA . . . . . . .203, 520, 523Stata screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Stata tutorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18, 525Statalist Forum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .521statistical significance versus

substantive significance . . . 203structural equation modeling . . 421–449sum of squares. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .225

summarize command. .11–13, 113, 208,282

summarize(), tabulate option . . . 249–255

summary of data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27sunflower command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193sysuse command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Tt test,

one-sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164power analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . 178–182two-sample. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .166

tab command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145tab1 command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101, 204tab2 command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298tabdisp command. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258tabi command. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140–141table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

probability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129summary statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

table calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140–141table command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142–143tabstat command . . . . . . . . . . . . 117, 235tabulate command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,

68–70, 101, 124–128, 136, 138–140, 249–255

tau, measure of association . . . . . . . . 138test information function graph . . . 494,

501, 508test of significance,

kurtosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113skewness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

test postestimation command. . . .301–302

test–retest reliability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375tests,

Bonferroni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207chi-squared . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127dependent t test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173likelihood-ratio chi-squared. . .353–

354likelihood-ratio chi-squared with

logistic regression . . . . . . . . . 353logistic regression . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353

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546 Subject index

tests, continuedlong format for portions . . . . . . . 162Mann–Whitney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183multiple comparison with correla-

tions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207nonparametric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182one-sample t test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164paired t test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173proportions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157, 159rank sum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182repeated-measures t test . . . . . . 173skewness and kurtosis . . . . . . . . . 283two-sample t test. . . . . . . . . . . . . .166unequal variances . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171Wald chi-squared test . . . . . . . . . 353wide format for proportions . . . 160z test for proportions . . . . . . . . . 163z test with logistic regression . .353

textbook examples using Statacommands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .520

three-parameter logistic IRT model . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 487

time-invariant covariate . . . . . . . . . . . . 456time-varying covariate . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293–294toolbar,

Stata for Mac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Stata for Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

ttest command. . . . . . . . . .164–170, 173tutorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525tutorials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Twitter . . . . . . . . . . see Stata on Twittertwo-by-two table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124two-parameter logistic IRT model. .486–

487, 496–501two-way ANOVA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249–255twoway command . . . . . . . . 196–197, 308twoway lfit command . . . . . . . . . . . . 473

UUCLA Stata Portal . . . . . . . . 20, 203, 520

reshaping data wide to long . . . 256user-written commands . . . . . . . . . . . . 520

Vvalidity,

criterion related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384external . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204predictive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384

value labels . . . . . . . 23, 33–40, 57–60, 82variable labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23variable name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 25

reserved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Variables Manager . . . . 34–40, 57–59, 73Variables window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8variance inflation factor . . . . . . . 293–294versions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42video tutorials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18VIF . . . . . . . . see variance inflation factor

WWald chi-squared test . . . . . . . . . . . . . .353web search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520weighted data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294–296weighted kappa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382weights, pweights . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295–296wide format . . . . 160, 170, 221, 256–258,

457working directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Xxtreg command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262xtset command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258

Zz test,

one-sample proportion . . . . . . . . 157two-sample proportion . . . . . . . . 159

zero-inflated models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341